Answer:
Explanation:
During exercise, the rate of breathing increases in order to fulfill the needs of oxygen required by the body for the release pf energy required. The body activity and muscles are in movement and required more energy than at rest. The absorbance of oxygen in to the blood increases which will increase the heart beat and also carbon dioxide starts removing from the blood. the lungs must provide more oxygen to the blood during the exercise.
so as the activity level increases, the demand for oxygen increase which will increase the breathing to take in more oxygen from outside in to lungs so that the lungs pump more oxygen to the hearth which will deliver to the muscles for activity.
Pulse and breathing rates increase during exercise to meet the higher oxygen demands of the muscles and repay the oxygen debt incurred. This heightened respiratory activity is due to several neural and chemical factors, including the immediate neural response to exercise and the need to restore cellular ATP. Breathing remains elevated post-exercise until the body's oxygen levels are normalized.
Explanation:During exercise, the body's demand for oxygen increases to support the intensified activity of the muscles. This increased demand leads to an oxygen debt, a condition where the body needs more oxygen than what has been supplied during the exercise. To meet this demand and repay the oxygen debt, there is a rise in pulse and breathing rate.
The increased breathing rate or hyperpnea, which includes both an increased rate and depth of breathing, ensures that more oxygen is taken into the lungs and transported to the muscles, while more carbon dioxide is expelled. This response is driven by several factors, including the body's immediate neural responses to exercise involving psychological stimuli, activation of motor neurons, and stimulation of proprioceptors, as well as the need to restore ATP and creatine phosphate levels, convert lactic acid to pyruvic acid, and maintain appropriate blood pH levels.
Please sort each of the following statements as being either an external or internal factor that affects the growth of microorganisms in food. Please recall from your reading the causes of food spoilage and how it can be prevented. ResetHelp
Answer:
External factors can be described as factors which give rise to a situation from outside. Internal factors bring a change or give rise to a situation from internal conditions.
External Factors:
Temperature of food storage during processing.
Humidity of the storage environment
Presence of gases, such as CO2, during packaging
Preservatives, such as salt and sugar
Handling of food by manufacturers
Internal Factors:
pH of the food
Presence of antimicrobial compounds
Nutrient content (Such as vitamins and minerals)
Moisture content or water activity
Protective structure of food, such as feathers, hide and skin
James is 6 feet tall. Leroy is 5 feet 2 inches tall. There are surely many individual differences between James and Leroy, but sociological research predicts that based on height alone, James is likely to have:
Answer:
better health
Explanation:
According to sociological research, it has been suggested that physical factor, such as height, can influence the movement of an individual between social strata or classes of a society. The upward social movement of an individual as influenced by a tall height is said to present an opportunity for the individual to be exposed to a better life and status in the society, which would have a beneficial impact on the overall health of the individual.
Based on height alone, James is likely to have a better health as a result of improved better social status as he is favored to move up the social ladder of the society according to sociological research.
Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (J. monosperma) have overlapping ranges. Pollen grains (which contain sperm cells) from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules (which contain egg cells) of the other species These two juniper species are kept separate by:______
a. temporal isolation
b. habitat isolation
c. behavioral isolation
d. gametic isolation
Final answer:
Rocky Mountain juniper and one-seeded juniper are kept separate by gametic isolation, preventing their pollen and ovules from successfully interacting and fertilizing.
Explanation:
The Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (J. monosperma) are kept separate by a process known as gametic isolation. This type of reproductive isolation occurs when pollen grains from one species (which contain the sperm cells) are not able to germinate and create pollen tubes on the female ovules (which contain the egg cells) of another species. Since these two juniper species have pollen and ovules that do not interact successfully to allow fertilization, they are unable to produce viable offspring together. This mechanism prevents the gene pools of the two species from mixing, thereby maintaining them as separate species despite their overlapping ranges.
The ________ is the space between the dura mater and the bone of the vertebra.
Answer:
the space between the dura mater and the bone of the vertebra is the Epidural
The epidural space is the space between the dura mater and the bone of the vertebra.
What is dura matter?It is one of the tissue that forms meninges in brain.Meninges consists of: outer thick and dense membrane; dura matter, middle fluid filled structure that cushions the brain; arachnoid and inner thin and delicate; pia matter.What is epidural space?It is a space between the dura matter and vertebral wall.It contains fat and blood vessels.It is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Hence, the correct answer is: epidural space.
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Which component is a protein fiber of the extracellular matrix?
Answer:
Protein collagen
Explanation:
Protein collagen is made up of a matrix of carbohydrate and proteins which comprises protein collagen as a major component of extracellular matrix. Protein collagen assembles itself into long fibrils known as collagen fibril which is very essential for providing strength and structural integrity to the tissue. Collagen fibers are woven with proteoglycans which is further connected to the long polysaccharide backbone. The matrix also comprises of some protein connectors such as integrins, fibronectin molecules etc. which establish connection among themselves or the other elements of the matrix
When working with radioactive materials you must use radiation detection instruments. Which of the following instruments requires you test three times the background of the work area?
a. Geiger-Muller tube
b. Liquid Scintillation Center
c. Both A & B
d. Neither A & B
Geiger-Muller tube is instruments requires you test three times the background of the work area.
Explanation:
These detectors are gas filled detectors and hence requires time for responding to the value. This time is taken because during this period it collects the electric charges and features of the electric circuit. It also gets stabilized during this period. This device has thumb rule i.e one must wait or hold for at the least 3 times the time constant before getting the precise and accurate reading. The time constant order is 10 seconds for the ionization chamber but for the Geiger counter it can vary from seconds to greater than 20 seconds
Kathy downloaded a few photos of local organic farms from Flickr's Creative Commons (CC) pool. She follows the rules of the photographer's specific CC license and uses them in her digital video about sustainable agriculture. That's OK.True / False.
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
As Kathy downloaded the photos from the Creative Common of Flickr and is following the rules of the photographer's specific CC license, she can use the photos for her digital video about sustainable agriculture. If she was not following the photographer's rules, she could have legal problems.
Within a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine, and cytosine forms hydrogen bonds with guanine. What is the significance of the structural arrangement?
Answer:
The correct answer will be- this base pairing allows the complementation like lock and key
Explanation:
In DNA, the nitrogenous bases on one strand pairs with the nitrogenous bases on another strand.
Experiments of Erwin Chargaff showed that purine bind pyrimidines where the adenine binds thymine and guanine bind cytosine via double and triple hydrogen bonds respectively.
This hydrogen bonding between the purines and pyrimidines provides structural stability as it is based on the complementation. This complementary base pairing allows the two strands to fit like a key and a lock.
Thus, this base pairing allows the complementation like lock and key is the correct answer.
A nurse teaches a client about the side effects and precautions associated with the antipsychotic haloperidol. The nurse concludes that the teaching has been understood when the client makes which statement?
A. "I'll call my primary healthcare provider right away if I have any diarrhea or vomiting."
B. "I won't eat anything containing tyramine while I'm taking this drug."
C. "I'll avoid direct sunlight and make sure to use sunscreen when I go outside."
D. "I'll be sure to drink enough fluids, because the drug may make me urinate more than usual."
Answer: I think A. "I'll call my primary healthcare provider right away if I have any diarrhea or vomiting." is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Four different phylogenetic trees of a group of salamanders have been proposed. Trees A and B each require 12 homoplasies, but tree A requires 14 synapomorphies and tree B requires 13 synapomorphies. Tree C requires 15 homoplasies and 13 synapomorphies. Finally, tree D requires 10 homoplasies and 15 synapomorphies. According to the principle of parsimony, which tree(s) is/are the most accurate? A) Tree A only B) Tree B only C) Tree C only D) Tree D only E) Both tree A and tree B
Answer:
The answer is letter D.
Explanation:
Tree D only . It is the only tree that is the most accurate.
Oxaloacetate uniformly labeled with 14C (i.e., with equal amounts of 14C in each of its carbon atoms) is condensed with unlabeled acetyl-CoA. After a single pass through the citric acid cycle back to oxaloacetate, what fraction of the original radioactivity will be found in the oxaloacetate?
Answer:
1/2
Explanation:
Huong has moved from China to the United States. While she dresses and acts like her American friends, she still has retained much of her cultural heritage and attends traditional Chinese dance classes on the weekends. This is an example of ___________.a. assimilation.
b. integration.
c. separation.
d. marginalization.
Answer:
b. Integration.
Explanation:
Huong acting and dressing as her American friends and attending traditional Chinese dance classes on the weekends is an example of integration because she is incorporating things from two different cultures to her life and living with them in harmony.
Channel proteins are selective. Each channel protein has a structure that permits only a particular type of ion or small molecule to pass through it. To what does the term gated channel refer?
Answer & explanation:
Channel proteins are specific types of proteins that have aqueous channels along their molecules and are associated with substance transport.
These proteins act passively because they are part of the passive transport of cells, since there is no energy expenditure to internalize the substances, they enter the protein channels requiring a favorable concentration gradient for this process to occur.
Channel proteins may have gated or non-gated channels.
Non-gated channels spend most of their time open allowing ions to move with no restrictions; Gated channels allow regulation of the movement of molecules between the fluid intracellular and extracellular. These channels remain closed until they receive a specific chemical or electrical signal.Bettina describes herself as a lesbian and is in a long-term relationship with another woman, whom she recently married. The best biological explanation for Bettina's sexual orientation is that there (select one):
a. was greater exposure to androgens while she was in the womb.
b. was an insufficient level of estrogen released during puberty.
c. is an extra Y sex chromosome in her DNA.
d. is inadequate functioning of her ovaries.
Answer:
Was greater exposure to androgens while she was in the womb.
Option: (b)
Explanation:
The greater exposure to testosterone hormone causes to develop the women into the masculine characters. In case of Bettina, as she is attracted towards to women this shows her greater exposure to androgen while she was in the womb. The high testosterone hormone may also cause the development of facial hairs, man characteristics nature and turns girls into lesbian by the emotional attachment towards the girls.In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located?
Answer: The superior saggital sinus is located in the falx cerebri.
Explanation:
The superior sagittal sinus also called superior longitudinal Linus is found in the human head, it is an unpaired area located in the falx cerebri. It drain blood from the lateral region of anterior cerebral hemispheres to the confluence of the sinuses.
How should you mark a blood trail when you are tracking a wounded animal? carve notches into trees break limbs on brush as you pass by use fluorescent orange flagging drop food crumbs on the ground
Answer:
The answer is mark the blood trail with blaze orange flagging tape.
Explanation.
You should mark the blood trail with blaze orange flagging tape. Because that is the fundamentals of firearm safetly.
It has been hypothesized that fungi and plants have a mutualistic relationship because plants make sugars available for the fungi's use. What is the best evidence in support of this hypothesis?
Answer: Mycorrhizae
Explanation:
Mycorrhizae is a mutualistic symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and and the root of vascular plants.
The Mycorrhizae relationship that exist between fungi and root of plants, show how fungi colonize the root system of a their host plant, they make use of their extensive network of hyphae and large surface area which is in contact with the soil to channel water and minerals from the soil into the plant, thereby increasing nutrients absorption in plants.
The plant in return provide food in form of carbohydrates formed from photosynthesis to the fungi
We know a lot more about animals and plants than Darwin did, and still, not a single case is known to me of a complex organ that could not have been formed by numerous successive, slight modifications. I do not believe that such a case will ever be found. If it is I shall cease to believe in Darwinism.
A) True
B) False
The given statement is True.
Explanation:
The Charles Darwin developed the theory called Darwinism theory of evolution. The theory states that all the species of the organisms arises and developed through the small, inherited variations in the organisms that increase the individual ability to complete the survive and reproduce.
The individual species are not having identical traits that are passed from the generation to generation. The offspring are born that can survive, only the survive of the completion for resources will reproduce; he describes how the species can change in shape and character through the selective breeding.
Mendel's law of segregation allows one to predict what can happen in a genetic cross. A Punnett square can be used to make this prediction. Look at the Punnett square below.
The use of Punnett square in Mendel’s law helps in predicting the phenotype and genotypes from genetic crosses of offspring.
Explanation:
The study of trait inheritance in pea plants is performed by Gregor Mendel. He developed a model of pair of genes that specify the traits. There are different alleles of genes in a population of living organisms. His law of segregation states that one of the two copies of gene that is present in a specific organism gets distributed to gametes produced by it.
The F2 generation of gene is represented by Punnett model and by counting the squares of this model the genotype and the phenotype ratio can be predicted.
Diphtheria is caused by bacteria that have been infected by a bacteriophage. This bacteriophage is a lysogenic phage and contains the genes to produce the diphtheria toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis. Which of the following is the correct term for the phage while its genetic material is integrated into the bacterial chromosome?
a. The genetic material is called a viroid
b. The genetic material is called a prophage and the change in the host cell's properties is called lysogenic conversion
c. The genetic material is called a transposon and the change in the host cell's properties is called competence
d. The genetic material is called a prion
Answer:
The correct answer is b) The genetic material is called a prophage and the change in the host cell's properties is called lysogenic conversion
Explanation:
The term prophage is used to describe the genetic material of a bacteriophage which has been incorporated in the genome of infected bacteria. The resulting changes within the host´s properties are called lysogenic conversion. At this state the bacterial cell is still intact.
When first used in medicine in the 1940s, penicillin was uniformly effective in killing the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Today, ____________________ has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant alleles, and humans are increasingly at risk from untreatable Staphylococcus aureus infections
Answer:
The correct answer is "natural selection in Staphylococcus aureus populations".
Explanation:
Natural selection is a process at which populations of organisms develop advantageous traits under the premise of survival of the fittest. In this case, the continuous exposure to penicillin and other antibiotics since 1940s have a natural selection effect in Staphylococcus aureus populations, allowing an increase in antibiotic-resistant alleles in the bacteria, which acts as an advantageous trait for them. Antibiotic resistance is a serious medical concern that has been addressed by a culture of responsible use of antibiotics and development of novel treatments for infections.
Diploid means a cell contains ?. Haploid means a cell contains ?. The gametophyte generation is known as the ? generation and produces sperm and egg cells for the purpose of reproduction. The sporophyte generation is known as the generation and produces spores for the purpose of reproduction.
Answer:
Two sets of chromosomes
One set of chromosomes
Haploid
Diploid
Explanation:
Diploid cell is a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, each coming from both parents. e.g. a human cell, excluding sex cells, contains 46 chromosomes, each parent contributing 23 each
Haploid cells are cells containing one complete set of chromosomes i.e a single set of unpaired chromosomes. e.g gametes or sex cells that contain 23 chromosomes
Plants alternate between a life cycle in which they have one set of chromosome in their cell and two sets of chromosomes in their cell.
The gametophyte is the haploid plant form of an organism which produces the haploid reproductive gametes e.g. sperms and eggs. The gametophyte is developed by the spores, which is produced by the sporophyte. The haploid sperm fertilizes the haploid egg to form a diploid zygote, which gradually develops into the diploid sporophyte.
The sporophyte is a diploid multicellular generation found in plants and algae that produce haploid spores. These haploid spores are produced when the sporophyte organism undergoes meiotic (reduction) division. The spores then undergo mitosis or growth, without changing the number of chromosomes, to become a haploid multicellular gametophyte.
The gametophyte produces gametes and the cycle starts again. This process is referred to as ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS.
Answer:
1.Two sets of chromosomes
2.One set of chromosomes
3.Haploid
4.Diploid
Explanation:
Name two pathogenic bacteria from each of the oxygen requirement groupings, their gram stain reaction and the diseases they cause
Which way does the coriolis effect deflect wind in the northern hemisphere
Answer:
Towards the right
Explanation:
The Coriolis force is usually defined as the force that acts on the global wind and ocean currents and allows them to move in a clockwise and anticlockwise manner, in the northern and southern hemispheres respectively. This force occurs due to the rotation of the earth.
The strength of this Coriolis force gradually increases with the increasing latitudes and also increases with the gradually decreasing speed of the earth's rotation. So, the value of this force is observed to be highest at the poles and is absent at the equator.
Thus, in the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis force deflects the wind to the right side.
Besides producing sugar for itself, a plant also needs to absorb nitrogen to build proteins, salts to make concentration gradients, and: a) potassium to make enzymes. b) starch to power the cells. c) chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis. d) phosphorus to make ATP. e) pyruvate for fermentation.
A plant absorbs phosphorus to make ATP, an energy-carrying molecule, which is crucial for various metabolic processes within the plant. Phosphorus is not only necessary for ATP synthesis but also for nucleic acids and other cellular constituents. While other elements are also absorbed, phosphorus is specifically related to ATP production.
The correct option is 'D'.
Besides producing sugar for itself, a plant also needs to absorb nitrogen to build proteins, salts to make concentration gradients, and the correct option is d) phosphorus to make ATP.
While potassium is indeed necessary for enzyme function, and chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis, it is phosphorus that is a critical component for the creation of ATP, which provides energy for a plant's metabolic processes.
Starch, on the other hand, is a stored form of glucose that provides energy for the plant especially during germination but is not absorbed from the environment. Pyruvate is a product of glycolysis and is used in fermentation; however, it is also not absorbed from the soil.
Photosynthesis is an essential process where plants manufacture their own food using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight. The glucose produced during this process is used for immediate energy needs or stored as starch for later use. Elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are absorbed from the soil and are vital for various plant functions, including the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP.
Chromatids are separated from each other during which processes?
Answer: Chromatids separate from each other during mitosis and meiosis processes and the process is called chromatids segregation.
Explanation:
Chromatids segregation occur majorly in eukaryotes and it is the process whereby two sister chromatids produced as a result of DNA replication separate from each other and move to the opposite poles of the nucleus. This process occur both in mitosis and meiosis. Segregation occurs continually as replication occurs compare to in prokaryotes.
During cell division, chromatids are separated from each other in the stage called anaphase.
Explanation:During the process of cell division, chromatids are separated from each other in a stage called anaphase. Anaphase is a crucial step in both mitosis and meiosis, where the sister chromatids, which form a duplicated chromosome, are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell by spindle fibers. This separation creates two identical daughter chromosomes that will eventually be divided into separate cells.
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Identify the mechanism through which lithium decreases nerve conduction.
Lithium blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin back into the neuronal nerve endings.
Lithium interferes with nerve conduction, resulting in a decrease in the excitability of nerve tissue.
Lithium stimulates norepinephrine and dopamine receptors, which stimulate the release of norepinephrine and dopamine from nerve endings.
None of the above are true.
Answer:
Lithium interferes with nerve conduction, resulting in a decrease in the excitability of nerve tissue.
In humans, red-green color blindness is determined by an X-linked recessive allele (a), whereas eye color is determined by an autosomal gene, where brown (B) is dominant over blue (b). a. What gametes can be formed with respect to these genes by a heterozygous, brown-eyed, color-blind male? b. If a blue-eyed mother with normal vision has a brown-eyed, color-blind son and a blue- eyed, color-blind daughter, what are the genotypes of both parents and children? If the dominant allele A is negeceary fos oarino.
Answer:
1. XaY,BB and XaY,Bb
2. Father: XaY,Bb
Mother: XAXa,bb
Son: XaY,Bb
Daughter: XaXa,bb
Explanation:
1. Gender: Male --> XY, Color-blind male: XaY, Brown-eyed: BB or Bb. Combine the aforementioned, the gametes can be formed with respect to these genes by a heterozygous, brown-eyed, color-blind male are: XaY,BB and XaY,Bb
2. MOTHER: Blue-eyed female with normal vision : XAXA,bb or XAXa,bb
SON: brown-eyed male, color-blind: XaY,BB or XaY,Bb
DAUGHTER: blue- eyed female, color-blind: XaXa,bb
From the genotype of the son, we can assume that the father must has brown eyes: BB or Bb. Besides, the daughter has blue eyes. Thus, the daughter received the autosomal gene "b" from her parents. At the conclusion, the father eyes color genes is Bb. We can assume that Father genre can be XAY,Bb or XaY,Bb.
Both of son and daughter are color-blind. Thus, Mother genotypes should have Xa. Finally, Mother Genotypes is: XAXa,bb.
Because both children are color-blind, the father genre is: XaY,Bb, brown eyes and color-blind male
Mother (XAXa,bb) × Father (XaY,Bb)
Son 1: (XAY,Bb) clear vision and brown eyesSon 2: (XAY,bb) clear vision and blue eyesSon 3: (XaY,Bb) color blindness and brown eyesSon 4: (XaY,bb) color blindness and blue eyesDaughter 1: (XAXa,Bb) clear vision and brown eyesDaughter 2: (XAXa,bb) clear vision and blue eyes Daughter 3: (XaXa,Bb) color blindness and brown eyesDaughter 4: (XaXa,bb) color blindness and blue eyesFinal answer:
A heterozygous, brown-eyed, color-blind male can produce gametes with two possible combinations: XaB and XaB. If a blue-eyed mother with normal vision has a brown-eyed, color-blind son and a blue-eyed, color-blind daughter, the mother must be a carrier for color blindness, and the son and daughter inherited the recessive colorblind allele from their parents.
Explanation:
In humans, red-green color blindness is determined by an X-linked recessive allele (a), whereas eye color is determined by an autosomal gene. A heterozygous, brown-eyed, color-blind male can produce gametes with two possible combinations: XaB and XaB. The XaB gamete is color-blind and has brown eye color, while the XaB gamete is color-blind and has blue eye color.
If a blue-eyed mother with normal vision has a brown-eyed, color-blind son and a blue-eyed, color-blind daughter, the genotypes of both parents and children can be deduced. The mother must be a carrier for color blindness, with the genotype XaX. The son inherited the X chromosome with the recessive colorblind allele (Xa) from the mother, and the daughter inherited the X chromosome with the recessive colorblind allele (Xa) from the father.
The bases from DNA isolated from a newly discovered single-stranded virus are found to be 16 percent A, 34 percent C, 34 percent G, and 16 percent T. During replication, this DNA forms a complementary strand. The bases of the complementary DNA would be ___ percent A, ___ percent C, ___ percent G, and ___ percent T.
Answer:16% A, 34% C, 34% G and 16% T
Explanation:
During complimentary strand formation the base Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) and base Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G) , as the percentage of the base pairs in a strand is same so the percentage of the complimentary strands of the DNA would be same.
Furosemide is a loop diuretic drug that inhibits the pump responsible for active reabsorption of Na and Cl in the nephron loop. Predict the effect of furosemide on the quantity of urine produced.
Choose the best answer.
a.There will be no urine produced.
b.There will be a small amount of urine produced.
c.There will be a large amount of urine produced.
d.There will be no change in the amount of urine produced.
Final answer:
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in the nephron loop, leading to a decrease in water reabsorption and thus a larger amount of urine produced.
Explanation:
The drug in question, furosemide, is a loop diuretic that targets the nephron, specifically the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, which is crucial for the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions. This reabsorption is important for the concentration of urine, as it allows for water to be reabsorbed in subsequent parts of the nephron. When furosemide inhibits this process, it prevents Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, which in turn leads to less water being reabsorbed. This results in more water remaining in the urinary system, thus increasing the volume of urine produced. Therefore, the predicted effect of furosemide on the quantity of urine produced is that there will be a large amount of urine produced.