Final answer:
A) Tinfoil, which is made of aluminum, does not decompose as it is not an organic material. Plastic water bottles and milk cartons can take significant time to decompose due to their plastic components, while lumber, being organic, does decompose naturally.
Explanation:
The object that does not decompose among the ones listed is A) Tinfoil. Decomposition is a process that typically involves the breakdown of organic material by microorganisms. Tinfoil, which is made of aluminum, is not an organic material and thus does not decompose in the same way organic substances, like lumber, do. A plastic water bottle can take a very long time to decompose, often hundreds of years, but it can eventually break down, although not as readily as organic materials. A milk carton typically contains both paper, which is organic and degradable, and a plastic lining, which can take a considerable amount of time to decompose. As such, milk cartons often have components that can degrade and others that are very resistant to degradation. On the other hand, lumber, which is wood, will decompose over time as it is an organic material.
Question 4 the compound sodium sulfate is soluble in water. when this compound dissolves in water, which ion listed below would be present in solution? s2- na22+ o2- so42- none of the above
Answer:
[tex]SO_4^-[/tex]
Explanation:
The sodium sulfate compound corresponds to a water soluble salt.
When a salt dissolves it will dissociate into the ions that compose it.
It dissociates into Cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions)
Sodium sulfate formula
[tex]Na_2SO_4[/tex]
Sodium sulfate when dissolved in water
[tex]Na_2SO_4\stackrel{H_2O}{\longrightarrow} 2Na^+SO_4^-[/tex]
Ions present in the solution:
[tex]Na^+[/tex] Cation
[tex]SO_4^-[/tex] Anion
The molality of a solution containing 8.1 moles of solute in 4847 g of solvent is ____.
Answer:
1.67m
Explanation:
What is the periodic trend in atomic size and electronegativity as you move from left to right on the?
How many grams of cacl2 are needed to make 713.9 g of a solution that is 29.0% (m/m) calcium chloride in water? note that mass is not technically the same thing as weight, but % (m/m) has the same meaning as % (w/w)?
What was the action between the 2 atoms in an ionically bonded compound that caused that ionic bond to form in the first place? mutual electrons interlocked attraction between electron cloud of one atom and nucleus of the other opposite ions attracted each other sharing of outer shell electrons
Answer:
opposite ions attract
If 5.25 mL of an unknown HCl sample was titrated with 25.3 mL of a 0.00100 M solution of NaOH to its equivalence point, what is the initial concentration of the acid?
4.64 × 10^-3 M
2.08 × 10^-2 M
4.82 × 10^-3 M
8.28 × 10^-4 M
if hydrogen temperature goes from 50 tp 75 degrees Celsius in 22g sample, how much heat was used? Give explanation!
A.15,730 J
B.23,595 J
C.7865 J
D.550 J
During _____, bonds between monomers are broken by adding water.
A.
hydrolysis
B.
polymerization
C.
dehydration synthesis
D.
carbohydrate loading
Josh is studying pH calculations and tests a basic solution with a pH meter. He finds that the solution has a pH equal to 9.2. What is the pOH of the solution? A) 2.5 B) 4.8 C) 9.6 D) 10.2
An atom of which element has the strongest attraction for the electrons in a bond?
a.aluminum
b.carbon
Carbon generally has a higher electronegativity than aluminum, so a carbon atom has a stronger attraction for bonding electrons.
The strength of an atom's attraction for the electrons in a bond is measured by its electronegativity. Among the elements listed, carbon generally has a higher electronegativity than aluminum, which means that an atom of carbon will typically have a stronger attraction for the electrons in a bond. The concept of electronegativity is crucial in understanding the behavior of atoms in different chemical compounds and their ability to attract bonding electrons.
One difference between strong bases and weak bases is 1. strong bases can neutralize more acid than weak bases. 2. strong bases release more hydroxide ions than weak bases. 3. only strong bases can be amphiprotic. 4. weak bases dissociate completely; strong bases do not. 5. strong bases dissociate completely; weak bases do not.
Identify two cost effective ways society can use to prevent further destruction of the ozone layer. Explain your answer.
You have two containers of equal volume. one is full of helium gas. the other holds an equal mass of nitrogen gas both gases have the same pressure how does thegas. bothgaseshavethesamepressure. howdoesthetemperature of the helium compare to the temperature of the nitrogen?
Let's assume that both He and N₂ have ideal gas behavior.
Then we can use ideal gas law,
PV = nRT
Where, P is the pressure of gas, V is the volume,
n is moles of gas, R is universal gas constant and T is the temperature in
Kelvin.
The P and V are same for the
both gases.
R is a
constant.
The only variables are n and T.
Let's say temperature of He is T₁ and temperature of N₂ is T₂.
n = m/M where n is
moles, m is mass and M is molar mass.
Molar mass of He is 4 g/mol and molar mass of N₂ is 28 g/mol
Since mass (m) of both gases are same,
moles of He = m/4
moles of N₂ = m/28
Let's apply the ideal gas equation for both gases.
For He gas,
PV = (m/4)RT₁ (1)
For N₂ gas,
PV = (m/28)RT₂ (2)
(1) = (2)
(m/4)RT₁ =
(m/28)RT₂
T₁/4
= T₂/28
T₁ = T₂/7
7T₁ = T₂
Hence, the
temperature of N₂ gas is higher by 7
times than the temperature of He gas.
Given the same mass and pressure, the temperature of the helium would be the same as the temperature of nitrogen. This is due to the ideal gas law, which connects the variables of pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas.
Explanation:The temperature of the helium would be the same as the temperature of nitrogen, given that the quantities (in terms of mass) are the same and they are at the same pressure. This follows from the ideal gas law which states that pressure is directly proportional to temperature and the number of moles of the gas, and inversely proportional to volume. Considering this in context, helium and nitrogen have different molar masses. For a given mass, there will be more moles of helium (which has a lower molar mass) than of nitrogen (which has a higher molar mass). Therefore, if the mass, volume, and pressure are held constant, the temperature for equal masses of the two gases will also be constant. More moles of gas does not mean a higher temperature, contrary to what one might intuitively think.
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Equal volumes of 1 molar hydrochloric acid (hcl) and 1 molar sodium hydroxide base (naoh) are mixed. after mixing, the solution will be:
Question 5 why does grinding solid crystals increase the rate of dissolving for a solid solute in water? smaller crystals are more polar. smaller crystals are more nonpolar. smaller crystals have more energy. smaller crystals have more surface area. none of the above
Suppose you wanted to find out how many milliliters of 1.0 m agno3 are needed to provide 169.9 g of pure agno3? what is step 1 in solving the problem? calculate moles agno3 needed what is the molar mass of agno3? 169.87 g/mol how many milliliters of solution are needed?
You need 1000 milliliters of a 1.0 M AgNO3 solution to provide 169.9 g of pure AgNO₃.
Step 1: Calculate the moles of AgNO₃ needed. To do this, use the given molar mass of AgNO₃, which is 169.87 g/mol.
Moles = mass / molar mass
Moles of AgNO₃ = 169.9 g / 169.87 g/mol = 1.000 mol
Step 2: Determine the volume of the 1.0 M AgNO₃ solution required to obtain 1.000 mol of AgNO₃.
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
Rearranging the formula to solve for volume (liters):
Volume (L) = moles of solute / Molarity
Volume (L) = 1.000 mol / 1.0 M = 1.000 liters
Since the question asks for the volume in milliliters:
Volume (mL) = Volume (L) * 1000
Volume (mL) = 1.000 L * 1000 = 1000 mL
Therefore, you need 1000 milliliters of a 1.0 M AgNO₃ solution to provide 169.9 g of pure AgNO₃.
Nitrogen is available to plants mostly in the form of _____. nitrogen in the atmosphere nitrite ions in the soil uric acid from animal excretions nucleic acids from decomposing plants and animals nitrate and ammonium ions in the soil
Plants primarily obtain nitrogen from soil in the forms of nitrates (NO₃⁻) and ammonium ions (NH₄), which become available through the processes of nitrogen fixation and nitrification by certain bacteria.
Nitrogen is available to plants mostly in the form of nitrate and ammonium ions in the soil. Atmospheric nitrogen, which composes 78% of the air, is not directly usable by plants due to its strong triple bonds. Through the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is converted into biologically available forms.
One such process is nitrogen fixation, where free-living or symbiotic bacteria, such as Rhizobium in legume roots, convert gaseous nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). This ammonia can become ammonium (NH₄) and is then available for plant uptake, or it can be further processed by nitrifying bacteria into nitrites (NO₂⁻) and subsequently into nitrates (NO₃⁻), which are absorbed by plant roots.
The availability of ammonia and nitrates in the soil is crucial for plants to synthesize essential compounds like proteins and nucleic acids, making nitrogen a limiting nutrient for plant growth.
An atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. another isotope of the same element might have
Answer:It might have 10 neutrons
Reason: This is because an isotope of the same element must have the same number of electrons and protons so it can be assumed that the amount of neutrons can be changed.
Why are hydrogen molecules called elements but water molecules are called compounds?
A polar covalent bond will form between which two atoms?
a. beryllium and fluorine (group 1 and group 7)
b. hydrogen and chlorine (group 7)
c. sodium and oxygen (group 1 and group 6)
d. fluorine and fluorine (group 7)
Types of Bonds can be predicted by calculating the difference in electronegativity.
If, Electronegativity difference is,
Less than 0.4 then it is Non Polar Covalent
Between 0.4 and 1.7 then it is Polar Covalent
Greater than 1.7 then it is Ionic
For Be and F,
E.N of Fluorine = 3.98
E.N of Beryllium = 1.57
________
E.N Difference 2.41 (Ionic Bond)
For H and Cl,
E.N of Chorine = 3.16
E.N of Hydrogen = 2.20
________
E.N Difference 0.96 (Polar Covalent Bond)
For Na and O,
E.N of Oxygen = 3.44
E.N of Sodium = 0.93
________
E.N Difference 2.51 (Ionic Bond)
For F and F,
E.N of Fluorine = 3.98
E.N of Fluorine = 3.98
________
E.N Difference 0.00 (Non-Polar Covalent Bond)
Result:
A polar covalent bond is formed between Hydrogen and Chlorine atoms.
When the ph of the extracellular fluid declines, the kidneys?
Dalton theorized that matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. In what way did the theories of each
of these scientists support or differ from Dalton's theory? K/U
(a) J. J. Thomson
(b) Ernest Rutherford
(c) James Chadwick
Final answer:
J. J. Thomson discovered electrons, Ernest Rutherford found protons, and James Chadwick discovered neutrons, all of which conflicted with Dalton's theory of indivisible atoms.
Explanation:
Dalton's Atomic Theory stated that matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms. However, subsequent scientists' discoveries supported or differed from Dalton's theory in the following ways:
J. J. Thomson discovered the existence of negatively charged particles called electrons, which Dalton's theory did not account for.Ernest Rutherford proposed that electrons orbit a positive nucleus and discovered the presence of positively charged particles called protons in the nucleus. This also conflicted with Dalton's belief in indivisible atoms.James Chadwick further expanded atomic theory by discovering the existence of neutral particles called neutrons, which Dalton had no knowledge of.The concentration of the stock solution she needs is 100 milli molar (mm) and she needs to make 1.2 milli liters (ml) solution of the drug-a. the drug is available in a salt form with a molecular weight of 181.6 grams / mole. what is the amount (quantity in grams) of drug-a will she have to weigh-out in order to make the stock solution
Blank c2h4 + blank o2 → blank co2 + blank h2o how many moles of o2 are in the chemical equation when balanced using the lowest whole numbers
The
reaction is
C₂H₄ +
O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
To balance the equation, both side have same
number of elements. Here,
In left hand side has in right hand side has
4 H atoms 2 H atoms
2 C atoms 1 C atom
2 O atoms 3 O
atoms
First, we have to balance number of C atoms and number of H atoms in both side.
To balance C atoms, '2' should be added before CO₂ and to balance H atoms, '2' should be added
before H₂O.
Then number of oxygen atoms is 2 x 2 + 2 = 6 in right hand side. So, 3 should be
added before O₂ in left hand side.
After balancing the equation should be,
C₂H₄ + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 2H₂O
Which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end to end in long chains, to form a polypetide chain?
How many moles and grams of NaOH are needed to dissolve in water to make 4 liters of a 2.0M solution?
Consider this reaction: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g).
Which combination of factors will affect the rate of the reaction?
Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction in the context of a specific reaction equation.
The factors that affect the rate of the reaction Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g) include:
Catalyst: Adding a catalyst can increase the rate of the reaction.
Surface area: Grinding the zinc solid into a fine powder increases its surface area, enhancing the reaction rate.
Concentration and Temperature: Increasing the concentration of HCl or raising the temperature can also speed up the reaction.
identify the type of molecule shown in the picture
The molecule containing a special group attached to its side chain is a fundamental group. The molecules are acid, ether, ester, aldehyde, ketone, amine, and alcohol.
What are functional groups?Functional groups are the specialized molecules that are attached to the main chain and vary the chemical and physical properties of the compound. The molecule containing hydroxide is acid, and the single oxygen atom is ether.
Compound with double-bonded oxygen to alkyl or aromatic group is ester, carbonyl group on carbon with hydrogen and R group is an aldehyde, carbonyl group attached to carbon-containing two alkyl or aromatic groups is a ketone.
The Amine group includes an aromatic or an alkyl group attached to two hydrogens of the nitrogen atom. The alcohol group is the attachment of the -OH group to a carbon-containing hydrogen and R group.
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When a 30.98-g sample of phosphorus reacts with oxygen, a 71.00-g sample of phosphorus oxide is formed. What is the percent composition of the compound? What is the empirical formula for this compound?
Answer:- P = 43.63% and O = 56.37% and the empirical formula is [tex]P_2O_5[/tex]
Solution:- mass of Phosphorous = 30.98 g
mass of product(phosphorous oxide) = 71.00 g
mass of oxygen = 71.00 - 30.98 = 40.02 g
percentage of phosphorous in the compound = (30.98/71.00)100 = 43.63%
percentage of oxygen in the compound = (40.02/71.00)100 = 56.37%
moles of P = 30.98 g x ( 1mol/30.97 g) = 1.00 mol
moles of O = 40.02 g x (1 mol/ 16.00 g) = 2.50 mol
Ratio of moles of P to O is 1.00:2.50
The whole number ratio is 2:5
So, the empirical formula of the phosphorous oxide formed is [tex]P_2O_5[/tex]
Answer : The percent composition of P = 43.63 % and O = 53.37 % .
Empirical formula of Phosphorous oxide = P₂O₅
Part A : Percent composition :
It is percent of each element present in compound . It is given by formula :
[tex] Percent composition = \frac{mass of element}{ total mass of compound } * 100 [/tex]
Given : Mass of Phosphorous (P ) = 30.98 g
Mass of Compound Phosphorous oxide = 71.00 g
Mass of Oxygen (O) = mass of compound - mass of P
= 71.00 g - 30.98 g = 40.02 g
[tex] Percent composition of P = \frac{mass of P }{ mass of compound} [/tex][tex] = \frac{30.98 g }{71.00 g} * 100 [/tex]
Percent composition of P = 43.63 %
[tex] Percent composition of O = \frac{mass of Al}{Mass of compound } * 100
= \frac{40.02 g }{71.00 g} * 100 [/tex]
Percent composition of O = 53.37 %
Part B : Empirical formula of Phosphorous Oxide.
Empirical formula is formula which shows the proportion of element present in a compound . Following are the steps to calculate empirical formula of an compound :
Step 1 : Find masses of each element .
Mass of P = 30.98 g
Mass of O = 40.02 g
Step 2 : Conversion of masses of element to its mole .
[tex] Mole = \frac{mass }{molar mass } [/tex]
Given : Mass of P = 30.98 g [tex] Molar mass of P = 30.97 \frac{g}{ mol} [/tex]
[tex] Mole of P = \frac{30.98 g }{30.97\frac{g}{mol} } = 1 mol [/tex]
Given: Mass of O = 40.02 g [tex] Molar mass of O = 15.99\frac{g}{mol} [/tex]
[tex] Mole of O = \frac{40.02 g}{15.99\frac{g}{mol}} = 2.5 mol [/tex]
Step 3 : Finding Ratio of mole .
In this step ratio is found by dividing each mole by smallest mole .Since mole of P is smaller , so this will be used for division.
[tex] Ratio of mole of P= \frac{mole of P }{mole of P } = \frac{1 mol}{1 mol} = 1 [/tex]
[tex] Ratio of mole of O = \frac{ mole of O }{mole of P } = \frac{2.5 }{1 } = 2.5 [/tex]
Hence , Ratio of P : O = 1 : 2.5
Since the ratio is in fraction , it need to be converted to whole number . So we multiply the ratio by such a minimum number which gives us a whole number ratio. This step is skipped if the ratio already comes in whole number.
On multiplication the ratio by 2 :
Ratio of P : O = ( 1 : 2.5 ) * 2 = 1 * 2 : 2.5 * 2
Ratio of P : O = 2 : 5
Step 4 : Writing the empirical formula
The ratio of P and O is 2: 5 , which gives the empirical formula of compound as P₂O₅ .
What is the mole ratio of carbon dioxide to propane (C3H8) in the following equation?C3H8 + 5O2 Imported Asset 3CO2 + 4H2O
The mole ratio of carbon dioxide to propane in the reaction C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O is 3:1. This ratio indicates that for every one mole of propane combusted, three moles of carbon dioxide are produced.
Explanation:The mole ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) to propane (C3H8) in the chemical reaction equation, C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O, is 3:1. This ratio is derived from the coefficients of carbon dioxide and propane in the balanced equation. The coefficient of carbon dioxide is 3 and the coefficient of propane is 1. This means, for every one mole of propane burned, three moles of carbon dioxide are produced.
This ratio is crucial in stoichiometry which deals with the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. In practical applications, such as in combustion reactions or in calculating emissions, knowing this ratio is essential. Hence, understanding this concept is not only important in academic terms but also in real-world scenarios.
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