Which statements about Earth’s crust are true? Check all that apply. The crust includes soil, rock, and water. There are three different kinds of crust. The crust is thickest under the ocean. The ocean crust is made of young rocks. The ocean crust is denser than continental crust.

Answer:

0.0025g/cm³

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Mass of the brown sugar = 12.9g

dimension of the sugar = 8cm

unknown:

density of the sugar = ?

Solution

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance. The expression is given below:

      Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

We know the mass of the substance but the volume is unknown:

Volume of the brown sugar = l x bx h = 8x8x8 = 512cm³

Density of the brown sugar = [tex]\frac{12.9}{512}[/tex] = 0.0025g/cm³

The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation will be "[tex]6.00\times 10^{-5} \ m[/tex]".

According to the question,

Frequency,

and,

We know the formula,

→ [tex]\lambda = \frac{c}{v}[/tex]

By putting the given values in the formula, we get

→    [tex]= \frac{3.00\times 10^8}{5.00\times 10^{12}}[/tex]

→    [tex]= 6.00\times 10^{-5}[/tex]

Thus the above wavelength is right.

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The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 5.00 x 10¹² Hz is 600 nanometers.

To find the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation, we can use the speed of light equation:

c = λν

where c is the speed of light (approximately 3.00 x 10⁸ m/s), λ is the wavelength, and ν is the frequency.

Rearranging the equation to solve for λ, we get:

λ = c / ν

Plugging in the given frequency (ν = 5.00 x 10¹² Hz), we get:

λ = 3.00 x 10⁸ m/s / 5.00 x 10¹² Hz

λ ≈ 6.00 x 10⁻⁵ m

λ ≈ 600 nm

Answer:

One can of cola contain 0.16 kcal of carbohydrates.

Explanation:

Given data:

mass of cola can = 40 g

kilocalories of carbohydrates = ?

Solution:

we know that there are 4 cal of carbohydrates per gram.

40 g × 4 cal/g = 160 cal

Now we will convert calories into kilocalories. There are 1000 calories in one kilocalories so,

160/1000 = 0.16 kcal

so, one can of cola contain 0.16 kcal of carbohydrates.

Final answer:

To calculate the kilocalories in a can of cola with 40 grams of carbohydrate, multiply the amount of carbohydrate by 4 kilocalories per gram. This results in 160 kilocalories.

Explanation:

The number of kilocalories in one can of cola can be calculated knowing that carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories of energy per gram. Given that the cola has 40 grams of carbohydrate and no fat or protein, we can simply multiply the amount of carbohydrate by the energy it provides.

So, 40 grams of carbohydrate * 4 kilocalories/gram = 160 kilocalories.

This means that one can of cola, with its 40 grams of carbohydrates and no contribution from fat or protein to its energy content, provides a total of 160 kilocalories of energy.

Answer:

Explanation:

Filtration followed by evaporation:

To separate the mixture of sand and sugar, it is best to use the separation technique of filtration then evaporation.

Pour the water into the mixture. The sugar will dissolve with time in the water. Sand is made up of quartz and does not dissolve in water.

After the dissolution, filter the solution to separate the sand using a filter paper.

Dry the sand thereafter then proceed to evaporate the sugar with water solution. Evaporation will turn water into vapor and the sugar crystals will be left behind.

To separate sugar from sand in a water mixture, filtration followed by evaporation is the most effective method. Sand is retained on the filter paper, while the sugar dissolves in the water and can be retrieved through evaporation.

To separate sugar from sand in a solution with water, we can use the concept that sugar is soluble in water whereas sand is not. The separation can be achieved by a process called filtration. First, we stir the mixture to ensure that all the sugar dissolves in the water. Then, we pour the mixture through a filter paper. The sand particles will be trapped by the filter paper, while the sugar-laden water will pass through. After collecting the filtrate (the sugar-water solution), we can recover the sugar by evaporating the water, leaving the sugar behind.

Additionally, we can consider the density difference between sugar and sand as a factor irrelevant to this method of separation but interesting to note for other purposes such as differentiating substances in a pile, as with the take-home experiment with sugar and salt. Also, while this experiment doesn't involve visiting virtual labs, such labs can be useful for understanding the dissolution behaviors of substances like sugar and salt in water.

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Answer:

The answer to your question is: the bowling ball

Explanation:

Formula

Kinetic energy = (1/2)mv²

Data

Bowling ball

mass = 5 kg, v = 6 m/s

ship

mass = 120000 kg, v = 0.02 m/s

Substitution

bowling ball

Ke = (1/2)(5)(6)² = 90 Joules

Ship

Ke = (1/2)(120000)(0.02)² = 24 Joules

Fron the results, we conclude that the ball has greater kinetic energy than the Ship.

Answer:

Because the number of subatomic particles is finite.

Explanation:

You probably know that in addition to electrons, protons, there are many other subatomic particles with strange names like quarks, neutrinos, muons, bosons, etc.

There are many ways in which these could theoretically be combined to make atoms of new elements.

However, the number of different subatomic particles is finite, so the number of possible combinations is also finite.

Even if scientists discover more new subatomic particles, the number of possible combinations will increase, but it will still be finite.

Thus, there is a finite number of elements in the universe.

We have that for the Question "why do we say there is a finite number of elements in the universe" it can be said that

From the question we are told

why do we say there is a finite number of elements in the universe?

Generally

Electrons, protons, and many other subatomic particles like quarks, neutrinos, muons are  the make up of atoms and in turn elements

Therefore

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Answer:

122.04g

Explanation:

Cs is Caesium

Mass of Sn, tin = 109g.

Solution

we must first find the number of moles of the Sn from the given mass:

       number of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]

molar mass of Sn = 118.7g/mol

      number of moles =  [tex]\frac{109}{118.7}[/tex] = 0.918moles

Now since the number of moles of the Sn is the sameas that of Cs, we can find the mass of Cs that will equal that.

Mass of Cs = number of moles x molar mass of Cs = 0.918 x 132.9 = 122.04g

To find the mass of cesium with the same number of moles as a 109-gram sample of tin, we calculate the moles of tin and then use the molar mass of cesium to find that it would be approximately 125.766 grams.

The student's question is asking for the mass of cesium (Cs) in grams when it contains the same number of moles as a 109-gram sample of tin (Sn). To find the answer, we first calculate the number of moles in the 109-gram sample of tin using the molar mass of tin (118.7 g/mol), which gives us approximately 0.918 moles.

Since we are looking for the same amount of moles in cesium, and knowing that one mole of cesium has a mass of 137 grams according to the given information, the mass of cesium would be approximately 125.766 grams (0.918 moles × 137 g/mol = 125.766 g).

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Answer:

310.093K

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Temperature of the enzyme = 98.6°F

Unknown:

We are to convert the temperature from the fahrenheit scale to Kelvin scale:

Solution

Properly writing the equation given to solve the problem:

  K =  (F x 0.55) + 255.37

   F = (K - 255.37) x 1.8

K stands for the temperature in kelvin and F is the temperature in fahrenheit.

The first equation would be a lot more easier to use:

   K = (98.6 x 0.555) + 255.37 =  54.723 + 255.37 = 310.093K

Answer:

A) It contains a lot of matter.

An object with a lot of mass always has a lot of matter. This doesn't mean it necessarily has a large volume or high density, and it can be accurately measured.

The statement that is always true of an object with a lot of mass is that it contains a lot of matter. Put simply, the mass of an object is a measure of how much matter the object contains. It's derived from the quantity of atoms and molecules within the object. Mass is different from volume, which is the amount of space an object occupies, and density, which is the ratio between mass and volume. Therefore, it's not necessarily true that an object with a lot of mass will also have a large volume or high density. The mass of an object can always be measured precisely, given the right tools. Therefore, it's incorrect to say an object with a lot of mass cannot be accurately measured.

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Answer:

378k

Explanation:

Final answer:

The density of an 8cm³ block of brown sugar with a mass of 12.9g is calculated by dividing mass by volume, resulting in a density of 1.6125 g/cm³.

Explanation:

To calculate the density of the brown sugar, we need to use the formula density = mass/volume. The student measured a mass of 12.9g for an 8 cm³ block of brown sugar. To find the density, we divide the mass by the volume of the sugar block.

The calculation is as follows:

Density = Mass / Volume
Density = 12.9g / 8 cm³
Density = 1.6125 g/cm³

Hence, the density of the brown sugar is 1.6125 g/cm³.

Answer:mass and volume

Explanation: as i know you should divide mass and volume for obtain density

Answer : The correct option is, Mass and volume.

Explanation :

Density : It is defined as the mass of a substance contained per unit volume.

The unit of mass is gram (g) and the unit of volume is milliliter (ml). So, the unit of density is g/ml.

Formula used :

[tex]Density=\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

For example : If mass of object is 550 grams  and volume of water displaced 25 ml. Calculate the density of an object.

By using formula, we get:

[tex]Density=\frac{550g}{25ml}=22g/ml[/tex]

Thus, density of the object will be 22 g/ml

Hence, the mass and volume measurements are needed in order to calculate the density of a given object.

Answer: Water and acetone

Explanation: you will find that the water and the soil are polar opposite, while the principal component of the water are Hydrogen and Oxygen, in the acetone you will find a change of carbon, the components from each molecule confer to each one specific physical properties for example the boiling point, and the distillation is a physical separation based on the boiling point.

then you can find the boiling point of the water in 100 °C, and the boiling point of the acetone is 56 °C, this give as a difference of 44 °C,

then while the acetone is boiling the water is liquid state, and this give us the opportunity to the separate the acetone in gas state by condensation after the boiling.

Answer:The Rare Earth Elements are: Lanthanide Series and Actinide Series.

Answer:The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series. One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made.

Explanation:

Answer:

D. “Many people are disappointed in ethanol because they believed that it would help reduce the price at the pump, not increase it.”

Explanation:

Answer:

B.many people are disappointed in ethanol because they believed that it would help reduce the price at the pump, not increase it”

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer to your question is Aluminum

Explanation:

We need to warm from 22°C to 85°C

a) 45 g of water                      

b) 200 g of aluminum             Cp = 0.905 J/cal°C

a) Water

Q = mCpΔT

Q = (45)(1)(85 - 22) = 45(63) = 2835 cal

b) Aluminum

Q = (200)(0.905)(85 - 22) = 114030 cal

The prone position in medical contexts involves a patient lying face-down and can aid in breathing and medical procedures, offering benefits like improved air intake for artificial respiration.

Prone position is when a person is lying face-down. In medical settings, patients might need to be in a prone position for reasons such as aiding in breathing or allowing for specific medical procedures.

One major advantage of the prone position is that it allows for better air intake into the lungs, which can be crucial in scenarios like artificial respiration.

Artificial respiration, such as in cases of drowning, can benefit from the prone position as it facilitates the removal of mucus and water from the airways.

Answer:

An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. Mass and volume are examples of extensive properties. An intensive property is a property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount.

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Final answer:

An extensive property depends on the amount of matter in a sample, examples being mass and volume. Intensive properties such as temperature do not vary with the quantity of matter. The differentiation between these property types is essential for accurately describing and measuring substances in chemistry.

Explanation:

A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample is called an extensive property. Examples of extensive properties are mass and volume. For instance, a gallon of milk has a greater mass and volume than a cup of milk, illustrating that the value of an extensive property increases with the amount of matter. In contrast, an intensive property does not depend on the amount of matter; temperature is an example of this, where the temperature of small or large quantities of a substance at thermal equilibrium will be the same.

Understanding the difference between extensive and intensive properties is crucial for characterizing substances and engaging in scientific measurements. The amount of heat is an extensive property because it depends on the matter's quantity, whereas temperature is an intensive property as it remains consistent regardless of the sample size. A hot cooking oil drop and a pot of hot oil could have the same temperature, an intensive property, yet the pot contains more heat, showing an extensive property.

Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

It is known that kinetic energy is the energy obtained by an object due to its motion.

And, when we increase the temperature of a substance then there will occur an increase in the kinetic energy of its molecules.

Also,      K.E = [tex]\frac{3}{2}kT[/tex]

So, kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature. As a result, on increasing the temperature more number of collisions will take place between the molecules.

Therefore, we can conclude that amount of kinetic energy in the substance’s particles changes its states of matter.

A substance changes its state of matter primarily due to changes in the amount of kinetic energy in its particles, often induced by temperature changes.

A change in a substance's state of matter is primarily due to the change in the amount of kinetic energy in the substance's particles, which is often triggered by changes in temperature (Option A). Kinetic energy is the energy a particle possesses due to its motion. An increase in kinetic energy (which could be due to an increase in temperature) typically causes the substance to go from a solid to a liquid (melting) or a liquid to a gas (evaporation). Conversely, a decrease in kinetic energy (for example during cooling) can cause a substance to go from a gas to a liquid (condensation) or a liquid to a solid (freezing).

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Approximately 7.80 g of this multi-nutrient fertilizer should be applied to provide 2.90 g of nitrogen to a plant, assuming the nitrogen is 100% available to the plants.

To calculate the amount of fertilizer needed to provide 2.90 g of nitrogen, we need to know the nitrogen content in each component of the fertilizer. The nitrogen content of the compounds CH4N2O (urea), KNO3, and (NH4)2HPO4 is approximately 46.6%, 13.9%, and 21.2% respectively. Therefore, the total percentage of nitrogen in the fertilizer is ((0.548 * 46.6) + (0.263 * 13.9) + (0.141 * 21.2))/(0.548 + 0.263 + 0.141) = 37.2%.

To provide 2.90 g of nitrogen, we need to apply: 2.90 g / 0.372 = 7.80 g of fertilizer. This calculation assumes that the nitrogen in the fertilizer is 100% available to the plants, which may not be the case because plants require certain biochemical processes like nitrogen fixation to make nitrogen bioavailable.

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To provide 2.90 g of nitrogen (N) to a plant, you need to determine the amount of fertilizer required. The multi-nutrient fertilizer consists of urea, potassium nitrate, and ammonium phosphate. The total amount of fertilizer needed is 37.89 g.

To provide 2.90 g of nitrogen (N) to a plant, you need to determine the amount of fertilizer required. From the given information, the multi-nutrient fertilizer is 54.8% urea (CH4N2O), 26.3% potassium nitrate (KNO3), and 14.1% ammonium phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4]. We can calculate the amount of each component needed to provide 2.90 g of N:

Therefore, to provide 2.90 g of N, a total of 37.89 g of fertilizer is required.

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Answer:

The answer to your question is: Cp = 0.14 J/g°C

Explanation:

Data

mass = 25 g

T1 = 25°C

T2 = 155°C

Q = 455 joules

Cp = ?

Formula

Q = mCpΔT

Clear Cp from the equation    Cp = Q /(mΔT)

Cp = 455 /((25(155-25))

Cp = 455 / (25(130))

Cp = 455 / 3250

Cp = 0.14 J/g°C

The specific heat capacity of the mercury is 0.14 J/gºC

To solve this question, we'll begin by calculating the change in the temperature of the mercury. This is illustrated below:

Initial temperature of water (T₁) = 25 °C

Final temperature of water (T₂) = 155 °C

ΔT = T₂ – T₁

ΔT = 155 – 25

Mass of mercury (M) = 25 g

Change in temperature of mercury (ΔT) = 130 °C

Heat absorbed (Q) = 455 J

455 = 25 × C × 130

455 = 3250 × C

Divide both side by 3250

[tex]C = \frac{455}{3250} \\\\[/tex]

Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the mercury is 0.14 J/gºC

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Answer:

1:Examples of pure substances include tin, sulfur, diamond, water, pure sugar (sucrose), table salt (sodium chloride) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Crystals, in general, are pure substances. Tin, sulfur, and diamond are examples of pure substances which are chemical elements.

Explanation:There is one phase of matter in a bottle of soda: a liquid phase. Soda is a mixture of water, carbon dioxide gas, and solid sugar.

Soda is a chemical mixture, a solution of ingredients like sugar, flavors, and, notably, dissolved carbon dioxide that provides its typical fizz.

Soda is defined as a mixture in the field of chemistry. It is a solution because its ingredients, like water, sugar, and various flavorings, are perfectly combined and uniformly distributed within the liquid. There are two main types of substances in soda: the solvent, which is usually water, and various solutes, which include sugars and flavorings. Moreover, the fizz that is characteristic of soda is due to the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide, which gives it its signature sparkling appearance and popping sensation when released as a gas.

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Answer:

Limestone is a pure substance

Explanation:

It includes many elements and compounds that make it more difficult to break down Limestone.

Limestone can be a heterogeneous mixture with impurities or in pure form, a compound of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Its classification as a mixture or pure substance depends on the purity of the sample.

Limestone is commonly classified as a mix-ture, specifically a heterogeneous mixture, as it often contains various impurities such as sand and clay particles, fossil fragments, and different minerals. However, it primarily consists of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which in its purest form is a pure substance and a compound. A pure substance has a constant composition and set properties, such as a single melting point and single boiling point.

When considering mixtures, these are combinations of two or more substances, where each retains its individual properties. Limestone can come in different qualities, with varying proportions of impurities, which affects its overall composition and properties. Therefore, its classification may depend on the context and purity of the sample being considered.

Glucose falls under aldoses group of monosaccharides which are one of the carbohydrates.

Explanation:

Generally, a molecule formed by combination of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are termed as carbohydrates. The smallest of the saccharides are mono and disaccharides. The saccharides can contain an aldehyde or a ketone group in their structural formula.

The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. It falls under monosaccharide as the molecular formula of monosaccharides are (CH2nO)n where the n will be 3,5 or 6. So the molecular formula of glucose exactly matches with the molecular formula of monosaccharide family.  

Also, it is known that glucose contains an aldehyde so it can be termed as aldose for being a carbohydrate in monosaccharide family containing aldehyde group.

Answer:

Glucose is nothing but a type of carbohydrate molecule which is also called as monosaccharides.

Explanation:

They are the smallest unit or simplest part of Carbohydrates which accumulates and join together to make bigger molecules of carbohydrates, Since these are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

These three elements mix together in given parts to make this smallest part of Carbohydrates or sugar. The Other bigger carbohydrates that are formed with these three elements are disaccharides or sucrose.

Answer:

Antalaha, Madagascar

Explanation:

The closest city to geographical coordinates 15 degrees south, 50 degrees east - 15°00'00"S 50°00'00"E-  is Antalaha, a commune of the Republic of Madagascar. The city is part of the Anthala district  in northeastern Madagascar in the Sava Region ; the city  population is 34,112 and has a tropical rainforest climate.

A car travels 66 kilometers in 3 hours 22 km/h is its speed. The speed of an object, also known as v in kinematics.

The speed of an object, also known as v in kinematics, is the size of the change in that object's position over a period of time or the size of the change in that object's position over a given period of time, making it a scalar quantity. The total amount of distance travelled by an object in a time interval is divided by the length of the interval to determine its average speed.

As the length of the time period approaches 0, the speed at that moment is the highest point of the average speed. Velocity and speed are not the same thing. The parameters of speed are time divided by distance. The metre every second (m/s), the SI measure of speed, is the most widely used unit measuring speed.

Speed = distance/time

Speed = 66 km / 3 h

Speed = 22 km/h

Therefore, 22 km/h is the speed.

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Answer:

15.64m/s

Explanation:

This is a unit of speed which is the rate of change of distance with time

I am driving at 35mph: and I want to express as m/s

  mph means miles per hour

This suggests that I have to convert miles to m and hrs to secs:

for distance                    1.609km = 1mi

                                        1000m = 1km

for time:

                 1hr = 60minutes

                 1min = 60seconds

Using dimensional analysis:

      [tex]\frac{35miles}{1hour}[/tex] x  [tex]\frac{1.609km}{1miles}[/tex] x  [tex]\frac{1000m}{1km}[/tex] x  [tex]\frac{1hour}{60min}[/tex] x  [tex]\frac{1min}{60seconds}[/tex]

   = 15.64m/s

Answer:

The correct option is OA.

C2H4O2 + NaHCO3 - NaC2H302 + H2O + CO2

Explanation:

To solve this you have to check the number of elements in both sides of the equation.

Answer:

Choice A: [tex]\rm 1\; C_2H_4 O_2 + 1\;NaHCO_3 \to 1\;NaC_2H_3O_2 + 1\;H_2O + 1\;CO_2[/tex].

Explanation:

Indeed it is possible to balance this equation by the conservation of atoms in a chemical reaction. However, knowing what's actually going on in this process will likely make this problem easier to solve.

Vinegar contains acetic acid [tex]\rm C_2H_4 O_2[/tex]. Acetic acid is a monoprotic acid. In other words, each [tex]\rm C_2H_4 O_2[/tex] can dissociate to produce up to one hydrogen ion [tex]\rm H^{+}[/tex]. That is:

[tex]\rm C_2H_4 O_2 \rightleftharpoons {C_2H_3 O_2}^{-} + H^{+}[/tex].

Baking soda is a common name for sodium bicarbonate [tex]\rm NaHCO_3[/tex]. Each formula unit of [tex]\rm NaHCO_3[/tex] contains one bicarbonate ion: [tex]\rm {HCO_3}^{-}[/tex]. Each bicarbonate ion will consume one hydrogen ion to produce water and carbon dioxide:

[tex]\rm {HCO_3}^{-} + H^{+} \to H_2O + CO_2[/tex].

For this chemical equation to balance, the number of hydrogen ions that [tex]\rm C_2H_4 O_2[/tex] supplies shall be the same as the number of these ions that [tex]\rm NaHCO_3[/tex] consumes. Each unit of [tex]\rm C_2H_4 O_2[/tex] supplies one unit of hydrogen ions while each unit of [tex]\rm NaHCO_3[/tex] consumes one unit of hydrogen ions. Reacting the two at a one-to-one ratio will make sure that this reaction neither run short of hydrogen ions or produce more hydrogen ions than it need.

Hence the coefficient in front of [tex]\rm C_2H_4 O_2[/tex] and [tex]\rm NaHCO_3[/tex] shall be the same. Let their coefficients be one.

[tex]\rm 1\; C_2H_4 O_2 + 1\;NaHCO_3 \to ?\;NaC_2H_3O_2 + ?\;H_2O + ?\;CO_2[/tex].

Now, balance this equation with reference to the number of atoms:

[tex]\rm 1\; C_2H_4 O_2 + 1\;NaHCO_3 \to 1\;NaC_2H_3O_2 + 1\;H_2O + 1\;CO_2[/tex].

Answer:

proton

Explanation:

The atoms is made from a nucleus and a electronic shell. The nucleus is composed from protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The electronic shell is defined by the presence of electrons (negativity charged).

Now a particular element is identified by the number of protons which have to be equal to the number of electrons in the electronic shell. A particular element may have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, these are isotopes which have the same chemical properties.

The subatomic particle that primarily identifies an atom is the electron. Its arrangement in energy levels around the nucleus determines the atom's chemical properties and behavior.

The subatomic particle that primarily identifies and characterizes an atom is the electron. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of the atom in specific energy levels or shells. The number and arrangement of electrons in these shells determine the chemical properties and behavior of the atom.

Specifically, the arrangement of electrons in the electron cloud around the nucleus defines the atom's chemical properties, its reactivity, and how it interacts with other atoms to form chemical compounds. This electron configuration also determines an atom's place on the periodic table, as elements are organized by their atomic number (the number of protons, which is equal to the number of electrons).

While protons and neutrons are also important subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom, they are not directly responsible for identifying or characterizing the atom in terms of its chemical properties or behavior. Protons provide the atom's identity by determining its atomic number, which is unique for each element, but electrons play a more direct role in interactions and chemical behavior due to their involvement in chemical bonding.

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A solid changes to a liquid when heat is added because the energy causes particles to vibrate more vigorously, increasing the spacing between them and allowing them to move more freely, thus overcoming the forces holding them in a solid state. Option C is correct .[The spacing between particles increases]

When heat is added to a solid, it causes the particles (such as atoms or molecules) in the solid to gain energy. This increase in energy causes the particles to vibrate more vigorously, which weakens the forces that hold them together in a fixed position. As a result, the particles can start to move around more freely. This is why the spacing between particles increases, leading to a state change from solid to liquid. This transition from solid to liquid is referred to as melting.

During this phase change, the temperature of the substance does not increase; instead, the added energy is used to overcome the intermolecular forces and change the state of the substance. Once enough energy has been absorbed to weaken these forces sufficiently, the solid becomes a liquid.