Answer:
A
Explanation:
Edge 2021
Which classes of antibodies is most likely to be made by the oldest plasma cell in a population of b cells?
Options are not provided in teh question. The complete question is as following:
Which of the following classes of antibodies is most likely to be made by the oldest plasma cell in a population of B cells?
a. IgM
b. IgG
c. IgA
d. None of the listed responses is correct.
Answer:
c. IgA
Explanation:
Specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells) contain antibodies. The mature B cells, or plasma cells, secrete millions of antibodies into the lymphatic system and the bloodstream. The plasma cell antibodies have the exact same antigen-binding site and specificity as the precursors to their B cells. Five different types of antibodies are present in humans: IgA, IgM, IgG, IgD,IgE.
In the oldest plasma cell igA classes of antobodies are present because initially plasma cells secret IgM but it switch and forms IgG, as the plasm aget older ans switch of antibodies takes place for scond time they can make IgA or IgE.
Hence, the correct option is c. IgA.
A momma cat has both solid black and solid white sons. You can conclude she was ____
A. Heterozygous
B. Pure breeding
C. Homozygous Recessive
D. Homozygous Dominant
Answer:
A. Heterozygous
Explanation:
A heterozygous trait involves an organism having one copy of two different alleles.
The B- represents the solid color black trait
The b- represents the solid color white trait.
This is said to be a heterozygous trait because it contains two expressed traits.
Answer: Option A.
Explanation:
Heterozygous means that an organism has two different alleles of a gene. E.g an allele for Black is B and allele for white is b. If a cat has Bb, it has heterozygous alleles.
The momma cat is heterozygous because she has both allele for solid black and solid white.
The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
Answer:
The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
protozoa
Explanation:
Protozoa contain parasites that are habor by mammals as their host
The diagram shows a forest food web.
Which organism is both a secondary and tertiary
consumer?
rabbit
TOX
grasshopper
shrew
Shrew
Snake
Mouse
Grasshopper
Rabbit
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The primary as well as secondary consumer is the fox in the diagram. Thus, option B is correct.
What are the consumers?Organisms in the food web are:
producersconsumersdecomposersProducers are the organisms which are mostly autotrophic and produce their own food by photosynthesis.
The organisms which are herbivores and eat only plant matter are primary consumers. The organisms which eat primary consumers or herbivores are called secondary consumers and organisms which feed on both primary and secondary consumers are called as tertiary consumers.
Organisms which eat dead and decaying plant and animal remains are called as decomposers.
Therefore fox is secondary and tertiary consumer. Hence, option E is correct.
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The question is incomplete, but most probably the complete question is,
What type of succession
will occur if a parking lot
is abandoned for 1000
years?
Answer:
Primary Succession
Explanation:
Because no organisms previously lived on it. Parking lots can be considered
like rocks, which also undergo primary succession. Overtime soil will be blown onto the parking lot and if not maintained plants
will begin to grow thus starting new life.
Primary succession will occur if parking lot is abandoned for 1000 years.
What is primary succession?The process of establishing plant and animal communities in a place that was previously devoid of life, like barren rock or a recently formed island, is known as primary succession.
Lichens and mosses would first colonize the bare pavement in the abandoned parking lot as the first stage of primary succession, which would then be followed by the emergence of grasses, shrubs, and eventually trees.
A more diverse and complex ecosystem would eventually develop as a result of the plant community's ability to sustain and attract a wide range of species over time, including insects, birds, and mammals.
Depending on a variety of environmental circumstances, the total process of primary succession may take hundreds or even thousands of years.
Thus, the answer is primary succession.
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Emulsion of fatty acids is necessary to _____.
a. break the intramolecular bonds
b. expose hidden bacteria in the fatty bolus
c. increase the surface area available for hydrolysis by lipase
d. trigger secretion of pancreatic enzymes
e. pass these molecules through the stomach
Answer:
c. increase the surface area available for hydrolysis by lipase
Explanation:
Emulsification of fats(fatty acid) is a chemical reaction where large molecules(globules) of fats are broken down into a smaller molecules (droplets) by the action of an emulsifier.
In the human body, emulsification takes places in the duodenum during the process of digestion of fats. When large fat molecules have been broken down into smaller fat molecules by action of an emulsifier called bile salts from the gall bladder, a larger surface area is created which makes it possible for the enzyme lipase from the pancreas to react with or act on fat molecules through the process of hydrolysis thereby converting the fats to fatty acids and glycerol for use by the body.
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
The emulsification of fats is necessary so as to allow to easy break down of large molecules of fats into smaller droplets increasing their surface are such that enzymes like lipases can act on them, digest them breaking them down into fatty acids and glycerol to be easily absorbed by the small intestine.
which statement can be made about the evolutionary relationship between a bird and a butterfly
Answer: Birds and butterflies have homologous organs, which indicate they share a common ancestor.
Explanation:
The stimulation of b cells to divide and mature is provided by
Answer & explanation:
B cells or B lymphocytes are produced and divided initially in the yolk sac (structure that stores the calf, a substance responsible for the nutrition of an embryo), then in the liver and later in the bone marrow, where they remain in the form of lymphoid progenitor cells until their maturation .
B cells are responsible for ensuring humoral immunity, characterized by the immune response through the production of antibodies, in order to fight invading cells such as infections by viruses or bacteria.
The stimulation of b cells to divide and mature is provided by T helper cells.
B cells participate in humoral immunity, this is characterized by the production and release of antibodies in order to destroy the antigens for which they were created.
The antigens that induce the activation of B cells can be protein, polysaccharides, lipids, etc, according to what type of antigen they require the participation of T helper cells.
T helper cells have receptors for MHCII in their membrane and binding for costimulators, which when they interact with these, activate T helper cells.Once activated, these secrete cytokines to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of B cells.Cytokines are not specific for each antigen, although they have been secreted by the activation of a specific T helper cell.Cytokines stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of B cells and they determine what type of immunoglobulin genes will be produced by the activation of B cells.Therefore, we can conclude that the stimulation of b cells to divide and mature is provided by T helper cells.
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the fusing of egg and sperm forms a
Answer:
zygot
Explanation:
Answer:
it forms a zygote
Explanation:
fertilization occurs when the nucleus of both a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid cell, known as zygote. The successful fusion of gametes form a new organism.
pH 6.5 , pH 6.0 , pH 55 , pH 5.0 pH 45 pH 4.0
3
Trout
Effect of Environmental Change on Organisms/Populations Question
(8.11B):
The graph below shows the pH tolerance level for different organisms
in a freshwater ecosystem. What would most likely happen if the pH
of the pond water dropped from 5.5 to 4.5?
Bass
Perch
Frogs
Salamanders
Clams
Select one:
Crayfish
Snails
Mayfly
O
The populations of all organisms would increase.
O
The populations of most organisms would decrease.
O
The populations of one or two organisms would decrease.
O
The populations of most organisms would not change.
Answer:
The populations of one or two organisms would decrease.
Explanation:
Describe: Imagine a rock on a beach and a rock on the side of a mountain. How
would the factors that control weathering be different for these two rocks?
Answer:
mountainside: temperature extremes have more influencebeach: wind and waves have more influenceExplanation:
It depends on what you mean by "factors that control weathering" and where the beach and mountain are located.
If we assume that the rock on the mountain is at a place that has seasonal snow, and the beach is in a temperate climate, then we can make these observations.
The rock on the mountainside will be "weathered" by freezing and thawing, and by plant growth (roots). These will tend to enlarge any cracks in the rock, breaking it apart. While the mountainside may be windy, that wind may not carry particles that would tend to erode the rock surface.
__
The rock on a beach will be most affected by wave and water action, tending to smooth any exposed surface. Freezing and thawing action is less common, due to the moderating influence of the water on the local weather. In some cases, plant growth may also be a factor. Wind may pick up beach sand, further tending to smooth any exposed surfaces.
How does the rate of photosynthesis compare to the rate of cellular respiration in producers?
While photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. It is the released oxygen that is used by us and most other organisms for cellular respiration. Without any oxygen, much less ATP would be produced.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
A woman who can roll her tongue (presumably dominant) is married to a man who cannot. Two of their four children can roll their tongues and two cannot. If A = roll tongue and a = cannot roll tongue, then what is the genotype of the parents?
Answer:
50-50%
Explanation:
When did Wallace and Darwin go on their research expedition
Answer: galapagos island
Explanation:
they went here in 1835 and it allowed darwin to formulate his ideas on natural selection
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace went on their research expeditions at different times. Darwin's journey around the world on H.M.S. Beagle took place from 1831 to 1836, while Wallace conducted his studies between 1848 to 1852 in the Amazon and between 1854 to 1862 in the Malay Archipelago.
Explanation:Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, two significant naturalists in the mid-nineteenth century, independently embarked on their research expeditions at different times to study the principles of evolution. Darwin embarked on an expedition around the world on H.M.S. Beagle from 1831 to 1836, visiting regions including South America, Australia, and the southern tip of Africa. His journey included a significant stop at the Galápagos Islands near Ecuador, where his observance of varying beak shapes among finches contributed to his evolutionary theories.
Alfred Russel Wallace, on his part, conducted his research expedition from 1848 to 1852 in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, collecting insects, and later from 1854 to 1862 in the Malay Archipelago. Later, in 1858, both Darwin and Wallace presented their scientific papers on natural selection at the Linnean Society in London.
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If animals had alternation of generations like plants, ________. a) they would have twice as rapid a population growth rate as compared to their current rates b) the products of mitosis would undergo meiosis c) the products of meiosis would immediately fuse to form a zygote and then undergo mitosis d) the products of meiosis would undergo mitosis and become multicellular
Answer:
If animals had alternation of generations like plants
the products of mitosis would undergo meiosis
Explanation:
Why is the osmolarity of the medullary fluid in the kidney greater than the osmolarity of the blood plasma?
Answer:
This is because the loop of Henle that is found in the kidney functions as a countercurrent multiplier and contributes solutes to the interstitial fluid. Urea is recycled from the collecting duct and is transported to the interstitial fluid.
Explanation:
Osmolarity can be defined as the determination of the quantity of the solute that present in a given quantity of water( 1 liter ). It is used to measure the concentration of solute.
Osmolarity of the medullary fluid in the kidney greater than the osmolarity of the blood plasma and this is because the loop of Henle that is found in the kidney uses energy to generate an osmotic gradient that enables it to reabsorb water from the tubular fluid and produce concentrated urine a process that is referred to as countercurrent multiplication and contributes solutes to the interstitial fluid. Urea is recycled from the collecting duct and is transported to the interstitial fluid.
Hence, osmolarity of the medullary fluid in the kidney is set at a high limit of as 1500 mOsm/L while that of plasma osmolarity is 280 to 295 mOsm/L and it must not exceed the upper limit of 310 mOsm/L.
Answer:This is because the loop of Henle that is found in the kidney functions as a countercurrent multiplier and contributes solutes to the hyper-tonic medullary interstitial fluid.
Explanation:
Osmolarity is the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per litre. In other words Osmolarity” refers to the concentration of dissolved particles of chemicals and minerals, particles such as sodium and other electrolytes in your serum. Higher osmolarity means more particles in your serum. Lower osmolality means that the particles are more diluted.
The loop of Henle that is found in the kidney which function as a countercurrent multiplier, contributes solutes to the hyper-tonic medullary interstitial fluid making the osmolarity of the medullary fluid in the kidney greater than the osmolarity of the blood plasma.
HURRYYY 25 points
Practice 4: True or False
1. Antibodies made from white blood cells target pathogens and kill them directly by attaching to
their surface and injecting toxins,
Answer:
False
Explanation:
They do not inject toxins, they just engulf them.
For gene B, the father is homozygous dominant and the mother is homozygous recessive.
(A) the chance of a homozygous dominant offspring is 50%
(B) the chance of a homozygous recessive offspring is 50%
(C) the chance of a heterozygous offspring is 50%
(D) all offspring will show the dominant phenotype
Answer: D (all offspring will show the dominant phenotype)
Explanation: Since there is a dominant parent, it cancels out the other reccessive parent, thus giving the offspring a 100% chance of displaying the dominant phenotype. Hope this helped
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The force of ____ opposes the motion of all moving objects.
A. Inertia
B. Whiplash
C. Resistance
D. Friction
E. Gravity
Answer: D. friction
Explanation:
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact. Friction can cause a moving object, such as a ball, to slow down and eventually stop.
Please select all statements that are TRUE of proteins. (Select all correct answers) 1. Proteins can help bind and transport nutrients throughout the body. 2. Proteins provide a readily available source of stored energy in the body. 3. Proteins form protective barriers against foreign particles as components of the skin and mucus membranes in our body. 4. Body temperature is regulated by proteins that transmit heat to the skin. 5. The acid/base balance in the body is maintained by the buffering capacity of proteins. 6. Many enzymes in the body are proteins that help to increase the rate of metabolic reactions. 7. The protein albumin assists with maintenance of fluid balance in the body.
Answer:
1. Proteins can help bind and transport nutrients throughout the body.
2. Proteins provide a readily available source of stored energy in the body.
5. The acid/base balance in the body is maintained by the buffering capacity of proteins.
6. Many enzymes in the body are proteins that help to increase the rate of metabolic reactions
7. The protein albumin assists with maintenance of fluid balance in the body.
Explanation:
Protein transporters helps in the movement of nutrients ,minerals in the. Glucose transporter is an example of transport protein it helps transport glucose in the cell.
Protein has about 4kcal/g of energy. The energy is stored but are mostly used when an individual is fasting and had used up his energy.
Protein act as buffer they help to regulate the amount of acid and base in the body fluids. Heamoglobin is an example of buffer protein that act by binding to acid thereby maintaining the blood pH. Protein are enzyme and they help catalyze chemical reaction and used in metabolic activities in the body. They also main body fluid albumin and globulin help maintain the body fluid.
Energy produced from material that comes with living organisms is known as
Steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common _____.
Answer:
Larger amino acid hormones include peptides and protein hormones. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. Steroid hormones and thyroid hormone are lipid soluble. ... Hydrophobic hormones are able to diffuse through the membrane and interact with an intracellular receptor ...... hope this helps at all
What reasons do scientists give for saying that ciruses are not living organisms?
a.they cant reproduce without the aid of a host
b.they do not metabolize food in energy
c.they do not organize cells
d. all choices are correct
e. none of the choices are correct
Which statement about bandages is true? a. An occlusive primary layer allows air to penetrate the wound. b. If a wound is exudative, a semiocclusive primary layer is indicated. c. The tertiary bandage layer contacts the wound surface (if a wound is present) and may be adherent or nonadherent and occlusive or semiocclusive. d. A dry-dry bandage has as its primary layer an adherent material soaked in saline.
b. If a wound is exudative, a semiocclusive primary layer is indicated.
Explanation:
The bandage is a material which is used to cover the wound or injury to provide support to the medical device used for dressing over the wound. A bandage often restricts the movement of the body part over which it is applied.
The primary layer of the bandage remains in contact with the body tissues. The semiocclusive primary layer is applied over the wound if the serous fluid oozes out of the wound and to restrict the flow of exudate. This is applied to keep the wound in the moist state.
Based on above description, b. is the correct option related to the bandage.
Loggerhead turtle populations are tracked for 5 years in the Atlantic Ocean. What type of population growth would you guess this is?
Question 6 options:
Logistic Growth
Exponential Growth
Answer:
Logistic growth
Explanation:
Logistic growth is a type of population growth whereby the rate at which the population of living organisms grow or increase in size quite rapidly.
During logistic growth, the population of organisms are studied or tracked for a period of time after which the growth rate declines due to a decrease in the availability of resources , hence the environment cannot aid in the growth of these organisms.
List the 6 levels of ecological organization – starting with the term used for an individual living thing, and ending with the term that represents what the Earth is. How is the organism you chose in the last lesson a part of each of the levels? Example: LION- one lion is an individual; A group of LIONS are a population, etc. (6 pts)
Answer:
The six levels of organization in ecology are as follow:
1. Organism: lion
2. Population: group of lions
3. Community: lions living with others species
4. Ecosystem: community (living organisms) in conjunction with the environment (abiotic factors)
5. Biome: conjunction of several ecosystems localized in an specific area
6. Biosphere: the conjunction of the whole living organisms and abiotic factors
The 6 levels of ecological organization are: individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere. The chosen organism can be part of each level by its role and interactions within its environment.
Explanation:The 6 levels of ecological organization, from smallest to largest, are:
Individual: A single living thing, such as a lion.Population: A group of individuals of the same species, such as a pride of lions.Community: All the populations of different species living in the same area, such as lions, zebras, and giraffes in a savannah.Ecosystem: A community of organisms interacting with the abiotic (non-living) factors in their environment, such as the interactions between the lions, zebras, and the soil, water, and climate of the savannah.Biome: A group of ecosystems with similar climate and vegetation, such as the African savannah biome.Biosphere: The portion of Earth that supports life, including all of the biomes.The organism chosen in the last lesson can be part of each level as follows:
Individual: The organism itself is an individual.Population: The organism can be part of a population of its species.Community: The organism interacts with other organisms in its community.Ecosystem: The organism plays a role in the interactions within its ecosystem.Biome: The organism is part of a biome that provides its habitat.Biosphere: The organism is part of the biosphere, as it relies on the resources and conditions of Earth.Learn more about Ecological organization here:https://brainly.com/question/35172791
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Where is the blood filtered
Blood is primarily filtered in the kidneys. Kidneys contain nephrons, which filter waste and excess substances from the bloodstream, producing urine as a result. The liver also helps detoxify blood.
Blood is primarily filtered in the human body by the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's internal environment by filtering blood to remove waste products and excess substances. This filtration process is essential for regulating fluid balance, electrolytes, and blood pressure.
Inside the kidneys, there are numerous tiny filtering units called nephrons, each consisting of a glomerulus and a renal tubule. The glomerulus acts as a sieve, allowing small molecules like water, glucose, and waste products to pass through, while retaining larger molecules like blood cells and proteins. The filtrate, which is the filtered blood minus these waste products, then travels through the renal tubules, where essential substances like water, sodium, and other ions are reabsorbed into the bloodstream, and the remaining waste is concentrated and excreted as urine.
In addition to the kidneys, the liver also plays a role in filtering blood by removing toxins and metabolizing various substances. However, the primary site of blood filtration in the context of waste and excess substance removal is the kidneys.
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Complete question below:
Where is the blood filtered?
What did Darwin hope to learn about artificial selection by studying pigeons?
Answer:
Darwin wanted to learn whether you can possibly change the whole species fallowing that specific pigeon into a new species of pigeon.
Explanation:
Consider the following data.
Rates for Cheetah Population from 2011 to 2012
Cause of change
2011
2012
Deaths
2
1
Births
5
4
Immigration
6
1
Emigration
8
3
Which would have to happen to keep the population growth of cheetahs the same in 2013?
4 deaths, 7 births, 2 immigration, 6 emigration
3 deaths, 6 births, 5 immigration, 7 emigration
5 deaths, 2 births, 8 immigration, 3 emigration
1 deaths, 5 births, 3 immigration, 7 emigration
Answer:
The correct answer would be B) 3 deaths, 6 births, 5 immigration, 7 emigration.
Explanation:
The study of a living being is called biology.
The Correct Answer is B.
The number of species counting in a population is called a census. The factors which are changing the population count is as follows:-
Birth rate (B)Death rate (D)Emigration (E)Immigration. (I)The Formula used to check the population growth is
N = (B+I) - (D+E).
After putting the value the population is same as the 2013 year is option 3 that is 3 deaths, 6 births, 5 immigration, 7 emigration
Hence, the correct option is B.
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At least three types of rna are required for protein synthesis. Compare and contrast mrna
Answer:
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA
Explanation:
Messenger RNA (mRNA)is a single RNA strand that contains the genetic information from DNA molecules which is translated into protein
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) form organelles named ribosomes in which proteins are synthesized. The ribosome contains a region to interact with the mRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an 80 nucleotide RNA molecule that has an anticodon region and a region to attach amino acids which use to decode an mRNA into protein