Answer:
D. is the correct answer
Explanation:
Question 5 (1 point)
Which statement best expresses the Western perspective regarding Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden"?
Ob
О с
Od
о е
Europeans must protect existing African and Asian economies.
Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European peoples.
Europeans should preserve traditional cultures in Africa and Asia.
Europeans suffered great hardships in exploring new trade routes to Asia.
Europeans are naturally stronger and are in a struggle to compete to get stronger.
Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European peoples is the statement which best expresses the Western perspective regarding Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden".
Option b
Explanation:
The White Man's Burden is a famous poem by Rudyard Kipling, which is based on American and European Imperialism. It represents the time during which America changed its foreign policy and expand. According to this poem, the Americans and Europeans considered themselves as the superior race, whose job is to enlighten the path of other inferior races.
They also believed that it was their duty to improve the lives of the people living under their control by civilizing them. Hence, alternative B correctly represents the western perspective.
Final answer:
The Western perspective on "white man's burden" portrayed European imperialistic duty to civilize non-European peoples, under the guise of moral obligation and natural superiority.
Explanation:
The Western perspective on Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden" often reflects the imperialistic view that Europeans had a duty to introduce the supposed benefits of their civilization to non-European peoples.
Underlying this outlook was a belief in social Darwinism, which assumed that Europeans were naturally superior and, therefore, responsible for civilizing other parts of the world—a philosophy embodied in Kipling's work.
This ideology was used as a justification for colonial expansion, projecting a moral imperative to uplift and educate, as seen through imperialist policies such as Britain’s ‘civilizing mission’ and America’s expansion during the Spanish-American War.
Europeans introduced Western religions, education, clothing, and certain sports, like cricket and baseball, which were considered mechanisms to instill Western values in the colonized societies.
Why do you think Wilson added these paragraphs? How do you think these words made Americans feel?
Answer:
President Woodrow Wilson:The 28th president of the United State great difficulties when the World war broke in the era of 1914. As he had the idea not indulge the American people in any war, along with that the President did not wanted the Congress to pass any bill which would lead the Country or system in to the war.
Explanation:
The German Attacks and the Protests:
The Germans did not backed up from attacking on the United States. As, there were shipments of the United States in the Atlantic Ocean which were attacked by the German boats. As they termed it as attack on the reinforcements provided by the US to its European allies, which was not the case as the US congress did not pass any law to indulge in any wart time venture. But, due to the attack on the flee more then 128 US citizens were killed by the German. As this event resulted in a protest against the country and the people pushed the President to response quickly to the German attack in the Atlantic ocean.
So, for that reason President Wilson changed his plans, and asked the US Congress to vote for the declaration of War against the Germans and there allies. As the US which was once against been inside the war now declared it against the Germans to the public opinion and pressure from them on the system.Wilson added these paragraphs to rally support for American involvement in the war and instill a sense of unity among Americans. The words aimed to make Americans feel a sense of patriotism and prioritize their identity as Americans first.
Explanation:As president, Wilson added paragraphs to convey his message and rally support for American involvement in the war. He initiated a propaganda campaign with the message of 'America First,' emphasizing the importance of Americans prioritizing their national identity above their home country's nationality. These words aimed to make Americans feel a sense of unity and patriotism, encouraging them to support the war effort and ensure an American victory.
13. What was the most notable valuable metal mined by Spanish colonizers in South and Central America during the colonial era?
0 A. Tin
B. Titanium
C. Silver
D. Iron
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Silver was the most valuable metal mined by the Spanish colonizers in South and Central America.
Answer:
Among the options here: C. Silver.
Explanation:
Spanish adventurers looked for gold and silver in the New World, one the top motives of their conquest and colonization. Gonzalo Pizarro got his hands on the gold of the Inca Empire, which was immense. Silver was extracted from Potosí for many centuries in what is present-day Bolivia.
What does the fifth ammendment guarantee?
Answer:
The Fifth Amendment gives citizens many guarantees concerning criminal and civil legal proceedings. It gives the right to a due process; a right to a grand jury in criminal cases; it protects against self-incrimination; and it prohibits double-jeopardy. It also forbids taking private property for public use without a just compensation.
Explanation:
Which of the following was the most important question at the heart of the Cold War
The most important question at the heart of the Cold War is Who would emerge as he ultimate super-power- United States or the Soviet Union.
Explanation:
At the end of World War II with the split of Germany and political upheaval in Europe, Europe no longer remained a power in the world leaving only United States and Soviet Union or the USSR. These two bloc or super powers then indulged in a cold war to show their powers and try to emerge as the only super power.
The countries were different in their political outlook as well as ideologies and tried to prove their supremacy. USA and USSR were never involved in a direct conflict but supported proxy wars between other countries thereby showing their power and support. However with the disintegration of Soviet Union in 1991, United States emerged as the only super power.
Answers:
A. Which country would control the global economy, the US or the USSR?
B. Which country would control trade coming out of East Asia, the US or the USSR?
C. Which countries would be in charge of the United Nations, those that supported democracy or those that supported communism?
D. Would communism be allowed to spread to nations outside of Russia and Eastern Europe?
Explanation: I don't know the answer yet.
What has king George dissolved which has allowed him to invade the rights of the people
The correct answer is "Representative Houses."
Further Explanation:
President Jefferson wrote about King George III in the Declaration of Independence. he condemned the King for dissolving the "Representatives Houses." He did this so that he could invade the rights of all of his people.
King George was still over the colonists and enacted the Massachusetts Government Act. This is the reason why he was written about in the Declaration of Independence. He only did this so that Massachusetts and Boston could be punished over the Boston Tea Party. This coercive act came into being in 1774.
Learn more about Representatives Houses at https://brainly.com/question/1233321
#LearnwithBrainly
Brainlist for quickest and correct answer in next 5 mins.
the International role of the United States changed as a result of World War I. what was the long-term effect of this change?
Answer:
I did this before. Either has to be A or C.
Answer: the answer is c
What happened on the amistad?
Answer:
In January 1839, 53 African natives were kidnapped from eastern Africa and sold into the Spanish slave trade. They were then placed aboard a Spanish slave ship bound for Havana, Cuba. ... The slaves then revolted, killing most of the crew of the Amistad, including her cook and captain.
what human characteristics does Venezuela share with nearby regions or countries?
Answer in full sentences
The people of Venezuela followed the religion of catholic Christianity like the neighbors and spoke Spanish like it's neighboring countries.
Explanation:
In the country of Venezuela, there were a lot of people who had migrated from Spain and countries of Africa, Arabs. This influenced the religion of Venezuela and people followed catholic Christianity as the main religion of the country. The most popular language of the country is also Spanish. This is also like the neighboring countries and the regions of Venezuela.
Along with job specialization came:
divisions of farming practices
the development of writing and language
the rise of social classes
a new way to blend cultures
Job specialization is a strong historical feature of the Industrial Revolution. It happened during the early days of what we came to know as capitalism and gave birth to a society divided into social classes (C).
The Industrial Revolution radically changed the organization of labor the world knew so far. Inventions like the steam engine, leading to the steamboat and the steam locomotive, made the production process much faster, increased it to levels never seen before and reshaped society. This new accelerated production required different types and rhythms of work which created the proletariat and turned the bourgeoisie, a group who had been a few centuries in the making since Renaissance, into one of the most prominent of the society. From then on society would be defined by its class division.
Answer:
The rise of social classes (C)
Explanation:
In 1951, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that state laws promoting segregated public schools were
unconstitutional. This ruling, which is referred to as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka(1951) was
considered a landmark decision. Which of the following interest groups most likely supported this ruling?
The Rainbow Coalition
The National Rifle Association (NRA)
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The National Education Association (NEA)
The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) would most likely supported this ruling.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Segregated schools are different types of schools that are based on the children's race. The children were allowed to go to the schools that meant for them. A great civil rights dispute happened during that period by NAACP. Du Bois with some of the African American intellects formed this NAACP in 1905.
They fought for the civil rights and respect of the African American peoples. It was a big achievement for the NAACP when the Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional to look discrimination in education. Since they had a series of successful lawsuits to remove the segregation from its roots.
what was the charlottesville rally supposed to be about
Answer:
It was a rally to unite the right. Nazis, neo confederates, neo-fascists, white nationalists and all other evil organizations suck as the klansmen joined forces and marched on the streets. They carried semi-automatic rifles and chanted anti jew, white supremacists slogans and threats. After the rally, they went into hiding again since the public was not very fond of their racist and bigoted, scientifically unsupported claims based on their feelings.
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST AND 1000 POINTS IF ANSWERED IN 30 SECONDS
The economic activities of the English colonies during the late-17th and early-18th centuries could be described as
A) agricultural in both
B) industrial in the south and agricultural in the north
C) industrial in the north and agricultural in the south
D) industrial in both
Answer:
C
Explanation:
many reasons but you wanted it quick
20. Which goal is generally outside the realm of a free enterprise government?
keeping the economy stable and secure so that Investors can invest and consumers can buy
deciding what products need to be produced and controlling the prices so that all citizens may benefit
preventing sudden price shifts that hurt consumers and producers
monitoring and regulating banks and protecting deposits by insuring them
The correct answer is B) deciding what products need to be produced and controlling the prices so that all citizens may benefit.
The goal that is generally outside the realm of a free enterprise government is "deciding what products need to be produced and controlling the prices so that all citizens may benefit."
The most important goals of a government in a free enterprise system such as the one in the United States, are to ensure that the market is fair so everybody can participate; to ensure that the needs of the people are met maintaining the safety for the people; regulating banks to protect deposits and avoid a financial crisis; offering the proper climate for investors so they can feel free and secure when investing their money; and with these measures, the government tries to combat poverty.
Match each statement with the person or groups it applied to under the social systems of the Middle Ages.
Answer:
Explanation:
peasants:worked the land had few rights
kings:granted land to others had most power
nobles:controlled fiefs;had some rights
women:considered second class citizens
monks:scribes;religious men
Hope its right and it helps ⊂:
The statement with the person or groups it applied to under the social systems of the Middle Ages
women: considered second-class citizensmonks: scribes; religious menking: granted land to others; had most powernobles: vassals; controlled fiefs; had some rightspeasants: worked the land; few rightsIn the social systems of the Middle Ages, women were often marginalized and considered inferior to men, having limited rights and opportunities.
Monks played a significant role in religious life and education, serving as scribes and religious scholars. Kings held ultimate authority and granted land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service.
Nobles, as vassals, controlled fiefs granted by the king, enjoying privileges and rights.
Peasants formed the majority of the population, working the land in exchange for protection but possessing few rights and living under harsh conditions.
What was the meaning of the Albany Plan?
The colonies needed to join together to kill the Indians.
The colonies needed to join together to kill the British.
The colonies would all die from no food.
The colonies needed to work together as one or die.
Answer:
Its either B or D
Explanation:
Sorry I couldn't give you an exact answer
Answer:
The Answer is A and D
Explanation:
Read the excerpt from Act l, Scene i of Romeo and Juliet
Capulet: What noise is this? Give me my long sword, hol
Lady Capulet. A crutch, a crutch! Why call you for a sword?
Capulet: My sword, I sayl Old Montague is come
And flourishes his blade in spite of mer!
What is the purpose of this dialogue
to foreshadow the tragedy
to describe the setting
to provide comic rekef
to help build suspense
The purpose of this given dialogue is to describe the setting.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The opening act and the first scene consists of a brawl between Montague and Capulet. This is one of the many brawls which have been going on for a long time between the two houses as that has included some major rivalries in the past too.
This makes the setting of the play as the brawl between the two houses is the setting of the play and how Romeo and Juliet’s story proceeds and concludes accordingly.
Answer:
describe the serting
Explanation:
Answer the following question in one to two well-written paragraphs. Which of the following have the greatest impact in determining and shaping public policy - the
media or individual citizens? Be sure to explain your reasoning and support your answer with at least one example
Answer:
See explanation below.
Explanation:
The one that has the most impact is the one that has the most range of influence based on the number of people that they can reach at one time. The Media can impact and influence many. Individuals have a much smaller voice. What I mean by voice, is how many people can be exposed to the views of each. One individual or even a group might be able to use an online presence to present their ideas on the internet.
The Media comes with much better financing than an individual or group of individuals. The greater amount of money allows for much wider presence on the Internet. Creating very interesting websites, videos, sending interviewers to different areas in the world, and doing research are just examples of things that can cost a lot of money. Individuals would generally not be able to try to gain influence, due to this difference in financial ability.
However, the exception is an individual that has significant wealth. Someone with many billions of dollars for example, might be able to have much greater ability to reach and influence others. Also, when an individual owns a company like that does social media, they might have much more ability to influence others than might be expected. They might exceed the influence of some Media companies.
Hope this helps! Have an Awesome Day!! :-)
The media and individual citizens both have a great impact on determining and shaping public policy. Without media, citizens do not have knowledge of what policies are introduced into the political agenda. Unless citizens have time to leave their current job to get deeply involved in political issues without media support.
How does the media influence which issues make it onto policy agendas?
The media plays an influential role in how citizens learn about political issues and events. Media coverage also affects the formation of policy agendas by raising awareness of certain topics, which can increase public demand for government action.
Learn more about media here: brainly.com/question/26152499
#SPJ2
Explain how three different innovations and cultural achievements affected American life during 1920s. HELP PLEASEEE!!! 20 POINTS!
Answer:
Movies and radio in the 1920s also made our country more homogeneous. Immigrants assimilate into American society over time. The media of the 1920s helped to speed the assimilation for the new Americans, as well as setting us on the path to losing our regional differences.
Baseball was the “national pastime” in the 1920s. More people went to baseball games, more people followed baseball, and more people played baseball for fun than any other sport. ... Ruth was the perfect hero for the Roaring Twenties. The 1920s also was a decade when college football became more popular.
The 1920s were an age of dramatic social and political change. For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. The nation's total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929, and this economic growth swept many Americans into an affluent but unfamiliar “consumer society.”
Answer:BIO
Explanation:
What is Alfred T Mahans role in promoting imperialism ?Does he represent political,economic, militaristic, or moral imperialism ?
Plz explain and help
Role of Alfred T Mahans in promoting imperialism:
Alferd T. Mahan in his letter promoted imperialism and supported political, economic and moral imperialism. Alfred Thayer Mahan, the chief spokesperson of the imperialist era, is a maritime strategist and president of the United States Naval School, author of the book "The Influence Of Sea Power Upon History" in which he wrote: Whoever rules the waves rules the world.
According to Alfred, the United States must become one of the most important naval forces, helping the country win wars and become a global power. He supported political, economic and moral imperialism. As Alfred said, they are led by naval forces that aimed to strengthen the US economy and raised fear of political forces.
The deaths of Buddy Holly, the Big Bopper, and Ritchie Valens are marked as "the day the music____”
The deaths of Buddy Holly, the Big Bopper, and Ritchie Valens are marked as "the day the music died.”
Explanation:
The Day the Music Died is the name for the crash of a small passenger plane, Beachcraft Bonanza, that occurred on February 3, 1959, near Clear Lake, killing the pilot and all three passengers. These three passengers were Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper Richardson and were considered one of the biggest stars of American rock and roll at the time of their deaths. The tragic end of three young and popular musicians at the height of their careers left a deep impression on their fans as well as contemporaries and became the subject of numerous references in American popular culture.Learn more on The Day the Music Died on
https://brainly.com/question/1810594
#learnwithBrainly
Answer:
the answer is died
Explanation:
The quote below was written by Thomas Paine in his 1776 pamphlet, Common Sense.
"Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America."
This quote points out that colonists were not just English but from all parts of Europe. Why would Paine argue this point?
A. To prove America is not and was never European
B. To get colonists to move their loyalty away from England and the king
C. To convince colonists to believe their ancestors were from Europe
D. To make the colonists consider moving to places other than England
Answer:
B. To get colonists to move their loyalty away from England and the king
Explanation:
The whole point of the Pain's pamphlet Common sense was to argue that independence from England is a necessity.
He is trying to move away from people from the ideas monarchy towards the republic and equality.
This is why he tried to convince people with this line that whole Europe is a parent country of America, that they shouldn't pledge their allegiances to England and the crown, and that they should look for more independence and equality in other sources.
Answer:
b to get colonist to move from the king
Explanation:
I took the test
The receptacle is:
-the female reproductive cell
-the stalk of the flower
-the structure which holds the pollen
WICH ONE
Answer:
The Stalk of the Flower
Explanation:
The Second Answer
What is the author’s main purpose for writing this article?
Answer: I dont really understand what your trying to ask, pls check your question
Explanation:
... I already explained (above)
Every article written by a Supreme Court justice can serve different purposes depending on what it talks about, the situation it is written in, and the personal viewpoint or goals of the justice who wrote it.
What is the main purpose?Supreme Court judges can write articles for different reasons. For example, they may write to express their legal opinions, analyze legal problems, share thoughts on constitutional matters, or contribute to legal research.
The writer wants to share true facts with the reader. To convince: The writer wants to make the reader agree with a certain opinion or do something specific. To Entertain: The writer wants to interest and make the reader happy using stories, jokes, or other ways.
Read more about main purpose here:
https://brainly.com/question/14945507
#SPJ1
Which of the following reform measures could voters use against a mayor they oppose?
Answer:
a recall
Explanation:
Answer: recalled
Explanation:
What is a battlement?
Answer:
A parapet at the top of a wall, especially of a fort or castle, that has regularly spaced squared openings for shooting through. Hope this helped!
what prevented some stampeders from reaching the yukon territory
Final answer:
Stampeders heading to the Yukon Territory faced numerous challenges including illness, starvation, accidents, extreme weather, and conflicts with Native American tribes. Geopolitical efforts to manage these movements, such as the Proclamation Line and later treaties, had mixed success. Natural obstacles like difficult terrain and harsh climate also played significant roles in preventing some travelers from reaching their destination.
Explanation:
Many challenges prevented some stampeders from reaching the Yukon Territory during the great migrations of the 19th century, which coincided with events like the California Gold Rush and the push toward manifest destiny. Among these challenges were the dangers of the trails themselves, including illness, starvation, accidents, and extreme weather conditions. Harsh environmental factors coupled with the sheer physical exertion required to travel vast distances often on foot, with limited supplies and resources, made it a perilous endeavor.
Moreover, the interaction with Native American tribes, who were often wrongly blamed for conflicts, led to further complications. With the establishment of the Proclamation Line in 1763 and later treaties like the Horse Creek Council of 1851 and the Fort Atkinson Council of 1853, there were attempts by the British government and the American government, respectively, to manage the movements of settlers and reduce conflicts with indigenous populations. Despite these efforts, setbacks such as treaty violations and mismanagement of relations with Native Americans could make the journey more dangerous for travelers.
In addition to geopolitical factors, natural obstacles and environmental conditions also played a significant role in hindering the progress of many travelers headed to the Yukon. The treacherous terrain of the Rocky Mountains, lack of proper maps and navigation tools, and being unprepared for the harsh climate conditions all contributed to difficulties faced by those seeking fortune in the Yukon Territory.
how Christianity helped to unify the Byzantine empire
from attacks by the Seljuk Turks. What religion were the
Seljuk Turks? How did this influence actions taken by
Byzantine emperor Alexius I and Pope Urban II?
Byzantine Emperor Alexius did not have enough power to go against the Seljuk Turks who had settled outside the gates of Byzantium, so he invited Christian rulers in the west to join forces against a common Islamic enemy. So, in addition to that Seljuk Turks were Muslims.
This will prove to be one of the most significant (and by Byzantium as one of the most disastrous) decisions in the history of the Empire, the Christian world and the history of relations between Christians and Muslims.
Roman Pope Urban used this invitation to help end the centuries-old aspirations of Roman Catholic leaders to annex the Byzantine Church to the Roman Catholic subjugation. Therefore, in 1095, at the council in Clermont, he called on the entire Western Christian world to take up arms under the sign of the cross and to embark on a campaign to retake Jerusalem from the hands of the unbelievers. This was followed by an incredible and unexpectedly massive response from warriors from all parts of the western countries from the Mediterranean to the North Sea, and one of the points on their journey was Constantinople.
Explanation:
The Byzantine emperor Alexius expected help in the form of a smaller number of mercenary units from the west and was completely unprepared for a huge and undisciplined army of armed savages who soon arrived in the Byzantine territories. Most of the leaders from the west were Normans, and Emperor Alexius allowed them to pass through Constantinople only on the condition that they swear that all the liberated territories would belong to Byzantium. The Norman promises to Byzantium were quickly broken as soon as the first unbelieving territories and cities were conquered, including Antioch, which was adopted as a feud by the Norman Bohemund, son of the famous Norman conqueror Robert, proclaiming himself the Prince of Antioch.Learn more on Seljuk Turks on
https://brainly.com/question/5340864
https://brainly.com/question/1909114
#learnwithBrainly
Final answer:
Christianity served as a unifying force for the Byzantine Empire during the Seljuk attacks by fostering ideological solidarity against Islam. Emperor Alexius I appealed for aid to Pope Urban II, leading to the First Crusade, which shaped a religious conflict between Christian Europe and the Muslim Seljuk Turks. The Byzantine Empire ultimately fell to the Ottomans, marking the end of the Middle Ages.
Explanation:
The Byzantine Empire sought unity and strength through Christianity amidst the threats from the Seljuk Turks, who practiced Islam. This religious distinction played a pivotal role in the actions of Byzantine emperor Alexius I and Pope Urban II. After the 1071 defeat at the Battle of Manzikert, the empire suffered internal issues and territorial loss, prompting Alexius I to seek assistance. He anticipated secular mercenary support, but Pope Urban II reframed the struggle as a holy endeavor, thus launching the Crusading movement. The First Crusade in 1095 sought to reclaim Jerusalem, galvanizing Christian Europe with promises of salvation and spiritual rewards, effectively externalizing European conflict and addressing overpopulation and violence at home.
This religious backdrop shaped the Byzantine appeals for aid and instigated the broader Christian mobilization for the Crusades. The shared Christian belief served as a unifying ideological force against the perceived Islamic threat and deepened the engagement between Western and Eastern Christian realms. However, the anticipated military support developed into a broader religious conflict that only partially addressed the Byzantine Empire's immediate need for defense against the Seljuks.
Despite efforts to bolster defenses through alliances and appeals to Christian solidarity, the Byzantine Empire's political instability and continuous external pressures culminated in the fall of Constantinople in 1453, signifying the empire's ultimate demise and the rise of the Ottoman Turks, thus ending the Middle Ages and ushering in the early modern era.
explain the connection between wealth and art
Wealth and the arts are intertwined with the wealthy traditionally dictating the path of art through commissioning and collecting, and art often serving as a symbol of wealth and power.
Explanation:The connection between wealth and art is multifaceted, as both symbols of affluence and as drivers of cultural and societal development. Throughout history, the wealthy have heavily influenced art by patronizing, commissioning, and collecting works of art, thus shaping the art landscape.
Individuals like Andrew Carnegie used their wealth for societal improvement, funding the arts among other things. This helped in promoting art in a way that underscored their knowledge of art and culture, creating high-profile spaces for the appreciation and growth of the arts.
Wealth also affects interpretations of art. In society, art can serve as a symbol of wealth and power, implying certain attributes about the owner such as affluence, intellect or cultured taste. Hence, art and wealth can be seen as intertwined, each impacting and shaping the other.
Learn more about Wealth and Art here:https://brainly.com/question/15371932
#SPJ12
how did cathedrals help increase business and trade in towns and cities
By the tenth century, many of these Roman cities had been abandoned, or had been reduced to fortresses, cathedrals, or monasteries with a nearby village, often enclosed by part of the old Roman wall. Nevertheless, they were still centers of population and generated a certain amount of traffic. Some village artisans moved to these centers, increasing their population and importance. The long-distance traders often found these locations convenient for breaking their journey, selling some of their goods, dividing cargo, or even trading with merchants arriving from distant parts. They often established residences and warehouses (called "factories") in the villages adjacent to the main administrative centers and took the lead in restoring and extending the old Roman walls to complete the defenses of an essentially new manufacturing and commercial center.
The presence of a population of artisans and merchants attracted a number of other specialists such as physicians, apothecaries, teachers, parchment-makers, scribes, lawyers, cobblers, furriers, butchers, bakers, cooks, prostitutes, barbers, tailors, and all of the other tradesmen necessary to support an urban population. Some of these centers developed some specialty of local manufacture.