Answer:
D. Privacy as a legal doctrine is stated and protected overtly in American founding document.Explanation:
The US constitution does not include the right to privacy. Although the supreme court accepts that the first, third, Fourth and fifth amendment implicitly grants the right to privacy against governmental intrusion. The court has used right to privacy as justification for the decisions in civil liberties cases.With technological changes searching a persons name on Goggle's Ad word without the persons consent has raised various privacy issues. Several states has enacted social media and right to privacy laws. e. California's "Online Erasure". US is still far behind EU in protecting a persons privacy online.
A small-town radio disc jockey frequently announces how much money is currently in a jackpot. Every day several randomly selected residents are called and asked to identify the amount, and thereby win it. Those who keep track of the jackpot amount are most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.
Answer:
variable-interval
Explanation:
Types of reinforcement schedules:
1. Fixed-ratio schedule.
2. Fixed-interval schedule.
3. Variable-ratio schedule.
4. Variable-interval schedule.
Variable-interval schedule: The variable-interval schedule is a reinforcement schedule of operant conditioning. In this type of schedule, a response is being awarded when an incalculable time has been passed. It produces a steady and slow response rate.
In the question above, the given statement represents the variable-interval reinforcement schedule.
The small-town radio disc jockey's announcement of the jackpot money uses a variable ratio reinforcement schedule.
Explanation:The correct reinforcement schedule that best describes the situation with the small-town radio disc jockey announcing the jackpot money is the variable ratio reinforcement schedule.
In a variable ratio reinforcement schedule, the reinforcement (winning the jackpot) occurs after an unpredictable number of responses (guesses). This type of schedule is commonly used in gambling because it leads to high and steady response rates with little pause after reinforcement, keeping individuals engaged and hoping for the next big win.
The variable ratio schedule is known to be most resistant to extinction, making it addictive and difficult to stop the behavior. This is why people keep trying their luck and hoping that the next time they will win the jackpot.
Labeling theorists interpret deviance as: a) something that anyone would do given the opportunity b) a process of interaction between deviants and nondeviants c) a genetic component of personality and socialization d) a tool for the preservation of power in the ruling class e) a macrosociological phenomenon determining social construction.
Answer:
Option b
Explanation:
According to the Labeling theory, the behavior of the people is identified and reflected by the ways people how they are being labeled by others.
This theory has its association with criminal sociology and deviance.
This theory reflects on the fact that the behavior of the people is influenced negatively by the ways that people label them as deviant.
Deviance can be defined as the behavior that results in the violation of the norms of the society social norms, and serves as a rule of adequate seriousness to warrant dissatisfaction from most of society.
Thus it follows that option B complies with the interpretation of the deviance.
Mary’s car just broke down, so she has to run the rest of the way to school and arrives 5 minutes late for her psychology exam. Her heart is pounding, and she can hardly catch her breath. According to arousal theory, how well will Mary perform on her exam if it is on material that is complicated and took a lot of time to understand?
Answer:
Explanation:
She will not perform well in her exam because her mental strength is not up to the mark in that scenario. When heart starts pounding, the sugar level will automatically starts decreasing. As a result, a person will lose his/her confidence level.
One explanation for gender differences in aggression, held by ________ theorists, is that throughout history, men were more likely to be hunters and protectors and had to be physically aggressive. In contrast, the idea that men are socialized into roles that prioritize physical aggression is held by ________ theorists.
Answer:
The answer is evolutionary and cultural, respectively.
Explanation:
Evolutionary theorists assume that most of our behaviours are a result of evolution. In regard to aggression, some studies show that hostile behaviours might have increased the chances for human survival in the past.
Cultural theorists claim that a person's attitudes are a result of social interactions (they are reinforced or discouraged).
Evolutionary psychologists believe that gender differences in aggression are rooted in historical roles of men as hunters and protectors, requiring aggression, while social role theorists argue that these differences are due to social norms and gender role socialization.
One explanation for gender differences in aggression, held by evolutionary psychologists, is that throughout history, men were more likely to engage in hunting and protecting, roles that often required physical aggression. On the other hand, the notion that socialization is key, with men being encouraged to take on roles that prioritize physical aggression, is supported by social role theorists.
Support for the evolutionary perspective comes from the observation that men, throughout history and across various cultures, have commonly taken on roles necessitating aggression, such as defense, hunting, and fighting, to fulfill their duties successfully. This evolutionary explanation posits that such behavior may have been advantageous for ancestral men in securing resources, status, and mates, and these traits have been passed down through generations.
In contrast, the social role theory proposed by Eagly and others suggests that aggression in males is largely due to societal norms and gender role socialization, where men and women are taught to conform to culturally specific expectations. This theory points out that the observed gender differences in aggression are socially constructed and reinforced through upbringing and societal influence, rather than being solely an outcome of biological evolution.
In college, you and fifteen of your friends pool your resources and buy a house. You create a corporation, then each friend buys shares in the corporation, and then you all sign lease agreements for different rooms in the house. You can’t take out a loan based on the room that you own, but the corporation can borrow money on a blanket mortgage, in which case you would be jointly and severally liable on the loan. This type of co-ownership is best described as a ________.
Answer:A cooperative business
Explanation:
A cooperative business is a business owned jointly by individuals who are responsible for its products and service use. The owners has an aim of gaining certainly advantages such as enhancing the bargaining power of its members
It also help the business operates at a lower cost whilst opening up new opportunities.
Chad is serving a two-year mission for his church at the age of 19. When he returns home from his mission assignment, he will decide whether to attend college and will make decisions about career and family. Chad's current status is identity:______________
Answer:
The correct answer is Moratorium status.
Explanation:
In developmental psychology terms the Moratorium status is defined as a status in which an individual is in thi midst of a crisis in which commitments are not entirely decided or there are no commitments at all, but in this crisis the individual is actually exploring alternatives. In Chad's case, he's exactly in this situation, the decision he's about to take are vaguely decided but he's decided to make a decision, therefore he is in a Moratorium status.
Charmaine was a teenager who recently moved into a new neighborhood. The majority of the teenagers in this new neighborhood either regularly stole or approved of this behavior. After a few weeks, Charmaine began to shoplift on a regular basis. The theory of deviance that might best explain Charmaine's behavior is__________________.
Differential Association Theory is the correct answer.
The Differential Association Theory was developed by Edwin Sutherland. It suggests that the more a person hangs around people who present deviant behaviors, more likely he/she is of choosing the criminal path, as well. Thus, If Charmaine is surrounded by the majority of teens who steal and approve of this behavior, more likely she is of acting the same way.
An easy way to remember the difference between encoding and decoding within the communication process is to think of encoding as the message the sender intends to say, whereas decoding can be thought of as what the receiver actually _____
a. means
b. hears
c. feels
d. does
A young child begins to wait patiently for his favorite food while his father prepares it, rather than crying uncontrollably until he gets what he wants. Freud would say the child has now developed his ____.
Answer:
ego
Explanation:
The ego is a concept that Freud included in his theory of psychonysis.
Accordingly, the ego is the part of the personality that mediates the demands of the id (psychic expression of our drives and desires), the superego and reality. In this sense, it not only prevents us from acting according to our basic impulses (created by it), but also works to achieve a balance with our moral and idealistic standards (created by the superego).
The internet and social media have increased the level of interactions between politicians and citizens. True or False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Many citizens check social media more then anything else and get their information from social media
What is the name of the social role in South American indigenous religions that functions through alliances with spiritual forces or non-physical beings from other worlds or dimensions, with whom he (typically a male) communicates through vision, trance, or dream?
Answer:
The general name for the person with this social role in South American indigenous cultures is a shaman.
Explanation:
Shamanism is the name for the set of beliefs that is common among South American indigenous cultures. A shaman is a figure in the community who can speak with spirits and other supernatural forces in the environment. They often use substances like ayahuascar in the jungle regions or perform rites like the pachamama ceremony in Andean cultures. These are practices that are found locally as a part of their rites of purification and purging and appeasing transcendental energies.
is a procedure in which juvenile court judges have the discretion to transfer a juvenile case to adult court when certain predetermined conditions regarding the seriousness of the offense and the age of the offender are met.
Answer: prosecutorial waiver
Explanation:
Its the answer
Artrelle is taking part in a research study that examines her thoughts on the political election taking place in her country. Each night, before bed, she is to complete a questionnaire that gathers information on these topics. She submits her completed questionnaires to the researchers at the end of each week. What type of research method is being used?
Answer:Diary research method
Explanation:
Diary method is a research in which qualitative information can be obtained through letting research participants write down about their everyday experiences(based on what is being researched) in a diary or journal studies
This method is mostly useful because participate may be more comfortable to write at their own private space than to be asked questions through an interview.
However this is dependent on an individual's commitment to write everyday constantly which may be an issue for most participants.
Ralph, a white student who grew up in Maine, is about to enter the University of Southern California on an athletic scholarship. He is aware that many of his teammates will be black and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. Ralph’s attitude is BEST described as an example of ______.
A. impression formation
B. ambiguity
C. nonconformity
D. prejudice
E. discrimination
Answer:
E. Discrimination
Explanation:
Because that is a situation that describes a racist behavior causing the social rejection for the race and the color of the skin, that behavior could affect the Ralph's life, psychologically and physically through bullying, also, the discrimination in schools and universities are common especially for the division according social groups, strata, economical conditions, ideological beliefs and race, in this case Ralph could suffer racial discrimination for his skin color.
NTD Consulting Partners conducted a survey of top executives that found that that 35% of them regularly read Time magazine, 20% read Newsweek, and 40% read U.S. News & World Report. A total of 10% read both Time and U.S. News & World Report. What is the probability that a particular top executive reads either Time or U.S. News & World Report regularly?
Answer:
Explanation:
To solve this question you have to use the Addition rule which represents the probability that two events take place separately or at the same time. Here we have 3 events (Magazines) each one with a probability:
P(Time)= 35%= 0.35
P(Newsweek)=20%=0.20
P(U.S. News & World Report) = 40% = 0.40
The problem also gives the probability of Times and U.S. News & World Report magazine together:
P(Times ∩ U.S. News & World Report) = 10% = 0.10
Then, to know the probability that a particular top executive reads either Time or U.S. News & World Report regularly we have to sum the probabilities of Time and U.S. News and subtract the probability of readers of both:
P(Times ∪ U.S. News & World Report) =
P(Times) + P(U.S. News & World Report) - P(Times ∩ U.S. News & World Report)
P(Times ∪ U.S. News & World Report) = 35% + 40% - 10%
P(Times ∪ U.S. News & World Report) = 65%
A net torque applied to an object causes __________.
a) the moment of inertia of the object to change
b) the object to rotate at a constant rate the angular velocity of
c) the object to change a linear acceleration of the object
Answer: the object to rotate at a constant rate the angular velocity.
Explanation: The torque is the force that a body experiences that causes it rotate around a fixed point. The net torque also referred to as the total total torque causes an object to rotate at a constant rate with a given angular acceleration. The torque is measured about a given rotational axis.
Justin's 4-month-old daughter loves playing with her rattle, but when it rolls out of her crib and onto the floor, she acts as if she doesn't even realize it's gone. According to Piaget, Justin's daughter has not yet developed:
Answer:
She has not yet developed object permanence
Explanation:
A baby develops object permanences when he or she realizes that objects continue to exist even if they are not visible in a specific moment. In this question, Justin's daughter does not yet recognize the existence of the rattle whe she is not playing with it.
She will probably develop object permanence very soon because according to most studies, object permancen develop in kids between 4 and 7 months of age.
Maria told her mother that she was sure she was going to be diagnosed with cancer someday because every news report she heard talked about how the food you eat causes cancer and the electronics you use cause cancer. Which theory explains Maria's belief?
Answer:
The correct answer is: cultivation theory
Explanation:
Cultivation theory, composed by G. Gerbner, studies the long-term effects that television and media has on the audience, specifically on the viewer's attitudes. The main idea of the cultivation theory goes around the notion that TV viewers cultivate attitudes believing that the world created (or reproduced) by TV programs is an accurate depiction of the real world, influencing perceptions of the audience.
Under the Articles of Confederation, a. bicameral legislature was established. b. Congress did not have the power to tax. c. strong executive and judicial branches were established. d. there would be a president of the United States.
Answer:
Congress did not have the power to tax.
Explanation:
The Article of Confederation was written during the war efforts of American colonists against the British crown in 1777. It gave the young nation the name "The United States of America". Although it gave states sovereign power and the Congress having the power to make alliances and maintained armed forces but Congress lacked the power to tax. The fear that central power would lead to exploitation of states kept the Congress weak until the constitution of the United States was formed.
Sharonda realized that her health was declining rapidly, so she decided to spend a few weeks with each of her children and spend quality time with those she loves. Her behavior best fits which stage of Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief model?
Sharonda's behavior aligns with the acceptance stage of Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief model, where an individual has acknowledged their impending death, accepted it as a reality, and focuses on enjoying the remaining time.
Explanation:Sharonda's behavior in response to her declining health best fits the final stage of Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief model, which is acceptance. This model outlines five stages that individuals tend to experience when facing their own death or the death of someone else. These stages are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and finally, acceptance.
The acceptance stage is characterized by coming to terms with the reality of death, viewing it as a natural and inevitable part of life, and making the most of the remaining time. In this stage, individuals often seek to spend quality time with loved ones and settle their affairs. Thus Sharonda spending quality time with her children signifies her reaching the stage of acceptance of her situation.
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The stage of Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief model that Sharonda's behavior best fits is Acceptance.
Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’s stages of grief model consists of five stages: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance. Sharonda's decision to spend quality time with her children and those she loves indicates that she has come to terms with her situation and is accepting of it.
In the Acceptance stage, individuals often find a sense of peace and can make the most of the time they have, which seems to be the case with Sharonda. She is not in denial of her health, nor is she expressing anger, attempting to bargain, or showing signs of depression.
The National Organization for Marriage is a group which travels across the country, condemning homosexuality and advocating against new laws allowing gay marriage. What type of movement are they participating in?
Answer:
Resistance
Explanation:
Homosexuality is the romantic, sexual attraction between the same sex and it also gives a person a sense of identity-based on these attractions. Historically homosexuality is a subject of resistance to the conservative and orthodox groups who rejected the sexual behavior of homosexual as unnatural, declaring it a sin and later mental disorder. Modern society accepts homosexuals as normal people but there is still resistance from the conservative section of society.
burnout __________.A. occurs more often in routine, physically demanding jobs
B. is associated with a lack of work assignments to fill the day
C. occurs more often in the helping professions
D. is associated with excessive feedback from supervisors
Answer:
A. Occurs more often in routine, physically demanding jobs.
Explanation:
At Pixel Inc, all promotions, pay raises, and bonuses are based on employees' attainment of their goals and the extent to which they help the organization reach its objectives. Managers are strictly instructed to disregard irrelevant criteria such as the employee's age, gender, race, and so on when allocating rewards. This is indicative of ________.
Answer:
Distributive Justice
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that this situation is indicative of Distributive Justice. This term refers to a concept that states the equal distribution of goods and the ability to obtain them. In other words it focuses on the fact that every individual should have the same ability to acquire goods. Such as is the case in Pixel Inc, where all bonuses and goods depend on the individuals efforts to achieve the company's goals.
Freud thought that the part of a dream that we remember is a censored version of
Answer:
Unconscious wish fulfillment theory.
Explanation:
According to the unconscious wish fulfillment hypothesis of Sigmund Freud, the dreams are the manifestation of the unconscious desires and aspirations of the person that they are unable to accomplish in their real life or that they think they would never have (Freud, 1961)
Classical conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and a forgets about them. b lays them out in sequence. c shuts down. d anticipates events. e receives a reward.
Answer: D. Anticipates events
Explanation: Classical conditioning is actually a type of learning where a conditioned stimulus, one given under a condition, elicits some unconditional stimulation and becomes associated with that unconditioned stimulus after several repetitions. That unconditional stimulus, prior to these repetitions of conditioned stimuli, had nothing to do. After several repetitions of the conditional stimulus, a conjunction of the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus occurs, whereby the unconditioned stimulus becomes a behavioural response called a conditional response.
In other words, conditioned learning achieves connection, that is, association / associative learning of, previously, unrelated stimuli, and then a certain association is obtained, that is, a response to a particular stimulus. Therefore, conditioning that encourages associative learning acquires learned connections and associations that can predict events, which are actually learned responses to particular stimuli.
Classical conditioning is a learning process where an individual learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. This was illustrated in Pavlov's dog experiment, where dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with food and that sound alone could induce salivation, a conditioned response.
Explanation:Classical conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and anticipates events. This psychological concept was made famous by Ivan Pavlov's dog experiment where he paired the natural reflex of salivating in response to food with the sound of a bell. After repeated pairing, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone, anticipating the presence of food. This is an example of a conditioned response, learned through classical conditioning.
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Stephen recently purchased electronic equipment from Fournotts Corp. The equipment malfunctioned during its first use. If Stephen lodges a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, what bureau will be responsible for taking action against the firm?
Answer:
The Bureau of consumer protectionExplanation:
The Bureau of consumer Protection will take action against Fournotts Corp. The Federal Trade Commissions Bureau of Consumer protection works for the consumer to protect the consumers from deception, fraud and unfair business practises in the marketplace. It collects complaints, conducts investigations and sued the companies that break the law. It also frames to educate the consumers and businesses about their rights and maintains a neutral marketplace.
What are the different types of professionals who diagnose and treat mental disorders? What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist? Between a clinical social worker and a clinical psychologist?
Answer: Psychologists and Psychiatrists
Explanation: Psychologists evaluate behavior and treat disorders taking into consideration how the patient/client perceive his surroundings and acts. Psychiatrists also evaluate behavior and treat disorders but taking into consideration a biological point of view and that is why they use medication, to them, every disorder has its biological origin.
A clinical social worker does a diagnosis based on different social factors where its client is involved.
When a psychologist compares the symptoms an individual is experiencing to the symptoms of various disorders to determine the specific disorder the individual has, the psychologist is concerned with:
a. diagnosis.
b. etiology.
c. prognosis.
d. treatment.
Answer:
Diagnosis
Explanation:
The psychology and the medication are of two different areas to describe in different terms. The medication treatment was passed from practitioners to their students in the form of oral traditional treatment. It was not mattered that someone knows about the treatment or not and how it worked.
There is some particular situation was mention in which some specific treatment was applied to disease to cure. The illness was linked with the cure, so with the medication, the symptoms diagnosis also related to the treatment. First of all the symptoms of the disease identified then cured those symptoms with medication or psychotherapies. Thus psychologist is concerned with the diagnosis.
Dr. Rogers believes that her clients have the free will determine their own destinies, and that her job as a therapist is to help them learn to cope with the inescapable realities of life and death. Dr. Rogers would be best described as a _____________ therapist.
Final answer:
Dr. Rogers is best described as a client-centered therapist, reflecting the humanistic approach to therapy that emphasizes personal growth and self-understanding as key to handling life's challenges.
Explanation:
Dr. Rogers, as described, aligns with the humanistic therapeutic approach known as client-centered therapy, which was developed by psychologist Carl Rogers. In this form of therapy, the therapist provides support and a conducive environment for clients to express themselves freely and to find their own paths to personal growth. This therapeutic style embraces the concept of free will and focuses on the client's ability to navigate life's challenges, including the realities of life and death, through personal understanding and self-actualization rather than through direct advice or interpretation from the therapist.
Which theorist was an American psychologist who pioneered work in moral development? Heavily influenced by the Holocaust, he studied psychology and taught at Harvard. He was famous for researching how people solve moral dilemmas.
Answer:
Lawrence Kohlberg
Explanation:
The theory of moral development is Kohlberg's best known. His theory, like Piaget's, is universalist. It does not affirm the universality of norms, but rather the structures that allow the application of norms in precise contexts and provide criteria for moral judgment. Believes that through an interactive process, all human beings have the capacity to achieve full moral competence, as measured by the paradigm of autonomous morality, or, as Kohlberg prefers, that of post-conventional morality.