Answer:
In 150 A.D., the Greek scientist Ptolemy published a book, known by its Arabic name, The Almagest, which contained a summary of Greek astronomical knowledge, including a catalog of 1022 stars, with estimates of their brightness, arranged into 48 constellations.
Explanation:
The ancient Greeks and Romans named the constellations based on mythology and cultural beliefs. Astronomers like Giovanni Riccioli and Johann Bayer also contributed to naming features on the Moon and stars in constellations. The brightest stars have names derived from ancient languages.
Explanation:The main astronomers that named the constellations were the ancient Greeks and Romans. They grouped stars into patterns or constellations and gave them names based on mythology and cultural beliefs. The Greeks named sections of the sky in honor of characters in their mythology and then fit the star configurations to animals and people as best they could. The Romans also named the planets after their chief gods.
Later, astronomers like Giovanni Riccioli and Johann Bayer played a role in naming features on the Moon and stars in constellations. Riccioli named lunar craters after famous astronomers, while Bayer assigned Greek letters to the brightest stars in each constellation.
The brightest stars have names that have been passed down from ancient times, with some derived from Greek, Latin, and Arabic languages. Examples include Sirius, which means "the scorched one," and Vega, which means "swooping Eagle."
Which of the following is used in medical imagery?
radio waves
X rays
blue light
ultraviolet light
Medical imagery includes many methods that uses different technologies. X-ray technology is the most common one, which uses X-rays for generating results.
What is medical imagery?Medical imagery is a technique which doctor uses to find any defect inside the body. There are many techniques for this purpose, ex. computed tomography scans, MRI, X-rays, etc.
X-rays are form of electromagnetic waves which are absorbed by the body in different amounts.
Thus, B is the correct option.
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What is not generally an implication stemming from an increase in the number of facilities?
Answer:
The answer is A.
Explanation:
The question is not complete, here is the complete question:
Which of the following statements is NOT generally an implication stemming from an increase in the number of facilities?
A) decreased total logistics cost
B) quicker response
C) increased customer satisfaction
D) increased facility costs
Among the given options, having a decreased logistics cost would not be an implication of an increase in the number of facilities. All the other options are correct implications for a facility increase.
I hope this answer helps.
The thalamus relays sensory information to a.correct regions of the cerebral hemispheres b.relays motor information from the cerebellum and basal nuclei (basal ganglia) to the cerebrum c.plays a role in consciousness consists of a pair of oval masses d.all of these choices are correct
Answer: eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Explanation:
Place the steps involved in the process of bacterial transformation in the correct order.
A. Donor cell DNA binds to a receptor site on the recipient cell.
B. One strand of the donor cell DNA is degraded.
C. Transformed DNA pairs with homologous region on the recipient cell chromosome.
D. Transformed DNA recombines with the recipient cell chromosome.
E. Donor cell lyses, releasing pieces of its chromosome into the environment.
Answer:
E-A-B-C-D
Explanation:
The steps involved in the process of bacterial transformation in the correct order are;
E. Donor cell lyses, releasing pieces of its chromosome into the environment.
A. Donor cell DNA binds to a receptor site on the recipient cell.
B. One strand of the donor cell DNA is degraded.
C. Transformed DNA pairs with homologous region on the recipient cell chromosome.
D. Transformed DNA recombines with the recipient cell chromosome.
Answer:
(A) Donor cell lyses, releasing pieces of its chromosome into the environment.
(b) Donor cell DNA binds to a receptor site on the recipient cell.
(c) One strand of the donor cell DNA is degraded.
(d) Transformed DNA pairs with homologous region on the recipient cell chromosome.
(E) Transformed DNA recombines with the recipient cell chromosome.
Explanation:
Process of bacteria transformation
This is a process of gene transfer that occurs in an horizontal manner; means by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material from the environment. Such bacteria are usually termed as competent cells and can be used in artificial selection processes.
The Lotka–Volterra models show that coexistence is more likely if A. Niche overlap is small and the carrying capacities are different. B. Niche overlap is large and the carrying capacities are similar. C. Niche overlap is small and the carrying capacities are similar. D. Niche overlap is similar and the carrying capacities are different. E. None of the above.
Answer:
C. Niche overlap is small and the carrying capacities are similar.
Explanation:
The Lotka-Volterra model is used to predicts if coexistence of two species is possible .The Lotka–Volterra models show that coexistence is more likely if niche overlap is small and the carrying capacities are similar.
A DNA molecule contains FIFTY base pairs of nucleotides. Thirty of the nucleotides are paired with adenine. How many of the nucleotides are paired with guanine? *
A. 20
B. 50
C. 40
D. 30
Answer:
A. 20
Explanation:
According to Chargaff's rule, the ratio of purine to pyrimidine bases in a DNA sequence must be 1:1. More specifically, the number of guanine should balance that of cytosine while the number of adenine should balance that of thymine.
Hence, if 30 nucleotides are paired with adenine and only thymine can paired with adenine, it means that the remaining base pairs which is guanine/cytosine is 20. Therefore, the remaining 20 nucleotides (out of 50) must be paired with guanine.
The correct option is A.
Answer:
A. 20
Explanation:
A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains made up of four types of nucleotides viz: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine. Each chain is called STRAND. The complementary base pairing rule proposed by Chargaff states that, in a DNA molecule, Adenine nucleotide will always hydrogen bond to Thymine nucleotide i.e. A-T while Cytosine nucleotide will always hydrogen bond to Guanine nucleotide i.e. G-C.
According to Chargaff, the amount of each base is equal to the amount of its complementary pair i.e. Adenine=Thymine and Guanine=Cytosine. Based on this, if 30 of the 50 nucleotides are paired with adenine, this means that Thymine nucleotides are 30 in the DNA molecule.
However, the remaining 20 (50-30) nucleotide pairs will contain a pairing of Guanine to Cytosine. This means 20 of the Cytosine nucleotides will be paired with Guanine.
When an animal confronts a "fight-or-flight" situation, the release of epinephrine promotes glycogen breakdown in the liver, heart and skeletal muscle. The end product of glycogen breakdown in the liver is glucose, but in muscle, it is pyruvate. What is the reason for the different products of glycogen breakdown in the two tissues? What is the advantage of these specific glycogen breakdown routes to an animal that must fight or flee?
Answer: and Explanation:
A.)The reason for the different products of glycogen breakdown in the two tissues is that glucose 6-phosphotase which is
a known enzyme that brings about hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate as a result of the creation of a phosphate group and free glucose is not available in heart and skeletal muscle, therefore,any glucose 6-phosphotase that is produced will just enters the glycolytic pathway and get converted to lactate through pyruvate, in the absence of Oxygen O2.
B) Whenever a situation involving fight or flight arises, the concentration of glycolytic precursors becomes high in order to prepare for muscular activity. Since the membrane is impermeable to any charged species, and at the same time glucose 6-phosphotase enzyme cannot be moved through the glucose transporter, then there cannot be a release of Phosphorylated intermediates from the cell. The blood glucose level must be maintained by the liver by releasing of glucose.
glucose that is later formed from glucose 6-phosphotase then enters the bloodstream.
Read the description below:
Another way that plant systems and tissues work together is in the transport of materials such as food, called translocation. Auxins are plant hormones produced in the parenchyma. For a plant to grow, certain auxins move through the phloem to the cells of the collenchyma ground tissue in the apical meristem. These auxins tell those cells that they need to divide. In order to do this, those cells need the sugars transported from the leaves through the phloem vascular tissue.
Which of the following tissues and systems were involved in translocation? Check all that apply.
1) roots
2) stem
3) leaves
4) dermal tissue
5) vascular tissue
6) ground tissue
Answer:
Stem, Leaves, Vascular tissue, ground Tissue
Explanation:
Answer:
B, C, E, F edu 2020
Explanation:
I just did it
Filtrate becomes less concentrated as it flows down the medullary collecting ducts, toward the renal pelvis.
True
False
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
Medullary collecting ducts courses down from the cortex through the hypertonic medulla before joining the collecting tubules from other nephrons to form a single ureter in each kidney.
It is the principle site of action for ADH (antidiuretic hormone) which stimulates the expression of water channel protien, aquaporin-2 in the cell membrane. ADH causes reabsorption of the water through these channels thus resulting in increased concentration of the filtrate.
Hence, the statement filtrate becomes less concentrated as it flows down the medullary collecting ducts, toward the renal pelvis is completely false.
Take __ away from microbes by using __ in jams and
putting___
on foods like meat was helpful in days before
refrigeration to stop microbes from growing.
a.SALT, SUGAR, WATER
b.WATER, SUGAR, WATER
c.WATER, SALT, SUGAR
d.WATER, SUGAR, SALT
Answer:
d. Water, sugar , salt.
Explanation:
Sugar in jams helps by drawing water from its surroundings, any microbe that tends to be arround then becomes dehydrated as water will be drawn through the cell wall making it difficult for them to grow and cause death. Salt also works in this same manner of sucking up water. This process used by salt and water is known as OSMOSIS.
The neurons in the inferior temporal cortex...
A. are specialized for processing spatial information and respond differentially to
the direction and speed of movement.
B. are the primary source of input to V1, V2 and V3.
C. respond selectively to objects.
D. integrate motor commands with spatial information.
Answer:
C. respond selectively to objects.
Explanation:
The neurons in the inferior temporal cortex are involved in:
Responding selectively to the objects.Letter and pseudoword readingGrapheme-phenomic conversionAudiovisual integration of syllabusPresentation of faces pronouncing syllabus.Hence option C is the right answer amongst the options mentioned.
What causes spring and neep tides, and identify the phases of the moon when these tides occur
Answer spring tide occur when the moon, earth and the sun are in a straight line which causes regular higher tides and low tides to increase in their intensity
While neep tides occur when the moon, sun and the earth are formed at a right angle. This will make the regular higher tides and low tides to become much lower than the usual.
Explanation:
Which of these choices is considered an environment cost
Answer:
Where are the choices?
Explanation:
Answer:
C. Water contamination
Explanation:
Which of the following is false?
A. Fertilizers can maintain soil fertility and productivity into the distant future-even if the soil is eroding.
B. Soil erosion is occurring throughout most of the densely inhabited regions of the world.
C. Both the direct and indirect costs of soil erosion is estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars worldwide.
D. Soil that has eroded could take centuries to be replaced.
E. Loss of soil, combined with exponential population growth, could lead to serious food shortages.
Answer:
Option A, Fertilizers can maintain soil fertility and productivity into the distant future-even if the soil is eroding.
Explanation:
The top layer of the soil known as top soil is essential for its productivity because it contains essential nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium.
If this topsoil is lost, the inherent soil fertility is also lost. In order to restore the soil fertility, additional inputs in the form of fertilizers and manures are used.
Fertilizers help in restoring soil fertility but only if the essential subsoil material are present. In short it can be said that continuous soil erosion for a longer period of time will result into infertile land parcels whose fertility cannot be restored by fertilizers.
Hence, option A is correct
Earthworm behavior lab report. What is your hypothesis for this experiment?
Answer:
Explanation:
Instead, they can sense light through their skin. These natural light sensors let the earthworms know when they are getting too close to a bright light, such as the sun. Earthworms try to stay out of sunlight because the heat from the sun dries out their skin.
Earthworms tends to move towards light when they are placed in the dark area, as they can sense the light through their skin.
What is earthworm?Earthworms are terrestrial invertebrate, lives in soil. They belong to phylum annelid and feature a tube-in-tube body plan. They found everywhere in the world, where water, soil, and temperature are appropriate for them.
As earthworms live in soil, they obtain their nutrients from the soil. They eat wide variety of organic matter including, plant matter, living protozoa, rotifers, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
Earthworms can feel with the help of their skin, so they can sense the light and when placed in dark, it tends to move towards it. Earthworms tends to shrink in colder temperature, when they are placed in cold water they became slow.
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what causes water to runoff
Answer:
Runoff occurs when there is more water than land can absorb.
Explanation:
The excess liquid flows across the surface of the land and into nearby creeks, streams, or ponds. ... Glaciers, snow, and rain all contribute to this natural runoff. Runoff also occurs naturally as soil is eroded and carried to various bodies of water.
Answer:
water does not soak into the ground.
Explanation:
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Which organism in the food web contains the most energy
Answer:
The answer is grass
Explanation:
The organism that is having the highest energy here is grass, the correct option is B.
What is energy in ecosystem?Energy is transferred from producers to consumers by organisms in food webs.
Organisms use energy to carry out complex daily tasks. The vast majority of energy in food webs comes from the sun and is converted or transformed into chemical energy by the photosynthesis process in plants.
An ecosystem is a geographical area in which plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, coexist to form a life.
Ecosystems contain both biotic including living ones along with abiotic means nonliving components.
The producers store the most energy. Around 10% of the light energy converted into chemical energy by photosynthesis, as well as 10% of the energy produced, is transferred to the subsequent trophic levels.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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How can you see change over time using topographic maps and satellite images?
Topographic maps and satellite images
Explanation:
A topographic map represents earth's surface features like land forms and structures, rivers and lakes, mountains and hills, elevations and other natural features along with man-made artificial features like cities, buildings, monuments, roads, bridges etc. These are formed by contour lines.
Topographic maps are printed with revision dates to observe the changes happening on the Earth's surface. Various land forms keeps changing due to natural and man-made causes and these needs to be updated accordingly to provide accurate details.
A satellite image provides details of the earth aerially from space. These provides details of a land form or any earth structure currently.
By comparing with older satellite images or topographic maps with the current one, the changes which occurred over time can be observed.
Who grouped humans with primates in the same genus?
Answer:
Linnaeus
Explanation:
Which five organs make up the vestibular system? A. Three semicircular canals and two otolith organs B. Two semicircular canals and three otolith organs C. One semicircular canal and four otolith organs D. Four semicircular canals and one otolith organ E. Five semicircular canals
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
The vestibular system is a part of the inner ear that provides the most important contribution to the sense of balance and coordinating movement with balance. This system is made up of two parts which are the three semicircular canals and the two otolith organs. The two otolith organs are the saccule and the utricle. The utricle is sensitive to changes with regards to horizontal movement and the saccule provides information about vertical acceleration. They are able to do this due to their orientation in the inner ear providing spatial orientation with regards to movement and balance. the three semi circular canals includes the horizontl, poterior and the superior semicircular canals. they provide sensory inputs.
Answer:
A. Three semicircular canals and two otolith organs
Explanation:
The vestibular system is the sensory system found in the inner ear. It helps in the coordination of balance and movement.
The vestibular system consists of two major parts : the semicircular canals which is responsible for rotational movements and are Three in number and the Otolith organ which is responsible for linear acceleration and are 2 in number.
The vestibular system sends signals mainly to the neural structures that control eye movements and to the muscles that keep an animal or human in their general control posture.
Having white wool (W) is dominant over having black wool (w). A heterozygous parent with white wool is crossed with a homozygous recessive parent with black wool. What is the probability that the offspring will have black wool?
Answer:
50%
Explanation:
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are both part of which division of the nervous system?
Answer:
Autonomic nervous system
Explanation:
Answer:
Autonomic nervous system
Explanation:
APE.X
Use the following information to answer the question. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (that is, extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plumules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. The stingers of honeybees have a function most similar to that of ________. a rhinophores b dorsal plumules c cerata d chemoreceptors
Final answer:
The bee's stinger is functionally similar to the cerata of nudibranchs, both being used for defense and predation, whereas rhinophores and chemoreceptors are sensory, and dorsal plumules are for respiration.
Explanation:
The stingers of honeybees serve a defensive role similar to the cerata of nudibranchs. The cerata typically cover much of the dorsal surface of nudibranchs and contain nematocysts at their tips for defense and predation, which is analogous to the role of the bee's stinger. The other options provided do not serve a similar purpose: rhinophores are sensory organs for detecting chemicals; dorsal plumules are involved in gas exchange; and chemoreceptors are also involved in sensing the environment, not in defense or stinging.
Lobsters are crustaceans related to crayfish, crabs, and shrimp. Most lobsters are a reddish brown color, but on rare occasions, they can be orange, blue, or even multicolored. These color differences can be caused by__________.
Different organisms have changed thier colors as caused by evolution and natural selection as they better adapt in thier habitat.
What is evolution?The term evolution has to do with the changes that occurs in an organism as they move from one form to another.
Many different organisms have changed thier colors as caused by evolution and natural selection as they better adapt in thier habitat.
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Final answer:
Lobsters' color differences can be due to genetic mutations or environmental influences, leading to rare blue or multicolored appearances among the predominantly reddish brown crustaceans.
Explanation:
The color differences in lobsters can be caused by genetic mutations or variations in their environment. While most lobsters appear reddish brown due to the mix of pigments in their shells, on rare occasions, lobsters can be blue, orange, or even multicolored. These unique colorations result from different levels or the absence of certain pigments. For example, a blue lobster has a genetic mutation that causes an overproduction of a particular protein, leading to the blue pigment. The colorful variations, although infrequent, showcase the biodiversity within the subphylum Crustacea, which includes a vast array of aquatic and a few terrestrial species ranging from shrimp and krill to woodlice.
Substance R is too large to diffuse across the cell membrane or to be transported across by a protein. Molecules of Substance R can, however, cross the membrane and exit the cell. By which of the listed processes do they cross?
A. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Diffusion
Answer:
A. Active transport
Explanation:
The process is called Exocytosis which falls under the Active transport system.
Active Transport describes the processes of moving materials through the cell membrane that requires the use of energy. Substance R was said to be too large to diffuse so it will certainly need some form of energy to make it pass through the membranes. This makes Active transport the correct choice.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
.facilitated Diffusion is the form of assisted diffusion through special protein channels in the membrane of cells. It is a passive form of diffusion because it still depends on the movements of the particular substance down the concentration gradient . It is the transport methods for large polar molecules e.g amino acids, glucose and ions to reach the inside of the cells.
The special proteins involved are the carrier, gated channels, and channels protein. These proteins provides hydrophylic medium for theses molecules to reach the cells.
Generally the channels proteins are fixed in shape , while the carrier proteins can change between the two shapes
Madeline is 9 years old and considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madelines weight?
A. 1
B. 25
C. 100
D. more than 200
Answer:
Option-D
Explanation:
Obesity refers to a disease in which the person accumulates a high amount of fat due to lifestyle with less physical activity but a very high amount of energy intake.
Obesity is not just influenced by the environment but by genetics also. The genetic studies on the accumulation of fat involve more than 200 genes in which one of the genes is fat mass and obesity-associated gene or FTO gene. This gene can cause increased hunger level, reduced satiety, and influence other genes.
Thus, Option-D is correct.
You sampled 1000 individuals from a population of mosquitoes to test whether they are in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for a gene D, where a recessive allele (d) is responsible for conferring pesticide resistance. After genotyping your 1000 sampled mosquitoes, go obtain the following number of individuals for the three possible genotypes: a. Genotype dd: 22 individuals b. Genotype Dd: 188 individuals c. Genotype DD: 790 individuals
Answer:
The population is not following the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Explanation:
Hardy-Weinberg proposed that the population will remain in the equilibrium if they are not affected with the external natural force like genetic drift, mutation and many others. The gene pool of a population will remain in equilibrium state for generations.
The mathematical expression for the Hardy-Weinberg are
Genotypic frequency is p²+q²+2pq=1
Allele frequency is p+q=1
where p-dominant allele,
q-recessive allele
Therefore,calculating expected frequency of allele q,
q² (recessive genotype)- q²+2pq/1000
= 22+188/1000
=210/1000
= 0.21
q= 0.45
Calculating expected frequency of allele p,
Using p+q=1
p=1-q
p= 0.55 (expected)
Calculating observed value of frequency of p,
p²= p²+2pq/1000
= 790+188/1000
= 978/1000
= 0.978
p = 0.988 (observed)
Since the expected frequency does not match the observed frequency therefore the population is not under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the gene pool is disturbed.
In the context of a mosquito population, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the principles of population genetics can help one understand the distribution of a recessive allele conferring pesticide resistance. Deviations from the equilibrium suggest microevolutionary changes, probably due to selective pressures such as pesticide use. Using these principles can guide decisions in managing pesticide resistance in mosquito populations.
Explanation:The subject of your question relates to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and population genetics within a population of mosquitoes. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predicts the frequency of two alleles in a gene pool, represented by the mathematical equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1, if five conditions are met: no mutations, no gene flow, random mating, no genetic drift, and no selection. In your mosquito population, deviations from this equilibrium could indicate microevolutionary changes, possibly due to factors such as pesticide resistance conferred by a recessive allele (d).
You've obtained genotypic figures: 22 individuals carry the genotype dd, 188 individuals carry the genotype Dd, and 790 individuals carry the genotype DD. This indicates that your mosquito population is not in static equilibrium, and there is likely a shift in allele frequency, potentially due to selective pressures like pesticide use. The Hardy-Weinberg principle can offer insights into this, providing a snapshot of genetic variation in a population at a given time.
Examining the genotype frequencies and using the allele frequency calculations from the Hardy-Weinberg principle can help you identify the proportion of the mosquitoes that are likely to be resistant to pesticides, and predict future changes in your population. The value of understanding these dynamics lies in their application to real-world challenges such as managing pesticide resistance in mosquito populations.
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Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. Which of the following statements describes a relationship that Engelmann's experiment helped to determine?A. amount of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis B. wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration C. wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis D. amount of carbon dioxide and the rate of anaerobic respiration
Answer:
C. wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis
Explanation:
The experiment by Theodor W. Engelman demonstrated the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis.
Various experiments have reported that the optimal regions of white light that drive photosynthesis is the red and blue regions.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water is utilized to synthesize glucose and oxygen is produced as a result. Hence, the rate of production of oxygen is directly proportional to the rate of photosynthesis.
Therefore, the more the photosynthesis rate, the more the oxygen produced and the more the growth of aerobic bacteria. This is why more bacterial growth was observed around the red and blue region of white light according to Engelmann's observation.
The correct option is C.
Theodor W. Engelmann's determined the relationship between different wavelengths of light (specifically, red and blue light) and the rate of photosynthesis.
experiment
Explanation:Theodor W. Engelmann's experiment was designed to elucidate the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis, thus the best option from the given ones would be C. wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis.
During Engelmann's experiment, different segments of algae were exposed to different wavelengths of light. He noticed that the largest bacterial clusters were positioned where the algae were exposed to red and blue light. Engelmann deduced that these areas must be producing the most oxygen (a byproduct of photosynthesis), which attracted the aerobic bacteria.
This experiment indirectly determined the rates of photosynthesis associated with specific light wavelengths, showcasing that blue and red light promote the highest rate of photosynthesis.
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What is the term for a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane?
Answer: OSMOSIS
Explanation:
OSMOSIS is a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. It's very useful in biological systems and is dependent on the following factors:
- osmotic pressure and
- osmotic gradient.
Osmotic pressure: this is defined as the least pressure that needs to be applied in a solution to discontinue the transfer of solvent across a semipermeable membrane.
Osmotic gradient: this compares the concentration of solutions divided by a semipermeable membrane. The concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution is known through osmotic gradient.
In which process are the chromosomes separated into chromatids?
Answer:
During anaphase, each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes. The chromosomes are separated by a structure called the mitotic spindle.
Explanation: