Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
You should wear goggles whether you are the person performing the experiment or the person watching. Analogy: If someone is using fireworks and they say anyone around should wear ear protection would you wear it if you are next to them?
Related Questions
The equilibrium for the indicator methyl orange is HC14H14SO3(red) + H2O C14H14SO3−(yellow) + H3O+ The reaction is exothermic.
Explain in words, what happens when this is added to an acidic solution.
Answers
Answer:
The solution will turn red.
Explanation:
HC₁₄H₁₄SO₃ + H₂O ⇌ HC₁₄H₁₄SO₃⁻ +H₃O⁺
(red) (yellow)
Methyl orange is a weak acid in which the ionized and unionized forms are distinct colours and are in equilibrium with each other,
At about pH 3.4, the two the forms are present in equal amounts, and the indicator colour is orange.
If you add more acid, you are disturbing the equilibrium.
According to Le Châtelier's Principle, when you apply a stress to a system at equilibrium, it will respond in such a way as to relieve the stress.
The system will try to get rid of the added acid, so the position of equilibrium will move to the left.
More of the unionized molecules will form, so the solution will turn red.
The scientist finds fossilized remains of other species in the same rock layer as the trilobite. What can the scientist conclude about
these other fossils?
Answers
The Organisms that formed them likely lived during the Paleozoic era.
Final answer:
When trilobite fossils are found alongside other species in the same rock layer, a scientist can infer that these organisms lived during the same time period and may have had similar environmental conditions. Trilobites are used as index fossils which can determine the age of the rocks they are in due to their distinct presence in the geological record from 500 to 600 million years ago.
Explanation:
When a scientist discovers fossilized remains of other species in the same rock layer as a trilobite, they can draw some important conclusions. Since trilobites were widespread marine animals that lived between 500 and 600 million years ago, any other fossils found within the same stratum are likely from the same geological period. This is due to the principle of superposition, which states that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom, each layer being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it.
Furthermore, trilobites are known as index fossils because they were widespread, rapidly evolving, and limited in geological time. Therefore, they serve as indicators of the age of the rock layer in which they are found. Discovering other species in conjunction with trilobite fossils suggests that these organisms also lived during the same time period and may have shared similar environments. This can be used to infer that these species are from the same age and geological period as the trilobites.
The study of these fossils can provide invaluable insight into the biodiversity and ecological conditions of prehistoric marine environments. Moreover, these findings contribute to our understanding of evolutionary history and may help to identify patterns of mass extinction or other significant pale ontological events.
If you left a block of dry ice in a bowl at room temperature all day, what would happen to it?
Answers
Answer:
It would evaporate.
Explanation:
If you left it on room temperature it would evaporate.
A battery charger used to recharge the NiMH batteries used in a digital camera can deliver as much as 0.35 A of current. If it takes 145 minutes to recharge one battery, how many g Ni(OH)2 are oxidized to NiO(OH)
Answers
Answer:
The amount that oxidized to NiO(OH) is = 1.46 gm
Explanation:
Given data
Current I = 0.35 A
Time taken = 145 min
We know that charge
Q = I t
Q = 0.35 × 145 × 60
Q = 3045 C
Faraday's constant = 96500 C
No. of moles of electron
[tex]N = \frac{3045}{96500}[/tex]
N = 0.03155
1 mol of [tex]NI(OH)_{2}[/tex] is oxidized by 2 moles of electrons, so no. of moles can be oxidized is
[tex]\frac{0.03155}{2}[/tex] = 0.015775 moles
Now convert this moles into gm by multiplying 92.708 [tex]\frac{gm}{mol}[/tex]
0.015775 × 92.708 = 1.46 gm
Therefore the amount that oxidized to NiO(OH) is = 1.46 gm
What volume of ammonia gas, measured at 547.9 mmHg and 27.6oC, is required to produce 8.98 g of ammonium sulfate according to the following balanced chemical equation? 2NH3(g) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH4)2SO4(s)
Answers
Answer:
4.65 L of NH₃ is required for the reaction
Explanation:
2NH₃(g) + H₂SO₄(aq) → (NH₄)₂SO₄(s)
We determine the ammonium sulfate's moles that have been formed.
8.98 g . 1mol / 132.06 g = 0.068 moles
Now, we propose this rule of three:
1 mol of ammonium sulfate can be produced by 2 moles of ammonia
Therefore, 0.068 moles of salt were produced by (0.068 . 29) / 1 = 0.136 moles of NH₃. We apply the Ideal Gases Law, to determine the volume.
Firstly we do unit's conversions:
27.6°C +273 = 300.6 K
547.9 mmHg . 1 atm / 760 mmHg = 0.721 atm
V = ( n . R . T ) / P → (0.136 mol . 0.082 L.atm/mol.K . 300.6K) / 0.721 atm
V = 4.65 L
Answer:
4.66 L of ammonia gas will be produced
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
The pressure of ammonia gas = 547.9 mmHg = 0.72092116 atm
Temperature = 27.6 °C = 300.75 K
Mass of ammonium sulfate produced = 8.98 gramms
Molar mass of ammonium sulfate = 132.14 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
2NH3(g) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH4)2SO4(s)
Step 3: Calculate moles (NH4)2SO4
Moles (NH4)2SO4 = mass (NH4)2SO4 / molar mass
Moles (NH4)2SO4 = 8.98 grams / 132.14 g/mol
Moles (NH4)2SO4 = 0.0680 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles NH3
For 1 mol (NH4)2SO4 we need 2 moles NH3
For 0.0680 moles (NH4)2SO4 we need 2*0.0680 = 0.136 moles NH3
Step 5: Calculate volume NH4
p*V=n*R*T
V = (n*R*T)/p
⇒with V = the volume of NH3 = TO BE DETERMINED
⇒with n = the number of moles NH3 = 0.136 moles NH3
⇒with R = the gas constant = 0.08206 L*atm/mol*K
⇒with T = the temperature = 300.75 K
⇒with p = the pressure of the gas = 0.72092116 atm
V = (0.136 * 0.08206 * 300.75) / 0.72092116
V = 4.66 L
4.66 L of ammonia gas will be produced
The formation of ClF (chlorine monofluoride) from its elements has an equilibrium constant of 22.3 at room temperature. Which of the following statements is correct if chlorine gas and fluorine gas are mixed at room temperature?
The reaction will form products until equilibrium is established
Products are quickly formed
A negligible amound of ClF is formed
Products are slowly formed
Answers
Answer:
A the reaction will form
Explanation:
A marine biologist is preparing a deep-sea submersible for a dive. The sub stores breathing air under high pressure in a spherical air tank that measures 74.0 wide. The biologist estimates she will need of air for the dive. Calculate the pressure to which this volume of air must be compressed in order to fit into the air tank. Write your answer in atmospheres. Round your answer to significant digits.
Answers
Complete Question
A marine biologist is preparing a deep-sea submersible for a dive. The sub stores breathing air under high pressure in a spherical air tank that measures 74.0 wide. The biologist estimates she will need 2600 L of air for the dive. Calculate the pressure to which this volume of air must be compressed in order to fit into the air tank. Write your answer in atmospheres. Round your answer to significant digits.
Answer:
The pressure required is [tex]P_2= 12.2 \ atm[/tex]
Explanation:
Generally the volume of a sphere is mathematically denoted as
[tex]V_s = \frac{4}{3} * \pi r^3[/tex]
Substituting [tex]r = \frac{d}{2} = \frac{74}{2} = 37cm[/tex]
[tex]V_s = \frac{4}{3} * 3.42 * (37)^2[/tex]
[tex]V_s = 2.121746 *10^5 cm^3[/tex]
Converting to Liters
[tex]V_s = \frac{2.121746 *10^5}{1000}[/tex]
[tex]V_s= 212.1746L[/tex]
Assume that the pressure at which the air is given to the diver is 1 atm when the air was occupying a volume of 2600L
So
From Charles law
[tex]P_1V_1 = P_2 V_s[/tex]
Substituting [tex]V_1 =2600 L[/tex] , [tex]P_1 = 1 atm[/tex] , [tex]V_s =212.1746L[/tex] , and making [tex]P_2[/tex] the subject we have
[tex]P_2 = \frac{P_1 * V_1}{V_s}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{1 * 2600}{212.1746}[/tex]
[tex]P_2= 12.2 atm[/tex]
NEED HELP ASAP!!! I WILL GIVE 100 POINTS!!!
Describe the investigations from the readings that are being conducted to learn more about how much water flows in major rivers around the world. Explain why the researchers think that data from the rivers is related to climate change. Cite facts from the texts in your response.
Need to make at least a 3 paragraph essay. 4 sentences in each paragraph pls.
Heres the article:
BOULDER, Colorado. A new study has revealed that the flow of water from Earth's largest rivers has declined over the past 50 years, due primarily to climate change.
A team of researchers at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, discovered the reduction in water flow after analyzing the discharge from 925 major rivers around the world between 1948 and 2004. Among Earth's dwindling rivers are Asia's Changjiang (or Yangtze), Mekong, Ganges, Irrawaddy, Amur, and Xijiang. Also included are Africa's Congo and Niger rivers and South America's Amazon River. North America's Mackenzie and Columbia rivers are also affected.
Researchers assessed the overall effect of the shrinking rivers on the various oceans into which they drain. They used cubic kilometers as their unit of measurement. The researchers found that the overall trend over the years was a decrease in the rates of discharge. Over the past half-century, they found, the yearly amount of fresh water flowing into the Indian Ocean fell by about 3 percent, or 140 cubic kilometers. The annual river discharge into the Pacific Ocean dropped about 6 percent, or 526 cubic kilometers. Researchers noted that in terms of quantity, the decline in streamflow into the Pacific is equal to shutting off the Mississippi River.
Meanwhile, researchers discovered only a negligible variation in the annual river flow into the Atlantic Ocean. There, decreases in the Amazon River were offset by increases in South America's Parana River and our own Mississippi River. Due to increased rainfall, the Mississippi saw an increase in its flow of more than 22 percent over the period studied.
Aiguo Dai was the study's lead researcher. According to Dai, the only ocean showing a significant increase in the freshwater flow it received was the Arctic Ocean. There, annual river streamflow rose about 10 percent, or 460 cubic kilometers.
According to Dai, the change in river flows is primarily a result of climate change. Earth's warming temperatures have caused flooding in some regions. Other areas have experienced reduced precipitation and droughts. Droughts place even greater demands on the already shrinking rivers. They increase the need for dams and other diversions of river water for agriculture and industry. For example, decreased precipitation and increased water diversion caused a 14 percent reduction in the flow in the northwestern U.S.'s Columbia River.
"Freshwater resources will likely decline in the coming decades...due to climate changes," Dai said.
In the Arctic, climate change is responsible for accelerating the melting of snow and ice. This accounts for the increased discharge into the Arctic Ocean.
"[Rapidly] disappearing mountain glaciers in [higher latitudes] will make matters worse," said Dai.
In some regions, the effects of climate change on Earth's rivers are compounded by regularly occurring weather phenomena. Take the El Niño phenomenon, for example. An El Niño is a periodic cooling of sea surface waters in the tropical Pacific. Researchers noted that the El Niño phenomenon led to lower flows in the Amazon River and higher ones in the Mississippi River when it was in effect.
Researchers are concerned about the reduction in rivers, particularly the Yellow River in northern China, the Ganges in India, the Niger in West Africa, and the Colorado in the southwestern U.S. These rivers flow through densely populated areas, where water is in greater demand than in areas with smaller populations.
"These changes will have impacts on humans and ecosystems," said Margaret A. Palmer. Palmer is director of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. "Many of these regions have large populations and drought-stressed ecosystems."
There are other reasons to be concerned about the diminished streamflow. One is that rivers supply oceans with essential nutrients. Another is that changes in streamflows can induce changes in ocean temperatures and salt levels. These changes are known to affect global ocean circulation patterns.
NCAR scientist Kevin Trenberth is concerned about climate change and its effects on rivers—and ultimately humans. "As climate change inevitably continues in coming decades," Trenberth said, "we are likely to see greater impacts on many rivers and water resources that society has come to rely on."
Answers
In the second paragraph talk about how large rivers are becoming smaller in regards to water volume and that the amount of water discharged into the ocean has also decreased greatly.
In the final paragraph write about how weather phenomena impact global warming. State that El Niño has led to lower floods in some place whereas other areas have experienced an increase in floods. Finally tell the reader how the lower water volumes and discharge leads to a change in the global ocean circulation.
Answer:
In the first paragraph state how climate change is the earth warming. Tell them how the warmer atmosphere has lead to the melting of snow and ice in the arctic and sever droughts in other areas of the world.
In the second paragraph talk about how large rivers are becoming smaller in regards to water volume and that the amount of water discharged into the ocean has also decreased greatly.
In the final paragraph write about how weather phenomena impact global warming. State that El Niño has led to lower floods in some place whereas other areas have experienced an increase in floods. Finally tell the reader how the lower water volumes and discharge leads to a change in the global ocean circulation.
Explanation:
Which words or phrases identify the types of temperate climates? Check all that apply.
humid continental
highland
it is actually science on the subject but it doesn't have that option.
marine west coast
Mediterranean
subarctic
tropical wet-dry
Answers
Answer:
Humid Continental
Marine west coast
Mediterranean
subarctic
Explanation:
just did assignment on edge
Marine west coast and Mediterranean are the types of temperate climates, due to the dispersion of precipitation throughout the year, temperate marine climates are typically distinguished by a notable lack of dry season, hence options D and E are correct.
What is temperate climates?Temperate climates are regions with moderate annual or seasonal rainfall, intermittent drought, mild to warm summers, and cool to cold winters.
Humid subtropical, marine west coast, Mediterranean are the phrases that clearly identified with temperate marine climates.
Geographically speaking, the moderate climates of Earth are found in the middle latitudes, which are halfway between the tropics and the poles.
Therefore, options D and E are correct.
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you need to prepare 250.0 mL of a 1.50 M HCl solution from a 2.00 M HCl stock solution. assuming that the accuracy of the concentration is important, which type of glassware should you use to make the solution
Answers
Answer:
I should use a volumetric flask.
Explanation:
If the accuracy of the concentration is important, we need to use a volumetric flask.
Answer:
The glassware appropriate for dilution preparation is a (250 mL) volumetric flask
Explanation:
We know that molarity or concentration of a solution is the number of moles per litres of solution, the molarity and volume of the solution in question can be used to find out how much of the stock solution to be diluted using the formula;
[tex]c = \frac{n}{v}[/tex]
Once the variables are confirmed, a 250 mL solution of 1.50M HCl can be prepared by measuring determined stock solute into a 250mL volumetric flask and the making it upto the 250mL mark. (a measuring cylinder can be used to check accuracy of volume added).
Draw one product structure for the following Diels–Alder reaction. For ONLY the chirality centers with D and C(=O)H groups, specify the stereochemistry via wedge-and-dash bonds. (D is deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. Include it in your drawing by either double clicking on an atom and typing \"d\" or by choosing D in the bottom row of the atoms menu.)
Answers
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
We can define the Diels-Alder reaction as a conjugate addition reaction of a conjugated diene to an alkene (the dienophile) to produce a cyclohexene.
Please kindly check attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.
The Diels–Alder reaction is an organic chemistry reaction involving a cyclic rearrangement of atoms to form a six-membered ring. The product structure from such a reaction should specify stereochemistry with wedge-and-dash notation for the chirality centers involving carbon atoms and Deuterium (D). A wedge implies the bond is positioned towards you, while a dash implies the bond is positioned away from you.
This is a Chemistry problem dealing with the Diels–Alder reaction, a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry, which is a very key method in the synthesis of complex molecules. In essence, the Diels–Alder reaction involves a cyclic rearrangement of atoms rearranging to form a six-membered ring. Let's take a Diels–Alder reaction template where:
two carbon atoms involved in the double bond are labeled as X and Y,
the carbonyl carbon is labeled as Z,
the specific hydrogen atom replaced by Deuterium (D) is labeled as W.
Thus, when a Diels–Alder reaction is performed, the product structure will maintain relative positions. Carbon atoms X and Z will have wedge orientation while Carbon atoms Y and the Deuterium (D) on W will have dash orientation.
Remember, in wedge-and-dash notation, wedge implies the bond is coming up out of the plane (positioned towards you), while dash implies the bond is going back into the plane (positioned away from you).
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Between HClO3 and HIO3, which is stronger and why? Question 16 options: 1) HClO3 is stronger because chlorine is in a higher oxidation state than iodine. 2) HClO3 is stronger because chlorine is more electronegative than iodine. 3) HIO3 is stronger because iodine is in a higher oxidation state than chlorine. 4) HIO3 is stronger because iodine is less electronegative than chlorine.
Answers
Answer:
2) HClO3 is stronger because chlorine is more electronegative than iodine.
Explanation:
The more electronegative the element is the more strong or acidic it becomes.
Chlorine being more electronegative than Iodine makes it easier for it to pull the electron of hydrogen more strongly and hence has a higher tendency to release a H+ unit. Hence that makes it stronger.
HClO3 is stronger than HIO3 because chlorine is more electronegative than iodine.
Chloric acid (HClO3) is more stronger than Iodic acid (HIO3) because chlorine is more electronegative than iodine. As we go from top to bottom in the periodic table, the atomic size increases and electronegativity decreases.
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electron pair towards itself. Chlorine atom comes on the top whereas iodine is present lower than chlorine in the periodic table so the atomic size of chlorine is smaller and higher value of electronegativity as compared to iodine so we can conclude that Chloric acid (HClO3) is more stronger than Iodic acid (HIO3).
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For a pure substance, the liquid and gaseous phases can only coexist for a single value of the pressure at a given temperature. Is this also the case for an ideal solution of two volatile liquids?
Answers
Answer:
No, it is not.
Explanation:
Most solutions do not behave ideally. Designating two volatile substances as A and B, we can consider the following two cases:
Case 1: If the intermolecular forces between A and B molecules are weaker than those between A molecules and between B molecules, then there is a greater tendency for these molecules to leave the solution than in the case of an ideal solution. Consequently, the vapor pressure of the solution is greater than the sum of the vapor pressures as predicted by Raoult’s law for the same concentration. This behavior gives rise to the positive deviation.
Case 2: If A molecules attract B molecules more strongly than they do their own kind, the vapor pressure of the solution is less than the sum of the vapor pressures as predicted by Raoult’s law. Here we have a negative deviation.
The benzene/toluene system is an exception, since that solution behaves ideally.
No, in the case of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids the two substances at different state cannot coexist for a single value of pressure at a given temperature.
The ideal solution of the two volatile liquids can exist on different ranges of pressure. Their pressure can be limited to an extent at which either only a trace value of liquid remains and the pressure at which only a trace value of gas exists.Learn more about gas:
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Relate energy levels to the amount of energy their electrons have
Answers
In atoms, electrons exist on specific, discrete energy levels, which correspond to distinct values of the principal quantum number 'n'. Electricity fills these 'shells' from the lowest to the highest energy state. Transitions between energy levels require definite energy changes.
Explanation:The energy levels of electrons in an atom can be understood using the principal quantum number often denoted by 'n'. Electrons exist only on specific, discrete energy levels and not between them. This principle is known as the quantization of energy. Each energy level is associated with a specific value of 'n', with n = 1, 2, 3, and so on. The greater the 'n' value, the higher the energy level.
Each energy level or shell can be visualized as concentric circles radiating from the nucleus of the atom. Electrons fill these shells starting from the one closest to the nucleus (lowest energy state), filling up to the one furthest from the nucleus (highest energy state). This illustrates the principle of energy states in a metal as in Figure 9.13.
Furthermore, the Bohr atom model suggests that each electron orbit around the nucleus corresponds to a distinct energy level, and each transition between these levels involves a definite energy change. Therefore, the energy levels of electrons in an atom are directly related to the amount of energy possessed by the electrons.
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An analytical chemist is titrating of a solution of hydrazoic acid with a solution of . The of hydrazoic acid is . Calculate the pH of the acid solution after the chemist has added of the solution to it. Note for advanced students: you may assume the final volume equals the initial volume of the solution plus the volume of solution added. Round your answer to decimal places.
Answers
Answer:
ph= 3.53
Explanation:
A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.
Check attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.
An aqueous solution is 3.23M in tartaric acid (C4H06). The solution's density is 1.023 g/mL.
Calculate the solution's molality in tartaric acid.
Answers
Answer:
Molality = 6.0 m
Explanation:
The molecular weight of tartaric acid = 150.087 g/mol
Given that:
Density of the solution = 1.023 g/mL
Molarity = 3.23M
Density is given as : [tex]Molarity ( \frac{1}{molality } +\frac{mol.wt}{1000} )[/tex]
∴
[tex]1.023 = 3.23 (\frac{1}{molality } +\frac{150.087}{1000} )[/tex]
[tex]\frac{1}{molality } =( \frac{1.023}{3.23} - \frac{150.087}{1000} )[/tex]
[tex]\frac{1}{molality } =0.3167 - 0.1500[/tex]
[tex]\frac{1}{molality } = 0.1667[/tex]
Molality = [tex]\frac{1}{0.1667}[/tex]
Molality = 5.999 m
Molality ≅ 6.0 m
A solution is to be prepared with a sodium ion concentration of 0.513 mol/L. What mass of sodium sulfate (g) is needed to prepare 1.98 liters of such a solution? Do not enter units with your answer.
Answers
Answer:
We should weigh 72.1 of sodium sulfate
Explanation:
The solution must be made of sodium sulfate. This salt can be dissociated like this:
Na₂SO₄ → 2Na⁺ + SO₄⁻²
From this dissociation we can say that, 2 moles of sodium cation are obtained from 1 mol of salt.
Therefore 0.513 moles of sodium cation will be obtained from 0.2565 moles of salt (0.513 . 1) / 2. The thing is that this number are the moles contained in 1 L of solution, and we need to prepare such 1.98 L
Molarity = mol / Volume (L) → Molarity . volume (L) = mol
0.2565 mol/L . 1.98L = 0.508 moles
These are the moles we should weigh. Let's convert them to moles:
0.508 mol . 142.06 g / 1 mol = 72.1 g
Answer:
We need 72.1 grams of Na2SO4
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
sodium ion concentration = 0.513 mol/L
Volume = 1.98 L
Step 2: The balanced equation
Na2SO4 → 2Na+ + SO4^2-
Step 3: Calculate moles Na+
Moles Na+ = molarity Na+ * volume
Moles Na+ = 0.513 * 1.98 L
Moles Na+ = 1.01574 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles Na2SO4
For 1 mol Na2SO4 we need 2 moles Na+ and 1 mol SO4^2-
For 1.01574 moles Na+ we'll need 1.01574/2 = 0.50787 moles Na2SO4
Step 5: Calculate moles Na2SO4
Mass Na2SO4 = moles Na2SO4 * molar mass Na2SO4
Mass Na2SO4 = 0.50787 moles * 142.04 g/mol
Mass Na2SO4 = 72.1 grams
We need 72.1 grams of Na2SO4
Nitrogen and hydrogen gases are combined at high temperatures and pressures to produce ammonia, NH3. If 101.7 g of N2 are reacted with excess H2, how many moles of NH3 will be formed
Answers
Answer:
7.26 moles of NH₃ are formed in this reaction
Explanation:
This is about the reaction for the production of ammonia
1 mol of nitrogen gas reacts to 3 moles of hydrogen in order to produce 2 moles of ammonia.
The equation is: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
In the question, we were informed that the excess is the H₂ so the N₂ is limiting reagent. We determine the moles, that has reacted:
101.7 g / 28 g/mol = 3.63 moles
So, If 1 mol of nitrogen gas can produce 2 moles of ammonia
3.63 moles of N₂ must produce ( 2 . 3.63) / 1 = 7.26 moles of NH₃
Answer:
In this reaction, 7.26 moles of NH3 will be formed.
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of N2 = 101.7 grams
Molar mass N2 = 28.0 g/mol
H2 is in excess
Molar mass H2 = 2.02 g/mol
Molar mass of NH3 = 17.03 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
Step 3: Calculate moles N2
Moles N2 = mass N2/ molar mass N2
Moles N2 = 101.7 grams / 28.0 g/mol
Moles N2 = 3.63 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles NH3
For 1 mol N2 we need 3 moles H2 to produce 2 moles NH3
For 3.63 moles N2 we'll produce2*3.63 = 7.26 moles NH3
In this reaction, 7.26 moles of NH3 will be formed.
Which process is an example of a physical change?
burning
rusting
flattening
ripening
Answers
Answer:
The answer is flattening
Explanation:
A physical change is generally something that affects the shape of form of the matter and a chemical change results from a chemical reaction. Flames are caused by chemical reactions, as is rust, and the process of a fruit becoming ripe. Thus, the answer is “flattening”.
In the realm of chemistry, only flattening out of the listed options is considered a physical change as it alters the condition of a substance without modifying its underlying chemical structure.
Explanation:In the context of Chemistry, physical changes are processes that change the form or appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition. Of the processes you listed: burning, rusting, flattening, and ripening, flattening is an example of a physical change. For instance, if you have a piece of aluminum foil and you flatten it, it is still aluminum foil - no new substance is created. On the other hand, burning, rusting, and ripening are chemical changes because they result in new substances being formed.
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Use scientific reasoning to explain what happens if 0.87 mol NaCl is dissolved in pure water creating 3.00 L of solution, what is its molarity of the resulting solution?
Answers
Answer : The molarity of the resulting solution is, 0.29 M
Explanation :
When NaCl dissolved in water then it dissociates to give sodium ions and chloride ions.
Given,
Moles of NaCl = 0.87 mol
Volume of solution = 3.00 L
Molarity : It is defined as the number of moles of solute present in one liter of volume of solution.
Formula used :
[tex]\text{Molarity}=\frac{\text{Moles of }NaCl}{\text{Volume of solution (in L)}}[/tex]
Now put all the given values in this formula, we get:
[tex]\text{Molarity}=\frac{0.87mol}{3.00L}=0.29mole/L=0.29M[/tex]
Therefore, the molarity of the resulting solution is, 0.29 M
Use the reaction data in the table below to select the answer choice that best describes this reaction.
Reaction Enthalpy Change
345.7 kJ/mol
Reaction Entropy Change
-25. 3 J/molK
This reaction is never spontaneous.
This reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.
This reaction is spontaneous at low temperatures.
This reaction is spontaneous at high temperatures
Answers
Answer: This reaction is never spontaneous
Explanation:
According to Gibbs equation:
[tex]\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S[/tex]
[tex]\Delta G[/tex] = Gibb's free energy change
[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = enthalpy change
T = temperature
[tex]\Delta S[/tex] = entropy change
A reaction becomes spontaneous when [tex]\Delta G[/tex] = Gibb's free energy change is negative.
[tex]\Delta G=+ve-T(-ve)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta G=+ve+ve[/tex]
[tex]\Delta G=+ve[/tex]
Thus this reaction is never spontaneous
The percent by mass of bicarbonate (HCO3−) in a certain Alka-Seltzer product is 32.5 percent. Calculate the volume of CO2 generated (in mL) at 37°C and 1.00 atm if a person were to accidentally ingest a 3.45-g tablet without following instructions. (Hint: The reaction occurs between HCO3− and HCl acid in the stomach.)
Answers
Answer:
The volume of carbon dioxide gas generated 468 mL.
Explanation:
The percent by mass of bicarbonate in a certain Alka-Seltzer = 32.5%
Mass of tablet = 3.45 g
Mass of bicarbonate =[tex]3.45 g\times \frac{32.5}{100}=1.121 mol[/tex]
Moles of bicarbonate ion = [tex]\frac{1.121 g/mol}{61 g/mol}=0.01840 mol[/tex]
[tex]HCO_3^{-}(aq)+HCl(aq)\rightarrow H_2O(l)+CO_2(g)+Cl^-(aq)[/tex]
According to reaction, 1 mole of bicarbonate ion gives with 1 mole of carbon dioxide gas , then 0.01840 mole of bicarbonate ion will give:
[tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.01840 mol=0.01840 mol[/tex] of carbon dioxide gas
Moles of carbon dioxide gas n = 0.01840 mol
Pressure of the carbon dioxide gas = P = 1.00 atm
Temperature of the carbon dioxide gas = T = 37°C = 37+273 K=310 K
Volume of the carbon dioxide gas = V
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex] (ideal gas equation)
[tex]V=\frac{nRT}{P}=\frac{0.01840 mol\times 0.0821 atm L/mol K\times 310 K}{1.00 atm}=0.468 L[/tex]
1 L = 1000 mL
0.468 L =0.468 × 1000 mL = 468 mL
The volume of carbon dioxide gas generated 468 mL.
Final answer:
The volume of CO2 generated from a 3.45-g Alka-Seltzer tablet containing 32.5% bicarbonate is approximately 469.2 mL when reacted with stomach acid at 37°C and 1.00 atm.
Explanation:
To calculate the volume of CO2 generated from the reaction of bicarbonate (HCO^{3−}) with HCl in the stomach, we can use the provided mass percent of bicarbonate in the Alka-Seltzer tablet and the reaction stoichiometry. The balanced equation for the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid is:
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Assuming the percent by mass of bicarbonate is 32.5%, a 3.45-g tablet would contain 1.12125 g of HCO3−. The molar mass of HCO^{3−} is approximately 61 g/mol, which corresponds to 0.0184 moles of HCO^{3−}. Since the reaction produces one mole of CO2 for each mole of HCO3−, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of CO2.
At STP (0°C and 1 atm), one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L. However, we're given conditions of 37°C and 1.00 atm. To adjust for the temperature, we can use the combined gas law:
V2 = (V1 × T2 × P1) / (T1 × P2)
Where:
V1 = 22.4 LT1 = 273 K (STP temperature)T2 = 310 K (37°C in kelvin)P1 and P2 = 1 atm (pressure is constant)Thus:
V2 = (22.4 L × 310 K) / 273 K
V2 is the volume of CO2 at the new conditions, which is approximately 25.5 L/mol. Since we have 0.0184 moles of HCO^{3−}, the volume of CO2 produced would be 0.0184 moles × 25.5 L/mol = 0.4692 L or 469.2 mL.
Which statements describes why ethyl methyl ether (b.p. 7.9°C) and 1-propanol (b.p. 97.2°C) have such different boiling points despite identical molar masses? A) Ethyl methyl ether has more hydrogen bonding than 1-propanol. B) 1-propanol has more hydrogen bonding than ethyl methyl ether. C) Ethyl methyl ether has greater dispersion forces than 1-propanol. D) 1-propanol has greater dispersion forces than ethyl methyl ether. E) Ethyl methyl ether has greater molecular volume than 1-propanol.
Answers
Answer:
B) 1-propanol has more hydrogen bonding than ethyl methyl ether.
Explanation:
1-propanol and ethyl methyl ether look very similar but have very different boiling points. They both have three carbon atoms but ethyl methyl ether has an oxygen atom.
Ethyl methyl ether has both London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions.
1-Propanol has London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
1-propanol has more hydrogen bonding than ethyl methyl ether which explains why they both have different boiling points.
According to VSEPR theory, the molecule PF6- has how many regions of electron density around the central atom (how many electron groups?) (enter a number from 1 to 6) PF6- will have (linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, bent, trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw, T-shaped, octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar) electronic geometry, and (linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, bent, trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw, T-shaped, octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar) molecular geometry.
Answers
Answer : The electronic geometry and the molecular geometry of the molecule will be octahedral.
Explanation :
Formula used :
[tex]\text{Number of electron pair}=\frac{1}{2}[V+N-C+A][/tex]
where,
V = number of valence electrons present in central atom
N = number of monovalent atoms bonded to central atom
C = charge of cation
A = charge of anion
The given molecule is, [tex]PF_6^-[/tex]
[tex]\text{Number of electrons}=\frac{1}{2}\times [5+6+1]=6[/tex]
The number of electron pair are 6 that means the hybridization will be [tex]sp^3d^2[/tex] and the electronic geometry and the molecular geometry of the molecule will be octahedral.
The correct number of regions of electron density around the central atom in PF₆- is 6. The electronic geometry of PF6- is octahedral, and the molecular geometry is also octahedral.
To determine the number of electron regions around the central phosphorus atom in PF6-, we count the bonded atoms and any lone pairs on the central atom.
The Lewis structure of PF6- shows that the phosphorus atom is bonded to six fluorine atoms and has no lone pairs since it is surrounded by six bonding groups and has a formal charge of -1, which balances the overall charge of the ion.
Each bonded fluorine contributes one region of electron density, and there are no lone pairs on the phosphorus atom.
Therefore, there are six regions of electron density around the central phosphorus atom, which corresponds to an octahedral electronic geometry.
Since there are no lone pairs, the molecular geometry is the same as the electronic geometry, which is octahedral. This means that all six fluorine atoms are arranged around the central phosphorus atom in a way that they are at the vertices of an octahedron.
In summary, the VSEPR theory predicts that PF6- has six regions of electron density, an octahedral electronic geometry, and an octahedral molecular geometry.
Calculate the approximate volume of a 1.50 mol sample gas at 15.0°C and a pressure at 3.75atm.
Answers
Answer:
V= 9.45L
Explanation:
P=3.75atm, V=?, n= 1.5, R= 0.082, T= 15+ 273= 288K
Applying
PV= nRT
Substitute and Simplify
3.75*V= 1.5*0.082*288
V= 9.45L
The approximate volume of a 1.50 mol sample of gas at 15.0°C and a pressure of 3.75 atm is calculated using the Ideal Gas Law to be about 9.20 liters.
To calculate the approximate volume of a 1.50 mol sample of gas at 15.0°C and a pressure of 3.75 atm, we can use the Ideal Gas Law, which is PV = nRT. First, we must convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. Then we can solve for V, the volume of the gas.
The conversion from Celsius to Kelvin: T(K) = 15.0 + 273.15 = 288.15 K
Using the Ideal Gas Law constants, R = 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol. Substituting the known values into the Ideal Gas Law equation:
PV = nRT
(3.75 atm) × V = (1.50 mol) × (0.0821 L·atm/K·mol) × (288.15 K)
V = (1.50 mol × 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol × 288.15 K) / 3.75 atm
V = 9.2029 L
Therefore, the approximate volume of the gas sample is about 9.20 liters.
Think about what you've learned about how particle motion is related to temperature.
Select all of the statements that are true.
1. The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance determines the
substance's temperature.
2. If the particles in two pure substances have the same average speed, the
substances can have different temperatures.
3. When two substances have the same temperature, all of the particles in
both substances are moving at the same speed.
4. How fast a substance's particles are moving determines how hot or cold
the substance is.
Answers
Final answer:
The true statements about particle motion and temperature are that the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance determines its temperature and that faster moving particles generally result in a higher temperature of the substance.
Explanation:
The relationship between particle motion and temperature is based on the kinetic-molecular theory. According to this theory, temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles, such as molecules or atoms, in a substance. Therefore:
The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance determines the substance's temperature.
If the particles in two pure substances have the same average speed, it does not necessarily mean they have the same temperature, since heavier particles will have more kinetic energy at the same speed, leading to different temperatures.
When two substances have the same temperature, it indicates that the average kinetic energy of the particles in both substances is the same, not that all of the particles are moving at the same speed, because particles have a range of speeds.
The speed of a substance's particles can give an indication of how hot or cold that substance is. Faster moving particles generally mean a higher temperature.
As such, the true statements are 1 and 4. Understanding that temperature is not simply a measure of particle speed, but rather the average kinetic energy involved, clarifies misconceptions about the nature of thermal energy and its measurement.
Determine the volume (in L) of Cl2(g) required to carry out the following reaction at 794 torr and 625°C using 15.0 g of Fe. The value of R = 0.0821 L atm mol−1 K−1. 2Fe(s) + 3Cl2(g) = 2FeCl3(s)
Answers
Answer:
28.5 L of Cl
Explanation:
From PV=nRT
P= 794torr or 1.04 atm
T= 625°C or 898K
R= 0.0821 L atm mol−1 K−1
n= 3 moles
V= ???
V= nRT/P
V=3× 0.0821× 898/1.04
V= 212.7 L
From the balanced reaction equation
112g of iron reacted with 212.7L of Cl
15.0 g of iron will react with 15.0×212.7/112
= 28.5 L of Cl
The method used by Joseph Priestley to obtain oxygen made use of the thermal decomposition of mercuric oxide given below. What volume of oxygen gas, measured at 39°C and 725 torr, can be produced from the complete decomposition of 3.97 g mercuric oxide?
Answers
Answer:
The volume of the oxygen gas is 0.246 L
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Temperature = 39 °C = 312 K
Temperature = 725 torr = 725 / 760 atm = 0.953947 atm
Mass of mercuric oxide = 3.97 grams
Molar mass of mercuric oxide = 216.59 g/mol
Step 2: The balanced equation
2HgO → 2Hg + O2
Step 3: Calculate moles mercuric oxide
Moles = mass / molar mass
Moles HgO = 3.97 grams / 216.59 g/mol
Moles HgO = 0.0183 moles
Step 3: Calculate moles oxyen
For 2 moles HgO we'll have 2 moles Hg and 1 mol O2
For 0.0183 moles HgO we'll have 0.0183/2 = 0.00915 moles O2
Step 4: Calculate volume O2
p*V = n*R*T
⇒with p = the pressure of the gas = 0.953947 atm
⇒with V = the volume of O2 gas = TO BE DETERMINED
⇒with n = the moles of O2 = 0.00915 moles
⇒with R = the gas constant = 0.08206 L*atm/mol*K
⇒with T = the temperature = 312 K
V = (n*R*T)/p
V = (0.00915 moles * 0.08206 L*atm/mol*K * 312 K ) / 0.953947 atm
V = 0.246 L
The volume of the oxygen gas is 0.246 L
Final answer:
The complete thermal decomposition of 3.97 g of mercuric oxide (HgO) at 39 0C and 725 torr will produce 2.487 Liters of oxygen gas (O2). The calculations involve converting grams to moles using the molar mass of HgO, applying the stoichiometry of the decomposition reaction, and calculating the volume with the ideal gas law.
Explanation:
The question involves the chemical decomposition of mercuric oxide (HgO) to produce oxygen gas (O2) and uses the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of oxygen produced under specific conditions. To solve this problem, we'll use the ideal gas law PV=nRT along with stoichiometry.
Calculate the molar mass of HgO to convert grams to moles.Use stoichiometry to determine the moles of O2 produced from the thermal decomposition of HgO with the chemical equation 2HgO (s)ightarrow 2Hg (l) + O2 (g).Convert the given pressure from torr to atm.Use the ideal gas law, with the temperature converted to Kelvin, to calculate the volume of O2 produced.
Now, let's provide a step-by-step solution:
Molar mass of HgO = 200.59 g/mol + 15.999 g/mol = 216.589 g/mol.3.97 g HgO * (1 mol HgO / 216.589 g HgO) = 0.01832 mol HgO. According to the equation, 2 moles of HgO produce 1 mole O2, so 0.01832 mol HgO will produce 0.00916 mol O2.725 torr is equivalent to 725 torr * (1 atm / 760 torr) = 0.954 atm.Now convert the temperature to Kelvin: 39 0C + 273.15 = 312.15 K.Using the ideal gas law, PV=nRT, where R is the gas constant 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K, we solve for V: V = nRT/P = (0.00916 mol * 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K * 312.15 K) / 0.954 atm = 2.487 L.Therefore, 2.487 Liters of oxygen gas will be produced from the complete decomposition of 3.97 g of mercuric oxide at 39°C and 725 torr.
A student dissolves 11.1 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in 250. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water rise from 23.0 °C to 34.0 °C over the course of 4.6 minutes.
Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction:
KOH(s) â K (aq) + OH (aq)
You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to the correct number of significant digits.
Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction.
Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither?
Answers
The dissolution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in water is an exothermic process, as indicated by the increase in temperature when KOH is dissolved in water.
Explanation:The dissolution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in water is an exothermic process. This can be determined based on the observation that the temperature of the water increased from 23.0°C to 34.0°C when 11.1 g of KOH was dissolved in 250.0 g of water. The positive change in temperature indicates that heat was released by the KOH dissolving in water, resulting in an increase in temperature.
The reaction is exothermic as the temperature of the water rises from 23.0°C to 34.0°C, indicating the release of heat.
To determine if the reaction is exothermic or endothermic, we need to look at the temperature change during the dissolution of potassium hydroxide (KOH).
Since the temperature of the water rises from 23.0 °C to 34.0 °C, which is an increase of 11.0 °C, this indicates that the solution absorbs heat.
This increase in temperature demonstrates that the reaction releases heat into the surroundings, thus it is an exothermic reaction. In an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the surroundings rises because energy is released.
Example Calculation:
Mass of water (m): 250 g
Specific heat capacity (C) of water: 4.184 J/g°C
Temperature change (ΔT): 34.0 °C - 23.0 °C = 11.0 °C
Heat (q) absorbed by the solution: q = m × C × ΔT = 250 g × 4.184 J/g°C × 11.0 °C = 11, 506 J or 11.506 kJ
Since the heat is released by the dissolution of KOH, the reaction is said to be exothermic.
To make use of an ionic hydrate for storing solar energy, you place 422.0 kg of sodium sulfate decahydrate on your house roof. Assuming complete reaction and 100% efficiency of heat transfer, how much heat (in kJ) is released to your house at night
Answers
Complete Question
To make use of an ionic hydrate for storing solar energy, you place 422.0 kg of sodium sulfate decahydrate on your house roof. Assuming complete reaction and 100% efficiency of heat transfer, how much heat (in kJ) is released to your house at night? Note that sodium sulfate decahydrate will transfer 354 kJ/mol.
Answer:
The amount of energy released is [tex]x = 4.63650 *10^5 KJ[/tex]
Explanation:
Number of moles is mathematically represented as
[tex]n =\frac{mass}{Molar\ Mass}[/tex]
substituting [tex]422.0kg = 422 *10^3g[/tex] for mass of sodium sulfate decahydrate([tex]Na_2 SO_4 \cdot 10H_2 O[/tex]), [tex]322.2g/mol[/tex] (This value is a constant )for the molar mass of sodium sulfate decahydrate
[tex]n= \frac{422*10^3}{322.2}[/tex]
[tex]= 1309.7 \ moles[/tex]
From the question we are told that
1 mole of sodium sulfate decahydrate generates [tex]354KJ[/tex] of energy
So 1309.7 mole would generate x
Now stating the relation mathematically
1 mol → 354KJ
1309.7 mol → x
=> [tex]x = 4.63650 *10^5 KJ[/tex]