Why is it important for action potentials to only be conducted in one direction? why is it important for action potentials to only be conducted in one direction?
a. the brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltage-gated na+ channels.
b. if the signal were transmitted in both directions, it would not be as efficient at transmitting information to the brain.
c. voltage-gated channels for both na+ and k+ open in only one direction.
d. the axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon?

Answers

Answer 1
Think of it like an electric circuit. If electricity was going in both directions, what would happen? It wouldn't work. Answer is B
Answer 2

Final answer:

Action potentials must be conducted in one direction to ensure efficient transmission of signals along neurons, enforced by the mechanism of the absolute refractory period that follows voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation.

Explanation:

It is important for action potentials to only be conducted in one direction because once the voltage-gated Na+ channels open and Na+ enters the cell during depolarization, the channels become inactivated at the peak of depolarization and initiate a brief period called the absolute refractory period. During this time, the channels cannot reopen, preventing the depolarization from spreading back toward the previously opened channels.

Following depolarization, K+ channels open allowing potassium to exit the cell, facilitating repolarization. Along the axon, depolarization moves like a wave towards the axon terminals, unable to reverse direction due to the refractory period. If action potentials were able to travel in both directions, it would disrupt the signal transmission efficiency and the overall polarity of the neuronal signal.


Related Questions

"dormant phase, triggering phase, execution phase and __________ phase."

Answers

Answer:

A man is exposed to a high amount of ultraviolet light. The light causes DNA in the cells of his eyes to suffer many mutations. His doctor claims that the mutations will not be passed to any future offspring. Which argument BEST describes the doctor's claim?

Explanation:

Density differences in ocean water are responsible for deep ocean circulation. a. true b. false

Answers

the answer bnb is true becuase without desity in anything nothing would circulate

During nitrification, _____.

1plants create nitrogen compounds
2nitrogen is added to the atmosphere
3bacteria break down amonia into nitrogen
4ammonia is changed back into nitrate

Answers

During nitrification, ammonia is changed back into nitrate.
Nitrification is a three-step process of oxidation of ammonia. It is an aerobic process performed by small groups of autotrophic bacteria (Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter). First step- ammonia to hydroxylamine, Second step-hydroxylamine to nitrite, Third step-nitrite to nitrate. Nitrification together with ammonification is part of a nitrogen cycle.

What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily (slowly) in tiny changes over long periods of time?

A. Gradualism
B. Relative dating
C. Natural selection
D. Punctuated Equilibrium

Answers

I would say that the answer is A. Gradualism

A. Gradualism is the answer because Gradualism is a theory assuming that change comes about gradually or that variation is gradual in nature.

All The different populations that live together in an area make up an______

Answers

Hello,

The answer is "ecosystem".

Reason:

A ecosystem is different populations of spices that come up to a ecosystem its kind like a community only for animals.

If you need anymore help feel free to ask me!

Hope this helps!

~Nonportrit

Explain the law of large numbers. how does this law apply to gambling​ casinos?

Answers

The law of large numbers states that when a random process is repeated many times, the frequencies of the observed outcomes get increasingly closer to the theoretical probabilities. This law of numbers work to the advantage of casinos. The advantage is because when the player's risk is concentrated on little numbers of rounds or hands, the casino's risk is spread out among all the games and bets that are in play.
Final answer:

The law of large numbers is a principle from probability theory, stating that as you repeat a probability experiment, the relative frequency of events tend to approach their theoretical probabilities. In a gambling context, this means that while short-term results can be unpredictable, over the long run, outcomes conform to their theoretical probabilities – which is why casinos, which always have a slight edge, tend to win over the long haul.

Explanation:

The law of large numbers is a key principle in probability theory and statistics, stating that as a probability experiment is repeated more times, the relative frequency of an event tends to get closer to its theoretical probability. This means that the more times you repeat the experiment, the closer the outcomes will be to what you would theoretically expect based on probability.

Applying this to a gambling context, let's consider the example of flipping a fair coin. If you flipped it a few times, it's quite likely you could observe solely heads or solely tails. But if you flip it many times, say thousands, the relative frequency of getting heads versus tails starts to approach the theoretical probability of 0.5. This is not to say that the outcomes happen in an orderly or predictable way but, overall, the empirical (observed) frequency starts to approach the theoretical probability.

Casinos rely heavily on this principle. For each game, the house, i.e., the casino, has a slight mathematical edge, or advantage. Over the short run, anything can happen (a player might win big), but in the long run, the casino will always come out ahead due to the law of large numbers. This can be seen in games like roulette, where the house has a 1 in 37 to 1 in 38 edge on each spin, or blackjack, where the house edge ranges between 0.2% and 2% depending on house rules and player strategy.

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The parents of a 6-year-old tell the school nurse that they are worried that their child will fall behind other children academically because they are not able to afford expensive toys like computer games and handheld electronic devices. which are acceptable responses by the nurse? select all that apply.

Answers

"I understand how this can be frustrating, but rest assured this does not place your child at a disadvantage academically."

"All of these expensive toys that are advertised and purchased by some people are not necessary for preschoolers. Simple toys like chalk and Legos are great."
"Do you play with your child and provide means of play through things like dolls, puzzles, crayons, and Play-Doh? These are the types of toys suggested for preschoolers."

Expensive and elaborate toys do not place a child at an academic or developmental advantage. Simple toys that require interactive rather than passive play, and that may include the involvement of the parent, are recommended to foster development.

Answer:

The nurse should say that expensive toys are not a factor responsible for the good academic development of preschoolers. She should also mention that there are simple and inexpensive toys that are perfect for children at this age. Lastly, the nurse should indicate which toys parents could buy for this child such as dolls, puzzles, crayons and Play-Doh.

Explanation:

Some educational toys help stimulate the senses and develop children's skills, for example by getting them to come to conclusions on their own. They can (and should) begin to be used even at preschool age as it is during this time that little ones begin to develop cognitive, physical and social aspects. These toys, however, need not be expensive and far-fetched. Simple toys like lego, puzzle, color pencils are great options for this.

what are the differences between protists and fungi

Answers

I hope this help you.
Final answer:

Protists and fungi are both eukaryotic, but they differ in cell wall composition and motility. Fungus-like protists have cellulose cell walls and can be motile, unlike fungi which have chitin cell walls and are mainly non-motile.

Explanation:

The differences between protists and fungi are found in their cellular structures and modes of nutrition. Both are eukaryotic organisms, which means they have a true nucleus. Fungus-like protists, such as slime molds and water molds, share some similarities with fungi; for instance, they are heterotrophic, have cell walls, and reproduce through spores. However, their cell walls are composed of cellulose, unlike the chitin found in fungal cell walls. Furthermore, while fungi are strictly heterotrophic and mainly non-motile, fungus-like protists can be motile during certain life stages and have more complex life cycles, which include both asexual and sexual reproduction.

is a banana more closely related to a lemon or an onion

Answers

Onion 

hope this helps
A banana is more closely related to an onion actually.

An aneurysm is a traveling blood clot that becomes lodged in the brain. an aneurysm is a traveling blood clot that becomes lodged in the brain.
a. True
b. False

Answers

A blood clot is typically an embolism of some type. What happens is often plaque or some matter will build up in an area of your body, often the femoral artery in your thigh. This plaque will dislodge and travel through your blood until it becomes lodged somewhere else, often in the small veins and capillaries within the brain. This will cause typically one of three things to happen. The clot will cause reduced blood flow to a certain area causing an ischemic infarction or ischemic stroke. Depending on the area this can cause paralysis, slurred speech, blindness, deafness... etc. Another thing that can happen is it can cause a hemorrhagic stroke or bleeding out. It literally rips the vein causing blood to burst into the surrounding tissue causing much damage. These are typically much worse then ischemic attacks. The third thing is the aneurysm. The clot will lodge and cause the smooth muscle tissue of the vein to balloon out in the particular area. Nearly always, if not discovered, this ballooning will burst and cause hemorrhagic damage to surrounding tissue.

The clot can also be a large group of platelets that coagulated to repair a damaged area and dislodged and become lodged in the brain. Hence blood 'clot'. 

In short, it's true.
Final answer:

An aneurysm is not a traveling blood clot that becomes lodged in the brain, but rather a bulge resulting from a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel. If a blood clot travels to the brain, this condition is generally referred to as a cerebrovascular accident, or stroke.

Explanation:

False, an aneurysm is not a traveling blood clot that becomes lodged in the brain. An aneurysm is actually a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall. This can happen in any blood vessel, including the brain, but it's often in the aorta or the brain.

On the other hand, a traveling clot that travels to the brain is referred to as a cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, and can cause serious damage or death. It's important to note that while an aneurysm can lead to a stroke if it bursts, the two are not the same thing.

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what is the name giving to a cell divson eukyrotic

Answers

The name given to cell division of a eukaryotic cell is mitosis. This is the stage where the nucleus of the cell splits and it copies and splits it's DNA. There's a second part of division known as cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides between the two new daughter cells. Though, if you're looking for one word, mitosis is the most common stage.

Which summarizes the products of glycolysis? ATP, NADH, and pyruvic acid ATP, CO2, and pyruvic acid glucose, ATP, and NADH NAD+, NADH, and ADP

Answers

ATP, NADH, and pyruvic acid are the correct

The formula of glycosis is glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O.

What is glycolysis?

The process by which glucose is broken down into energy is called glycolysis. It produces two atoms of pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and water. Oxygen is not required for the process, which takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are affected.

In all organisms, glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration. The Krebs cycle follows glycolysis during aerobic respiration. Without even a trace of oxygen, the cells make limited quantities of ATP as glycolysis is trailed by maturation.

Therefore, glycolysis is the cellular respiration process that helps in generating ATP also called body currency.

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Charles Darwin observed a unique beak size and shape in the finch population of each of the Galapagos Islands that he visited. mc003-1.jpg Which is the most likely cause of the observed variation? differences in the climate among the islands competition among individuals for available food sources competition among individuals for desirable mates differences in egg size among the populations

Answers

Competition among individuals for available food sources

The answer is;   competition among individuals for available food sources

Due to competition among the finch birds, individual were forced to move to different islands that make up the Galapagos and develop a niche. The finches that became adapted to eating larger fruits developed larger beaks over time while those that eat small fruits retained smaller beaks.  


Predict the most likely outcome of culturing transformed e coli in the presence of tetracycline answer

Answers

E. coli are a species of bacteria. Like all bacteria, they have a round piece of DNA that contains most of their genetic information, but also plasmids, that contain some more. Plasmid can be passed on from bacterium to bacterium and they contain information for fighting antibiotics. Tetracycline is such an antibiotic. The process of putting a plasmid inside a bacterium is called transformation. So what the above sentence really says, is that a bacterium just got a plasmid that is probably holding the genetic information to produce proteins that fight antibiotics like tetracycline. While regular strains of E. coli might not be able to deal with tetracycline, transformed strains will probably be able to survive it. Hence, the culture will have live bacteria and the bacteria that have a plasmid against tetracycline will be favored and survive.

The transformed E. coli cell will grow even in the presence of tetracycline.

Recombination:

It is the process by which a DNA of interest is inserted into an organism.

To insure that cell  transformed or not, scientist put put an antibiotic resistance gene.This give transformed cell an ability to grow in a medium that contain antibiotics.Non - transformed cells will die.

Therefore, the transformed E. coli cell will grow even in the presence of tetracycline.

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What would happen if the membrane of a nucleus became permeable to most substances?

Answers

The nucleus would be damaged.

Hope this helps!
~~Layshia!<3!

the nucleus would be damaged

Which of the following best describes how a cell’s DNA can change through mutations?
DNA segments from broken-down prokaryotic cells are taken in and incorporated into the DNA of living cells.
A virus takes in a segment of DNA from one bacterial cell and inserts it into another bacterial cell.




A bridgelike connection forms between two prokaryotic cells, through which genetic information is transferred.
Changes in a cell’s DNA sequences occur during replication, and those changes are passed on to daughter cells.

Answers

Changes in a cell’s DNA sequences occur during replication, and those changes are passed on to daughter cells. 

Changes in a cell’s DNA sequences so the answer is D

Including all of the relevant anatomical structures (and ending with the activation of the cranial nerve), explain how we sense spinning in a chair. what happens when the chair is suddenly stopped

Answers

There are three semicircular canals filled with fluid in the inner ear at right angles to each other. Each senses the movement of your head along a different axis. Using all three, the brain is able to orient your body in 3D space. Tiny hairs lining the canals (hair cells) sense motion by sloshing of the water in the canals. Information from the hair cells are relayed to the brain as an interpretation of movement of the head.
During spinning in a circle, the fluid in the canals initially slosh in the direction opposite to your head's motion. However, the jelly-like material in which the hair cells are imbedded, the endolymph, adjusts to the movement of your head,causing the hair cells to straighten, and your brain no longer receives the message that you're spinning. In effect, your brain thinks that you are standing still while the the world is rotating around you. 
When you suddenly stop spinning, because of inertia, the endolymph keeps spinning. The fluid in your ear moves again in the direction in which you were spinning before, and a signal of movement is transmitted to the brain. You sense that you are moving, but you're not.  

A theoretical protein, blue2, is coded for by the blu2 gene. This protein codes for a blue pigment used by the organism to protect it from damaging UV rays from sunlight. The enzyme alterase binding to the blu2 operator halts transcription of blue2. A blu2 operator mutation causes a conformational change that does not allow alterase to bind to operator.

Answers

The question is:
What may be observed as a result of the described mutation in an individual? 

1) Skin cancer due to UV rays 
2) Darker blue pigmentation 
3) A lack of alterase for other functions it may serve 
4) The release of a different pigment color

The correct answer is B.
In this theoretical molecular cascade, we have three key parts, the blue2 gene, the blue2 operator and the enzyme alterase.
The enzyme alterase stops the expression of the blue2 gene by binding  to its operator, and therefore the blue pigment protein.
The blue2 operator has a specific binding spot for alterase. If this binding spot is changed due to a conformational change, the alterase would not be able to bind to the operator and the blue2 gene could express undisturbedly, resulting in increased concentration of the blue pigment protein.

What controls the timing of gene expression?
a. the regulatory sequence for a gene
b. the nucleotides that dictate the sequence of amino acids in the protein
c. the coding sequence for a gene
d. the alleles for a gene
e. the transgenic portion of a gene?

Answers

The regulatory sequence for a gene controls the timing of gene expression.

Which process creates two new cells from one existing cell in order to maintain homeostasis? Cell division Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Reparation

Answers

cell division is the answer

Answer:

cell division

Explanation:

Using technology, scientists are now able to use genetic information to classify new species. What is the likely impact of this advancement on the classification system?
The existing classification system may change to accommodate the new information.
The existing classification system will be replaced completely.
Organisms would be classified based only on their mode of nutrition.
Organisms would be classified based only on physical characteristics.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The likely impact of this advancement on the classification system is the existing classification system may change to accommodate the new information. Thus, option A is correct.

What is the problem in the Linnaean taxonomy?

Linnaean category has been old primarily based totally on our modern know how of the evolution of lifestyles. It has a way of classifying organisms primarily based totally on tendencies and traits of them that we discover important; it is totally subjective.

The three-domain system has the organic category added via way of means of Carl Woese et al. in 1990 that divides cell lifestyles paperwork into archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote domains. The key distinction from in advance classifications is the splitting of archaea from bacteria.

Therefore, The likely impact of this advancement on the classification system is the existing classification system may change to accommodate the new information. Thus, option A is correct.

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Although the foxp2 amino acid sequence is highly conserved, humans have two unique amino acids that chimpanzees don't have. these unique amino acids are highly correlated with differences in _____ seen between chimps and humans.

Answers

The answer is language. Humans have a high degree of language acquisition and complexity compared to chimpanzees due to foxp2 proteins. Foxp2 are transcription factors that are significant in cell proliferation. The difference of 2 in 700 amino acids in the sequence makes the protein to be differentially regulated between the two species.






The right answer is language (speech, talking, or every thing related to communication skills).

Forkhead-Box P2 protein (FOXP2) is a transcription factor belonging to the Forkhead-Box3,4 protein group. it is recognized that FOXP2 plays a large role in language transmission, including grammatical abilities.

The name "speech gene" has been popularized for the FOXP2 gene. But many other vertebrates also have this gene, and FOXP2 seems to play a role in verbal communication.

gregor Mendel’s research formed the basis of the field of genetics. dominance. recessiveness. selective breeding.

Answers

The appropriate response is field of genetics. Genetics is the investigation of qualities, hereditary variety, and heredity in living creatures. It is by and large considered a field of science, however, meets every now and again with numerous other life sciences and is firmly connected with the investigation of data frameworks.

Gregor Mendel’s research formed the basis of the field of genetics. The correct option is A.

What is genetics?

Genetics is the study of traits, hereditary variation, and heredity in living things. It is generally considered a scientific field, but it frequently intersects with numerous other life sciences and is closely related to the investigation of data frameworks.

Genetics is a branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heritability in organisms.

Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in Brno in the nineteenth century, was the first to conduct scientific research on genetics.

Genetics research investigates the roles of individual genes or groups of genes in health and disease.

Understanding genetic factors and genetic disorders is essential for learning more about health promotion and disease prevention.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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which part of the flower you eat when you eat an apple?

Answers

when you eat a apple your eating the hypanthium tissue it could also be the core but i dont know anyone who enjoys eating the core.

If blood is in short supply which blood type would be most beneficial to have on hand if someone need a transfusion

Answers

Hi! It would be most beneficial to carry the blood type of the "universal donor" if you do not know what blood type you might be transfusing to and if the blood is in short supply. This universal donor is O negative, and carrying this around would enable you to transfuse it to ANY blood type.

What is the brain?
Pleas help

Answers

The brain is an organ in your head, protected by your skull. It allows you to doall essential tasks.
;The brain is protected by your skull, and is an organ of soft nervous tissue. It has multiple parts that are the cerebrum,cerebellum, hypothalamus, brain stem, and a medulla. There are other parts, these are the most known parts.

Rabbits are introduced into a grassland area. Which action of the rabbits would harm the buffalo that live in the grassland?
A.
attracting predators
B.
eating the grass
C.
attacking prey

Answers

The most likely answer choice should and would be B, given that rabbits are herbivores (meaning that they only eat vegetation and plants, including grass). Buffalo's food source(s) and diet consists of grass as well. If enough rabbits are introduced into a grassland area, they will furthermore consume more grass, in turn limiting the food source of the buffalo. 

''Attacking'' prey doesn't necessarily make sense, given that buffalos do not 'prey' on any animal and rabbits themselves are prey.

A to a lesser extent can make sense, although I doubtable.  B's most likely the answer. 

Answer:B.

Explanation:

eating the grass becasue that what buffalos eat also

True or false: dna that is loosely wound is the easiest to divide.

Answers

Is  true  that  DNA  that   is  loosely  would  is  the   easiest  to   divide ( replicate).  If  the  DNA  is  loosely  would,  molecular  enzymes  have  easy to  access  and  hence  the  molecule  is   by  to  make  a  copy.The  DNA  dividing  or  replication  involve  producing  of  identical  replica  of  DNA  from  the  original  DNA

The cranial remains from dmanisi bear some similarities to early homo specimens from africa but also bear some similarities to homo erectus specimens.
a. True
b. False

Answers

This is false.
The fossil remains from Dmanisi bear some similarities to early Homo specimens from Africa only.

A series of measurements were made on four skulls (descriptions of the measurements can be found in the student exploration sheet). which is most likely a modern human skull?

Answers

This question is incomplete. The question gives a choice between four skulls: A, B, C and D. The skulls are compared in a table for: Cranium/face area ratio, face angle and foramen magnum ratio.

The cranium/face area ratio relates to the size of the cranium relative to the rest of the skull, and we would expect this ratio to be fairly large for a human. The face angle relates to human faces in relation to primate faces, which are less protruded forwards (i.e., we have relatively flat faces), and the foramen magnum is the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal column connects to the skull. In bipeds, we would expect this hole to be fairly equally distant from the back of the skull to the front of the skull, so this ratio would be closer to 1. Based on this information and the ratios given in the table, I would say that skull B is most likely a human skull.
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Can you please help me? Someone please help What is the solution to the system of equations?3x - 4y= 162x + 3y=5 A. (-4,1)B. (4,-1)C.(-4,-1)D.(4,1) What is the value of x^2 + 4 for x = 5? Must a decimal divisor and a decimal dividend have the same number of decimal places in order to have a whole number quotient? write a division equation using two decimal numbers to support your answer. please help me :)A Ferris wheel at a carnival has a diameter of 62 feet. Suppose it turns at a rate of 70 revolutions per hour.(a) Find the angular speed of the wheel in radians per hour.(b) Find the linear speed of a passenger in feet per minute.Do not round any intermediate computations, and round your answer to the nearest whole number., The following is an excerpt from the case study "It's All Greek to Me": "I am sorry to give you bad news. Nikoleta does have anemia but, unfortunately, giving her a high iron formula was exactly the opposite of what should be done. 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How much is Milena's monthly cable bill? kellogg's begins to sell its cereals in new markets after conducting extensive marketing research. after the cereal begins to appear in these new markets, the company increases its promotion expenditure to counteract competitive responses. kellogg's is in the ________ stage of the product life cycle. The pressure P (in pounds per square foot), in a pipe varies over time. Ten times an hour, the pressure oscillates from a low of 40 to a high of 280 and then back to a low of 40. The pressure at time t = 0 is 40. Let the function P = f(t) denote the pressure in pipe at time t minutes. Find the formula for the function P=f(t), Which relationship between x and y in the equation shows a proportional relationship y=12x y=12/x y=2x+6 y=x/2+3 In an attack known as ____, valid protocol packets exploit poorly configured dns servers to inject false information to corrupt the servers' answers to routine dns queries from other systems on that network. His train has been running for 2 1/2 Days straight at a constant speed of 4.8 mph. How far has he traveled? A qu hora te despertaste esta maana? a. Usualmente, te despiertas al mismo tiempo cada da. c. Me despert a las siete. b. Esta maana comimos pan dulce. d. Me despert a las siete. Simplify the rational expression. state any restrictions on the variable. n^4-11n^2+30/n^4-7n^2+10 13. Why do cells need both tRNA and mRNA? (1 point)Only mRNA can be used to repair mistakes in the DNA sequence.Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids.The tRNA in used on the ribosomes and the mRNA is used in the nucleus.The mRNA brings information to the nucleus for the tRNA to use.14. (03.06 LC)Mutation does not always affect the evolution of a species because (1 point)not all mutations are inheritednot all mutations are beneficialnot all mutations cause visible changenot all mutations affect an entire species15. 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