Why are random-access files preferable to sequential-access files in performance- oriented situations?

Answer:

ln -s /etc /root/Desktop

Explanation:

ln is the command to create links and -s is the flag to create symbolic links between element1 and element2

Example:

ln -s /etc /root/Desktop

Create a symbolic link between folder etc and folder Desktop

Answer:

// here is code in C++.

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// function that return the number of vowels in the input string

int count_vowels()

{

// variable

   string str;

   int v_count=0;

   cout<<"enter the string:";

   // read the string

   cin>>str;

   // fuind the length

   int len=str.length();

   // check for vowel

   for(int x=0;x<len;x++)

   {

       char ch=str[x];

       if(ch=='a'||ch=='e'||ch=='i'||ch=='o'||ch=='u'||ch=='A'||ch=='E'||ch=='I'||ch=='O'|ch=='U')

       {

           v_count++;

       }

   }

   // return the count

   return v_count;

}

// driver function

int main() {

// call the function and print the result

cout<<"number of vowels in string is : "<< count_vowels()<<endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation:

In the function count_vowels(), read a sting and then find its length.Then check each character of the string is vowel or not.If it is vowel then Increment the v_count. After the loop return the count to main function and print it.

Output:

enter the string: welcometoprogramming

number of vowels in string is : 7

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages can be complicated. For example: ERP applications such as SAP, Peoplesoft are fairly wide in scope and quite complicated in terms of implementation. Then there are certain desktop versions of ERP which are not so complicated. There are large number of ERP solutions available from different vendors and their complexity is variable but can be quite complex as well.

Answer: (C) File Output Stream and Data Output Stream

Explanation:

 The File output stream and data output stream classes are basically created to write the data into the binary file. The data output steam class is the output steam used to write various data types in the java in the efficient way.

The file output steam class is basically used to create the text file and store the various type of the data into individual bytes.

The file in the file output steam class basically represent the storage of the various type of the data in the binary file.

Answer:

The correct option is communication diagram

Explanation:

The communication diagram represents the change of values for an item by a system.

A communication diagram is an expansion of the diagram of objects showing the objects together with the texts traveling from one to another. Besides the connections between objects, the communication diagram demonstrates the messages that the objects send to one another.

The correct option is a) communication diagram

Answer:

// here is code in c++.

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// main function

int main()

{

// variables

int y_len,y_wid;

int h_len,h_wid;

// read the length and width of yard

cout<<"Enter the legth of yard:";

cin>>y_len;

cout<<"Enter the width of yard:";

cin>>y_wid;

// read the length and width of house

cout<<"Enter the legth of house:";

cin>>h_len;

cout<<"Enter the width of house:";

cin>>h_wid;

// calculate grass area

int g_area=(y_len*y_wid)-(h_len*h_wid);

// find the time

int t=g_area/2;

// print the time

cout<<"time required to cut the grass is: "<<t<<" seconds."<<endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Read the length and width of the yard. Then read the length and width of house from user.Calculate the area of grass by subtracting the area of house from area of yard.Then divide the area of grass by rate of 2 square feet per second.

Output:

Enter the legth of yard:25

Enter the width of yard:20

Enter the legth of house:15

Enter the width of house:12

time required to cut the grass is: 160 seconds.

Final answer:

To calculate the mowing time, subtract the house's area from the yard's, then divide by the cutting rate of 2 square feet per second. The code provided demonstrates a simple Python function to perform these calculations.

Explanation:

The question requires writing a program to calculate the time needed to cut grass that is left after a house is subtracted from a rectangular yard. The cut rate is two square feet per second. To solve this, you first calculate the total area of the yard and the house, then subtract the house's area from the yard's area to get the grassy area that needs cutting. Finally, you divide this area by the cut-rate to obtain the time required.

Here is a basic program outline in Python:

def calculate_mowing_time(yard_length, yard_width, house_length, house_width):

   yard_area = yard_length * yard_width

   house_area = house_length * house_width

   grass_area = yard_area - house_area

   mowing_time_seconds = grass_area / 2

   return mowing_time_seconds

Call this function with the specific dimensions to get the time required.

Answer:

void printarr(int nums[],int n)

{

   cout<<"{";//printing { before the elements.

   for(int i=0;i<n;i++) // iterating over the array.

   {

       cout<<nums[i];//printing the elements.

       if(i==n-1)//if last element then come out of the loop.

       break;

       cout<<",";//printing the comma.

   }

   cout<<"}"<<endl;//printing } at the end.

}

Output:-

5

1 2 3 4 5

{1,2,3,4,5}

Explanation:

I have created a function printarr of type void which prints the array elements in one line.I have used for loop to iterate over the array elements.Everything else is mentioned in the comments.

Answer: Unauthorized data disclosure is the revealing of the confidential or private data to the unauthorized user. The disclosure of such data can be highly risk because it can lead to the several ways in which information can be misused . This incident can be due to attacking and stealing of data on purpose or by accident.

They purposely disclosure of data can be done through the methods like spoofing, sniffling etc.It is considered as the malicious activity which is a punishable crime if done on purpose.Top avoid such situation the exchange of information should be done carefully and in secure manner.

Answer: (D) Must be downloaded and installed as a separate package.

Explanation:

  The python MySQL (Structured query language) connector library ought to be downloaded and introduced as separate package. It is utilized to interface MySQL database from python.

The MySQL Installer can introduce and deal with numerous, separate MySQL server occurrences on a similar host simultaneously.

MySQL Installer doesn't allow server updates among major and minor form numbers, however permits redesigns inside a discharge arrangement

Answer: Move handle

Explanation: In the field of the database, the unique identifier for an object is created that is known as handle which is for the driving purpose in the database.It is also used for the connection of the database .The object in the database containing data keeps the management of the handle.

It has a handle named move handle ,which is responsible for the movement control of upper left corner in an object.It is in a large in form for the dragging of the object that is selected.

Answer:

The importance of generalization are as follow:

Answer: d) Network

Explanation: IPv4(internet protocol version 4) is the decimal-digit numeric value  for the internet protocol.It helps in the identification of the hosts  through logical addresses. The functioning of  IPv4 helps in the routing of the information over the network.

The network layer contains router that is responsible for the routing of message between the nodes of the path.Router functions with internet protocol.Other options are incorrect because protocol is the set of riles,data link layer works for managing the movement of data and  transport layer monitors the transmission of data.Thus ,correct option is option(d)

Answer: d) B & C

Explanation: Variable substitution is the method through which the command substitution is done for the other form of command and regains its value or meaning.

This value substitution is done with the help of double quotes("...") which are inverted as well when a new form of command is to be introduced and it is   known as back quotes. Other given options are incorrect because it is not determined in single quotes.Thus the correct option is option (d).

Answer: (A) Inside of single quotes

Explanation:

 The variable substitution or we can say that expansion occur inside the single quotes because the generation of the file name typically happened inside the single quotes only.

When we enclosing the character and different types of variable with the single quotes ( ' ) then, it basically represent the actual value of the characters. In this way, the estimation of any factor can't be perused by single statement and a solitary statement can't be utilized inside another single quote statements.

Answer: Code of ethics

Explanation: Code of ethics in professional field or organizational field is referred as the principles that are responsible for the correct conduct of business organization by governing its functioning and decisions.It is a major key of business field as it maintains right practices,handles issues, provides guidance etc.

Other options are incorrect because business ethics cannot be implemented as principle for the governing the organization working and employees. Common good practice and approach is the basic good conduct and approaching but these factors don't govern the business.

Answer: Could be subdivided into smaller and smaller units.

Explanation:

 The continuous data are basically measured in the small units and can be easily subdivided into smaller parts without changing their actual meaning.

The continuous data also contain numeric value and can be divided into smaller and finer meaningful parts.

The continuous data can be measured according to the precision of the system. The size and volume are the example of the continuous data.

Answer: Suboptimization is referred to as a term that has been approved for common policy mistake. It usually refers to the practice of concentrating on a single component of a whole and thus making changes which are intended towards improving that component and also ignoring its effects on other components.

Answer:

The number of presentation groups of 3 students that can be selected from a group of 5 students equals 10.

Explanation:

The number of different presenters equals the no of possible combinations of 3 students from a pool of 5 students.

Thus the number of possible combinations equals

[tex]\binom{5}{3}=\frac{5!}{(5-3)!\times 3!}=10[/tex]

Answer:

The answer is: 100011.001₂.

Explanation:

First, transform to binary the integer part: 35. Divide the number repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to 0:

Now, construct the integer part base 2 representation, by taking the remainders starting from the bottom of the list:

Then, transform to binary the fractional part: 0.125. Multiply it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to 0:

Construct the fractional part base 2 representation by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list.

0.125₁₀ =  0.001₂

Then you have:

35.125₁₀ =  100011.001₂

Answer:

float diameter=2*r; //hold the diameter of a circle

float PI; // float variable named PI.

Explanation:

Here we have declared two variable i.e diameter and PI of type float. The variable diameter will hold the diameter of a circle i.e  2*r  where r is the radius of a circle.

Following are the program in c++

#include <iostream> // header file

using namespace std; // namespace

int main() // main function

{

   float r=9.2; // variable declaration

float diameter=2*r; //hold the diameter of a circle

float PI=3.14; // float variable named PI hold 3.14

cout<<"diameter IS :"<<diameter<<endl<<"PI IS :"<<PI; // display value

  return 0;

}

Output:

diameter IS :18.4

PI IS :3.14

Answer:b) Business sections that most extensively use data mining are manufacturing.

Explanation: Data mining is the digging and extraction of the data from the large data sets or databases.The data is analyzed according to various parameters and categories and then extracting process works. It helps in the businesses for making decision ,efficient working, discovery of data etc.

Data mining is usually done by the clients. It extracts the unnecessary information also to remove it and can be combined with spreadsheets.The only incorrect option is option(B) because data mining is mostly used by end users or data mining experts in the business field.

Answer:

// here is code in C.

#include <stdio.h>

// main function

int main(void) {

 // variable

 long long int n;

printf("Enter the value of N:");

 // read the value of n

scanf("%llu",&n);

 // calculate the sum from 1 to N

long long int sum=n*(n+1)/2;

 // print the sum

printf("\nsum of all number from 1 to %llu is: %llu",n,sum);

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Read the value of n from user.Then find the sum of all number from 1 to N with the formula sum of first N natural number.That is (n*(n+1)/2). This will give the sum from 1 to N.

Output:

Enter the value of N:100

sum of all number from 1 to 100 is: 5050

Enter the value of N:1000000

sum of all number from 1 to 1000000 is: 500000500000

Answer:

 The main purpose of the constructor in the computer science is to initialize the object of the class. The constructor is basically called after the allocation of the memory in the object. When the object is created, the constructor are basically used to initialize as default value.  

Constructor is also known as special type of the member function. The compiler called the constructor whenever the object has been create and the construction has similar name of the given class.

Example:

 Class test() {

   int p, r;   // variable declaration

   public:

           // constructor

           // Assigning value in the constructor

     p=5;

     r=10;

Cout<<" Constructor value\n";

}

Answer:

Corresponding Binary numbers are as following:

A4693FBC=10100100011010010011111110111100.

B697C7A1 = 10110110100101111100011110100001.

Explanation:

A single digit hexadecimal number is a 4 bit binary number.So for each hexadecimal bit we have to find the corresponding 4 bit binary number.

A=1010

4=0100

6=0110

9=1001

3=0011

F=1111

B=1011

C=1100

and write them in the same sequence of their hexadecimal number.

A4693FBC=10100100011010010011111110111100.

B=1011

6=0110

9=1001

7=0111

C=1100

7=0111

A=1010

1=0001

B697C7A1 = 10110110100101111100011110100001.

Answer:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

bool isPrime(int n)

{

   for(int j=2;j<=n-1;j++)  //loop to check prime..

   {

       if(n%j==0)

       return false;

   }

   return true;

}

int main(){

   int n;

   cout<<"Enter the integer"<<endl;//taking input..

   cin>>n;

   if(isPrime(n))//printing the message.

   {

       cout<<"The number you have entered is prime"<<endl;

   }

   else

   {

       cout<<"The number is not prime"<<endl;

   }

return 0;

}

Output:-

Enter the integer

13

The number you have entered is prime

Explanation:

The above written program is in C++.I have created a function called isPrime with an argument n.I have used a for loop to check if the number is prime or not.In the main function I have called the function isPrime for checking the number is prime or not.

A Boolean function called isPrime checks whether an integer is a prime number and is implemented in a Python program that prompts the user for a number and displays a corresponding message. The function returns True for prime numbers and False otherwise.

To design a Boolean function called isPrime, which checks whether a given integer is a prime number, you need to ensure that the function meets certain criteria. A prime number is an integer greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. The isPrime function should return True if the number is prime and False otherwise. Here is a simple implementation in Python:

To incorporate this function into a program that prompts the user for a number and displays whether it is prime, you could use:

Note that the above program uses a simple loop to check all possible divisors up until the square root of the number, since a larger divisor would necessarily mean a smaller dividend that would have already been checked.

Answer: The benefits provided by object-oriented approach for the development of the operating system are as follows:-

Answer: Memory hierarchy is the hierarchy that is created on the basis of the response time of different memories. The performance obtained by the memory helps in creating a computer storage space in distinguished form. The factors considered for the creating of the hierarchy structure are usually response time, storage capacity, complexity etc.

Usage of different kind of memories take place due to different kind of requirements from the system which cannot be fulfilled using one memory device.The requirement is based on saving time, decreasing complexity , improving performance etc.Example of requirements can be like some functions and files do not require much space , some might require quick accessing,etc.

Thus hierarchy of any particular system is in the form of fast to slow order from registers,cache memory, Random access memory(RAM) and secondary memory.

Answer:

Obfuscation

Explanation:

The fact that the analyst can open the Javascript code means that the code is not encrypted. It simply means that the data the analyst is dealing with here is hidden or scrambled to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. This technique is known as Data Obfuscation and is a form of encryption that results in confusing data. Obfuscation hides the meaning by rearranging the operations of some software. As a result, this technique forces the attacker to spend more time investigating the code and looking for encrypted parts.

Answer:

  The javadoc is the type of the tool which accompanies JDK and it is utilized for producing code of the java documentation in the  HTML design from the source code of the java, that basically required documentation in the predefined code format.

Most of the software development company does not use javdoc because the files of the javadoc are light in weight and it can be easily traceable by using the different types of the tools.

In case of the Public javadoc, while make changing in the API system the javadoc an easily be tracked.

Answer:

// here is code in java.

import java.util.*;

// class defintion

class Main

{

// main method of the class

public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception

{

   try{

    // scanner object to read input string

       Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);

        // variables

   double amount;

   int ch;

   double bef_tax, aft_tax;

   System.out.print("Please enter the jackpot amount:");

   // read the amount from user

   amount=s.nextDouble();

   System.out.print("enter Payment choice (1 for cash, 2 for installments): ");

   // read the choice

   ch=s.nextInt();

// if choice is cash then calculate amount before and after the tax

   if(ch==1)

   {

       bef_tax=amount*.65;

       aft_tax=(amount*.70)*.65;

       System.out.println("instantly received amount before tax : "+bef_tax);

       System.out.println("instantly received amount after tax : "+aft_tax);

   }

// if choice is installment then calculate amount before and after the tax

   else if(ch==2)

   {

       bef_tax=amount/20;

       aft_tax=(amount*.70)/20;

       System.out.println("installment amount before tax :  "+bef_tax);

       System.out.println("installment amount after tax : "+aft_tax);

   }

   }catch(Exception ex){

       return;}

}

}

Explanation:

Read the jackpot amount from user.Next read the choice of Payment from user. If user's choice is cash then calculate 65% instantly amount received by user before and after the 30% tax.Print both the amount.Similarly if user's choice is installments then find 20 installments before and after 30% tax.Print the amount before and after the tax.

Output:

Please enter the jackpot amount:200                                                                                                                          

enter Payment choice (1 for cash, 2 for installments): 2                                                                                                      

installment amount before tax :  10.0                                                                                                                        

installment amount after tax : 7.0