Ionic compounds are brittle because due to the strong bond between the positive and negative ions that formed the molecules. These positive and negative bonds produce crystals in rigid, lattice structures.
What are ionic compound ?The term ionic compound is defined as the compounds made up of ions that produce charged particles when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses electrons.
Because of their electrostatic attractions, ionic compounds are brittle. These forces keep anions and cations in specific positions in a crystal lattice. Metals, on the other hand, are malleable because the atoms can roll over and create new positions, thereby maintaining their bonds.
Thus, ionic compounds are brittle.
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While studying chemical and physical changes, students added salt to a glass of water. They stirred the salt until it dissolved and could no longer be seen. "That's a chemical change," Sarah stated. Do you agree? Explain. A) Yes, it is a chemical change because something new is formed. B) No, it is a physical change. It is salt and water and you can get the salt back by boiling off the water. C) Yes, it is a chemical change because there was a change in the appearance of one of the components, the salt. D) No, it is a physical change. A chemical change cannot occur when you mix two compounds together like salt, NaCl, and water, H2O, without adding heat.
Two of the substances in part 1 are ionic. which factors will result in a stronger ionic bond overall?
The factors that result in a stronger ionic bond are greater absolute charges and smaller ions. The similarity of ionic sizes can affect the bond's stability but doesn't directly make the bond stronger or weaker.
The following factors often affect an ionic bond's strength:
Greater absolute charges: Ionic bonds are more powerful when the positive and negative charges of the participating ions are greater. For instance, because the charges are higher in the former situation, the connection between a +2 ion (for instance, Ca²⁺) and a -2 ion (for instance, O₂) is stronger than between a +1 ion (for instance, Na⁺) and a -1 ion (for instance, Cl).
Ion bonds formed by smaller ions are frequently stronger. Ions can move closer to one another when they are smaller, which increases the electrostatic attraction between them.
Therefore, higher absolute charges and smaller ions produce an ionic bond that is stronger. Though it doesn't directly strengthen or weaken the binding, the similarity of the ionic sizes can have an impact on how stable the bond is.
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A stronger ionic bond is characterized by larger ionic charges and smaller ion sizes, resulting in greater attraction and higher lattice energy. For instance, a 2+ cation would form a stronger ionic bond with a chloride ion than a 1+ cation due to the greater charge.
The factors that will result in a stronger ionic bond overall include the magnitude of the charges and the size of the ions. A stronger ionic bond is formed when the ions involved have larger charges because larger charges result in a greater electrostatic force of attraction. Additionally, smaller ions form stronger bonds since they can get closer together, which increases the attraction between them. The lattice energy is a measure of the strength of ionic bonding.
Sodium chloride is an example of a substance with ionic bonds that result in high melting and boiling points due to the strong attractions. The strength of an ionic bond is directly proportional to the quantity of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between the charged particles. For instance, a cation with a 2+ charge would form a stronger ionic bond with Cl− than a cation with a 1+ charge because of the greater charge magnitude.
If 0.158 g of a white, unknown solid carbonate of a group 2A metal (M) is heated and the resulting CO2 is transferred to a 285 ml sealed flask and allowed to cool to 25 degrees Celsius, the pressure in the flask is 69.8 mmHg. What is the identity of the carbonate?
The compound aluminum acetate is a strong electrolyte. write the reaction when solid aluminum acetate is put into water:
When solid aluminum acetate (Aluminum Ethanoate) is put into water, it dissociates into its constituent ions, resulting in the following reaction:
Aluminum Acetate (solid) → Aluminum ions [tex]\rm (Al^3^+)[/tex] + Acetate ions [tex]\rm (CH_3COO^-)[/tex]
When solid aluminum acetate (also known as aluminum ethanoloate) is added to water, aluminum ions [tex]\rm (Al^3^+)[/tex] and acetate ions[tex]\rm (CH_3COO^-)[/tex]are produced. The attraction between the ions and the polar water molecules causes this separation. Hydration is the process through which water molecules surround these ions.
Due to the presence of freely moving ions that promote the flow of electric current, the resulting solution develops into a powerful electrolyte that can conduct electricity. Aluminum acetate dissociates and ionizes in water, which contributes to its function as a powerful electrolyte in aqueous solution and facilitates a variety of chemical and electrochemical reactions.
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How many sucrose molecules are in 3.0 moles of sucrose scientific
Answer:1.80 x 10^24
Explanation:
2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane has how many secondary carbons? view available hint(s) 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane has how many secondary carbons? five nine six seven
"at what gas temperature t e would the average translational kinetic energy of a helium atom be equal to that of an oxygen molecule in a gas of temperature 300 k"
The average translational kinetic energy of helium s equal to that of oxygen at [tex]\boxed{300\;{\text{K}}}[/tex] .
Further Explanation:
One of the states of matter is gas. In gases, the atoms and molecules have space between them and can easily move over each other hence gases are compressible. Gases neither have fixed shape nor volume. It occupies the shape and volume of the container. The examples of matter that are gases are nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
The kinetic theory is based on the following postulates:
1. Gas molecules have a large collection of individual particles with empty space between them and the volume of each particle is very small as compared to the volume of the whole gas.
2. The gas particles are in straight-line motion or random motion until they are not collided with the wall of the container or with each other.
3. The collision between the gas particles and the wall of the containers are an elastic collision that means molecules exchange energy but they don’t lose any energy during the collision. So the total kinetic energy is constant.
The formula to calculate the average translational kinetic energy of helium is as follows:
[tex]{{\text{E}}_{{\text{He}}}} = \frac{3}{2}{\text{k}}{{\text{T}}_{{\text{He}}}}[/tex] …… (1)
Here,
[tex]{{\text{E}}_{{\text{He}}}}[/tex] is the average translational kinetic energy of helium gas.
k is the Boltzmann constant.
[tex]{{\text{T}}_{{\text{He}}}}[/tex] is the absolute temperature of helium gas.
The formula to calculate the average translational kinetic energy of oxygen is as follows:
[tex]{{\text{E}}_{{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}} = \frac{3}{2}{\text{k}}{{\text{T}}_{{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}}[/tex] …… (2)
Here,
[tex]{{\text{E}}_{{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}}[/tex] is average translational kinetic energy of oxygen gas.
k is the Boltzmann constant.
[tex]{{\text{T}}_{{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}}[/tex] is absolute temperature of oxygen gas.
Since both gases have same average translational energy. So left-hand side of equation (1) and (2) becomes equal, and therefore right-hand side of both equations can be compared as follows:
[tex]\frac{3}{2}{\text{k}}{{\text{T}}_{{{\text{O}}_2}}} = \frac{3}{2}{\text{k}}{{\text{T}}_{{\text{He}}}}[/tex] …… (3)
Rearrange equation (3) to calculate [tex]{{\text{T}}_{{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}}[/tex]
[tex]{{\text{T}}_{{{\text{O}}_2}}} = {{\text{T}}_{{\text{He}}}}[/tex] …… (4)
The value of [tex]{{\text{T}}_{{\text{He}}}}[/tex] is 300 K. So according to equation (4), [tex]{{\text{T}}_{{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}}}[/tex] also becomes 300 K.
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Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Ideal gas equation
Keywords: 300 K, helium, oxygen, average translational kinetic energy, k, Boltzmann constant, absolute temperature, gas, kinetic theory, 3/2 kT, same, equal.
What is the name of the hybrid orbitals used by sulfur in scl2?
The hybrid orbitals used by sulfur in SCl2 are sp3. These are formed due to bonding with two chlorine atoms, and the presence of a lone pair.
Explanation:The hybrid orbitals used by sulfur in SCl2 are sp3 hybrid orbitals. In SCl2, sulfur uses three of its valence electrons to form sigma bonds with two chlorine atoms and the remaining two are used to form a lone pair. Hence, we have total 4, i.e., the hybridization of S in SCl2 is sp3.
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help!!
The electron sea is responsible for which of the following properties?
A. All of these
B. Malleable
C. Ductile
D. Conducting electricity and heat
Answer:
D.Conducting electricity and heat
Explanation:
Metal : It is defined as that substance which is good conductor of electricity and heat. Metal have ductile and malleable property.In metal, atoms are held together by metallic bonds .The valence electrons from s and p orbital are delocalised and they form sea of electrons that surround the positively charged nuclei of the interacting metal ion.Then , the electrons are freely move throughout the space between atomic nuclei.
Due to availability of free electrons, metal conduct electricity and heat.
Therefore, the electron sea is responsible for conducting electricity and heat .
A solution of ammonia and water contains 2.60×1025 water molecules and 6.90×1024 ammonia molecules. how many total hydrogen atoms are in this solution
When compared to sulfuric acid, how strong are carboxylic acids? when compared to sulfuric acid, how strong are carboxylic acids? just as strong weaker stronger not acidic at all?
Compared to sulphuric acid, carboxylic acids are much weaker, this is because of their overall characteristic with respect to pKa, they do not dissociate completely as to all be in their conjugate base form but will have equal amounts in both.
What is Sulfuric acid?Sulfuric acid is a strong polyprotic acid, and has a pKa value that is even smaller than the carboxylic acid.
Oil of vitriol, also known as sulfuric acid is a mineral acid made up of the elements hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and has the chemical formula H2SO4.
It is a viscous liquid that is miscible with water. It has no color or smell. Due to its strong affinity for water vapor, pure sulfuric acid does not naturally occur; it is hygroscopic and rapidly absorbs water vapor from the air.
Therefore, Compared to sulphuric acid, carboxylic acids are much weaker, this is because of their overall characteristic with respect to pKa, they do not dissociate completely as to all be in their conjugate base form but will have equal amounts in both.
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A sample of a compound contains 32.0g C and 8.0g H. It’s molar mass is 30.0/mol. What is the compounds molecular formula?
What are the products of the chemical reaction that occurs when zinc metal is added to an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid?
What is the standard gibbs free energy of formation, ∆gºf, of nh3(g) at 298 k?
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of NH3(g) at 298 K is approximately -16.5 kJ/mol.
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔG°f) for ammonia (NH3(g)) at 298 K is approximately -16.5 kJ/mol. The standard Gibbs free energy of formation for a substance is the change in Gibbs free energy when one mole of the substance is formed from its elements in their standard states. The standard state for nitrogen gas (N2) is N2(g) at 1 bar pressure, and for hydrogen gas (H2) it is H2(g) at 1 bar pressure.
please note that the given value of -16.5 kJ/mol is an approximation, and it is recommended to refer to the latest thermodynamic data sources for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
A mixture of 100 g of k2cr207 and 200 g of water is stirred at 60 °c until no more of the salt dissolves. the resulting solution is poured off, leaving the undissolved solid behind. the solution is now cooled to 20°c. what mass of k2cr207 crystallizes from the solution during the cooling?
No K₂Cr₂O₇ will crystallize out of the solution during cooling.
What is crystallization?Crystallization is a separation technique used to purify a solid substance by selectively dissolving it in a suitable solvent at a high temperature and then cooling the solution to obtain pure crystals of the solute.
Given:
The solubility of K₂Cr₂O₇ in water at 60°C is 127 g/100 mL, and at 20°C is 13.9 g/100 mL.
Dissolved 100 g of K₂Cr₂O₇ in 200 g of water, which is 200 mL of water.
At 60°C, the solution can dissolve 127 g/100 mL × 2 L
= 254 g of K₂Cr₂O₇.
100 g of K₂Cr₂O₇, the solution is saturated and no more of the salt can dissolve.
When the solution is cooled to 20°C, the solubility of K₂Cr₂O₇ is only 13.9 g/100 mL.
The amount of water in the solution at 20°C is 200 mL. The maximum amount of K₂Cr₂O₇ that can remain in solution at this temperature is:
13.9 g/100 mL × 2 L = 278 g
Dissolved 100 g of K₂Cr₂O₇ in the solution, the amount that will crystallize out is:
100 g - 278 g = -178 g
This result is negative, indicating that all the K₂Cr₂O₇ will remain in solution at 20°C.
Therefore, no K₂Cr₂O₇ will crystallize out of the solution during cooling.
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Classify each process as an endothermic or exothermic process. drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. helpreset exothermic breaking solvent-solvent attractionsbreaking solute-solute attractions endothermic forming solute-solvent attractions
Breaking solvent-solvent attractions and breaking solute-solute attractions : endothermic process
Forming solute-solvent attractions : exothermic process
Further explanationIn mixing the two solutions, it will require energy to break the attraction of each solution and create a new attraction that produces energy.
If both are equal then there will be no heat released or received so that the delta H solution is 0, which indicates that the solution is ideal
The ideal solution occurs if the attractive force between the molecules is the same as the attractive force of each solute and solvent
There are 2 kinds of deviations from Raoult's Law,
1. Positive deviation
Occurs if the attractive strength between each mixture forming agent is stronger than the attractive in the mixture
(X-X, Y-Y> X-Y)
This deviation produces a positive enthalpy of solution (ΔH +) which is endothermic
2. Negative deviationOccurs if the attractive force in the mixture is stronger than the attractive force of each substance
(X-Y> X-X, Y-Y)
This deviation produces an enthalpy of a negative value solution (ΔH -) which is exothermic
So that breaking solvent attractions and breaking attraction solutes require energy so it is called an endothermic process
While forming solute-attraction attractions will release heat so-called exothermic process
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What is the electron configuration of a chlorine ion in a compound of BeCl2?
A. [2.8.7]-
B. [2.8.8]-
C. [2.8.8]+
D. 2.8.7
Select all that apply.
Which statements concerning this diagram are correct?
X = -ΔH
X = ΔH
Z = A.E.
Answer:
Correct answer is X = ΔH
Explanation:
Which of the two substances would have the higher boiling point ch4 or c?
What volume of 0.182 m na3po4 solution is necessary to completely react with 90.7 ml of 0.103 m cucl2?
Consider 2NH3(g)+3CuO(s)→N2(g)+3Cu(s)+3H2O(g) 2NH 3 (g)+3CuO(s)→N 2 (g)+3Cu(s)+3H 2 O(g). What volume (in mL) of NH3 NH 3 is required to completely react 45.2 g of CuO at STP? Enter your solution as a numerical value with no units.
How many unpaired electrons are present in a neon atom?
Electrons are a subatomic particle with a negative charge. They are also found present in atoms.
The number of unpaired electrons in a neon atom is zero.
A neon atom is part of the first twenty element and it is the tenth element in the series. Its chemical symbol is represented as Ne, its atomic number is 10 while the atomic mass is approximately 20.
It belongs to period 2 and found in the noble gas group. As the number of protons is the same as the electrons, therefore the number of electrons is 10.
In a neon atom, its electronic configuration is [He] 2S2 2p6. All electrons here are paired (in twos) with none unpaired. Therefore, the number of unpaired electrons in a neon atom is zero.
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A sodium nitrate solution is 21.5% (by mass) of nano3 (molar mass = 85.00 g/mol) and the solution has a density of 1.08 g/ml. calculate the molarity (m) of the solution.
The isotope lithium-7 has a mass of 7.0160 atomic mass units, and the isotope lithium-6 has a mass of 6.0151 atomic mass units. given the information that 92.58 percent of all lithium atoms found in nature are lithium-7 and 7.42 percent are lithium-6, calculate the atomic mass of lithium, li (atomic number 3).
All changes in chemistry are chemical? True or false?
Cabr2 will most likely dissolve in which solvent? 1. bi3 2. h2o 3. br2 4. ccl4 5. c8h18
A solution with a volume of 1.00 l is 0.450 m in ch 3 cooh(aq) and 0.550 m in ch 3 coona(aq). what will the ph be after 0.0800 mol of hcl is added to the solution?
When 5-hydroxypentanal is treated with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, 2-methoxytetrahydropyran is formed. draw the structure of the second intermediate in this reaction?
Why do reactions have activation energies?
Which statement describes a gas condensing into a liquid?
Answer:
The molecules get closer together and move more slowly.
Explanation:
from a gas to a liquid, the atoms or molecules of the substance do not change. Instead, the motion of the atoms or molecules in the substance determines its state of matter.
gas condenses to form a liquid, the molecules get closer together and move more slowly. If the molecules continue to slow down until they move so slowly that they can only vibrate against one another, then the substance becomes a solid.