Answer:
The correct answer is: b. Auguste Comte
Explanation:
In 19th century, French philosopher, Auguste Comte, first coined the term sociology and defined it as a positive science. By positive science or positivism, Comte meant that sociology, or the study of social groups and structures should be studied in the same way as other natural scientific phenomenon such as light, sound or photosynthesis. He believed that social life and structures can also be studied through, observation, experimentation and statistical analyses.
Auguste Comte coined the term positivism and is considered the father of sociology. He believed that social scientists could study society using the same methods as in natural sciences and that they could work towards societal betterment.
Explanation:The term positivism was coined by Auguste Comte, who is widely considered the father of sociology. Comte originally studied to be an engineer, but later became a pupil of Claude Henri de Rouvroy Comte de Saint-Simon. They both thought that social scientists could study society using the same scientific methods utilized in natural sciences, a philosophy Comte later named positivism. Comte believed in the potential of social scientists to work towards societal betterment. He held that once scholars identified the laws that governed society, sociologists could address problems such as poor education and poverty. His philosophical ideas were described in a series of books called The Course in Positive Philosophy (1830-1842) and A General View of Positivism (1848).
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A researcher leaves a research file in her car while she attends a concert and her car is stolen. The file contains charts of aggregated numerical data from a research study with human subjects, but no other documents. The consent form said that no identifying information would be retained, and the researcher adhered to that component. Which of the following statements best characterizes what occurred? (A) There was neither a violation of privacy nor a breach of confidentiality (B) The subjects' privacy has been violated. (C) Confidentiality of the data has been breached. (D) There was both a violation of privacy and a breach of confidentiality.
The following statements best characterizes about researcher : There was neither a violation of privacy nor a breach of confidentiality. The correct option is A.
In this scenario, based on the information provided, neither a violation of privacy nor a breach of confidentiality has occurred. The researcher adhered to the consent form by not retaining any identifying information of the human subjects. The file that was stolen contained aggregated numerical data, which means that the individual identities of the subjects were not included or compromised.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
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Final answer:
A breach of confidentiality occurred when the research file was stolen, but privacy was not violated because no identifying information was leaked.
Explanation:
The situation described constitutes a breach of confidentiality but not a violation of privacy. Although the stolen file contained aggregated numerical data from a research study with human subjects, no identifying information was retained, adhering to the consent form agreement. Confidentiality refers to the need to protect individual's personal information from being disclosed without their consent, and since no personal data was lost, privacy was maintained. However, because the physical security of the data itself was compromised (the file was stolen), confidentiality has technically been breached. This highlights the importance of maintaining physical security of research data.
Like any 4-month-old, Amy depends on her parents to feed her and to change her diapers. When Amy cries, her devoted parents quickly respond to her needs. According to Erikson, Amy is developing a sense of ________.
Trust
Explanation:Like any 4-month-old, Amy depends on her parents to feed her and to change her diapers. When Amy cries, her devoted parents quickly respond to her needs. According to Erikson, Amy is developing a sense of trust.
The reason why "trust" would be the correct answer because Amy is building trust with her parents.
Amy is developing a sense of trust, due to the fact that she is trusting her parents to change her diapers, feed her, and etc. Amy's parents also complete those tasks very urgently when she's crying.
All in all, she's trusting her parents that they're going to be there to change her diapers and feed her when she needs it.
I hope this helped you out.Good luck on your academics.Have a fantastic day!According to Erik Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, 4-month-old Amy is developing a sense of 'trust' as her parents are responsive and quickly meet her needs. This stage is critical in shaping an individual's overall personality and perception of the world.
Explanation:According to Erik Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, 4-month-old Amy is in the 'trust versus mistrust' stage of her life. In this stage, infants are completely dependent on their caretakers and develop a sense of trust if their needs are quickly met, as in Amy's case. Building this sense of trust allows the infant to see the world as a safe and predictable place.
On the other hand, if the caregiver does not respond adequately, the infant may develop feelings of anxiety, fear, and mistrust. Consequently, in this case, Amy's devoted parents who are quickly responding to her needs are helping her to develop a sense of trust.
It is worth noting that these early experiences with trust and mistrust help shape future stages of Erikson's psychosocial development, ultimately contributing to the formation of an individual's overall personality and perception of the world around them.
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Ellwood & McGraw explain that in indigenous cultures, ________________ rituals for young people "emphasized that the spirits of nature work through the natural processes of the human body."
Answer:
Ellwood & McGraw explain that in indigenous cultures, initiation rituals for young people "emphasized that the spirits of nature work through the natural processes of the human body."
Explanation:
Initiation rituals are rites of passages marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. They could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components. A person being subject of the initiation ceremony in traditional rites is called an initiate.
Your believe that you have received an unfair grade on a paper, but you know that arguing with your professor would do little good. You leave the classroom and angrily throw the paper into the nearest trash can. Steven Lukes would call this the ________ dimension of power.
Answer:
second
Explanation:
Dara is always on the move! She has a hard time sitting still in her desk at school and often has difficulty finding classmates to play with because she misses social cues and is impulsive. Based on this, Dara is most likely to be diagnosed with
(A) Post traumatic stress disorder
(B) Anxiety disorder
(C) dissociative disorder
(D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Answer:
(D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Explanation:
In general, ADHD begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. It can contribute to low self-esteem, troubled relationships, and difficulty in school or work.
Symptoms might include inattention and hyperactivity.
Treatments usually include medications and psychotherapy.
A book detailing the migration and resettlement of the Irish all over the world as a result of the potato famine in the late 1800s is a part of _____ histories.
Answer:
diasporic
Explanation:
Diaspora is a noun originating from the Greek term "diasporá", which means dispersal of peoples for political, environmental or religious reasons. This word serves to describe any ethnic or religious community that lives scattered or outside its place of origin.
For this reason, a book detailing the migration and resettlement of the Irish around the world as a result of the potato famine in the late 19th century is part of diasporic histories.
The book detailing the migration and resettlement of the Irish due to the potato famine in the late 1800s is part of Diaspora Histories. This phenomenon was a result of the Irish Potato Famine that led to mass emigration and significant challenges faced by the immigrants in their new societies.
Explanation:The book you're referring to that details the migration and resettlement of the Irish all over the world as a result of the potato famine in the late 1800s is part of Diaspora Histories. The term 'diaspora' here refers to the movement and dispersal of large ethnic groups from their homelands for a variety of reasons. In case of the Irish, this diaspora was largely influenced by the Irish Potato Famine of 1845 which led to mass famine and emigration. The Irish immigrants predominantly resettled in the East Coast of the United States where they faced significant discrimination due to their Roman Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant society.
Although faced with a tremendous amount of challenge and adversity, Irish newcomers and their descendants slowly established themselves in various roles such as politicians, business owners, and police officers over time. This particular account of history highlights the risks of low crop diversity, as the famine was a direct result of the susceptibility of the single type of potato grown in Ireland to potato blight, demonstrating the consequences of an over-reliance on a single crop.
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"i'll eat just as soon as i warsh up," said leon. "warsh" is an example of leon's error in
Answer:
not using standard pronunciation.
Explanation:
I think it was supposed to say "wash up"
Instead of saying, "You're making me angry," say, "I'm getting angry." Instead of saying, "You hurt my feelings," say, "I feel hurt when you do that." These are examples of ________ .
Answer: Accepting responsibility for your feelings
Explanation: The fact that every action has its consequence is what is learned from early childhood. With the growing up and the complexity of living conditions and relationships and environments, this fact is slowly shifting into oblivion. Then we tend to blame others often for our own feelings, which may also be the result of some of our previous actions.
Yet there are people who understand the connection between action and consequence and are willing to accept responsibility for their own feelings. It is true that external events triggered our feelings, but their cause, that is why we feel that way, is certainly within us.
Answer:
What he said.
Explanation:
Nicole is a 30-year-old lawyer who holds very conservative views. She always votes the straight Republican ticket in every election. At a New Year’s Eve party, she meets Frank who is also a 30-year-old lawyer but who holds very liberal views. He tells Nicole that he would never think of voting for a Republican candidate. Based on the research, you should predict that Nicole will
Answer:
Nicole is a 30-year-old lawyer who holds very conservative views. She always votes the straight Republican ticket in every election. At a New Year’s Eve party, she meets Frank who is also a 30-year-old lawyer but who holds very liberal views. He tells Nicole that he would never think of voting for a Republican candidate. Based on the research, you should predict that Nicole will dislike Frank because he supports opposing points of view.
Explanation:
Nicole is born and raised republican so she won't have an "open-minded" attitude towards Frank.
When Anna begins dating someone, she usually falls madly in love. However, her intense emotions are short-lived, and she quickly develops a strong dislike for the other person. Additionally, Anna reports feeling very lonely and empty even though she is always meeting people. Anna is most likely suffering from _____ personality disorder.
Answer:
The correct answer would be, Borderline Personality Disorder.
Explanation:
A Borderline Personality Disorder is a mental disorder in which the person suffering from this disorder has problems functioning in everyday life. The person has self image issues, he finds it difficult to manage his moods, emotions and behaviors. He has a series of unstable relationships. The concepts of the person about himself and others change drastically.
So in this question, Anna has unstable relationships, unstable emotions which ranges from love to hate within a short period of time. So she is surely suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder.
True or false? According to Ariely's studies, people who are less attractive do not "settle" but instead come to appreciate characteristics other than physical attractiveness in their partners. True False
Answer:
This is a True Statement
Explanation:
This is True. Ariely conducted a study to see if the statement in the question was true or not. After seeing the results she came to the conclusion that Less attractive people seem to have adapted and showed towards caring more about certain attributes such as intelligence, humor and kindness. While highly attractive people only wanted to meet and date other highly attractive people without giving much consideration to personality and internal traits.
I hope this answered your question. If you have any more questions feel free to ask away at Brainly.
Final answer:
The statement is true; research indicates that while physical attractiveness is significant initially, people tend to value personality traits and emotional connections more over time in determining partner attractiveness.
Explanation:
True or false? According to Ariely's studies, people who are less attractive do not "settle" but instead come to appreciate characteristics other than physical attractiveness in their partners. The statement is true. Studies, including those by Ariely, suggest that while physical attractiveness plays a significant role in initial attraction, other factors such as personality traits, common interests, and emotional connections become more important over time in determining attractiveness and partner selection. This perspective aligns with the matching hypothesis, which proposes that individuals seek partners who are roughly equivalent in terms of physical attractiveness and social desirability. Furthermore, as individuals get to know each other, likable personality characteristics can become a better predictor of perceived attractiveness than physical features alone. This shift from a focus on physical to non-physical attributes reflects a deeper understanding of interpersonal attraction and the qualities that contribute to sustainable, fulfilling relationships.
Carol's dog Buffy runs away and she immediately makes "Lost Dog" posters to post around her neighborhood. The poster promises a $100 reward for the return of Buffy. Carol does not see him when she is leaving, but as she leaves her house to put up the posters, Sam is coming down her street with Buffy in the back seat. Sam never saw a poster. Sam leaves Buffy on Carol's front porch, humanely tied to door knob. If Sam returns to get a reward after he sees one of the posters Carol has posted, Carol would have to pay him because she made the reward offer in the poster. True or False?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Because she did put it and he did help, I don't think anything else matters, and in her heart she would probably pay him.
Ever since she was 3 weeks old, Emily has been a contented baby who has slept and eaten well and adapted easily to new experiences. A developmental psychologist would probably describe Emily's temperament as:
Answer: A developmental psychologist would probably describe Emily's temperament as Easy.
Explanation:
Developmental psychologists specialize in analyzing the stages of development that human beings go through. Temperament is a biological component of our personality, we are born with a defined temperament that manifests itself more or less stable throughout our lives.
In babies, it is possible to identify three different types of temperament; the easy, the difficult and slow-to-warm-up.
The easy children are those who easily adapt routines and their surroundings, the difficult children do not regularly adapt routines and react negatively to changes in their environment, and slow-to-warm-up children have a temperament similar to easy children, however, their reactions tend to be slower and with less intensity.
I hope this information can help you.
Emily's contented nature and adaptability since infancy would classify her with an easy temperament, according to developmental psychologists Thomas and Chess. Temperament has a biological basis but is influenced by the environment and maturation.
This temperament type is part of a classification system devised by Thomas and Chess (1977), which includes three categories: easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. Babies like Emily who sleep and eat well and adapt quickly are considered easy because they tend to be calm, maintain positive moods, and are generally agreeable to new experiences. It's important to note that while temperament is believed to have a biological basis, environmental factors and maturation greatly contribute to how a child's personality develops and is expressed over time.
Frank and Gina are looking at an abstract painting in a museum. Gina describes objects and people she thinks she sees in the painting. Frank says, "It's a bunch of paint thrown on a canvas." Gina responds, "No, there is so much here that you just don't see." During lunch, they agree that their experience reminds them of what concept they learned in introductory psychology?
Answer: the concept is projective testing
Explanation:
In Psychology, projective testing is designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into this kind of evaluation.
Final answer:
Frank and Gina's experience with an abstract painting exemplifies Gestalt psychology concepts, which suggest that the brain perceives entire patterns or forms rather than just individual components. Their different interpretations highlight the interactive nature of viewing abstract art like Abstract Expressionism or Minimalism.
Explanation:
The concept that Frank and Gina's experience with abstract art reminds them of is likely Gestalt psychology. This area of psychology posits that the human brain tends to perceive objects as part of a greater whole and that this perception is not merely the sum of sensory inputs but involves a higher level of cognitive understanding. This concept is evident in their differing interpretations of the abstract painting - whereas Gina is able to perceive objects and form meanings beyond the chaotic appearance (figure-ground studies), Frank sees just the physical aspect of the paint on the canvas.
Abstract Expressionism and other movements like Minimalism challenge traditional notions of meaning in art. They suggest that the artistic value of a piece can exist in the viewer's perception, independent of representational imagery. Artists within these movements, such as Frankenthaler, employed techniques that emphasized the physical and formal elements of painting rather than clear representational content, inviting viewers like Gina to find their unique interpretations.
A student has never been very good at math and is struggling in his algebra course; additionally, this student is pressured by his parents to work more hours at a job rather than do homework. What issues does the student experience?
Answer:
Role strain about getting good grades and role conflict about working more hours.
Explanation:
The student is struggling in his algebra course and his parents are forcing him to work rather than do homework.
Final answer:
A high school student struggles with algebra due to a combination of employment responsibilities, lack of home resources like a computer, and a rigid education system not tailored to the needs of students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Explanation:
The student in question is experiencing academic challenges in their algebra course due to a lack of time and support for schoolwork, influenced by the necessity of contributing to the family's income and a challenging home environment. These challenges are compounded by their social class and the demands of their job, which restricts their available study time and may lead to fatigue and strained motivation. Without the resources such as a personal computer and sufficient rest, the student is placed at a disadvantage compared to peers who have more support and resources. The education system, which often favors those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, may not account for the unique struggles faced by working-class students, thereby creating an unequal playing field that can hinder academic success and future opportunities.
Marsha is a talented speaker and she has developed a level of comfort with speaking such that she is able to compose her speaking notes on napkins while drinking her morning coffee. During an hour-long speech she gave recently, Marsha felt confident in her points but noticed her audience's attention waning after her introduction. Which of the following options should Marsha have written to distribute to her audience in addition to her speaking notes? (A) Formal outline (B) Brochures (C) full report (D) Question list
Answer:
(A) Formal outline
Explanation:
Public speaking is difficult for many people, but as training goes on, it develops into a common routine. This seems to be the case with Marsha, who can lecture for an hour without formally preparing the material.
However, beyond the disinhibition, public speaking requires holding the public's attention to your talk. This way, if you do some planning, things should flow better. One of the ways that are considered most effective is to formally outline the content of the lecture, placing topics and key points that will be discussed.
What do the colors of the american flag symbolize?
What the colors of the American Flag stand for:
Red - Hardiness and valour.
White - Purity and innocence.
Blue - Vigilance, perseverance & justice.
The American flag's colors symbolize hardiness and valor (red), purity and innocence (white), and vigilance and justice (blue), and are often used to convey patriotism. The interpretation of colors is subjective and varies across different cultures and personal experiences. Symbolism in flags, like Mississippi's, reflects social and political histories and changes over time.
Explanation:The colors of the American flag have specific meanings which have evolved over time. Traditionally, red symbolizes hardiness and valor, white signifies purity and innocence, and blue represents vigilance, perseverance, and justice. However, these associations can be arbitrary and are often influenced by cultural or historical contexts. Adding the red, white, and blue American flag to various items can suggest patriotism and national pride.
Color symbolism can also be influential in conveying certain emotions or political messages. For instance, the use of a yellow ribbon typically symbolizes support for military troops. In terms of political symbols, the old Mississippi state flag included elements that reflected its history of secession and racism, which was eventually replaced to symbolize a break from that past and an emphasis on unity and a tribute to indigenous populations.
It is important to recognize that the interpretation of colors and symbols can vary significantly among different cultures and personal experiences. The emotional response to colors can be quite powerful and can be utilized to suggest specific moods or represent various ideas in both literature and art.
Temperatures have persisted below freezing levels in Florida throughout the months of December and January. As a result, demand for electricity sharply increased and the price of electricity rose sharply. The price of coal also rose. In these circumstances, any resulting shifts in the supply curves for coal miners and electricity producers
(A) will determine what price to produce at given the market demand.
(B) can also be interpreted as shifts of their respective marginal cost curves.
(C) at all levels of output shift marginal costs to the right.
(D) shift marginal costs to the right enabling both to produce more at any given market price.
Answer:
(B) can also be interpreted as shifts of their respective marginal cost curves.
Explanation:
Marginal Cost represents the total cost increase that occurs when the quantity of goods produced is increased by one unit (or the total cost reduction after the reduction by one unit in the quantity produced). By the Law of Decreasing Marginal Income, Marginal Costs are increasing as more units of good are produced because, from a certain point, to get one more unit produced it is necessary to add more and more units of the productive factor.
With this, we can conclude that the resulting changes in supply curves for coal miners and electricity producers in relation to increased demand for these goods can also be interpreted as changes in their respective marginal cost curves.
The shifts in the supply curves for coal miners and electricity producers can be interpreted as shifts of their respective marginal cost curves. These shifts enable both coal miners and electricity producers to produce more at any given market price.
Explanation:In this scenario, the persistent below freezing temperatures in Florida have increased the demand for electricity, causing the price of electricity to rise. As a result, the price of coal, a key input in electricity production, also rises. These changes in the market conditions would lead to shifts in the supply curves for coal miners and electricity producers.
(B) These shifts can be interpreted as shifts of their respective marginal cost curves. A shift in costs of production that increases marginal costs at all levels of output will cause the supply curves of both coal miners and electricity producers to shift to the right, shifting the marginal cost curves of these firms upward and to the left.
(D) This will result in a shift of marginal costs to the right, enabling both coal miners and electricity producers to produce more at any given market price.
Xander is a newspaper reporter who uses a high frequency of personal pronouns such as we, our, and us in his articles. Based on this, you might predict that Xander would score high on the Big Five trait:
Answer: extraversion
Explanation: the Big Five Personality traits are: Neuroticism, Openess, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Extraversion.
In this case Xander is definitely an extrovert as he uses terms like we, our, us to communicate ideas.
Xander's frequent use of personal pronouns suggests that he would score high on the Big Five trait of extroversion.
Explanation:Based on Xander's frequent use of personal pronouns such as we, our, and us in his articles, it can be predicted that Xander would score high on the Big Five trait of extroversion. Extroversion is characterized by sociability, assertiveness, excitement-seeking, and emotional expression, traits that are often reflected in the use of first-person pronouns in writing. People who score high on extroversion are usually described as outgoing and warm.
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When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in
Answer:
When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in the bystander effect.
The student's reaction most clearly illustrates the bystander effect, which is the phenomenon of a bystander not helping a person in distress. It occurs due to the diffusion of responsibility.
Explanation:The student's reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in the bystander effect. The bystander effect is a phenomenon in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress. It occurs because of the diffusion of responsibility, where individuals assume that someone else will step up and help. In this case, Jamilah saw several adults passing by the old man without offering help, which influenced his decision not to help as well.
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Homeostasis typically relies on negative feedback because positive feedback _______
Answer: Homeostasis depends on the ability of your body to detect and oppose these changes.
Explanation:
Brown and Jenkins (1968) trained pigeons to approach and eat grain whenever a food hopper was presented. After the birds were magazine-trained, they turned on a key light before the grain was delivered. The birds started to orient and move towards the lighted disk. Eventually, the pigeons began to strike the key. This is called:
(A) shaping
(B) response induction
(C) autoshaping
(D) auto-sign-tracking
Answer:
(C) autoshaping.
Explanation:
Autoshaping refers to a variety of experimental procedures used in classical conditioning. Autoshaping takes place when a reinforcer is paired with a stimulus. This stimulus is independent of the subject initially. This changes when the subject makes a response to the stimulus. From then on, the reinforcer is contingent on the response to the stimulus, thus bringing it under operant control.
Which country hosts the largest 4th of july celebrations outside of the usa?
Answer:
Denmark
Explanation:
Denmark is the country that hosts the largest 4th of July celebrations outside of the United States! People know this celebration to be called the Rebild Festival.
The first duty of ICS leadership is the safety of all personnel involved in an incident or a planned event. A. TRUE B. FALSE
Answer:
The first duty of ICS leadership is the safety of all personnel involved in an incident or a planned event.: TRUE-A.
In the Incident Command System (ICS), the first duty of leadership is to ensure the safety of all personnel involved in an incident or planned event. It is true that the safety of personnel is the ICS leadership's primary concern.
Explanation:The ICS, or Incident Command System, is a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of emergency response. Its purpose is to provide a common hierarchy within which responders from multiple agencies can be effective. So, the statement is TRUE. The first duty of ICS leadership is indeed the safety of all personnel involved in an incident or a planned event. This is necessary to ensure an effective, efficient response, prevent injuries or loss of life, and maintain operational integrity.
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As you approach a steep uphill grade in the mountains, __________.A. shift to neutralB. shift to a lower gearC. increase your speedD. push hard on the brakes
Answer:
B. shift to a lower gear
Explanation:
Gears are meant to produce different levels of force when connecting the car and the tires, and this creates the movement of the car, you need different kinds of output torques when changing gears, the initial gears produce more torque to set the car from a stand position into movement, the later gears produce less torque but more revolutions to create more speed, so when going up hill you will need more torque than before because the force necessary to go up is larger than in a flat surface, so you would need to shift to a lower gear.
As you approach a steep uphill grade in the mountains, the correct action would be to shift to a lower gear (option B).
Shifting to a lower gear allows the engine to generate more power and torque, which helps the vehicle maintain momentum and climb the hill more effectively.
This provides the necessary mechanical advantage to overcome the increased resistance and gradient of the uphill slope. Shifting to neutral (option A) or increasing speed (option C) would not be appropriate or safe in this situation. Pushing hard on the brakes (option D) is also not recommended as it can cause overheating and brake failure.
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Which state gives each of its residents $1
What is the tallest monument in the u.S.?
Answer:
The Gateway arch
Explanation:
Answer:Gateway Arch
Explanation:its taller than every other monument in the u.s.
A researcher conducts a focus group to learn about attitudes towards hygiene and disease prevention. Two weeks after the focus group, the researcher learns one of the subjects had a heart attack at home and was hospitalized, but made a full recovery. Based on HHS regulations, should the researcher report this event to the IRB?
Answer:No, this does not need to be reported because it was assessed by the researcher as unrelated to the research study.
Explanation:
The heart attack might not necessarily be unexpected or related to participation in the hygiene focus group study, thus, it may not qualify for IRB reporting according to HHS regulations. Nevertheless, for maintaining participant safety and ethical conduct of research, the researcher should consider consulting with the IRB.
Explanation:The scenario provided falls into a gray area regarding HHS regulations and IRB reporting, as it is not directly related to the research. Generally, according to Institutional Review Board (IRB) regulations, researchers must report any unanticipated problems that could potentially increase the risks to the research participants and others. These include adverse events that are serious and unexpected and have some reasonable possibility of being related to participation in the study. Heart attacks could be serious adverse events, but this case might not necessarily be unexpected or related to participation in the focus group study about hygiene. Thus, it may not qualify for IRB reporting under HHS regulations. But, to maintain a commitment to ensuring participant safety and the ethical conduct of research, it would be advisable for the researcher to consult with the IRB.
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Suppose a single random sample of workers in a factory is exposed to five different reward systems in succession, with each system being used for one month. What is the name of the threat that reminds researchers that the research results for the last reward system may not generalize to the population of workers?
Answer:
Multiple treatment interference.
Explanation:
Multiple treatment interference is the name of the threat that reminds researchers that the research results for the last reward system may not generalize to the population of workers. This is because of multiple treatment interference threatens the internal validity of an experimental or quasi-experimental design. There is difficulty in assigning variance to one of the reward systems.
By allowing an income-tax deduction for charitable contributions, the government ____ (A) encourages a private solution to a particular negative-externality problem..(B) discourages a private solution to a particular negative-externality problem.(C) discourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem.(D) encourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem.
Answer: the correct answer is D) encourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem.
Explanation: it encourages a private solution because the government reduces taxes if private companies donate to charities. Donating to charities is a positive externality because it contributes to the common welfare of a country.
The income-tax deduction for charitable contributions encourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem by incentivizing individuals to donate more, thereby addressing issues that benefit the public.
By allowing an income-tax deduction for charitable contributions, the government encourages a private solution to a particular positive-externality problem. This is because a positive externality occurs when an activity provides benefits to third parties not directly involved in the transaction. In this case, the charitable contributions likely benefit the public, such as donations to educational organizations or those that fight poverty. The income-tax deduction incentivizes individuals to donate more to charity, thus potentially solving problems that create positive externalities in society, like education and well-being, that the market might under-provide.