Answer:
Option A, It includes different sciences, such as biology, chemistry, and earth sciences
Explanation:
There are various disciplines and sub disciplines of science. These are as follows -
a) Majorly there are three disciplines or broad areas of study of natural science and these are-
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
b) These broad areas have some sub disciplines which include the following -
Biochemistry
Geophysics
Earth science
Astronomy
Behavioural science
Anthropology
Geology
Hence, option A is correct
The sentences that describe the discipline of the natural sciences are:
"It includes different sciences, such as biology, chemistry, and earth sciences.""With the help of toxicology, environmental scientists can study the toxic effects of chemicals on humans.""Chemistry contributes to environmental science through the study of chemicals and chemical processes, such as pollutants and the chemical characteristics of the environment.""Earth science helps in studying Earth, the oceans, and the atmosphere.""In addition, epidemiology, which is another prominent scientific field, guides environmental scientists to study diseases that affect human health."What are the natural sciencesThese sentences highlight different aspects of the natural sciences and their applications in understanding the environment, chemistry, Earth science, and epidemiology.
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Select the correct answer. David wants to improve the food shortage situation in his country. Which of these fields of biology should he study? A. pathology B. agriculture C. evolutionary biology
I think it is going to be agriculture
A student is shown images of different reactions which question would help a student determine which reaction is a peptide synthesis reaction
A. Which image shows the disruption of the hydrogen bonds between Atoms in the molecules?
B. Which image shows the stabilization of the hydrogen bonds between atoms in the molecules?
C.Which image shows water as a product of the reaction between an amino acid in a car Bullock which image shows water as a product of the reaction between an amino acid and a carbonyl group?
D. Which image shows water as a reactant of the reaction between an amino acid in a carboxyl group?
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The formation of a peptide bond is a condensation/dehydration reaction because a water molecule is produced during the formation of the bond. This is the case for most biolgical polymer formation from their monomers (such as glucose monomers into starch). In proteins the carbonyl group (– COOH) of one amino acid reacts with the amino group (–NH2) of the next amino acid. The carbonyl group loses an –OH while the amino group loses a –H. The OH⁻ and H⁺ combine into a water molecule.
A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that
the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid
differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5
differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism
A) is more closely related to humans than to frogs.
B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans.
C) may have evolved from gibbons but not rats.
D) is more closely related to humans than to rats.
E) may have evolved from rats but not from humans and gibbons.
Answer:
B. Is more closely related to frogs than to humans.
Explanation:
The amount of changes observed in a given gene from two different species is directly proportional to the divergence time. This means that if two species diverged recently, there will be few differences because there hasn't passed enough time for them to accumulate mutations. If two species diverged a long time ago, you will be able to observe many differences between the two homologous genes. The shorter the divergence time between two species, the closer they are related. Knowing this, you can conclude that the new organism will be more closely related to the species that it is more similar to, and in this case, that species is the frog, that only shows 5 differences in the hemoglobin when it's compared to the new species.
Make an inference about what happens to the matter and energy during the formation and breakdown of a complex carbohydrate molecule? When is energy stored or released?
Answer:
The breakdown of carbohydrates in the cell during cellular respiration does not change the matter or energy in the molecule. Actually, the matter in the energy molecule, which is the number of atoms and molecule, remains the same and are only transferred to make other molecules (remember that in a chemical reaction, the number of atoms on the reactants side must balance with those of the products). The energy in the bonds of the molecule, as they are broken down by metabolic enzymes, are what is transferred to ATPs. This process is not efficient as most energy is lost as heat. The energy in the ATPs is used in catabolic process like the formation of carbohydrates in the Calvin cycle of plants. Catabolic processes reduce entropy - & increase Gibbs free energy - hence require energy.
Ultimately, no energy or matter is destroyed or made, it is only transferred, hence observing the first law of thermodynamics.
Energy in the body is stored through glycogenesis where glycogen is formed from excess glucose and stored in tissues. When energy is required, this glycogen is broken down back to glucose through glycogenolysis and it can be used in cellular respiration.
When Kate’s grandma leans over the crib with a toy in her hand, 8-month-old Kate grasps it and pulls on it. When Kate’s mom hangs a set of animals across the crib, Kate reaches up, grabs them, and pulls them down. Kate seems to be working on _______ for grasping and pulling.
Answer: a schema
Explanation:
The term schema was first introduced in 1923 by developmental psychologist Jean Piaget. Piaget proposed a stage theory of cognitive development that utilized schemas as one of its key components. Piaget defined schemas as basic units of knowledge that related to all aspects of the world.
A schema is a cognitive structure that serves as a framework for one’s knowledge about people, places, objects, and events. Schemas help people organize their knowledge of the world and understand new information. While these mental shortcuts are useful in helping us make sense of the large amount of information we encounter daily, they can also narrow our thinking and result in stereotypes.
For example, when a child is young, they may develop a schema for a dog. They know a dog walks on four legs, is hairy, and has a tail. When the child goes to the zoo for the first time and sees a lion, they may initially think the lion is a dog as well. From the child’s point of view, the lion fits their schema for a dog.
Various types of schemas exist. These include object schemas, person schemas (behavior, appearance, preferences, personality), social schemas ( be respectful, don’t eat garlic before a date, pay for your dates movie tickets), self schemas( for example future doctor, smart, hates vegetables) roles schemas, event schemas (professionalism, business suit, portfolio, handshake) etc.
Kate is developing her fine motor skills, particularly the Palmer Grasp and is preparing for the Pincer Grasp milestone. This also reflects cognitive development and the maturation of her prefrontal cortex, indicating an increase in goal-directed activity and social understanding.
When Kate's grandma leans over the crib with a toy in her hand, and Kate grasps it and pulls on it, Kate demonstrates the development of her fine motor skills, which include actions such as grasping and pulling. By 8 months old, infants like Kate improve their ability to reach for and grab objects, which is a significant aspect of their motor development. At this stage, infants are able to perform the Palmer Grasp, which involves the fingers and palm without the use of thumbs. The pincer grasp, a further development in fine motor skills involving the coordination of the index finger and thumb, typically emerges around 9 to 12 months, allowing infants to hold smaller objects more precisely.
Kate is also working on coordinating both internal desires and external actions to achieve a planned goal, such as obtaining a desired toy. This reflects the maturation of the prefrontal cortex and the beginning of a sense of social understanding and object permanence. Through these actions, Kate is not only developing her fine motor skills but also her cognitive abilities.
A scientist is testing a new plant food to see if it causes plants to grow faster. The scientist tests two plants with the new plant food, and two plants he grows without plant food. What is the independent variable?
Fruits evolved primarily as structures specialized to _____. Fruits evolved primarily as structures specialized to _____.
- protect pollen
- provide a source of food to the plant's embryo
- disperse seeds
- provide food for humans
- protect seeds
Answer: Option C. "disperse seeds"
Explanation:
Fruits are evolved from the dispersion of seeds which are formed from ovules present in the ovary.
Seed dispersal can be defined as the movement or transfer of seeds away from the parent plant.
There are several ways of seed dispersal that supports evolution of fruit including by animals, birds , insects, wind and water. Animals went to plants for the purpose or food and some seed get stick to their body which helps in seed dispersal to other places, Birds and insects get attracted to the appearance of flowers and carry seeds or some pollen with them and spread on other flowers, wind transport seed along with it and plants near a river or water surface uses the flowing water to transport their seeds.
Hence, the primary structure responsible for fruit is disperse seed.
What are the first organisms to begin decomposition
Answer:
While in the later stages of decomposition mites, millipedes, centipedes, springtails, beetles and earthworms further breakdown and enrich the composting materials.
Question 6
A weak base ______ in solution.
A)dissociates completely
B)does not dissociate completely
C)does not dissociate
D)none of these
Answer:
A weak base does not dissociate completely in a solution. Hence the answer is option b.
Explanation:
A solution is said to be a basic solution when it has OH- component in it. A base is when reacted with acid it neutralizes the solution and forms salt as a product. This salt gets deposited in the base of container. A base can turn red litmus into blue. It is bitter in taste.
NaOH is an example of base which is common. A base is called as a strong base when it is completely dissociate in an aqueous solution and weak base partially disassociate in the aqueous solution. Base generally donate electrons.
The researcher inoculates the test population of bacteria onto glucose salts agar containing penicillin and also on nutrient agar containing penicillin. She counts 25 colonies on the glucose salts plate lacking histamine and 32 colonies on the nutrient agar. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. The colonies on both plates contain penicillin-resistant mutants. b. The glucose salts plate contains some mutants. c. The bacteria on the glucose salts medium are mutants while the bacteria on the nutrient agar are wild type. d. The bacteria growing on the nutrient agar are mutants while those growing on the glucose salts medium are wild type. e. The bacteria that failed to grow on the glucose salts medium are double mutants.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
An experiment was performed in which a bacterial population was inoculated in the glucose-salt agar penicillin and another on the nutrient agar containing penicillin.
Both of the plates that contains bacteria have penicillin mutant bacteria. This is so because both the plates contains penicillin, there was growth seen on both the plates.
On one plate the bacteria have grown with no histidine( his mutant) and on another using the nutrient agar.
So, the colonies on the both the medium is penicillin-resistant mutant.
Final answer:
The correct answer is that the colonies on both the glucose salts agar and nutrient agar plates contain penicillin-resistant mutants, as colonies have developed in the presence of the antibiotic penicillin on both plates.
Explanation:
The scenario provided involves inoculating a population of bacteria onto two different types of agar, both containing penicillin. The growth of colonies on these plates indicates that some bacteria have developed resistance to penicillin. According to the details given, the correct statement is:
a. The colonies on both plates contain penicillin-resistant mutants.
Both the glucose salts agar and the nutrient agar plates contained penicillin, yet colonies grew on both. This suggests the presence of penicillin-resistant mutants on both plates. Mutants that can resist penicillin would grow despite the antibiotic's presence. In contrast,-sensitive bacteria would not grow under these conditions. The information provided does not allow us to determine whether the mutants differ in other aspects, such as histidine production, only that they can resist penicillin.
Cells are usually plated on both nutritionally complete and nutrient-deficient plates to detect mutants because the growth on the complete plate confirms the transfer of cells and their viability, whereas growth on the deficient plates indicates the presence of nutritional mutants, or auxotrophs, that can synthesize the missing nutrients themselves. The growth on the glucose salts plate lacking histamine suggests the presence of bacteria mutants capable of histidine synthesis.
1. When a sugary gummy bear is placed in water, there are more dissolved solutes _______________ (inside/outside) the gummy bear.
2. Your gummy bear increased in size after being soaked in tap water. Why did it expand?
(Hint: Remember that this is osmosis, and that water LOVES solutes.)
(Note: Giving 50 points because I'm confused and appreciate the help so much! Also, you don't need to see the assignment to know what the answer is. I just don't understand much about solutes.)
Answer:
When a sugary gummy bear is placed in water, there are more dissolved solutes inside the gummy bear.
Explanation:
The sugary gummy bear has more solutes as compared to the water in which it is being soaked. When a sugary gummy bear is placed in water, water enters the gummy bear through osmosis as water tends to move to the place where there are more solutes. The sugar gummy bear has more solutes. So, the gummy bear expands and increases in size due to the entrance of water into it.
Answer:
Inside
Explanation:
The other answer helped explain it to me. When you put the sugary gummy bear in water, the water all rushes in and expands the gummy bear. If enough water gets in it, it could actually explode. That's why when you take the gummy bear out of the water, be very careful not to pop it.
PLEASE HELP ME
When water changes phase, it gains or loses energy. During which of the following types of phase changes do the particles of water gain energy?
A
freezing
B
condensation
C
deposition
D
melting
During melting phase the particles of water gain energy.Thus, option D is correct.
What is melting and freezing of water?
The process of melting in which the solid water changes into liquid form the process is known as melting.Freezing is the process in which phase change or state change takes place it means that a process in which a liquid change into solid.
Freezing process can be achieved by extracting heat i.e or removing latent heat, latent heat, energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change in its physical state (phase) that occurs without change in temperature.
So, during the formation of ice from water, heat is removed from water at zero degree celsius at constant temperature, then water changes into ice.
A freezing or solidification process may occur in a liquid, initially at a uniform temperature, either above or at the the freezing temperature or fusion point.
Therefore, during melting phase the particles of water gain energy.Thus, option D is correct.
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You are a wildlife ecologist interested in finding out if Toxoplasma gondii impacts the predator/prey relationship of the Canada lynx and snowshoe hare. If it does, which of the following would be true?
a. The parasite would affect the brain of the lynx.
b. The parasite would not affect the brain of the lynx or the brain of the hare.
c. The parasite would affect the brain of the lynx and the brain of the hare.
d. The parasite would affect the brain of the hare.
Answer:
The correct answer is option d. The parasite would affect the brain of the hare.
Explanation:
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate parasite. It is one cell eukaryotic parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. It is very well known for its connection with the cats such as Canada lynx.
Canada lynx is a predator is from the cat family of animals that prey on the snowshoe hare. The connection between this predator and prey relationship. Parasite transmits from these cats to the hare and affect their brain.
Thus, the correct answer is option D. The parasite would affect the brain of the hare.
Muscle tissues are characterized by the presence of elongated cells, often called ____________ , that can contract to create movement. Many of our muscles are attached to the ____________ but muscles are also components of many of our ____________ .
Answer:
1. Muscle Fibers
2. Bones
3. Joints
Explanation:
Muscle tissue is made of muscle fibers. The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called sarcolemma while its cytoplasm is known as sarcoplasm. Muscle cells are characterized by the presence of specialized endoplasmic reticulum which is called sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Muscle cells exhibit contractility and extensibility. The ability of muscle cells to shorten their length forcibly in response to a stimulus is their contractility. Muscle fibers have the ability to extend and shorten themselves.
Extension and contraction of muscle fibers are responsible for the movement of the human body and its parts.
Muscles are attached to bones via tendons which in turn are the fibrous connective tissues. Muscles are also part of our joints where they assist in the movement by pulling the bones as well as stabilize and strengthen the joints.
Muscle tissues are characterized by the presence of elongated cells, often called Muscle fibres, that can contract to create movement. Many of our muscles are attached to the Bones but muscles are also components of many of our Joints.
Muscle fibres, which are specialised cells, are what give muscle tissues their unique properties. The ability of these elongated cells to contract is what gives the organism its ability to move. Although many of these muscles are attached to bones by tendons, they are also vital to the development and operation of joints.
Muscles are used to govern movement and maintain stability in joints, which are places where two or more bones contact. As a result, muscles play a crucial role in both joint health and bone mobility, which affects our capacity to move and engage in a variety of physical activities.
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Scientists use specific levels of organization in order to analyze the biosphere. The Everglades are a large area of subtropical wetlands found in Florida. A variety of plants and animals can be found in the Everglades, including Florida panthers, cypress trees, herons, and alligators.
Which level of organization is not seen in the Everglades?A) ecosystemB) community C) population D) biome
Answer:biome
Explanation
Answer:
Option D, Biome
Explanation:
A biome is an area that consists of varied types of plants and animals. Several abiotic factors such as temperature, soil, light and water are responsible in defining the life form living in any biome.
An ecosystem is different from a biome in a way that it envolves interaction between living and non living thing. A group of species is known as communities and population is total number of species living in an area.
hence, option D is correct.
Claytonia virginica is a woodland spring herb with flowers that vary from white to pale pink to bright pink. Slugs prefer to eat pink-flowering over white-flowering plants (due to chemical differences between the two), and plants experiencing severe herbivory were more likely to die. The bees that pollinate this plant prefer also prefer pink to white flowers, so that Claytonia with pink flowers have greater relative fruit set (reproductive success) than Claytonia with white flowers. A researcher observes that the percentage of different flower colors remains stable in the study population from year to year. If the researcher removes all slugs from the study population, what would you expect to happen to the distribution of flower colors in the population over time?
A) The distribution of flower colors should not change.
B) The percentage of white flowers should increase over time.
C) The percentage of pink flowers should increase over time.
D) The distribution of flower colors should randomly fluctuate over time.
Answer:
C) The percentage of pink flowers should increase over time.
Explanation:
According to the given information, the plants with pink flowers are able to reproduce more but are also have higher rates of herbivores as the slugs preferably eat the pink-flowered plants.
If slugs are removed from the system, the plants with pink flowers would have an absolute reproductive advantage over the plants with white flowers. This would increase the frequency of plants with pink flowers as they exhibit reproductive success over the plants with white flowers.
1. This cold, dry biome is populated by lichens and shrubs that can survive great seasonal variations in sunlight and temperature.
2. In this hot, dry biome, populations of zebras, gazelles, and giraffes are concentrated around widely spaced watering holes.
3. Also called steppe or prairie, this biome has been extensively developed for agricultural use due to its nutrient-rich soils.
4. Despite having lush vegetation and diverse biological communities, the soil in this biome has low nutrient content and cannot support long-term agriculture.
5. This is the driest biome, where many plants have water-conserving features such as thick leaves and needles.
6. This biome is characterized by broad-leaved trees that lose their leaves each fall and remain dormant during winter.
Answer:
1. Tundra Biome, 2. Rainforest Biome, 3. Grassland Biome, 4. Taiga Biome, 5. Desert Biome, 6. Deciduous Forest Biome.
Explanation:
1. Tundra is known for arctic conditions, lying north of Taiga biome. There are large ranges in most climatic conditions here.
2. Found around the equator, variety of tropical animals and plants.
3. Vegetation is mostly grass, very flat land thus good for farming.
4. Also known as the Boreal forest biome. Much vegetation.
5. High evaporation rate, animals adapted to dry conditions.
6. Cold winters and warm summers, thus winter makes growing deciduous.
Answer:
1. Tundra
2. Savanna
3. Temperate grassland
4. Tropical rainforest
5. Desert
6. Temperate deciduous forest
Explanation:
1. Tundra: This is a biome where there are no trees due to the frozen components of the soil. They are located near the North Pole. Lichens and shrubs grow and survive in this biome.
2. Savanna: This is a biome that experience two weather seasons which are the Dry season and Wet season. The trees in a savanna are scattered and well spaced.
3. Temperate grassland: This is a biome that it's major vegetation are grasses. Trees or shrubs cannot be found in a Temperate grassland. The soils in a Temperate grassland are full of nutrients which is essential for plant growth.
4. Tropical rainforest: This is a rainforest that have tall trees and broad green leaves. The temperature in a tropical rainforest is warm and the atmosphere is moist. A tropical rainforest experiences a large amount of rainfall all through the year.
5. Desert: This is a place where there is no water. Plants find it very difficult to thrive in a biome. The weather is very hot and dry. Any plants that survives in a deserts has very thick cuticles which helps to prevent the loss of water from the plant by evaporation. Examples of such plants are Cactus.
6. Temperate deciduous forest: The leaves in a Temperate deciduous forest are very broad. The trees loose their leaves in a Temperate deciduous forest and also grow them back due to the changes in season such as Autumn, Spring, Winter, Summer.
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what was labeled by growing bacteriophage in 32P-containing medium?
A DNA
B proteins
C RNA
D lipids
E ghost phage particles
Answer: A DNA
Explanation:
The Hershey-Chase experiment was used to to confirm that DNA is genetic material.
Before that, scientists believed that proteins carried the information for inheritance, because DNA appeared to be an inert molecule located in the nucleus, and its role was considered to be phosphorus storage.
Bacteriophages infect a bacterium by injecting its genetic material into it. Hershey and Chase used a bacteriophage called T2 phage. To probe that DNA is the genetic material, they labeled its DNA with radioactive phosphorus-32. On the other hand, they labeled proteins of the phage with radioactive sulfur-35, this is because sulfur is contained in protein but not in DNA.
The phages infect a bacterium, injects the genetic material, hijacks the cell to make more phages, and then kills the bacterium by making it explode. In their experiments, Hershey and Chase probed that when bacteriophages infect bacteria, the genetic material injected is DNA. This is because phosphorus-32 was found in the bacterium.
there are many types of chemical reactions that happen in the body to build molecules, break down molecules and create energy. this is an example of which characteristics of life?
A. metabolism
B. growth
C. homeostasis
Answer:
The answer is A. metabolism.
Explanation:
Metabolism is the breakdown of food and its transformation into energy.
How could a bacteria become resistant to your tetracycline? Your answer should include the concepts of mutation and natural selection.
Answer: Tetracyclines are protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics that kill bacteria by preventing it to translate proteins in the ribosomes. They bind to 30s ribosomal subunits, inhibiting protein expression and translation.
Explanation:
Tetracycline drug resistant bacteria inherits genes from a parent bacterial cell that was exposed to the drug. As a result of exposure to tetracycline, the parent bacterial cell goes through a random mutation that can resist and survive this induced environmental pressure. The random mutation protects its ribosomes from the drugs inhibitory effect.
As evolution by natural selection explains, it then transfers that gene or mutation through horizontal gene transfer to its offspring. It occurs in a way that any daughter bacterial cell will become naturally resistant and survive in the presence of tetracycline.
Overall, membranes seem to have a great deal in common, but on closer inspection it is revealed that membranes of different cells have unique properties. What is the primary component of membranes that gives membranes cell-specific properties?
Answer: Proteins.
Explanation:
Proteins are organic molecules made of amino acids which are arranged in a linear chain and joined together through a peptide bond.
Membrane proteins are classified depending on their location:
Integral membrane proteins are part of a cell membrane and can either penetrate the membrane or associate with one side of a membrane. Peripheral membrane proteins are transiently associated with the cell membrane.They perform many important functions:
Membrane receptor proteins: relay signals between the internal and external environments. Transport proteins: move molecules and ions across the membrane. Membrane enzymes: transform a molecule into another formCell adhesion molecules: allow cells to identify each other.In 1865, a biologist, St. George Jackson Mivart, constructed an evolutionary tree of existing primate species with many branches based on analysis of spinal columns. But to his dismay, another tree based on limb comparison was quite different. Which of the following analyses would be best to include today to determine which tree is more accurate?
A) comparison of genes that control developmentB) comparison of eyes of primatesC) comparison of DNA sequences of primatesD) examination of evolutionary trees constructed by others.
Answer:
The correct answer is option C) "comparison of DNA sequences of primates".
Explanation:
Before DNA analysis was available, biologists took different approaches to construct evolutionary trees among the species. However these approaches were inaccurate and produced variabilities, such as the one constructed by St. George Jackson based on spinal columns analysis and the other tree based on limb comparisons. Nowadays, comparison of DNA sequences is the most widely and accepted method to generate evolutionary trees for being a highly accurate and reliable source to establish common ancestors among species.
Gregor Mendel carried out breeding experiments with garden peas in his monastery. Based on his experimental results he was able to explain how traits are inherited. This would be an example of deductive reasoning?
Mendel applies deductive logic to choose the most appropriate initial hypothesis, in the deductive method we go from the general to the particular to generate conclusions and is based on arguments and syllogisms. In the scientific method used by Mendel with his peas, he directly experiences on the object of study. It is called the deductive hypothetical method.
If this particular antigen attempts to re-infect Caleb, it’s in for a bigger fight. By getting activation of adaptive immune cells such as B-cells and T-cells, the body generates an extra layer of protection. What is a critical advantage for Caleb the next time he encounters this antigen?
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What is the function of the cholesterol molecules in a cell membrane?
A. They make it thicker
B. They make it more porous
C. They make it more fluid
D. They make it less flexible
Explanation:
C. They make it more fluid
Lipids are composed of fatty acids which form the hydrophilic head and glycerol which forms the hydrophilic tail; their arrangement can give these non-polar macromolecules hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Via diffusion, small water molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds.
The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water to diffuse across the membrane along the concentration gradient.
Transmembrane proteins are embedded within the membrane from the extracellular fluid to the cytoplasm, and are sometimes attached to glycoproteins (proteins attached to carbohydrates) which function as cell surface markers. Cholesterol, which is comparatively rigid, anchors other molecules attached to the membrane, maintain membrane stability or structural integrity and aid in separating some lipids, helping with membrane fluidity at low environmental temperatures.
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When Avery and his colleagues had obtained what was concluded to be the transforming factor from the IIIS virulent cells, they treated the fraction with proteases, RNase, and DNase, followed in each case by the assay for retention or loss of transforming ability. What were the purpose and results of these experiments? What conclusions were drawn?
Answer:
The fraction was treated with proteases and RNase to remove the contamination of protein and RNA respectively from the DNA sample.
Conclusion: DNA is the genetic material and is responsible for transformation. RNA and protein are not responsible for transformation.
Explanation:
Avery and his colleagues extracted the DNA from the heart killed virulent strains of bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. They showed that the DNA from the heat-killed virulent strains of the bacteria was able to transform the live nonvirulent strains into the virulent form.
There was a possibility of the presence of RNA or protein along with the extracted DNA. So, the RNA or protein could serve as a transforming factor but not the DNA.
To exclude the possibility of RNA or protein to serve as heredity material, they treated the extract from the heat-killed virulent strains with DNase, RNase and proteases separately.
It was shown that the extract treated with RNase or protease was able to bring about transformation while the extract treated with DNase could not transform the nonvirulent strains.
Hence, it was concluded that DNA was the genetic material and the molecule responsible for transformation.
Mycorrhizal fungi are sometimes purposely introduced to new areas of land that are used for growing plants for commercial uses (e.g., landscaping, crop production, timber production). What would be the benefit of doing this?
Answer: The fungi help facilitate horticulture, agriculture and forestry.
Explanation:
A mycorrhizal association is a symbiotic mutualistic association between the land plants and the fungi. The fungus colonizes over the host plant roots and supplies mineral nutrients from the soil in return the plant receive sugars by the process of photosynthesis.
Thus the fungi will help in healthy growth of plants. Hence, facilitate in horticulture, agriculture and forestry.
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If you run as fast as you can, your muscles may begin to feel weak and have a burning sensation. Explain what is occuring in your muscle cells that accounts for this muscle fatigue.
A.) Inadequate supply of glucose to muscle cells leads to alcohol fermentation
B.) Excessive supply of oxygen to muscle cells leads to mitochondrial autolysis
C.) Excessive supply of ATP to muscle cells leads to hypertonic conditions
D.) Inadequate supply of oxygen to muscle cells leads to lactic acid fermentation
At this stage muscles used up oxygen and can't get more fast enough so, they go through lactic acid fermentation. The muscle builds up lactic acid fermentation makes the muscle fatigue
Answer:
The answer Is D
Explanation:
Test answer
Can you sequence the steps in the eutrophication process that occurs in a body of water Part A Drag each statement to the appropriate location in the flowchart of the eutrophication process. Nutrients promote More phytoplankton phytoplankton die and settle to the growth, and bottom, where they Nutrients enter a Aquatic life in and waterway in near the sediment elevated increase are metabolized by flees or suffocates. phytoplankton concentrations. bacteria. density in waters. Hypoxic conditions arise in the deep water above the sediments.
Answer:
The first cause of eutrophication is the increase level of nutrients in water.
Explanation:
Then the other effect follow:
1.- Nutrients promote more phytoplanckton at the surface of the body water.
2.- phytoplancton die and settle down at the bottom.
3.- since in the bottom there is no much more sun, the algae at the bottom start to die, plus the phytoplacton that is falling, the sediment at the bottom start to grow.
4.- Since there is any living thing that can produces oxygen in water( it produces hypoxic conditions), other living things start to die.
The eutrophication process in a body of water includes the entry of nutrients near the sediment, promoting the growth of phytoplankton, which eventually die and settle to the bottom where they are metabolized by bacteria. This process leads to hypoxic conditions in the deep water, affecting aquatic life.
Eutrophication Process:Nutrients enter a waterway near the sediment.Nutrients promote the growth of more phytoplankton.Phytoplankton density increases in the water.Phytoplankton die and settle to the bottom, where they are metabolized by bacteria.Bacteria metabolize the phytoplankton, consuming oxygen and creating hypoxic conditions above the sediments in the deep water.Aquatic life in the waterway experiences elevated nutrient concentrations, leading to suffocation or fleeing.Learn more about Eutrophication process here:https://brainly.com/question/33307198
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Scientists counted all the different types of trees in Osborne Forest in 1950 and then again in 2000. The scientists saw that Osborne Forest did not change very much during the 50 years. What did change in Osborne Forest? A. Birch trees accounted for 40% less of the forest's trees in 2000. B. Birch trees accounted for 40% more of the forest's trees in 2000. C. Beech trees accounted for 30% less of the forest's trees in 2000. D. Beech trees accounted for 30% more of the forest's trees in 2000.
The forest experienced a decrease in the proportion of beech trees. This represents a significant change in the forest's ecosystem. Option C is correct.
Option C is correct: Beech trees accounted for 30% less of the forest's trees in 2000.
The change observed in Osborne Forest was a decrease in the proportion of beech trees over the 50 years from 1950 to 2000. This is supported by the specific mention of beech trees accounting for 30% less of the forest's trees in 2000.
This change in tree composition is a significant shift in the forest's ecosystem over the studied period.