Answer: Colonel James Fannin
Explanation:
After his surrender at the Battle of Coleto Creek, he along with his men were captured by mexican troops, taken to Goliad and held in Fort Defiance, were they thought they would be taken as prisoners. However, they were all executed with Fannin being the last one to be killed, after watching all his soldiers die in the infamous "Goliad Massacre", further cementing texan fervour towards revolution.
Colonel James Fannin led the Texan forces at the Battle of Coleto Creek. After surrendering due to being outnumbered, Fannin and his troops were later executed in what is known as the Goliad Massacre. This event was a key point in the Texas Revolution.
Explanation:The Texas leader who surrendered and was later executed along with his soldiers because of his defense of Goliad at the Battle of Coleto Creek is not explicitly mentioned in the provided texts. However, in relation to the Texas Revolution, Colonel James Fannin is known to have led the Texan forces during this battle. After being surrounded and outnumbered, Fannin surrendered to the Mexican forces under General Urrea. Following their surrender, Fannin and his men were held at the presidio in Goliad and were later executed under orders from General Santa Anna, in what came to be known as the Goliad Massacre.
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At the outset of the Civil War, which statement is FALSE?
a. The North had to deal with extended supply lines.
b. The South had a valuable export, cotton.
c. The South had a better rail system for the transportation of war materiel and personnel.
d. The South was more dependent on imports.
e. The North had more manufacturing.
Answer:
c. The South had a better rail system for the transportation of war materiel and personnel.
Explanation:
The South had virtually almost no rail system, while the north had a extended rail system to use to transport their larger quantity of troops, supplies, and war materials.
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The Federal Reserve _____.
a. was created in 1836.
b. serves as a lender of last resort.
c. was created to facilitate the federal government’s collection of taxes as well as its expenditures.
d. All of the above are correct
Answer:
Option B. Serves as lender of last resort
Explanation:
Answer:
yes yes yes yes
Explanation:
HELPHELPHELPHELP PLEASE I BEG OF YOU GOOD HUMAN PLEASE
what would you show on an annotated map of the special economic zones in china?
The thing is I don’t know what to put in which is what I need
THANK YOU!! :,)
Answer:
hey ines!! i hope this will help you!!
Explanation:
The first four special economic zones were created in 1980 in southeastern coastal China and consisted of what were then the small cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in Guangdong province and Xiamen (Amoy) in Fujian province.
In these areas, local governments have been allowed to offer tax incentives to foreign investors and to develop their own infrastructure without the approval of the central government.
Business enterprises have made most of their own investment, production, and marketing decisions, and foreign ownership of such ventures has been legalized. Though some of them began as little more than small towns, the new SEZs soon attracted foreign investment and became boomtowns, with rapidly expanding light and consumer-goods industries and growing populations—notably,
Shenzhen’s population grew from some 30,000 in 1979 to more than 1,000,000 by the beginning of the 21st century.
Encouraged by the zones’ success, the Chinese government in 1984 opened 14 larger and older cities along the coast to foreign trade and investment. These “open” cities offered foreign investors much the same incentives as in the special economic zones, but their corporate income taxes were higher.
In 1988 Hainan Island was made a separate province and a special economic zone, and in 1990 the Pudong area within the Shanghai municipality became a special economic zone with policies even more flexible than those already in force in the original four SEZs.
In 1992 the Chinese government decided to adopt some of the same policies in some two dozen major cities in inland China, including many provincial capitals, as a means of encouraging foreign investment in them.
A annotated map of special economic zones in China would include marked locations of each zone such as Shenzhen, Shantou, and Xiamen. This map should also provide the date of establishment for each zone and potential added information on major industries.
Explanation:An annotated map of the special economic zones in China would contain several elements. These economic zones are important areas in China and have their own individual characteristics that rate special mention.
Each zone should be marked and labelled with its name. Notable zones include Shenzhen, Shantou, Xiamen, Hainan and Pudong New Area. The date each zone was established could also be added for additional context.
Your map could also include additional economic information such as major industries or significant infrastructural elements like ports. A short description of what defines a special economic zone - typically a region in which the business and trade laws differ from the rest of the country - may also be useful.
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Which of the following statements about slavery and the law is true?
a. Because slaves were property, a master could kill any of his slaves forany reason.
b. Slaves were legally permitted to possess guns if guns were necessary fortheir work (tasks such as scaring birds away from rice fields, for example).
c. Laws specifically provided for a slave to be taught to read and write ifthe master so chose.
d. A slave could, with permission from his or her master, testify against awhite person in court.
e. Slaves accused of serious crimes were entitled to their day in court,although they faced all-white judges and juries.
i believe the answer is a
The correct statement about slavery and the law is that a slave could, with permission from his or her master, testify against a white person in court.
Explanation:The correct statement about slavery and the law is option d. A slave could, with permission from his or her master, testify against a white person in court.
Although slaves were considered property, masters did not have the absolute right to kill their slaves without consequences. There were laws that protected the lives and health of slaves.
However, it is important to note that the laws and rights afforded to slaves varied across different regions and time periods. Slaves were often denied basic human rights and were subjected to brutal treatment and exploitation.
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What was an effect of Cyrus McCormick’s invention of the horse-drawn reaper?
A.) Slavery expanded throughout the South.
B.) Farmers put more land into cultivation.
C.) Factories expanded into the West.
D.) Women moved into textile producing areas.
In colonial Connecticut between 1670 and 1719, women participated in one of every six civil cases, the vast majority of which were debt-related. Women's participation dropped to one in ten cases after 1719, and to one in twenty by the 1770's. However, as Cornelia Hughes Dayton notes in Women Before the Bar: Gender, Law, and Society in Connecticut, 1639–1789, these statistics are somewhat deceptive: in fact, both the absolute numbers and the percentage of adult women participating in civil cases grew steadily throughout the eighteenth century, but the legal activity of men also increased dramatically, and at a much faster rate. Single, married, and widowed women continued to pursue their own and their husbands' debtors through legal action much as they had done in the previous century, but despite this continuity, their place in the legal system shifted dramatically. Men's commercial interests and credit networks became increasingly far-flung, owing in part to the ability of creditors to buy and sell promissory notes (legal promises to pay debts). At the same time, women's networks of credit and debt remained primarily local and personal. Dayton contends that, although still performing crucial economic services in their communities—services that contributed to the commercialization of the colonial economy—women remained for the most part outside the new economic and legal culture of the eighteenth century.
Answer: A
Explanation: you should put the options to answer the question but the answer is A because the passage is mainly concerned with reporting what is the kind of author's view about a phenomenon.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, women in colonial America, particularly in Connecticut, faced legal restrictions under coverture but were integral to economic and social life. Post-Revolution, slight legal and societal changes occurred, paving the way for social reform movements. Prominent figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott began to lay the groundwork for women's rights.
In colonial Connecticut and other American colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries, the legal and societal roles of women underwent significant but gradual changes. Initially, under the system of coverture, married women (femes covert) lacked legal independence and their identities were subsumed under their husbands. They could not own property independently, conduct business, or sell property without their husband's consent. The American Revolution did little to change the principle of coverture. Despite these legal constraints, women played vital roles in both the private and public spheres, supporting their husbands' businesses and continuing to manage economic affairs, particularly when men were absent.
Following the Revolution, the status of women began to evolve, although slowly. Single women and widows had more freedom to engage in business and own property. This period also saw the beginnings of social and legal reforms that would later shape the women's rights movement. By the 1830s and 1840s, many women were active in social reform movements, such as the abolition and temperance movements, despite legal hindrances and societal beliefs that undermined their efforts. Key figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott began to challenge the status quo, setting the groundwork for future advancements in women's rights.
In 1973, the major oil-producing nations of the world declared an oil embargo. The price of oil, a key source of energy, increased. In many countries, this led to a fall in real GDP and employment. Which of the three business cycle theories explained in the chapter – real business cycle theory, Keynesian theory, and monetary theory – would best fit this explanation of the 1973 recession?
Real business cycle theory best in this regard.
Explanation:
Among the other options, option first explains and put pressure on the role of technology in causing economic fluctuations. The new price or change in price affects the total cost of the product and so on the supply and demand. Because almost all firms use oil in one form or another, oil price changes function like technology changes.
The increase in aggregate cost decreases the productivity of the firms. The demand went down which affected the circulation of money in the market and leads to the recession.
What was a common policy feature of the Republican presidents in the 1920s?
A.
support for progressive domestic policies
B.
laissez-faire economic policies
C.
reliance on imports to stimulate the economy
D.
interference in foreign affairs
The Republican policy of 1920 of all American presidents contributed to the economic boom.
Tariffs were set by the republicans and import duties that made it expensive for foreign goods and protected the American companies from the competition and allowed them to grow.Hence the option A is correct.
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The phrase the iron curtain is associated with what era of history?
Answer:
The phrase iron curtain was used at different times in different contexts. originally it refers to the safety curtains deployed in theaters. But it became more famous in the cold war era when it was used to denote the economic, political and military barrier by the Soviet Union to block itself and its allied nations from the open contact with the western European countries. It virtually divided Europe into two areas of influence with western European countries on the one end and pro-communist eastern European countries on the other.
For Fiddler on the Roof, the scenic designer turned to this Russian Jewish painter for inspiration
a. Marc Chagall
b. Damon Runyon
c. Pablo Picasso
d. Salvador Dali
Answer:
For fiddler on the Roof, the scenic designer turned to this Russian Jewish painter for inspiration. a) Marc Chagall
Explanation:
First of all, we have to explain that Jerome Robbins in collaboration with the creative writers took my inspiration a series of paintings by Marc Chagall. These paintings almost defined the name of the work. However, after too much debate they didn't go for their first option "Tevye", and instead, they decided to use that name for the protagonist. Furthermore, these paintings did influence the name but it wasn't a lent name, they took "the fiddler" from a Chagall painting and complemented it with "on the Roof". Also, they used these paintings to define the style of the original set design. The colors, the forms and even the shape of the lines were imported.
Answer:
Your answer would be that the appositive phrase is punctuated correctly in sentence B.
Explanation:
An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. In this case, the noun "Salvador Dali" renames the noun "painter". This is an essential appositive as it provides information which is considered relevant to complete the meaning of the sentence. It specifies to the reader the painter that the sentence is referring to. If it was dropped, the meaning of the sentence would be altered. That is why it should not be offset with commas from the rest of the sentence (C).
This english colony was founded by pilgrims aboard the mayflower in 1620.
Answer:
The Plymouth Colony was founded by Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620.
Explanation:
The Plymouth Colony was an English colony that existed from 1620 to 1691 in the southeast of the modern state of Massachusetts.
The legal foundation of the colony was the agreement concluded on board of the Mayflower. Founded by deeply religious people, the Plymouth colony was distinguished by Puritan mores and adherence to traditions. Some of them have become an integral part of American culture. Among these is the custom to celebrate Thanksgiving (first celebrated by the pilgrims in New Plymouth in 1621).
In 1691, the Plymouth colony was merged with the Massachusetts Bay colony and the Maine colony to form the province of Massachusetts.
When Commodore Matthew Perry and the American black ships showed up in Edo Harbor, their appearance and subsequent "opening" of Japan set off an unpredictable chain of events in Tokugawa Japan, chief among them a civil war that broke out fifteen years later:_______
the Boshin War.
A) The Boshin War lasted only two years, between 1868 and 1869, and pitted Japanese samurai and nobles against the reigning Tokugawa regime, wherein the samurai wanted to overthrow the shogun and return political power to the emperor.
B) Ultimately, the militant pro-emperor samurai of Satsuma and Choshu convinced the emperor to issue a decree dissolving the House of Tokugawa, a potentially fatal blow to the former shoguns' family.
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
The Boshin War had two major engagements, firrst the Battle of Toba Fushimi in Januray 1868, that wouldtrigger the escape and abdication of Tokugawa Yoshinobu, and the battle of Hakodate in April 1869 that ended wit the capitulation of the Ezo Republic, which was created after the abdication of the Tokugawa shogun. 1869 marked the beginning of the Meiji Era and of the modern history of Japan, and also the return of power to the Emperor, which allowed the consolidation of the power of new elites originated from the dominions of Satsuma and Choshu.
Describe the lasting legacy of the greek and Roman empires including their contributions to government citizenship science and culture.
Answer:
Greek and Roman are bedrock of the classical culture of Western civilization.
From Greece we inherited a political system and governing model called democracy which flourished in Athens many centuries before our era. The great Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle left us their thinking and philosophy that are the first major works on society and politics, ethics, morality, government. Greek mythology, adopted by the Romans, provided stories and enduring symbols in Western cultures, as well as magnificent inspiration for some of the best Western art and literature. Greek comedy and tragedy are the first major heights of world theater, and Homer gave us the Iliad and the Odyssey. Greek and Roman architecture still serve as models for many of our modern buildings. Thanks to Herodotus, the first world historian, we know about the Medic Wars and the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Rome inherited us also great thinkers, writers, speakers, the art of oratory. From Roman governing system, we have inherited an institution that still exists today in modern democracies: the Senate. Latin , the Roman people´s language, was adopted as the official language of the Catholic Church and of scholars for many centuries; it is the mother of contemporary Romanic languages such as French, Italian and Spanish.
Explanation:
Imagine that you are Abraham Lincoln and you have just been elected President; how would you handle the impending Sectional Crisis and the potential for a Civil War? Write your answer below this line in a paragraph of at least 4 sentences.
Answer:
Although the civil war brought a large number of casualties, he would handle it in the same way as President Lincoln since it was something eminent that would happen, given that slavery in European countries had ended, in many of America equally and keeping this horrible system alone it would cause greater pain to the population.
Faced with the war, it would seek a greater attack by sea and a major economic siege, trying even more to limit possible alliances with England or independent states.
In the same way, I would seek to unite the indigenous peoples to the cause to achieve and stop the attacks on their territory and not be relegated
Explanation:
Answer:
lthough the civil war brought a large number of casualties, he would handle it in the same way as President Lincoln since it was something eminent that would happen, given that slavery in European countries had ended, in many of America equally and keeping this horrible system alone it would cause greater pain to the population.
Faced with the war, it would seek a greater attack by sea and a major economic siege, trying even more to limit possible alliances with England or independent states.
Explanation:
Which statement is true regarding the American workforce of the 1930s? A. Children were driven out of the workforce. B. The percentage of women in the workforce increased. C. Big businesses were able to maintain high wages for most workers. D. African Americans were hired above white Americans. E. Immigrants continued to flock to America for the opportunity to work.
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
In ten years, from 1930 to 1940, the number of women employed in the United States rose from 10.5 million to 13 million, an over 24% rise. Why this happened? The reason for this signicative increase was that jobs available to women ( “women’s work”) belonged to industries that had experience a less severe impact by the crash of the stock market in 1929.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
How did each of the following lead to german unification
Answer:
The German Empire was founded on January 18, 1871 after the victory of Prussia in the Franco-Prussian war and meant the unification of the different German states around Prussia, excluding Austria, under the leadership of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. A period of great development of the German nation began in all fields: economic, geographical, political and military.
However, as the Germans discovered, great speeches, flags, and enthusiastic crowds, a constitution, a political reorganization and the provision of an imperial superstructure; and the revised Customs Union from 1867 to 1868, still did not make a nation.
A key element of the nation-state is the creation of a national culture, often but not necessarily. Through national politics the Kulturkampf (which followed a political, economic, and administrative unification model tried to go in that direction, with a notable lack of success, with some contradictions in German society. Specifically, it was a struggle for language, education and religion A policy of Germanization of non-German people in the empire's population, including Poles and Danes, began with language, in particular, the German language, compulsory schooling (Germanization) , and the attempt to create standardized curricula for those schools to promote and celebrate the idea of a shared past. Another important element in building the nation
Explanation:
During the 1960s, psychology underwent a cognitive revolution as it began to evoke interest in how the mind processes and retains information. The study of brain activity linked with mental activity is called
Answer:
The correct answer is Cognitive Neuroscience
Explanation:
Congnitive neuroscience is defined as the scientific psychology field that studies the biological processes of cognition, its task is to describe how the brain create what we know as the mind but since 1960's it centered it's focus on investigating how certain areas of the brain are in charge or support a specific mental faculty, therefore Cognitive neuroscience studies the brain activity linked with mental activity.
During the Scopes Trial, prosecutor William Jennings Bryan took the stand as an expert witness. How did the public react to Bryan’s testimony? Select the words that correctly complete the sentence.
Those who approved of teaching evolution saw Bryan as foolish / wise, whereas many rural / urban Americans considered the cross-examination an attack on their faith.
Answer:
Wise and urban
Explanation:
If you take in consideration the surrounding sentence, the first part leans more towards Bryan's side by suggesting "those who approved of teaching evolution". Those who approved would see Bryan as wise. This would be your first word choice. Then we see "whereas" meaning that the second word choice would have the opposite effect. However thats not the case here. Clarence Darrow epitomized the urban society which he lived in. He was the trial lawyer. Therefore "urban" would be the second word choice
Hope this helps!
Answer:
The answers are [foolish] and [rural].
Explanation:
Prosecutor W.J. Bryan was overwhelmed with scientific questions that debunked the readings from the Bible that he had narrated as proof against defender Clarence Darrow during the trial. Evolutionists believed Bryan made a fool of himself with his words from the Bible making him look even more foolish, while many rural Americans who were faithful to their religion felt that their beliefs were being attacked.
Robespierre’s rule in France was known as the “Reign of Terror” because
A) so many people feared the French monarchy would attempt to kill Robespierre.
B) his ultra-radical views led to the execution of thousands of French citizens.
C) revolutionaries believed he had made a secret agreement with the Catholic Church.
D) he attempted to restore the monarchy to its previous position of power, frightening many French peasants.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
He killed so many French citizens to put fear into anyone who dared oppose him.
Answer:
thank you, b is the good answer
Explanation:
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Wyoming joins the union with a state constitution granting women’s suffrage. True or False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Women first organized and collectively fought for suffrage at the national level in July of 1848. Suffragists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott convened a meeting of over 300 people in Seneca Falls, New York. In the following decades, women marched, protested, lobbied, and even went to jail. By the 1870s, women pressured Congress to vote on an amendment that would recognize their suffrage rights. This amendment was sometimes known as the Susan B. Anthony amendment and became the 19th Amendment.
The term "Columbian Exchange" is used to describe the exchange of goods, technology, education, and diseases between the Americas and Europe/Africa after Columbus "discovered" the Americas, and their impact on the global economy. How does the Columbian Exchange help explain why many countries in Latin America are poor?
Answer:
Because they had a massive exploration by the mother country (the one responsible by the conquest), which took a considerable part of their goods.
Explanation:
The Latin American colonies were different from the British Colonies (Thirteen Colonies and Canada) because they were explored massively by Portugal and Spain during the three centuries of colonialism. The Iberian countries were following an economic and political idea called Mercantilism which, as the main aspect, was the exploration of a colony, taking the goods and sending it to the mother country. Only a small part was left for the colony. And why those colonies don't rebel against the mother country, you may ask. Because since the very moment the Iberian countries began their colonization, they didn't leave any possibility of revolution, with laws and severe control of the settlers and natives. Any try of revolution or riot was massively dismissed with violence.
How did the artist illustrate his disapproval for city life through the painting above?
a. harsh lines.
b. seemingly separated yet crowded composition.
c. tilted perspective.
d. all of the above.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Why did the growth of railroads during the late 1800s create a boom for the steel industry?
Mining iron was costly and iron rails were too expensive for the railroads.
Steel rails were much more durable than the iron rails that had been in use.
Existing iron rails were stronger than steel but not flexible enough for freight rails.
Steelmakers provided more and more rails as existing steel rails quickly wore out.
The growth of railroads during the late 1800s create a boom for the steel industry becuase Steel rails were much more durable than the iron rails that had been in use.
Option B
Explanation:
In the beginning of the year 1800 the railroad construction in the US increase at a exponential rate. And, in around 1860s the "congress" passed "pacific railroad act". This act authorizes construction of transcontinental railroad. This gives a boost to the railway construction and by 1900 four additional transcontinental railroads are made which connects the eastern states with the Pacific Coast. This turns out to be a boon for the steel industry. As, the railroads were the biggest customer of the steel industry. The steel industry used "cheap and efficient methods" for the mass production of steel rails in order to meet the requirements of the railroads.
Two causes for Greek colonization and expansion throughout the Mediterranean were: constant enemy invasions poor soil for agriculture overcrowding of city-states the search for new trading outlets
Answer: Overcrowding of city-states
The search for new trading outlets
Explanation:
The colonization period of Greece wich took place between the 8th and 6th century BC was spurred up the need of raw materials and resourses, coupled with the demand for luxury goods and a population explosion. Innovative agricultural techniques as well as widespread availability of better farming tools led to increassingly better crop yields and population growth. Farm land became increassingly scarcer, and political pressure led city states to fund and command colonization enterprises with the objective of supply their need for extra resourses, alliviating the overcrowding problem many cities faced at the time. The groth of these colonies into cities or trading posts had the added benefit of creating new trading centers that could further enrich the metropolis or mother city of the colony either by exporting raw materials or manufactured goods back and forth between the settlements.
Answer:
Poor soil
and
overcrowding of the city states.
Explanation:
What new technologies helped trigger the industrial revolution
Answer:
The ones that generated a turning point were, the steam machine, construction of machines and improved textile technology and improvement in the transportation system.
Explanation:
Industrial revolution was undoubtedly a very important fact in world history, it changed the world in a very deep way and it had an impact in all kinds of society.
Rural areas changed since the use of machines started replacing daily activities people used to do, the way the crops were handled, the way animals were taken care of, new tools started to be used in order to provide better and more efficient processes.
New technologies related to transportation were seen as something surprising, as a consequence, rural areas started to be abandoned since people wanted to experience the new changes the urban places were going through.
The National Origins Act of 1924:
a. discriminated against northwestern Europeans.
b. included a quota system for the first time.
c. entirely banned immigration from East Asia to the United States.
d. set a rigid limit of 150,000 immigrants a year.
e. was designed to alter the sources but not the overall number of immigrants.
three things george washington warned against
In Washington's farewell address, he warned the nation about entanglements with other countries politics,to view themselves as a cohesive unite by avoiding political parties, and to not fall into massive debt as a country.
What was the significance of the meeting of the estates-general in 1789
Answer:
The first actions to the French Revolution were made.
Explanation:
In 1789, King Louis XVI was forced to summon the Estates General, due to the economic situation and agricultural crisis that France was facing.
The Estates General was divided in three estates.
The first estate was composed by members of the Roman Catholic clergy, about 100.000 people. The second estate consisted of the French nobility, numbered about 400.000 people, while the third estate included the rest of the French population, about 97% of the total population of France.
These Estates General had the power to decide on the levying of new taxes and the new reforms. By that time most of the taxes were paid only by the third estate.
During the ceremony, each estate had to vote on important matters, but each estate would have only one vote. This wasn’t well received by the third estate as it meant that the first two would overrule them on important decisions. In order to avoid being overruled, the third estate suggested that each member of each estate should have one vote.
This suggestion wasn’t well received by the other two estates as the third one was much bigger and they would outvote the first two.
After arguing over how they would vote, the third estate began to start taking things into their own hands, leading to the formation of the National Assembly.
This National Assembly wasn’t recognized by the king but the members of the Assembly took an oath to keep meeting until they were recognized as the legitimate government body.
In the end, these were the first actions that led to the French Revolution.
If an unskilled female worker wanted equal pay for her work in the textile industry, which group would be the most likely to help her cause?
A.
the federal government
B.
the American Federation of Labor
C.
the Knights of Labor
D.
the owner of the factory where she works
Answer:
A. The Federal Goverment
Explanation:
The purpose of minimum wage laws is to stop employers from exploiting desperate workers. The minimum wage should provide enough income to afford a living wage. That is the amount needed to provide enough food, clothing, and shelter.
Answer: It will be C. The Knights of Labor.
Explanation: "Knights of Labor. Knights of Labor (KOL), the first important national labour organization in the United States, founded in 1869. Named the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor by its first leader, Uriah Smith Stephens, it originated as a secret organization meant to protect its members from employer retaliations." -Wikipedia
(1095-1204) Western European revival coincided with and contributed to the CRUSADES, a series of religiously inspired Christian military campaigns against Muslims in the eastern Mediterranean that dominated the politics of Europe from 1095 to 1204. Four great expeditions, the last redirected against the Byzantines and resulting in the Latin capture of Constantinople, constituted the region's largest military undertakings since the fall of Rome. As a result of the Crusades, noble courts and burgeoning cities in western Europe consumed more goods from east
Final answer:
The Crusades were a series of religiously motivated military campaigns from 1096 to the late 13th century, impacting Western Europe through trade expansion, cultural exchange, and political development. This period saw the growth of knightly orders, urbanization, and increased intellectual activity, setting the stage for the Renaissance.
Explanation:
The Crusades were a series of religious and military campaigns that took place from the late 11th century to the late 13th century, involving Western European Christians and primarily directed against Muslims in the Levant and other regions. These campaigns, officially sanctioned by the papacy, aimed to reclaim the Holy Land and were marked by times of significant conquests, like the capture of Jerusalem, and disastrous losses.
The First Crusade began in 1096 when Pope Urban II called for a holy war, a response initially to a cry for aid from the Byzantine Empire, which faced the Seljuq Turks. Despite its religious motivations, the Crusades led to cultural and economic exchanges between the East and West, expanding trade routes, and introducing Western Europe to goods like silk and sugar. While the crusaders established several states in the Eastern Mediterranean, these territories were gradually lost to Muslim powers, and the impact of the Crusades influenced political structures, economic growth, and cross-cultural interactions, paving the way for the Renaissance.
Throughout the Crusades, Western Europe underwent significant changes, sometimes directly influenced by these conflicts. Feudal systems strengthened with the proliferation of knightly orders, and urbanization led to increased intellectual activity. This period also saw the rise of silk road trade, where Western Europeans came into greater contact with goods from the East, fostering a burgeoning marketplace that would eventually contribute to the end of the medieval period. The Crusades' termination coincided with the establishment of strong nation-states that shifted their focus towards internal consolidation and rivalries within Europe.