Energy cannot be created nor be destroyed. But it can change from on from one form to the other. The total energy in a system always remains a constant.
What is conservation of energy?
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. Therefore, the total energy of a system remains constant.
However, one form of energy can be converted to other form. There are different kinds of energy generating from different sources. Kinetic energy, potential energy, nuclear energy, gravitational energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, light energy etc. are different forms of energy.
In battery or cell the chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. Similarly in a solar cell light energy is converted to electrical energy. Whereas, in all electrical devices such as fan, motors, etc electrical energy is converted to the mechanical energy.
In this way the total energy of the system is always maintained on itself without any loss or gain in amount. Therefore, the total amount of energy before and after any energy transformations remain the same to balance the system.
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What is the magnitude of the electric force on an electron in a uniform electric field of strength 2050 n/c that points due east?
How many neutrons does element X have if its atomic number is 36 and its mass number is 74?
Vast, circular to elliptical dark-colored, smooth areas of the moon are known as ________.
Which correctly lists the outer planets from the least number of moons to the greatest number of moons?
a)Neptune, Uranus, Jupiter, Saturn
b)Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune
c)Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn
d)Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter, Saturn
Suppose a star the size of our Sun, but of mass 8.0 times as great, were rotating at a speed of 1.0 revolution every 12 days. If it were to undergo gravitational collapse to a neutron star of radius 12 km, losing 3/4 of its mass in the process, what would its rotation speed be? Assume the star is a uniform sphere at all times.
(a) Assume that the thrown-off mass carries off no angular momentum, in rev/s
(b) Assume that the thrown-off mass carries off its proportional share (3/4) of the initial angular momentum, in rev/s
(a) The final angular velocity [tex](\(\omega_2\))[/tex] of the neutron star is approximately [tex]\(1.42 \times 10^{-5}\)[/tex] rad/s.
(b) The final angular velocity [tex](\(\omega_2'\))[/tex] of the neutron star is approximately [tex]\(3.54 \times 10^{-6}\)[/tex] rad/s.
**(a) Assume that the thrown-off mass carries off no angular momentum:**
1. Calculate the initial moment of inertia [tex](\(I_1\)):[/tex]
[tex]\[I_1 = \frac{2}{5} \cdot (8 \cdot \text{mass of the Sun}) \cdot (\text{radius of the Sun})^2\][/tex]
The mass of the Sun is approximately [tex]\(2 \times 10^{30}\)[/tex] kg, and the radius of the Sun is approximately 6.96 x [tex]10^8[/tex] meters. Calculate [tex]\(I_1\): \[I_1 = \frac{2}{5} \cdot (8 \times 2 \times 10^{30} \text{ kg}) \cdot (6.96 \times 10^8 \text{ m})^2\][/tex]
This gives [tex]\(I_1 \approx 3.06 \times 10^{40}\) kg m^2.[/tex]
2. Calculate the initial angular velocity [tex](\(\omega_1\)):[/tex]
The rotation period is 12 days, which is equivalent to [tex]\(12 \times 24 \times 60 \times 60\)[/tex] seconds. Calculate
[tex]\(\omega_1\): \[\omega_1 = \frac{2\pi}{12 \times 24 \times 60 \times 60} \text{ rad/s}\][/tex]
This gives [tex]\(\omega_1 \approx 1.99 \times 10^{-7}\) rad/s.[/tex]
3. Calculate the initial angular momentum [tex](\(L_1\)): \[L_1 = I_1 \cdot \omega_1 = (3.06 \times 10^{40}\, \text{kg·m²}) \cdot (1.99 \times 10^{-7}\, \text{rad/s})\][/tex]
This gives [tex]\(L_1 \approx 6.11 \times 10^{33}\) kg m^2/s.[/tex]
4. Calculate the final moment of inertia [tex](\(I_2\)):[/tex]
The final radius of the neutron star is 12 km, which is equivalent to 12,000 meters. Calculate [tex]\(I_2\):[/tex]
[tex]\[I_2 = \frac{2}{5} \cdot (3/4 \cdot \text{mass of the Sun}) \cdot (12,000 \text{ m})^2\] \[I_2 = \frac{2}{5} \cdot (3/4 \cdot 2 \times 10^{30}\, \text{kg}) \cdot (12,000\, \text{m})^2\][/tex]
This gives [tex]\(I_2 \approx 4.32 \times 10^{38}\)[/tex] kg·m².
5. Use the conservation of angular momentum [tex](\(L_1 = L_2\))[/tex] to find the final angular momentum [tex](\(L_2\)): \[L_2 = L_1 = 6.11 \times 10^{33}\, \text{kg·m²/s}\][/tex]
6. Calculate the final angular velocity [tex](\(\omega_2\))[/tex] of the neutron star:
[tex]\[\omega_2 = \frac{L_2}{I_2} = \frac{6.11 \times 10^{33}\, \text{kg·m²/s}}{4.32 \times 10^{38}\, \text{kg·m²}}\][/tex]
This gives [tex]\(\omega_2 \approx 1.42 \times 10^{-5}\)[/tex] rad/s.
**(b) Assume that the thrown-off mass carries off its proportional share (3/4) of the initial angular momentum:**
1. Calculate the final angular momentum [tex](\(L_2'\))[/tex] considering that 3/4 of the initial angular momentum is carried away by the mass that is thrown off during the collapse:
[tex]\[L_2' = (1 - \frac{3}{4}) \cdot L_1 = (1 - 0.75) \cdot 6.11 \times 10^{33}\, \text{kg·m²/s}\][/tex]
This gives [tex]\(L_2' \approx 1.53 \times 10^{33}\, \text{kg·m²/s}\).[/tex]
2. Calculate the final angular velocity [tex](\(\omega_2'\))[/tex] of the neutron star:
[tex]\[\omega_2' = \frac{L_2'}{I_2} = \frac{1.53 \times 10^{33}\, \text{kg·m²/s}}{4.32 \times 10^{38}\, \text{kg·m²}}\][/tex]
This gives [tex]\(\omega_2' \approx 3.54 \times 10^{-6}\)[/tex] rad/s.
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2. Lower latitudes tend to have __________. (Points : 1)
lower average temperatures than higher latitudes
the same temperatures as higher latitudes
higher average temperatures than higher latitudes
you can't compare temperatures without including pressure data
Answer:
Higher average temperatures then higher latitudes. I TOOK THE TEST!
Explanation:
What will happen if you rub two different materials together?
When an object is moving with uniform circular motion, the centropetal acceleration of the object?
Answer:
The correct answer is "is directed toward the center of motion".
Explanation:
When an object moves in a uniform circular motion, the centrifugal acceleration of the object is directed toward the center of the motion. This acceleration is the only acceleration of the object experiences when it has constant velocity on a circular path. This causes the body to be attracted to the center of the trajectory by a centripetal force that prevents the body from entering a rectilinear trajectory.
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which group in the periodic table is known as salt farmers?
carbon family
copper family
helium family
halogen family
The group in the periodic table known as salt farmers is the halogen family, which consists of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
The group in the periodic table known as salt farmers is the halogen family. The term 'halogen' comes from Greek roots meaning 'salt forming.' This group consists of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, which are all found in Group 17 of the periodic table. They react readily with metals to form salts, such as sodium chloride (table salt) and calcium chloride (road salt).
Halogens are known for forming compounds with metals to create salts.These elements are very reactive and can be found in Group 17.Examples of halogen compounds include sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂).In contrast, the carbon family (Group 14), the copper family (transition elements), and the helium family (noble gases) do not have these properties.
Which of the following is true of energy? A. Energy can be created. B. Energy can be destroyed. C. Energy is constantly increasing. D. Energy is conserved.
If an element has 10 electrons, how many of them will be in the 2nd energy level?
Answer:
If an element has 10 electrons, 8 of them will be in the second energy level.
Explanation:
There are 7 energy levels, numbered from 1 to 7, and in which electrons are distributed, logically in order according to their energy level.
Each level is divided into sub-levels. These sub-levels into which each level is divided can be up to 4, which are called: s, p, d, f. In the sub-level s there can only be a maximum of 2 electrons, in p there can be a maximum of 6 electrons, in the sub-level d 10 electrons and finally in the sub-level f there can be a maximum of 14 electrons.
In level 1 there is only one sub-level, which will be the s. In level 2 there are 2 sub-levels, the s and the p. At level 3 there are 3 sub-levels s, p and d. And at level 4 there are 4 sub-levels, the s, the p, the d and the f.
Then, in level 1 there is only a maximum two electrons. In level 2 there are a maximum of 8 electrons. At level 3 there are a maximum of 18 electrons. And at level 4 there are a maximum of 32 electrons.
The filling of the orbitals occurs in increasing order of energy, that is, from the orbitals of lower energy to those of higher energy.
So, considering that at level 1 there can only be two electrons and that it is the lowest energy level, 2 of the 10 electrons that the element has will be located at that level. So 8 electrons remain to be located.
The next level to fill with electrons is 2. As this level can enter a maximum of 8 electrons, the electrons that remained to be located in level 1 will be located in level 2.
If an element has 10 electrons, 8 of them will be in the second energy level.
From the graph find the cars speed 5 seconds into the journey
Starting the moon's cycle with the new moon phase, what phase will it be in after about a week?
How are ocean ridges formed
Describe where to look on the Periodic Table to find elements which have similar reactivity and other properties. Give an example of three elements that have those similarities.
Four wires meet at a junction. it is assumed that two currents, i1 and i4, enter the node. an ammeter records a value of +4a for i1. currents i2 and i3 are travelling out of the node. i2 has 3a running through it, and i3 has 0.5 a running through it. what is the current in i4?
What voltage would be measured across the 45 ohm resistor?
Answer:
C) 9.0 volts
Explanation:
The force due to gravity between two objects can be described using the equation fg = g m1 m2 / d2. according to this equation, if the distance between two objects increases, what happens to the gravitational force between them?
Increasing the distance between two objects decreases the gravitational force between them because the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
According to the equation fg = G m1 m2 / d2, when examining the gravitational force (fg) between two objects, we look at two key factors: the product of their masses (m1 and m2) and the square of the distance between them (d2). The gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of their masses, meaning if the masses increase, the force increases. However, it is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, meaning if the distance (d) increases, the gravitational force decreases.
To illustrate this principle, if the distance between two objects is increased, the gravitational force between them decreases. This is because the force diminishes with the square of the distance increase, which is demonstrated by the 1/d2 factor in the equation. For example, if you increase the distance by a factor of 3, the gravitational force would decrease by a factor of 32 (or 9).
Therefore, as the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational force between them will indeed decrease, highlighting the importance of distance when considering gravitational interactions.
Which statement accurately compares the weight of an object on these two planets
A __________ sign on a truck means that the load on the truck is potentially dangerous.
A hazardous sign on a truck means that the load on the truck is potentially dangerous.
A hazardous sign on a truck means that the load on the truck is potentially dangerous. These signs are part of a system of hazard communication that includes symbols, labels, and placards to quickly and effectively convey information about the hazards of the materials being transported. The use of such signs is essential for the safety of everyone on the road, including the truck driver, other motorists, emergency responders, and the general public. It helps to ensure that appropriate precautions are taken when handling, transporting, and in the event of an accident involving, these materials.
In a cathode ray tube, the number of electrons that reach the fluorescent screen is controlled by the A. cathode. B. anode. C. grid. D. deflecting plate.
Answer:
C) The answer is grid .
Explanation:
Grid lies between cathode and anode with varying volts . It controls the no of
electrons reaching screen. It is kept closer to cathode which emits electrons.There may be more than one control grid.
when you snap your wrist open, the frisbee ____
A. Flips.
B. Tumbles.
C. Spins.
D.Flops.
A diver with a mass of 70.0 kg stands motionless at the top of a diving platform 3.0 m high. The diver’s initial vertical speed is zero. What is the diver’s potential energy relative to the water surface?
Final answer:
The diver's potential energy relative to the water surface, calculated using the formula PE = mgh with given values, is 2058 Joules.
Explanation:
To calculate the diver's potential energy relative to the water surface, we use the formula for gravitational potential energy, which is PE = mgh, where PE is the potential energy, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s2), and h is the height above the reference point (in this case, the water surface).
Given a diver with a mass of 70.0 kg standing 3.0 m high above the water, the calculation would be as follows:
PE = (70.0 kg) * (9.8 m/s2) * (3.0 m) = 2058 Joules.
Therefore, the diver's potential energy relative to the water surface is 2058 Joules.
A current of 12 amps is measured in a circuit with a total resistance of 9.0 ohms. What is the size of the voltage source that supplies this circuit?
a. 108 volts
b. 21 volts
c. 1.3 volts
d. 0.75 volts
How can an electron in an atom lose energy to go from a higher energy level to a lower energy level? select one:
a. it exchanges gravitational potential energy for kinetic energy.
b. it loses gravitational potential energy.
c. it releases a photon equal in energy to its own energy drop.
d. it absorbs a photon equal in energy to its own energy drop.
e. it loses kinetic energy?
A gas has a volume of 300 ml at 300 kpa. what will its volume be if the pressure is changed to 600 kpa?
A solid steel sphere of density 7.86 g/cm3 and mass 1 kg spin on an axis through its center with a period of 2.3 s. given vsphere = 4 3 π r3 , what is its angular momentum? answer in units of kg m2 /s.
The solution for this problem is:
density = mass / volume
7860 = 1 / ((4/3) pi r^3)
r^3 = 1 / (7860 * 4/3*pi)
r = (1 / (7860 * 4/3*pi))^(1/3)
= 0.067 m
Inertia = (2/5)mr^2
= (2/5) x 1 x 0.067^2
= 0.0017956 kg-m^2
1/2.3 = 0.4348 rev/s
0.4348 x 2pi = 2.732 rad/s
Angular momentum = Inertia x rad/s
0.0017956 x 2.732 = 0.00490557 kg m^2/s
This is a large, rocky body found in space. It often orbits the sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Final answer:
Asteroids are rocky bodies in space that mostly orbit the Sun within the asteroid belt, located between Mars and Jupiter. They vary in size and are classified by composition as C-type, S-type, or M-type. The largest asteroid and dwarf planet in this belt is Ceres.
Explanation:
The large, rocky bodies that are often found orbiting the sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter are known as asteroids. The region where most asteroids are found is called the asteroid belt, and this area extends from 2.2 to 3.3 AU from the Sun. Asteroids are mainly remnants of the initial solar system that existed before the planets formed, ranging from a few centimeters to hundreds of kilometers in size. While most asteroids reside within the asteroid belt, they are spread out with significant empty space between them, making navigation for spacecraft like Galileo and Cassini feasible.
Asteroids are classified into different types: C-type (carbonaceous), S-type (stony), and M-type (metallic). The largest known asteroid is Ceres, which is also classified as a dwarf planet. Understanding asteroids is important for planetary defense as well as for exploring the solar system's past.
The surface pressures at the bases of warm and cold columns of air are equal. air pressure in the warm column of air will ______ with increasing height __________ than in the cold column.
On which of the following planets or celestial bodies will the mass of the object be the greatest?
The Earth because it has the greatest mass and therefore the largest force of gravity.
The Moon because it has the lowest mass and the weakest force of gravity.
Its mass will be the same on all because mass is constant, no matter the gravity.
Jupiter because it has the greatest mass and therefore the greatest force of gravity.
Answer:
Its mass will be the same on all because mass is constant, no matter the gravity
Explanation:
Inertial property of an object is its mass. Mass is a changeless quantity since it is the amount of matter contained in an object. When an object is on the surface of the earth or any other celestial body, it is influenced by the pull of gravity of that planet . Then it experiences the gravitational force which is called as weight , commonly.
It is weight that changes when an object is taken from one place to another . But it is mass that remains constant.