Answer:
b
Explanation:
25 POINTS FOR CORRECT ANSWER
Stefan is writing a report about the law of reflection. In his report, he says that the angle of incidence is the angle between the surface of the mirror and the incoming ray. Do you agree with him? Why or why not?
The angle of incidence is the angle formed between the incident ray and its normal drawn on the plane. So, his statement is wrong.
What is law of reflection ?Law of reflection states that, when a light ray falls on a reflecting surface and gets reflected, the angle of incidence becomes equal to the angle of reflection.
Here,
The report given by Stefan is about the law of reflection. In the report, he says that the angle of incidence is the angle between the surface of the mirror and the incoming ray.
This not correct and I disagree with his statement because,
The angle of incidence in optics is defined as the angle formed between the incident ray on the surface and the normal drawn at the point of incidence at the surface of the mirror.
The formation of angle of incidence is given in the figure.
Hence,
The angle of incidence is the angle formed between the incident ray and its normal drawn on the plane. So, his statement is wrong.
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Attaching the image here.
three features describe the motion of an object. they are...
A) direction, speed, energy
B) position, direction, and speed
C) energy, position, and direction
D) position, direction and energy
Measuring the Orbital Speeds of Planets
Introduction
A Boeing 747 can fly 624 miles per hour. That’s pretty fast! Right now, Earth and other objects in the
solar system are orbiting the Sun, but how fast are these objects moving? In this assignment, you will
calculate the orbital speeds of objects in our solar system.
Part A: Planetary Periods
In the 1600s, Johannes Kepler discovered three laws that govern the motion of objects around the sun.
Kepler’s first law explains that objects travel in an elliptical, or oval-shaped, path around the sun.
Kepler’s second law explains that an object travels faster in its orbit when it is closer to the Sun and
slower in its orbit when it is farther away. In this activity, you will investigate Kepler’s third law: the
relationship between an object’s distance from the sun and the time it takes the object to complete an
orbit around the sun.
Access the Gizmo from within today's lesson. The exploration guide found within this simulation will
help you work through the Gizmo. Click on the Lesson Materials link, which appears on the top left
corner of the screen once you enter the simulation, to access the student exploration sheet. Use it as
you work through Activity C and answer all parts.
Part B: Calculating Orbital Speed
Every object moves at a different average speed in its orbit around the Sun. In this activity, you will use
data collected from Part A to calculate the average orbital speeds of each planet and of Pluto.
1. Recall that the path an object takes around the Sun is an ellipse, and not a circle. However, to
approximate the circumference, or length, of each orbit, you will treat the orbits as circles. Go
back to your notes in your student exploration sheet from Part A. Using the mean orbital radius
(R) that you recorded, calculate the circumference of each planet’s orbit and record it in the
table below. Use the following formula to calculate the circumference:
Circumference 2 = π r
2. Using the periods you recorded in your student exploration sheet and the circumference of orbit
that you just calculated, calculate the average orbital speed of each planet and record it in the
table below. Use the following formula to calculate speed:
Distance Circumference Average Orbital Speed Time Period = =
The units of your answer will be in AU/year.
3. To give you a better perspective of how fast these orbital speeds really are, convert the orbital
speeds you just calculated from AU/year to miles/hour. 1 AU/year = 10,604 miles/hour. Record
your answers in the table below.
Table
Object
Mean
orbital
radius (AU)
(copy from
#6 in part A)
Circumference of
Orbit (AU)
Period
(Earth
Years)
(copy
from #6
in part
A)
Orbital Speed
(AU/year)
Orbital Speed
(miles/hour)
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Drawing Conclusions
4. Which planet takes the longest amount of time to travel once around its orbit? Which planet
takes the shortest amount of time?
5. How does an increase in orbital radius affect average orbital speed?
Extension
perihelion
In astronomy, the term refers to the point in the orbit of an asteroid, comet, or planet at
which it is closest to the sun. Aphelion refers to the point at which the object is furthest away from the
sun. Research facts about the dwarf planet Ceres. Calculate the average orbital speed of Ceres in
miles/hour when it is closest to the sun and when it is farthest away.
Kepler's third law allows finding the answers for the orbital speed of the planets are:
The speed decreases as we move away from the Sun, the values are in the third column of the table. The fastest planet is Mercury and the slowest planet is Pluto.
Kepler measured and analyzed the astronomical data of him and his tutor Brake, finding mathematical relationships that describe the movement of the planet, they are called Kepler's laws
1. The orbits are ellipses
2. A vector from the sun to the planet travels equal areas in equal times
3. A relationship between the period and the semi-major axis of the orbit.
Kepler's third law is an application of Newton's second law to the motion of the planets around the sun.
Newton's second law establishes a relationship between force and the product of mass and acceleration of the object; in this case the force is the gravitational attractive force
F = m a
F = [tex]G \frac{M m}{r^2}[/tex]
Wher M y m are sum and planet mass, r is the distance ang G constnate universal gravitation
They indicate that we consider the orbits as circular, in this case the acceleration is centripetal
a = [tex]\frac{v^2}{r}[/tex]
Let's substitute
[tex]G \frac{M m}{r^2} = m \frac{ v^2}{r}[/tex]
[tex]v = \sqrt{ \frac{GM }{r} }[/tex] (1)
The modulus of velocity (speed) is constant so we can use the uniform motion ratio
v = [tex]\frac{\Delta x}{t}[/tex]
For a complete orbit, the distance traveled is the length of the circle and the time is called the period.
Δx = 2π r
we substitute
[tex]\frac{G M}{r} = \frac{4 \pi^2 r^2 }{T^2}[/tex]
T² = ( [tex]\frac{4\pi ^2 }{GM}[/tex]) r³
They ask to calculate the orbital velocity we can use the relation 1
v = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{GM }}{ \sqrt{r} }[/tex]
Let's find the value of the constant
[tex]\sqrt{GM}[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{6.67 \ 10^{-11} \ 1.991 \ 10^{30}}[/tex]
[tex]\sqrt{GM} = 1.15 \ 10^{10}[/tex]
In the table we have the tabulated values for the radii of the orbits of the planets
planet radius orbit (m) velocity (m/s)
Mercury 5.79 10¹⁰ 4.779 10⁴
Venus 1.08 10¹¹ 3.499 10⁴
Land 1,496 10¹¹ 2,973 10⁴
Mars 2.28 10¹¹ 2.408 10⁴
Jupiter 7.78 10¹¹ 1.304 10⁴
Saturn 1.43 10¹² 9.62 10³
Uranus 2.87 10¹² 6.79 10³
Neptune 4.50 10¹² 5.42 10³
Pluto 5.91 10¹² 4.73 10³
We calculate the speed of some as an example and the others are in the third column of the table
Mercury
v = [tex]\frac{1.15 \ 10^{10}}{\sqrt{5.79 \ 10^{10}} }[/tex]
v = 4.779 10⁴ m / s
Venus
v = [tex]\frac{1.15 \ 10^{10}}{\sqrt{1.08 \ 10^{11}} }[/tex]
v = 3,499 10⁴ m / s
They ask to know the planet that has maximum and minimum orbital speed.
After reviewing the calculations, and observed the table, Mercury has the highest speed and Pluto is the one with the lowest orbital speed.
When examining the expression the velocity is inversely proportional to the square root of the radius of the orbit
The radius of the orbit of Ceres is r = 2.766 ua ( [tex]\frac{1.49 \ 10^{11} m}{1 ua}[/tex]) = 4.11 10¹¹ m
the orbital velocity of Ceres is
v = [tex]\frac{1.15 \ 10^{10}}{\sqrt{4.11 \ 10^{11}} }[/tex]
v = 1.79 10⁴ m / s
those that correspond to a speed between Mars and Jupiter
In conclusion using Kepler's third law we can find the answers for the orbital speed of the planets are:
The speed decreases as we move away from the Sun, the values are in the third column of the table. The fastest planet is Mercury and the slowest planet is Pluto.
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Cell theory was discovered and advanced because of the development of which instrument?
A) telescope
B) gyroscope
C) light microscope
D) electron microscope
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Just did it
Which of the following units would be the most appropriate for measuring the mass of a paper clip? A. grams B. milligrams C. centigrams D. kilograms
For this case we have that a paper clip is a very small object, to be taken in the hand we feel that its mass is very small, almost imperceptible.
For this reason we can discard option D and option A.
Being so small we can use the milligrams to measure its mass, it is the smallest scale.
Answer:
Option B
Answer: Grams
Explanation: In the metric system, masses are measured using grams as the base unit. Prefixes can then be added to the base unit when appropriate.
In which of the following technologies do satellites work together to aid in navigation?
radio telescope
optical telescope
interstellar space probe
Global Positioning System
Satellites in the Global Positioning System (GPS) work together to provide navigation assistance via radio signals.
Satellites work together to aid in navigation in the Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS satellites broadcast radio signals that are used by GPS receivers to calculate precise positions on the Earth's surface. This calculation involves measuring the time it takes for the signals to travel from the satellite to the receiver, which allows the device to compute its distance from multiple satellites and thus pinpoints its location accurately.
The space segment, which is comprised of the Earth-orbiting GPS satellites themselves.The control segment, which includes ground monitoring stations that maintain the satellites' orbits and check their clocks.The user segment, made up of the individual GPS receivers that people use to determine their position and time.Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as GPS, along with other international systems like Galileo, GLONASS, and BeiDou, provide critical Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services, which are essential for various applications ranging from military operations to civilian uses like navigation and surveying.
as the temperature of the water gets colder, the speed of its molecules:
Please Help!
Complete each sentence or statement.
15. like charges____and opposite charges________.
16. A complete path through which charge can flow is an electric____.
17. To calculate power, multiply voltage measured in ____ by _____ measured in amps.
18. The magnetic field lines of a bar magnet begin near the magnet's_______.
19. A charged particle moving in a magnetic field will be deflected in a direction ______ to the magnetic field.
20. In a solenoid, there will be no magnetic field if there is no ______ in the wires of the coil.
21. Large power plants in the united states use ___________ generators.
#26: Why is spear fishing much more successful for scuba divers than someone spear fishing from above the water? Explain your reasoning related to light waves.
Two charged objects have a repulsive force of .080 N. if the charge of both of the objects is doubled, then what is the new force?
Answer:
0.32
Explanation: The guy above me said the answer was 4 times the original number. 0.08 times 4 equals 0.32
If the charge of both of the objects is doubled, then the new force would be 0.32 N.
Force between two charged objects
The electrostatic force between two charged objects is determined by using Coulomb's law as follows;
F = kq₁q₂/r²
when the charges are doubled
F₂ = k(2q₁)(2q₂)/r²
F₂ = 4kq₁q₂/r²
F₂ = 4F
F₂ = 4 x 0.08 N
F₂ = 0.32 N
Thus, if the charge of both of the objects is doubled, then the new force would be 0.32 N.
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Calculate the critical angle for light going from Glycerine to air.
The critical angle for light going from glycerin to air is approximately [tex]\( 42.47^\circ \)[/tex]
To calculate the critical angle for light going from glycerin to air, we need to use Snell's Law, which states:
[tex]\[ n_1 \sin \theta_1 = n_2 \sin \theta_2 \][/tex]
Where:
[tex]\( n_1 \)[/tex] is the refractive index of glycerin.
[tex]\( n_2 \)[/tex] is the refractive index of air.
[tex]\( \theta_1 \)[/tex] is the angle of incidence.
[tex]\( \theta_2 \)[/tex] is the angle of refraction.
The critical angle [tex](\( \theta_c \))[/tex] is the angle of incidence in the denser medium (glycerin) for which the angle of refraction in the less dense medium (air) is [tex]90[/tex] degrees. At the critical angle:
[tex]\[ \sin \theta_c = \frac{n_2}{n_1} \][/tex]
The refractive index of air [tex](\( n_2 \))[/tex] is approximately [tex]1[/tex]. The refractive index of glycerin [tex](\( n_1 \))[/tex] is approximately [tex]1.47[/tex]
Using these values:
[tex]\[ \sin \theta_c = \frac{1}{1.47} \][/tex]
Now, calculate [tex]\( \sin \theta_c \)[/tex]
[tex]\[ \sin \theta_c = 0.6803 \][/tex]
To find the critical angle [tex]\( \theta_c \)[/tex], take the inverse sine ([tex]arcsine[/tex]) of [tex]0.6803[/tex]
[tex]\[ \theta_c = \arcsin(0.6803) \][/tex]
Using a calculator
[tex]\[ \theta_c = 42.47^\circ \][/tex]
A duplicated chromosome is made of two identical structures is called?
To test the hypothesis that plants grow faster in green light, a student set up 3 of the same type of plants. She placed the first plant under a green light, the second plant under a regular light bulb, and the third plant under a red light. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Land near the ocean along the coast experience weather that is more moderate than the inland climate. So along the coast you can predict that compared to inland weather it should be during the summer and during the winter
Coastal climates are moderated by the ocean's heat inertia, leading to cooler summers and milder winters compared to inland areas. This is due to water heating and cooling more slowly than land, which stabilizes temperatures year-round.
Explanation:Coastal areas tend to experience more moderate weather compared to inland areas due to the influence of large bodies of water like oceans. The heat inertia of water means it heats and cools much more slowly than land does, resulting in coastal climates that are less variable and more moderate, even in places far north that would otherwise experience extreme temperatures. During the summer, one can expect that coastal areas would be cooler than inland regions because the ocean absorbs and retains heat more slowly. Likewise, winters along the coast are typically milder than those experienced inland because the ocean retains heat from the summer longer, releasing it slowly over time.
Facts such as Norway's coastal areas remaining ice-free through winter despite being within the Arctic region, and Canada's west coast receiving significant precipitation, illustrate how nearby water bodies moderate local climates. Similarly, urban areas in Australia like Sydney, Melbourne, and Adelaide experience moderate Type C climates because they are near the ocean, which tends to stabilize temperatures throughout the year, making them more mild compared to the greater fluctuations found in inland or more extreme latitudinal locations.
Four large grocery food chains sell approximately how much of the nation’s food?
one-fourth
one-half
three-fourths
100 percent
Answer:
one-fourth
Explanation:
In a recent year, over 1 trillion was spent on food in the US, about half of that at grocery stores, and about half for restaurants, food service, and other food outlets. About 250 billion was spent at the four largest grocery chains.
Approximately one-fourth of the nation's food is sold by the four largest grocery chains.
Four large grocery food chains sell approximately three-fourths of the nation’s food
To understand why three-fourths is the correct answer, let's consider the context of the question. The question asks for the approximate percentage of the nation's food sold by four large grocery food chains.
Here are the options provided:
- one-fourth
- one-half
- three-fourths
- 100 percent
Now, let's analyze these options:
- If one-fourth of the nation's food were sold by these chains, it would mean that three-fourths is sold by other, smaller chains or independent stores, which seems unlikely given the market share of large chains.
- If one-half of the nation's food were sold by these chains, it would still imply a significant portion of the market is held by smaller entities, which might be possible but is not the best answer given typical market concentrations.
- If three-fourths of the nation's food were sold by these chains, it would indicate a high level of market consolidation, which is more in line with what we know about the grocery industry in many countries, where a few large chains control a substantial portion of the market.
- If 100 percent of the nation's food were sold by these chains, it would mean there are no other significant sellers of food in the nation, which is highly unlikely.
Given this information, three-fourths is the most accurate approximation of the market share controlled by four large grocery food chains. It reflects the reality that while these chains are dominant, there is still a considerable portion of the market served by other retailers, including smaller chains, independent stores, and specialty markets.
What is the mechanical advantage of a hockey stick that is gripped at point D and hits the puck at point A?
The Invariable wave property in the Doppler effect is the
The answer to you qustion is velocity
-got 95%
Suppose you are investigating how the day ends hamsters affect how much they run on the hamster wheel. In order to control the experiment which of these should you do?
A. Change only the diet of each hampster.
B. Give all the hamsters the exact same diet.
C. Only allow some hampsters to run on the wheel.
D. Compare the behavior of hamsters and gerbils
Answer:
B
Explanation:
If you want to control the experiment, you want to make sure that no outside factor could potentially influence your results.
Hence, changing the diet of a hamster would significantly alter any results you may collect.
For example, if you allow hamster A to eat a nutritious diet, while not giving a proper diet to hamster B. Hamster A will perform better, and run further and for longer, because he has more energy.
The answer is B, because you want to make sure no hamster is at an advantage.
Cognitive changes that accompany depression include
That is correct. Cognitive changes that accompany depression can include: Concentration, Memory, Decision-Making, Slowed Cognitive Processing, Negative Cognitive Bias, Rumination, Reduced Attention to Detail, Forgetfulness, Information Processing, Executive Function Impairment.
Difficulties in Concentration: People with depression often struggle to concentrate or focus on tasks, making it challenging to stay attentive and productive.
Memory Problems: Depressed individuals may experience difficulties with memory, both short-term and long-term, leading to forgetfulness and trouble recalling important information.
Impaired Decision-Making: Depression can affect a person's ability to make decisions, leading to indecisiveness, second-guessing, and avoidance of making choices.
Slowed Cognitive Processing: Cognitive processing speed may be reduced in individuals with depression, resulting in delayed responses and slower information processing.
Negative Cognitive Bias: Depression can lead to a negative cognitive bias, causing individuals to interpret situations in a pessimistic and negative manner, reinforcing feelings of hopelessness.
Rumination: Depressed individuals may engage in rumination, which involves obsessively dwelling on negative thoughts and feelings without finding resolution, leading to a cycle of negative thinking.
Reduced Attention to Detail: Depression can lead to a decreased ability to pay attention to details, impacting work, studies, and daily activities.
Forgetfulness: Depressed individuals may experience forgetfulness, leading to difficulties in remembering appointments, tasks, and important events.
Difficulty Processing Information: Depression may affect a person's ability to process and comprehend new information, making it challenging to learn and adapt.
Executive Function Impairment: Executive functions, such as planning, organization, and problem-solving, may be impaired by depression, making it difficult to manage daily responsibilities.
It's essential to remember that not everyone with depression will experience all of these cognitive changes, and the severity of these symptoms can vary from person to person. Seeking professional help and treatment for depression is crucial to address both the emotional and cognitive aspects of the condition. Early intervention can lead to better management of depression and its cognitive effects.
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Complete question:- Cognitive changes that accompany depression include difficulties in concentration, memory problems, impaired decision-making, slowed cognitive processing, negative cognitive bias, rumination, reduced attention to detail, forgetfulness, difficulty processing information, and executive function impairment.
Which of these describes the heat element of a toaster oven?
A. A resistor, which converts some electrical energy to thermal energy
B. A conductor surrounded by an insulator
C. A conductor, which carries electric currents
D. An insulator, which stops the flow of electricity.
If you were trying to build a sound proof room, which of the following materials would you choose in order to absorb the most sound, based on the coefficient of absorption for each material
Answer: concrete
Explanation: because of the absorption
(from Penn Foster) ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Material Coefficient of Absorption
Perforated acoustic ceiling material 60%
Heavy curtains (A) 50%
Carpeting (B) 20%
Wood (C) 5%
Plaster 3%
Clay tile (D) 3%
Concrete 2%
The answer is A. Heavy curtains ✅
the force of the racket and the opposite force of the tennis ball do not cancel each other out. why?
what are some chemical properties of oreos??
You move a 2.5 kg book from a shelf that is 1.2 m above the ground to a shelf that is 2.6 m above the ground. What is the change in potential energy of a system containing the book and Earth?
The change in potential energy of the book, moved from 1.2 m to 2.6 m above the ground, is 34.3 J.
Change in Potential Energy of a Book
To find the change in potential energy of the system containing the book and Earth, we use the formula for gravitational potential energy: PE = mgh, where m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximated as 9.8 m/s²), and h is the height.
First, calculate the initial potential energy of the book when it is at 1.2 m:
PEinitial = mghinitial
PEinitial = (2.5 kg)(9.8 m/s²)(1.2 m) = 29.4 J
Next, calculate the final potential energy of the book when it is at 2.6 m:
PEfinal = mghfinal
PEfinal = (2.5 kg)(9.8 m/s²)(2.6 m) = 63.7 J
The change in potential energy (ΔPE) is the difference between the final and initial potential energy:
ΔPE = PEfinal - PEinitial
ΔPE = 63.7 J - 29.4 J = 34.3 J
Thus, the change in the potential energy of the system is 34.3 joules.
A ball is thrown into the air
Why does increasing the heat under a pan of boiling water not decrease the cooking time for hard-boiled eggs? (Select all that apply.)
increasing the heat under the pan will not raise the water temperature
increasing the heat under the pan will raise the temperature, but eggs are not affected by this
increasing the heat under the pan will only evaporate water faster increasing the heat under the pan will raise the pan temperature, but not affect the eggs increasing the heat under the pan will increase the boiling point of water and therefore not affect the eggs
Answer:
increasing the heat under the pan will not raise the water temperature
increasing the heat under the pan will only evaporate water faster
Explanation:
i got this question too, these are the right answers
Plz help!!!!!
*best answer gets brainliest*
Wind energy is used to rotate the sails of a windmill. The rotating sails have A) heat energy. B) kinetic energy. C) potential energy. D) electromagnetic energy.
Which statement about the free enterprise system is true?
The free enterprise system allows the citizen to own and operate a private business for profit.
The basic principles of a free enterprise system were laid out by Scottish philosopher Adam Smith in an influential book published in 1776: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The Nobel-prize winning 20th century economist Milton Friedman said of Adam Smith, "The key insight of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is misleadingly simple: If an exchange between two parties is voluntary, it will not take place unless both believe they will benefit from it." Smith argued for such voluntary exchanges within a free market system. He labeled the government-manipulated economic system that was prevailing in his day as "mercantilism," a system in which governments specifically authorized some merchants as the official agents of commerce (rather than endorsing free enterprise). The mercantilist system also viewed wealth as though there were a fixed amount of it available in the world, represented by precious metals such as gold and silver, and that nations were in competition over who got more of that fixed amount of world wealth. Smith saw that wealth was something that could be created and increased through voluntary exchange and free enterprise. Smith's ideas formed the basis for what we have come to know as capitalism.
(OSS.01)
Based on the Nebular theory, which of these is a step in the formation of a new planetary system? (1 point)
evaporation of water
nuclear fission of gases
repulsion of gaseous masses
change of gases into liquids
2. (OSS.01)
A student explains the Nebular theory of formation of planets as follows.
"A cloud of gas and dust in space, called nebula, began to rotate and condensed into a flattened disk. Gravitational force pulled the gas and dust closer together. This resulted in the nuclear fusion of gases and dust to create the sun and planets at the outer flattened portion of the disk."
What is the flaw in the student's explanation? (1 point)
nuclear fission created the sun and planets
the nebula evaporated instead of condensing
the sun was formed at the center of the nebula
gravitational forces kept the gases well separated
3. (OSS.01)
The diagr
The answer is the evaporation of water. As the gas begins to collapse, thermonuclear fusion as a result of the immense gravity at the center of the cloud results in the generation of immense heat and radiation that turns solids and liquid into gaseous form, close to the center of the cloud.
There is a flaw in the statement “This resulted in the nuclear fusion of gases and dust to create the sun and planets at the outer flattened portion of the disk." The sun forms in the center of the cloud since the gravitation effect that drives thermonuclear fusion are strongest in this region. Planets form in the outer regions of the accretion disks where matter attract each other into clumps and gain even more gravitational pull to yank even more matter.
The Nebular theory of planetary system formation does not involve the evaporation of water, nuclear fission of gases, repulsion of gaseous masses, or the change of gases into liquids.
Explanation:The steps involved in the formation of a new planetary system according to the Nebular theory include:
Evaporation of water: This step is not part of the Nebular theory. The theory focuses on the formation of planets from a cloud of gas and dust in space. Water evaporation is not mentioned in this process.Nuclear fission of gases: Nuclear fusion, not fission, is the process that occurs in the core of the Sun, leading to the release of energy. Fusion involves the merging of atomic nuclei, not the splitting of them.Repulsion of gaseous masses: This is not a step in the formation of a new planetary system according to the Nebular theory. Instead, gravitational force acting on the cloud of gas and dust causes them to condense and come closer together.Change of gases into liquids: The Nebular theory explains the formation of planets from gas and dust, not the change of gases into liquids. The condensation of gas and dust leads to the formation of solid bodies like planets.Learn more about Nebular theory of planetary system formation here:https://brainly.com/question/1477348
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