Answer:
e.Fire resistance,Inexpensive,Non-toxic.
Explanation:
Desirable hydraulic property of fluid as follows
1. Good chemical and environment stability
2. Low density
3. Ideal viscosity
4. Fire resistance
5. Better heat dissipation
6. Low flammability
7. Good lubrication capability
8. Low volatility
9. Foam resistance
10. Non-toxic
11. Inexpensive
12. Demulsibility
13. Incompressibility
So our option e is right.
Different types of steels contain different elements that alter the characteristics of the steel. For each of the following elements, explain what the element does when alloyed with steel.
Answer:
The presence of element Carbon.
Explanation:
The diagrams Steel- Carbon usually show the percent the carbon vs the phases of the steel.
In the middle you increase the carbon percent the steels are not commercial because they are no malleables ( Hardennes).
By the other hand according the application of the steel you need to look the diagram Fe-Cr.
Water flovs in a pipe of diameter 150 mm. The velocity of the water is measured at a certain spot which reflects the average flow velocity. A pitot static tube has a meter coefficient of C = 1,05 and is joined to a mercury manometer indicating a reading of 167 mm. Determine the flow rate of the water.
Answer:
Q = 0.118 [tex]m^{3}[/tex]/s
Explanation:
Given :
diameter of the pipe, d = 150 mm
= 0.15 m
Pitot tube co efficient, [tex]C_{v}[/tex] = 1.05
manometer reading is given, x = 167 mm
= 0.167 m
From manometer reading,we can find the difference between the manometer height, h
[tex]h =x\times\left [ \frac{S_{m}}{S_{w}}-1 \right ][/tex]
[tex]h =0.167\times\left [ \frac{13.6}{1}-1 \right ][/tex]
h = 2.1042 m
Now, average velocity is v = [tex]C_{v}[/tex][tex]\sqrt{2.g.h}[/tex]
= [tex]1.05\times \sqrt{2\times 9.81\times 2.1042}[/tex]
= 6.74 m/s
Area of the pipe, A = [tex]\frac{\pi }{4}\times d^{2}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{\pi }{4}\times 0.15^{2}[/tex]
= 0.0176 [tex]m^{2}[/tex]
Therefore, flow rate is given by, Q = A.v
= 0.0176 X 6.74
= 0.118[tex]m^{3}[/tex]/s
In general, this of the following methods yields the most conservative fatigue strength proof (a) Saderberg method (b)-Goodman method (c)-Gerber line (d)-The ASME elliptic curve.
Answer:
a). Soderberg method
Explanation:
A straight line joining the endurance limit, [tex]S_{e}[/tex] on the ordinate and to the yield strength,[tex]S_{yt}[/tex] on the abscissa is know as Soderberg line.
The Soderberg line is the most conservative failure criteria and in this there is no need to consider yielding point in this case.
The equation for Soderberg is given by
[tex]\frac{\sigma _{m}}{S_{yt}}+\frac{\sigma _{a}}{S_{e}}=1[/tex]
where [tex]\sigma _{m}[/tex] is mean stress
[tex]\sigma _{a}[/tex] is amplitude stress
A 350 gal air storage tank is initially at 100 psig. For how long can the tank supply 30 cfm of air to a machine that requires at least 80 psig to operate?
Answer:
93.8 sec
Explanation:
it is given that tab has 350 gallon
we know that 1 gallon = 0.134 cubic foot
350 gallon = 350×0.134=46.9 cubic foot
the delivery pressure is 100 psi which is greater than 80 psi to operate machine
it is given that supply volume is 30 cubic foot per minute
= [tex]\frac{30}{60}=0.5[/tex] [tex]ft^{3}/sec[/tex]
[tex]time\ required\ =\frac{tab\ air }{supply\ volume}[/tex]
[tex]time\ required\= [tex]\frac{46.9}{0.5}[/tex]
=93.8 sec
The process in which the system pressure remain constant is called a)-isobaric b)-isochoric c)-isolated d)-isothermal
Answer:
Isobaric process
Explanation:
The process in which the system pressure remain constant is called is called isobaric process. The word "iso"means same and baric means pressure.
At constant pressure, the work done is given by :
[tex]W=p\times \Delta V[/tex]
Where
W is the work done by the system
p is the constant pressure
[tex]\Delta V[/tex] is the change in volume
So, the correct option is (c) " isobaric process ".
Critical Reynolds number for internal turbulent flow is 500,000. a) True b) False
Answer:
FALSE
Explanation:
REYNOLDS NUMBER :Reynolds number is used to indicate whether the fluid flow past a body or turbulent. it is a dimensionless number
REYNOLDS NUMBER OF A INTERNAL TURBULENT FLOW: For a flow in a pipe experimental observation show that the critical reynolds number is about 2300 for the practical purpose . so the reynolds number can not be so high as 500000
A flat rectangular door in a mine is submerged froa one side in vater. The door dimensions are 2 n high, 1 n vide and the vater level is 1,5 m higher than the top of the door. The door has two hinges on the vertical edge, 160 mm from each corner and a sliding bolt on the other side in the niddle. Calculate the forces on the hinges and sliding bolt. Hint: Consider the door from a side view and from a plaa vies respectively and take moments about a point each time.)
Answer:
Force on the bolt = 24.525 kN
Force on the 1st hinge = 8.35 kN
Force on the 2nd hinge = 16.17 kN
Explanation:
Given:
height = 2 m
width =1 m
depth of the door from the water surface = 1.5 m
Therefore,
[tex]\bar{y}[/tex] =1.5+1 = 2.5 m
Hydrostatic force acting on the door is
[tex]F= \rho \times g\times \bar{y}\times A[/tex]
[tex]F= 1000 \times 9.81\times 2.5\times 2\times 1[/tex]
= 49050 N
= 49.05 kN
Now finding the Moment of inertia of the door about x axis
[tex]I_{xx}=\frac{1}{12}\times b\times h^{3}[/tex]
[tex]I_{xx}=\frac{1}{12}\times1\times 2^{3}[/tex]
= 0.67
Now location of force, [tex]y^{*}[/tex]
[tex]y^{*}=\bar{y}+\frac{I_{xx}}{A\times \bar{y}}[/tex]
[tex]y^{*}=2.5+\frac{0.67}{2\times 1\times 2.5}[/tex]
= 2.634
Therefore, calculating the unknown forces
[tex]F=F_{A}+R_{B}+R_{C} = 49.05[/tex] ------------------(1)
Now since [tex]\sum M_{R_{A}}=0[/tex]
∴ [tex]R_{B}\times L+R_{C}\times L-F\times \frac{1}{2}=0[/tex]
[tex]R_{B}+R_{C}-F\times \frac{1}{2}=0[/tex]
[tex]R_{B}+R_{C}=\frac{F}{2}[/tex]
[tex]R_{B}+R_{C}=24.525[/tex] -----------------------(2)
From (1) and (2), we get
[tex]R_{A} = 49.05-24.525[/tex]
= 24.525 kN
This is the force on the Sliding bolt
Taking [tex]\sum M_{R_{C}}=0[/tex]
[tex]F\times 0.706-R_{A}\times 0.84-R_{B}\times 1.68 = 0[/tex]
[tex]49.05\times 0.706-24.525\times 0.84-R_{B}\times 1.68 = 0[/tex]
[tex]R_{B}[/tex] =8.35 kN
This is the reaction force on the 1st hinge.
Now from (1), we get
[tex]R_{C}[/tex] =16.17 kN
This is the force on the 2nd hinge.
Describe the process that you would use to hot forge an automotive connecting rod, indicating why each of the steps is used.
Answer:
Hot forging is a process which is carried at a temperature that is higher than the recrystalization temperature.
Explanation:
A connecting rod is used in a reciprocating engine which links the piston to the crankshaft. Connecting rods are made of steel which are hot forged.
The various steps that are used to hot forged a connecting rod are :
1. Rods are made to cut in the required size from the billet by billet shearing machine or saw band.
2. Heating of the billets in the furnace upto its recrystalization temperature.
3. Placing the billets in both upper and lower dies and doing the forging operation.
4. Rolling forging : it is important for the quality of the forged component.
5. Finishing and trimming : finishing is done to improve the surface quality and provide a smooth finish.
6. Inspection : Visual inspection is done for any defects.
A solar panel measures 80 cm by 50 cm. In direct sunlight, the panel delivers 4.8 A at 15 V. If the intensity of sunlight is 1 000 W/m2, what is the efficiency of the solar panel in converting solar energy into electrical energy?
Answer:
The solar panel efficiency in converting solar energy in electrical energy is 18%.
Explanation:
The solar panel's efficiency can be defined as:
[tex] n= \frac{Pe}{Ps}*100\%[/tex]
Where Pe and Ps are the output electrical power and input solar power respectively. The electrical is computing in terms of the voltage and current delivered:
[tex]Pe=I.V[/tex]
[tex]Pe=4.8 A * 15 V[/tex]
[tex]Pe= 72 AV = 72 W [/tex]
The net solar power of panel is found by multiplying the solar intensity by the panel area in square meters:
[tex]Ps = Is.Ap[/tex]
[tex]Ps = 1000 W/m^2 *(0.8 m * 0.5 m)[/tex]
[tex]Ps = 1000 W/m^2 *(0.40 m^2)[/tex]
[tex]Ps = 400 W [/tex]
Finally the panel efficience n is:
[tex] n= \frac{72 W}{400 W}*100\%[/tex]
[tex] n= 0.18*100\% = 18\%[/tex]
Briefly describe the function of the thermostatic expansion valve in a vapour compression refrigeration system
Answer:
Explanation:
Thermostatic expansion valve is mainly a throttling device commonly used in air conditioning systems and refrigerators.
It is an automatic valve that maintains proper flow of refrigerant in the evaporator according to the load inside the evaporator. When the load in the evaporator is higher the valve opens and allows the increase in flow of refrigerant and when the load reduces the valve closes a bit and reduces the flow of refrigerant. This process leads to higher efficiency of compressor as well as the whole refrigeration system. Thus TEV works to reduce the pressure of refrigerant from higher condenser pressure to the lower evaporator pressure. It also keeps the evaporator active.
A reciprocating engine of 750mm stroke runs at 240 rpm. If the length of the connecting rod is 1500mm find the piston speed and acceleration when the crank is 45 past the top dead center position.
Answer:
speed = 16.44 m/s
Acceleration = 71.36 m/s²
Explanation:
Given data
Speed ( N) = 240 rpm
angle = 45°
stoke length(L) = 750 mm
length of rod ( l ) = 1500 mm
To find out
the piston speed and acceleration
Solution
we find speed by this formula
speed = r ω (sin(θ) + (sin2(θ)/ 2n)) ...................1
here we have find r and ω
ω = 2[tex]\pi[/tex] N / 60
so ω = 2[tex]\pi[/tex] × 240 / 60
ω = 25.132 rad/s
n = l/r = 1500/750 = 2
we know L = 2r
so r = L/2 = 750/2 = 375 mm
put these value in equation 1
speed = 375 × 25.132 (sin(45) + (sin2(45)/ 2×2))
speed = 16444.811823 mm/s = 16.44 m/s
Acceleration = r ω² (cos(θ) + (cos2(θ)/ n)) ...................2
put the value r, ω and n in equation 2
Acceleration = r ω² (cos(θ) + (cos2(θ)/ n))
Acceleration = 375 × (25.132)² (cos(45) + (cos2(45)/2))
Acceleration = 71361.363659 = 71.36 m/sec²
_______On what basis composites are classified a)- shape of dispersed phase b)-matrix materials c)-chemistry of dispersed phase d)-a & b
Answer: d) a & b
Explanation: Composite materials are made up of two or more different types of phases which include dispersed phase and matrix phase as most important phases.
Matrix phase is a types of continuous phase which is responsible for holding of the dispersed phase.It shows good property of ductility.Dispersed phase is also known as the secondary phase which is harder in nature than matrix phase.A finished, tapered workpiece has an included angle of 70 degrees. If the taper is nade vith the compound, how many degrees should tha setting be on the swivel base? A. 70 B. 140 C. 20 D. 35
Answer:
Tapering is basically the process of thinning or reducing a work piece according to the set standards. and the final product after tapering is known as tapered workpiece.
Solution:
Included angle = 70 degrees
setting on the swivel base is given by:
2α = 70°
α = 35°
Therefore, the setting on the swivel base should be 35°
What is (a) body forces (b) surface forces?
Answer:
A) Body forces-
Body forces is the forces which acts throughout the volume of the body. It is basically distributed over the volume and mass of the element of the body. In a body force other body exerts a force without being contract.
For example : Gravity forces, electromagnetic forces, centrifugal forces.
B) Surface forces-
Surface forces is the forces which are distributed all over the free surface of the body. Surfaces forces can be further divided into two perpendicular components as: normal forces and shear forces.
For example : Pressure forces and viscous forces.
Crystal lattice can be characterized with a) angle, geometry and coordination number b) the color, size, lattice type; c) hardness, geometry d) atomic size, plasticity
Answer: a) angle, geometry and coordination number
Explanation: Crystal lattice is described as arrangement of groups of atoms inside three dimensional structure of crystal. It has a particular geometry in which atoms are placed in a symmetry. The also have angle in which placement of atoms are done. Co-ordination number also determines the crystal lattice by counting the atoms with which it is bonded. Thus, option (a) is the correct option.
Explain the following terms; i.Water content in air ii. Relative humidity iii. Enthalpy
Answer:
Explanation:
WATER CONTENT IN AIR-the water content of the air varies from place to place and from time to time because water content in air is dependent on temperature if temperature is change then water content also change water exist in air as a solid liquid and gas
RELATIVE HUMIDITY-Relative humidity is the ratio of partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature relative humidity depends on temperature and pressure of the system
Enthalpy-when a substance changes at constant pressure enthalpy tells how much heat and work was added or removed from the substance
enthalpy is equal to the sum of system internal energy and product of its pressure and volume.it is denoted H
All bodies at a temperature above absolute zero emit thermal radiation. a)-True b)-False
Answer:
a). TRUE
Explanation:
Absolute zero temperature is the lowest possible temperature that can be achieved where no heat energy remains in the body. Absolute zero temperature is 0 k in the Kelvin scale and -273.16 degree Celsius in Centigrade scale.
All bodies with temperature greater than absolute zero emits energy in the form of electro magnetic radiation. Two laws namely Stefan Boltzmann law and Wein's law gives the basis of the fact that bodies with temperature greater than absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation.
Stefan Boltzmann law : It states the relationship between temperature of the body and radiations that it can emit.
E = σ. [tex]T^{4}[/tex]
where E = radiation emissions
σ = Stefans Boltzmann constant
t is temperature
Wein's Law : It states the temperature of the object and the wavelength at which the body emits maximum radiations.
[tex]\lambda _{max} = \frac{b}{T}[/tex]
where λ is wavelength
b is a constant
T is temperature
What are the three elementary parts of a vibrating system?
Answer:
the three part are mass, spring, damping
Explanation:
vibrating system consist of three elementary system namely
1) Mass - it is a rigid body due to which system experience vibration and kinetic energy due to vibration is directly proportional to velocity of the body.
2) Spring - the part that has elasticity and help to hold mass
3) Damping - this part considered to have zero mass and zero elasticity.
Name 3 types of hydraulic cylinder mountings.
Answer:
Flanges MountingTrunnions MountingClevises MountingAnswer:
1.Flange mounting:
2.Foot mounting:
3.Mounting on end joint:
extra.4. Trunnion mounting
Convert the temperature of 451 degree Fahrenheit to the units requested: a. Rankine b. Kelvin c. Celsius
Answer:
(a) 910.67°R (b) 505.9277 (c) 232.777
Explanation:
FAHRENHIET TO RANKINE: T(R°)=T(F°)+459.67
we have to change 451°F
T(R°)=451+459.67
=910.67°R
FAHRENHET TO KELVIN: T(K)=(T(F°)+459.67) ×[tex]\frac{5}{9}[/tex]
we have to convert 451°F
T(K)=(451+459.67)×[tex]\frac{5}{9}[/tex]
=505.9277
FAHRENHET TO CELSIUS: T(C°)=[tex]\frac{F-32}{9}[/tex]×5
we have to convert 451°F
T(C°)=[tex]\frac{451-32}{9}[/tex]×5
=232.777
What is the difference between pump and turbine? Write the first law of thermodynamics for both (pump & turbine)?
Answer:
Pumps converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy while turbines convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.
Explanation:
The machines which converts and transfers mechanical energy in the form of torque on the shaft into hydraulic energy in the form of water under pressure are called pumps whereas those machines which converts water pressure or hydraulic energy into mechanical energy that is further converted into electrical energy are called turbines.
The pump impeller rotates in the opposite direction to the turbine runner.
A turbine delivers work as output whereas a pump consumes work.
First law of thermodynamics for a pump :
W = ( H₁-H₂) +Q , where H₁ > H₂
First law of thermodynamics for a turbines :
W = ( H₂-H₁) +Q , where H₁ < H₂
A metal rod, 20 mm diameter, is tested in tension (force applied axially). The total extension over a length of 80 mm is 3.04 x 102 mm for a pull of 25 kN. Calculate the normal stress, normal strain and modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus), assuming the rod is linear elastic over the load range.
Answer:stress=79.56MPa
strain=[tex]3.8\times 10^{-4}[/tex]
Young Modulus=209.36 GPa
Explanation:
Given data
d=20 mm
Length[tex]\left ( L\right )[/tex]=80mm
[tex]\Delta {L}[/tex]=[tex]3.04\times 10^{-2}[/tex]mm
Load=[tex]25\times 10^{3}[/tex]N
[tex]\left ( i\right )[/tex]
Stress=[tex]\frac{Load\ applied}{cross-section}[/tex]
Stress=[tex]\frac{25\times 10^{3}}{314.2}[/tex]
Stress=79.56MPa
[tex]\left ( ii\right )[/tex]
Strain=[tex]\frac{Change\ in\ length}{Length}[/tex]
Strain=[tex]\frac{3.04\times 10^{-3}}{80}[/tex]
Strain=[tex]3.8\times 10^{-4}[/tex]
[tex]\left ( iii\right )[/tex]
young modulus[tex]\left ( E\right )[/tex]=[tex]\frac{Stress}{Strain}[/tex]
E=[tex]\frac{79.56\times 10^{6}}{3.8\times 10^{-4}}[/tex]
E=209.36GPa
Describe how the Rotary Engine works.
Answer:
Rotary engine was early known by the name of internal combustion engine. It convert heat from a high pressure of combustion. The main advantage of rotary engine is that it can be operate with less number of vibration. It works on the principle of converting pressure into rotating motion. In rotary engine the expansion pressure is applied on the flank rotor.
Answer: The rotary engine works on the same basic principle as the piston engine: combustion in the power plant releases energy to power the vehicle. However, the delivery system in the rotary engine is wholly unique. The piston engine performs four key operations: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.
Explanation:
Convection is a function of temperature to the fourth power. a)-True b)-False
Answer:
The given statement for temperature and convection is False.
Explanation:
Convection is not a function of temperature to the fourth power but it depends linearly on temperature. the below equation shows the linear relation of heat transfer due to convection and temperature:
Q = [tex]H_{c}A(T_{hot} - T_{cold} )[/tex]
Whereas, radiation is a function of temperature to the fourth power.
The Stefan-Boltzmann law gives the relationship between an object's temperature and the amount of radiation it emits. The law is given by:
[tex]Q=\sigma T^{4}[/tex]
Air modeled as an ideal gas enters a turbine operating at steady state at 1040 K, 278 kPa and exits at 120 kPa. The mass flow rate is 5.5 kg/s, and the power developed is 1120 kW. Stray heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine
(a) The temperature of the air at the turbine exit, in K.
(b) The isentropic turbine efficiency.
Answer:
a) [tex]T_{2}=837.2K[/tex]
b) [tex]e=91.3[/tex] %
Explanation:
A) First, let's write the energy balance:
[tex]W=m*(h_{2}-h_{1})\\W=m*Cp*(T_{2}-T_{1})[/tex] (The enthalpy of an ideal gas is just function of the temperature, not the pressure).
The Cp of air is: 1.004 [tex]\frac{kJ}{kgK}[/tex] And its specific R constant is 0.287 [tex]\frac{kJ}{kgK}[/tex].
The only unknown from the energy balance is [tex]T_{2}[/tex], so it is possible to calculate it. The power must be negative because the work is done by the fluid, so the energy is going out from it.
[tex]T_{2}=T_{1}+\frac{W}{mCp}=1040K-\frac{1120kW}{5.5\frac{kg}{s}*1.004\frac{kJ}{kgk}} \\T_{2}=837.2K[/tex]
B) The isentropic efficiency (e) is defined as:
[tex]e=\frac{h_{2}-h_{1}}{h_{2s}-h_{1}}[/tex]
Where [tex]{h_{2s}[/tex] is the isentropic enthalpy at the exit of the turbine for the isentropic process. The only missing in the last equation is that variable, because [tex]h_{2}-h_{1}[/tex] can be obtained from the energy balance [tex]\frac{W}{m}=h_{2}-h_{1}[/tex]
[tex]h_{2}-h_{1}=\frac{-1120kW}{5.5\frac{kg}{s}}=-203.64\frac{kJ}{kg}[/tex]
An entropy change for an ideal gas with constant Cp is given by:
[tex]s_{2}-s_{1}=Cpln(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})-Rln(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})[/tex]
You can review its deduction on van Wylen 6 Edition, section 8.10.
For the isentropic process the equation is:
[tex]0=Cpln(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})-Rln(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})\\Rln(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})=Cpln(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})[/tex]
Applying logarithm properties:
[tex]ln((\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})^{R} )=ln((\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})^{Cp} )\\(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})^{R}=(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})^{Cp}\\(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})^{R/Cp}=(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}})\\T_{2}=T_{1}(\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}})^{R/Cp}[/tex]
Then,
[tex]T_{2}=1040K(\frac{120kPa}{278kPa})^{0.287/1.004}=817.96K[/tex]
So, now it is possible to calculate [tex]h_{2s}-h_{1}[/tex]:
[tex]h_{2s}-h_{1}}=Cp(T_{2s}-T_{1}})=1.004\frac{kJ}{kgK}*(817.96K-1040K)=-222.92\frac{kJ}{kg}[/tex]
Finally, the efficiency can be calculated:
[tex]e=\frac{h_{2}-h_{1}}{h_{2s}-h_{1}}=\frac{-203.64\frac{kJ}{kg}}{-222.92\frac{kJ}{kg}}\\e=0.913=91.3[/tex] %
How much power is needed to operate a Carnot heat pump if the pump receives heat 10°C and delivers 50 kW of heat at 40°C? at A) 5.30 kw B) 151 kw C) 37.5 kW D) 4.79 kw
Answer:
Power needed to pump=4.79 KW.
Explanation:
Given that:[tex]T_{1}=283K,T_{2}=313K,Q_{H}=50KW[/tex]
We know that coefficient of performance of heat pump
COP=[tex]\dfrac{T_{H}}{T_{H}-T_{L}}[/tex]
So COP=[tex]\dfrac{313}{313-283}[/tex]
COP=10.43
COP=[tex]\frac{Q_{H}}{W_{in}}[/tex]
10.43 =[tex]\frac{50}{W_{in}}[/tex]
[tex]W_{in}[/tex]=4.79 KW
So power needed to pump=4.79 KW.
What are the mechanisms of energy transfer in an open system?
Answer:
mechanism of energy transfer in system is depend on Heat and Work:
Explanation:
Heat :Heat is described as the type of energy transmitted by a temperature difference between two structures (or a system and its environment).
Work:it is is an interaction of energy between a system and its environment. In the form of work it can cross the boundaries of a closed system. if energy crossing boundary of the system is not heat then it must be work..
Convert 30.12345 degrees into degrees, minutes and seconds.
Answer:
30.12345° can be written as : 30°7'20.42''
Or,
30 degrees 7 minutes and 20.42 seconds.
Explanation:
1 degree consists of 60 arc minutes.
1 arc minutes consists of 60 arc seconds.
Thus, 30.12345° can be written as:
30.12345°= 30° + 0.12345°
1° = 60'
So,
0.12345° = 0.12345*60' = 7.407'
Thus, 7.407' can be written as:
7.407' = 7' + 0.407'
1' = 60''
So,
0.407' = 0.407*60'' = 20.42''
Thus,
30.12345° can be written as : 30°7'20.42''
It is appropriate to use the following yield or failure criterion for ductile materials (a) Maximum shear stress or Tresca criterion; b) Distortion energy or von Mises criterion; (c) Mohr-Coulomb criterion; (d) Any of the above
Answer:
(b)Distortion energy theory.
Explanation:
The best suitable theory for ductile material:
(1)Maximum shear stress theory (Guest and Tresca theory)
It theory state that applied maximum shear stress should be less or equal to its maximum shear strength.
(2)Maximum distortion energy theory(Von Mises henkey's theory)
It states that maximum shear train energy per unit volume at any point is equal to strain energy per unit volume under the state of uni axial stress condition.
But from these two Best theories ,suitable theory is distortion energy theory ,because it gives best suitable result for ductile material.
Tool life testing on a lathe under dry cutting conditions gauge 'n' and 'C' of Taylor tool life equation as 0.12 and 130 m/min. respectively. When a coolant was used, 'C' increased by 10%. The increased tool life with the use of coolant at a cutting speed of 90 m/min is
Answer:
So % increment in tool life is equal to 4640 %.
Explanation:
Initially n=0.12 ,V=130 m/min
Finally C increased by 10% , V=90 m/min
Let's take the tool life initial condition is [tex]T_1[/tex] and when C is increased it become [tex]T_2[/tex].
As we know that tool life equation for tool
[tex]VT^n=C[/tex]
At initial condition [tex]130\times (T_1)^{0.12}=C[/tex]------(1)
At final condition [tex]90\times (T_2)^{0.12}=1.1C[/tex]-----(2)
From above equation
[tex]\dfrac{130\times (T_1)^{0.12}}{90\times (T_2)^{0.12}}=\dfrac{1}{1.1}[/tex]
[tex]T_2=47.4T_1[/tex]
So increment in tool life =[tex]\dfrac{T_2-T_1}{T_1}[/tex]
=[tex]\dfrac{47.4T_1-T_1}{T_1}[/tex]
So % increment in tool life is equal to 4640 %.