why were african americans brought into america
a slaves
b to have something for the superior whites to beat
c for food
d humans are sick and wanted to see another race burn

Answers

Answer 1

African-Americans (citizens from Africa and the Caribbean) where bought in dominantly for A) SLAVE purposes xxx


Related Questions

4. Most of the first pioneers that moved west did so because they wanted to escape an economic ____________________ in the East.

5. Many pioneers headed west to settle on ____________________ and

___________________ land and for the ____________________ that seemed to be waiting.

Answers

4. Most of the first pioneers that moved west did so because they wanted to escape an economic __insecurity__ in the East.

5. Many pioneers headed west to settle on ___farms___ and

the promise of cheap and abundant land ____and for the ____opportunities________________ that seemed to be waiting


The correct words are: Insegurity - farms - the promise of cheap and abundant land - opportunities

The North American Pioneer or the North American pioneers are any of the people who during the History of the United States emigrated from the settlements of the East Coast towards the settlements of the West Coast and colonized new areas.

The term refers especially to those who were going to populate any territory that had not previously been populated or cultivated by the descendants of European or American society, even though the territory may have been inhabited or used by indigenous peoples

How did he kansas-nebraska act nullify the missouri compromise

Answers

It violated the Missouri compromise of 1820.

Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León is MOST known for his exploration of what part of the "New World"?
A) Canada
B) Brazil
C) Florida
D) Texas

Answers

His exploration of Florida

Answer:

florida

Explanation:

because i know

The purpose of the Monroe Doctrine was:

A-to prevent further colonization of European countries.
B-to establish American colonies throughout the Western Hemisphere.
C-to allow limited colonization of the United States.
D-to continue Westward expansion in the United States.

Answers

The answer would be A).

Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. 

PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!!

Which belief did John Calvin advance with the idea of predestination?



that God had already determined who was saved and who was not



that Church officials must minister to souls in order to save them



that entire communities of the faithful would be saved together



that believers could achieve salvation through the sacraments

Answers

The belief that God already know who would be saved and who would not have salvation.

John Calvin advanced the belief that God had already determined who was saved and who was not ( answer B ).

John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He developed a Christian theology called Calvinism, aspects of which includes the doctrines of predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation of the human soul.

Predestination is a term that refers to God's determination in advance that something will happen in accordance with his fixed purpose. This doctrine states that all events have been willed by God, God exercises control over the world. Predestination applies to the salvation, meaning that God appointed the eternal destiny of some to salvation by grace only, regardless of their deeds on earth (unconditional election). The rest receives the eternal punishment for all their sins, including the original sin ( reprobation).


Why did Germany and Japan place the blame on other countries for their economic downturns during the Great Depression, and how did this inevitably lead to the Second World War?

Answers

The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world.

Though the U.S. economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may be said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. During the next three years stock prices in the United States continued to fall, until by late 1932 they had dropped to only about 20 percent of their value in 1929. Besides ruining many thousands of individual investors, this precipitous decline in the value of assets greatly strained banks and other financial institutions, particularly those holding stocks in their portfolios. Many banks were consequently forced into insolvency; by 1933, 11,000 of the United States' 25,000 banks had failed. The failure of so many banks, combined with a general and nationwide loss of confidence in the economy, led to much-reduced levels of spending and demand and hence of production, thus aggravating the downward spiral. The result was drastically falling output and drastically rising unemployment; by 1932, U.S. manufacturing output had fallen to 54 percent of its 1929 level, and unemployment had risen to between 12 and 15 million workers, or 25-30 percent of the work force.

Final answer:

During the Great Depression, Germany and Japan blamed other countries for their economic woes, which, fueled by nationalist and expansionist ideologies, led to aggressive militarism and ultimately contributed to the eruption of World War II.

Explanation:

Germany and Japan attributed their economic troubles during the Great Depression to other countries due to the complex interplay of war reparations, international debts, and economic policies. In the wake of World War I, Germany faced massive reparations to Britain and France, while these countries owed significant debts to the United States. The financial pressure intensified when the American stock market crashed in 1929, prompting U.S. banks to call in their loans, leading to businesses closing and soaring unemployment in Germany. Austerity measures only exacerbated the lack of capital, fueling anger and desperation among the populace.

Meanwhile, Japan, lacking in natural resources and facing population pressure, sought to secure vital commodities. Japan and Germany both turned towards aggressive militarism, fueled by nationalist ideologies that blamed external forces for their plight. As economic hardship shook faith in liberal democracy, fascistic and expansionist policies became appealing, with voters supporting parties that promised national rejuvenation at the expense of established international norms. This led to an increase in authoritarianism across several states and was epitomized by Japan's invasion of Manchuria and Germany's expansionist policies. Such actions, rooted in dealing with economic strife, would contribute to the ignition of World War II.

Can madison be called a economic determinist

Answers

Madison can be called an economic determinist because, during his political career in the Congress, as Secretary of State to Jefferson, and as President, he argued that British commercial and maritime policies should be countered with retaliatory tariffs and trade restrictions.

Why did the cannibal get kicked off the playground?

Answers

The cannibal got kicked off the playground for playing with his food.

Answer:

haha really funny

Explanation:

According to the 9th amendment to the constitution, what do the enumerted rights in the bill of rights not do?

Answers

ensure that u will be safe


What made Americans so willing to engage in stock market speculation in the 1920s?

A. People were in an optimistic mood, and they were willing to take a risk.
B. Speculation was the lowest-risk way to invest in the stock market.
C. People felt they had little to lose, and there were few other options.
D. Speculation helped many low-income people move to the middle class.

Answers

It would be A cause People were in an optimistic mood, and they were willing to take a risk

Answer:

A. People were in an optimistic mood, and they were willing to take a risk.

Explanation:

The crash of 29 was preceded by a speculative boom that had emerged in the early 1920s and had led hundreds of thousands of Americans to invest heavily in the stock market, even a significant number lending money to buy more shares. By August 1929, brokers routinely lent to small investors more than 2/3 of the value of the shares they bought. More than $ 8.5 billion had been borrowed, more than the total amount that was circulating at the time in the US Ascending stock prices encouraged more people to invest: they expected stock prices to grow even more. . Then, speculation caused higher rises and created an economic bubble. The average PER (Price to Earnings Ratio) of the S & P compound shares was 32.6 in September 1929, clearly above historical standards. Many economists see this event as the most dramatic in modern economic history.

Measuring the Health of the Economy: provide INDICATOR, DEFINITION (WHAT DOES IT MEASURE?) and HEALTHY MEASURES (# or %)

Answers


Answer

1. Measuring the Health of the Economy is through studying the gross domestic product(GDP)

2. Indicators of the Economy could be the lagging economic indicators and the leading economic indicators.

Explanation

The main goals of the world’s economies are growth, high employment and price stability. Economists measure the performance of the economy through observing the measure of total output called gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is the market value of all goods and services produced by the economy in a given year. If the GDP increases, the economy is growing whereas when the GDP goes down, the economy is contracting.

The statistics which are used to report the status of the economy a few months in the past are referred to as lagging economic indicators. They include the average length of unemployment .For example if unemployed staff remains in that state for long time; we infer that the economy has been slow. Other indicators are the leading economic indicators which when they rise, the economy is likely to expand and when they fall, the economy is likely to contract.


Answer:gross domestic product(GDP)

Explanation:

20 POINTS HURRY!!

Why was it important that Israel was recognized by the United States and other nations?

A.
It meant that other nations would supply Israel with economic aid.

B.
It meant that other nations agreed to trade with Israel.

C.
It meant that other nations would treat Israel as a legitimate state.

D.
It meant that other nations pledged to defend Israel in case of attack.

Answers

I am positive the answer is D


Let me know if its wrong and ill correct it

Why was Gandhi's Salt March so significant in the struggle for India's independence?
A.It led to peaceful negotiations between India and Britain.
B. It united Indians under a common struggle against the British.
C. The British responded favorably to the peaceful protests.
D. India gained quick control of salt production and trade.

Answers

B. It united Indians under a common struggle against the British.


What role did the king have in Persia's Zoroastrian religion?

Answers

The king could rule Persia because the Zoroastrian god let him do so, he was the ambassador of God on earth and had to enact His laws.

The constitution gives congress the commerce power, but it specifically states the the congress may not tax exports. Why do you think the constitution placed that limit on congress?

Answers

Congress is not allowed to tax exports by US producers selling their products to foreign markets, because that would put a penalty on American producers and the US economy.  In the early days when the Constitution was being written, the main concern would have been farm products exported to Europe.  Today US exports include not only agricultural products but all sorts of manufactured products as well.

Final answer:

The Constitution's prohibition on Congress taxing exports seeks to maintain a balance of power and protect the economic stability of states that heavily rely on exports. Congress is granted three types of powers: enumerated, implied, and inherent. Although Congress can regulate commerce, restrictions are in place to avoid potential economic imbalances.

Explanation:

The Constitution explicitly states that Congress may not tax exports as a balance of power between the states and the federal government. This directive prevents Congress from creating export taxation laws that could disproportionately impact certain states, particularly those that heavily rely on exporting goods for their economic wellbeing. In this spirit, the balance of power thus ensures fair trade practices and economic stability among the U.S. states.

Understanding Congress's powers, which can be further divided into enumerated, implied, and inherent powers, may help paint a clearer picture. Enumerated powers are explicitly stated in the Constitution. Implied powers, which largely stem from the 'necessary and proper clause,' are those that are not explicitly stated but are inferred as necessary to execute the goals of the national government. Inherent powers, on the other hand, are those that are assumed to exist because the country exists—although they are not explicitly stated in the Constitution.

The power of Congress to regulate commerce is rooted in the commerce clause found in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, which has greatly expanded Congress's reach over centuries. However, even this power has limits to ensure a balance among states, the people, and the federal government. For instance, although Congress can regulate interstate and intrastate commerce, it is prohibited from taxing exports, preserving a degree of economic autonomy for each state.

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After World War II, many people

left cities for suburbs
left suburbs for cities
left the South for the North
left the West for the East
Answer is A

Answers

Answer:

Question 1 is A (as you said)

Question 2 is A and B

Explanation:

After World War II or the Second World War, many people: A. left cities for suburbs.

The types of settlement.

In Sociology, there are three main types of settlement and these include the following:

Urban settlement.Rural settlement.Suburban settlement.

Suburban settlements (suburbs) are generally characterized by lower standard of living in comparison with urban settlements (cities). Consequently, a lot of people left cities for suburbs after World War II or the Second World War.

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is youngboy chain real

Answers

YES IT IS REAL VERY VERY VERY VERY REAL


Answer: you can tell its real by how the diamonds made.

Explanation:

How would the United States benefit from the Louisiana Purchase? It would allow for further eastern expansion. B) It would enable the United States to trade with the Native Americans. C) America would double in size and own all the resources of this 800,000 square mile territory. D) It would really be of no benefit, but the land was inexpensive and Jefferson didn't want to pass up the deal.

Answers

I think the answer is C...if you're a connections student taking Honors US History I have the answers lol

Answer: C)

Explanation: A watershed event in American history, the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 nearly doubled the land mass of the young nation: for a purchase price of $15 million, the United States increased its size by some 828,000 square miles.

2. How did fighting the American revolution impact the American view of central government?



A) They remained suspicious of a strong central government.



B) They sought advice from the British about parliamentary government and the rules of common law.



C) They approved of the way the Congress handle emergencies.



D) They we’re excited by the prospect of a strong new federal authority.

Answers

Hey!

A. They remained suspicious of a strong central government.

A) They remained suspicious of a strong central government.


Which methods did Georgia use to distribute land in the late 1700s and early 1800s? collective bargaining and issuing bonds speculation and sharecropping the headright system and the land lottery the land-use plan and the embargo system

Answers

The headright system and the land lottery.

Georgia used a headright mechanism to allocate land. Despite being intended to discourage corruption, the system instead promoted it.  Thus, option C is correct.

What does the Georgia used to distribute land?

Georgia was generous and just in providing early settlers with free land. Two hundred acres of land were given to the family's head, plus an additional fifty acres for each relative and up to ten slaves.

Districts and lots were created by surveying and dividing up the land to be distributed. The district and lot numbers were given to the governor's office by the surveyors.

Early in its tenure, the government exploited this mechanism, leading to the debacle now known as the Yazoo land scandal.

The names of eligible people were registered in their home counties. The governor's office in the state capital received the names.

Therefore, The headright system and the land lottery.

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ASAP 30 POINTS TO WHO ANSWERS CORRECTLY
Which statements about the relative location of Illinois are accurate? Check all that apply.
Illinois is south of Kentucky.
Illinois is west of Indiana.
Illinois is bordered by Canada to the north.
Illinois is along one of the Great Lakes
Illinois is located in the Midwest region.
Illinois is south of Wisconsin.

Answers

Illinois is...

West of IndianaAlong one of the Great LakesSouth of WisconsinLocated in the Midwest region

Fyi, it's quickest to just pull up a map of Illinois on google. I didn't know all of these answers right away myself, but it only took a minute or so to look it up

Illinois is west of Indiana.

Illinois is along one of the Great Lakes.

Illinois is located in the Midwest region.

Illinois is south of Wisconsin.

Explanation:

The basis for the rights of U.S. citizens is the: Articles of Confederation Constitution Declaration of Independence Magna Carta

Answers

The Magna Carta, meaning “Great Charter,” is one of the most impactful documents ever written. Originally issued in 1215 by King John of England as a way of dealing with his own political crisis, the Magna Carta was the first governmental decree establishing the principle that all people — including the king — were equally subject to the law. 

Answer: Magna Carta

Explanation:

The Magna Carta (1215), also known as the Great Charter, had been created by feudal barons to force some concessions out of the King John of England. It became a big inspiration for America’s Founding Fathers when forging the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights held 10 amendments to the Constitution and was ratified by the states in 1791.

The New England colonists were known for their focus on hard work, frugality and diligence as a constant display of a person's faith and spirituality, instead of focusing on church attendance and rituals. Which phrase refers to the colonists approach religion?

Answers

The phrase that refers to colonists' approach to religion was: "Separation of church and state".

This phrase was important because it meant that there must be no law that establishes what kind of religion should people follow, they must be free regarding this matter. This phrase wanted to ensure man natural rights because religion cannot oppose to the social duties of each individual. Later this phrase was accepted as part of the effects of the First Amendment.

This was absolutely necessary due to the fact that the early immigrants who traveled to America had different religions, their main purpose was to assure no religious persecution of any sort, as well as to embrace their faith knowing that all religions are equal in the eyes of the law, with no special favoritism.


Final answer:

The phrase 'Puritan Work Ethic' or 'Protestant Work Ethic' denotes the New England colonists' religious approach, which emphasized diligence, discipline, and hard work as signs of morality and salvation. The colonies were marked by reformed Protestantism, with a key example being the 'City upon a Hill' mentality.

Explanation:

The phrase that refers to the New England colonists' approach to religion is Puritan Work Ethic or Protestant Work Ethic. This concept emphasizes diligence, discipline, and hard work as indicators of an individual's morality and salvation. The New England colonies, founded largely by Puritan families in the 1630s, were marked by their adherence to reformed Protestantism. A key example was the 'City upon a Hill' mentality, as articulated by John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay, which referred to creating a model of reformed Protestantism that would serve as moral and spiritual guidance to others.

Puritans expected everyone in the family, including children, to contribute to the workload necessary to maintain homes, farms, and businesses. They had a communal and religious orientation from the start, focusing on collective advancement through diligence, frugality, and discipline, rather than on individual wealth accumulation. Instead of prioritizing church attendance and rituals, they emphasized the display of faith through constant hard work and moral conduct.

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What traits do you think made Mansa Musa a successful ruler?

Answers

The correct answer is :


He let people practice different religions.

He let people practice different religions.


What was the House of Burgesses?

A.
Virginia's political system which was comprised of a governor, a council of a few privileged planters, and a house of representatives elected by all landowners

B.
Virginia's political system which was comprised of a governor and a few members nominated by the rich planters

C.
Virginia's political system which was comprised of a governor and a few members nominated by the rich planters

D.
Virginia's legislature that was nominated by the Crown and the "first families" of Virginia

Answers

Final answer:

The House of Burgesses was the legislative assembly in early Virginia, comprised of a governor, a council of planters, and a house of representatives elected by landowners.

Explanation:

The House of Burgesses was Virginia's political system that was established in 1619. It consisted of a governor, a council of privileged planters, and a house of representatives. This body was democratically elected by landowners, making it the first assembly of elected representatives in the New World.

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Final answer:

The House of Burgesses was part of Virginia's early political system, emerging in 1619 as one of the first legislative assemblies in the American colonies.

Explanation:

The House of Burgesses was part of Virginia's political system in the early colonial period. More precisely, it was A. Virginia's political system which was comprised of a governor, a council of a few privileged planters, and a house of representatives elected by all landowners. It was established in 1619 and holds historical significance for being one of the first legislative assemblies in the American colonies, serving as a model for future legislative assemblies, including the United States Congress.

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Which of the following describes the spread of feudalism? Select all that apply.

stopped with Europe
continued on into present times
moved from Europe into the rest of the world
brought an interdependency among different classes of society
moved from continental Europe to England and stopped there
made it possible for knights to gain property

Answers

Hello!

.

The following describes the spread of feudalism.

(D) brought an interdependency among different classes of society

(E) moved from continental Europe to England and stopped there

(F) made it possible for knights to gain property

:)



the answer is 4, 5 and 6

In the early 18th century the agriculture revolution in Great Britain resulted in urbanization because

Answers

the correct answer is urbanization because "(3) displaced rural workers migrated to find jobs".

In the early 18th century the agriculture revolution in Great Britain resulted in urbanization because displaced rural workers migrated to find jobs. Hence, option C is correct.

What is rural workers?

In a rural area, fewer people live and work together, and they are separated by considerable distances. Agriculture is typically the dominant economic sector in rural areas. The vast majority of people live or work on farms or ranches. Rural areas often contain small towns, villages, hamlets, and other communities.

Historically, it has been used to refer to the population outside of towns with 1,000 or less inhabitants. The current definition of census rural refers to the population outside of settlements with less than 1,000 inhabitants and a population density below 400 per square kilometer.

The process of raising the standard of living and financial security of those who live in rural, frequently remote, and sparsely populated areas is known as rural development.

Thus, option C is correct.

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The options are missing-

(1) enslaved persons replaced free laborers on farms

(2) factory work strengthened extended families

(3) displaced rural workers migrated to find jobs

(4) the middle class decreased in size

When the Constitution was first ratified, men who did not own property could not vote. Later amendments to the Constitution have affected Americans' participation in government. Amendment 24 ensures that A. slavery is abolished B. women are included as citizens C. even people who are not wealthy can vote D. people of all races can vote
PLZZ HURRY

Answers

The answer to this problem would be C. even people who are not wealthy can vote

Answer:

It is c

Explanation:

poor people can vote to

Who was Niccolo Machiavelli and what did he believe Italy’s princes needed to be able to do?

Answers

Nicolás Machiavelli was a diplomat, civil servant, political philosopher and Italian writer, considered father of modern Political Science. He was also a relevant figure of the Italian Renaissance. His thinking translates the philosophical tradition of ancient political thought in which political practice is overshadowed by the idealization of governments and utopian cities.

Machiavelli states that the actual exercise of politics involves real situations with real men and peoples, whose behavior, decisions and actions, usually do not necessarily respond to morality but to the laws of power

Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian diplomat, politician, philosopher and writer. He lived during the Renaissance period. He is often called the "father" of modern political science. He served as an official in the Florentine Republic for many years.

His most famous work is titled "The Prince" and was wrote in 1513. Here, Machiavelli describes dishonesty, immoral behavior and the killing of innocent people as being effective tools in politics and encourages the reader to act under these principles whenever it is needed.


What does king affonso believe has caused his vassals to become disobedient?

Answers

Answer:

In 1490, the Portuguese changed over the child of a Kongo ruler to Christianity and afterward helped him take his dad's position of royalty. The new ruler, conceived Amazing Embalm, was renamed Alfonso.  

Explanation:

we can't figure how extraordinary the harm is, since the said shippers are taking each day our locals, children of the land and the children of our aristocrats and vassals and our relatives. The criminals and men of awful still, small voice get them wishing to have the things and products of this Kingdom which they are driven of; they snatch them and persuade them to be sold. Thus incredible, Sir, is the debasement and licentiousness. that our nation is by and large totally terminated, and your Highness ought not concur with this nor acknowledge it as in your administration.

Answer:

The vassals don't need the king, they are self sufficient, is the right answer.

Explanation:

King Afonso ruled the kingdom of Kongo. He was the first of a lineage of Portuguese vassal rulers that continued until the early phase of the 20th century.

In the context of the feudal system that emerged in medieval Europe, a vassal is an individual considered as having a shared commitment to the ruler or lord. The mutual agreement includes military support to the ruler by these vessels in exchange for some rights. However, in the case of King Afonso, when his vessels become disobedient, he regarded the main reason for this as his vessels don't need the king, they are self-sufficient.

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Select the functions that have a value of -1. sin180 cos180 tan180 csc180 sec180 cot180 solve the proportion t+4 / t-2 = 1/4 Please Help Which element provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters A laboratory technician needs to make a 117-liter batch of a 20% acid solution. How can the laboratory technician combine a batch of an acid solution that is pure acid with another that is 10% to get the desired concentration? Me gusta tomar caf con pan para el ____________________. Susan's uncle from Japan promised to give her 41 g of gold. The local jewelry exchange will buy gold for $1286 per ounce. As you sit in front of a computer, which of the following is exerting the greatest gravitational force of attraction on you?A. EarthB. Your classmate across the room that you've had your eye onC. Your computerD. Your chair Which is a definition of a ray What list describes the diet of an omnivore? Mice and rabbits Rabbits and insects Fish and insects Fish and berries Which of the following can be used to represent three-dimensional space on paper?a mirrorgraph paperlinear perspectivecharcoal drawings Based on the pH tolerance level data in the chart, an appropriate research topic that would lead to valid conclusions would be represented by ALL BUT one of the research questions. That is:A)Would a buffering solution increase the life span of frogs?B)What animal life forms seem most resistant to change in pH?C)How does a change in temperature affect the reproduction of crayfish?D)What is the effect of acid rain on animal life within a closed system? what forces of molecular attraction is weakest?A. Dipole interactionB. DispersionC. Hydrogen bond D. Single covalent bond Which type of food is most beneficial to your health according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? calorie-dense food sugar-dense food sodium-dense food nutrient-dense food What is the best example of imagery?A.the handsome stranger walked with a sprightly step and his eyes sparkled and he even seemed to glow with a soft light.B.the sun looked hard at scarfacePlz help Teeth patterns in animals and thorns in plants are examples of characteristics which a taxonomist might observe for keying. True or False PLS ANSWER QUICKLY IM ON A QUIZ!!"An additional reason for the inconclusive nature of the Amendment's history with respect to segregated schools is the status of public education at that time. In the South, the movement toward free common schools, supported by general taxation, had not yet taken hold. Education of white children was largely in the hands of private groups. Education of Negroes was almost nonexistent, and practically all of the race were illiterate. In fact, any education of Negroes was forbidden by law in some states. Today, in contrast, many Negroes have achieved outstanding success in the arts and sciences, as well as in the business and professional world. It is true that public school education at the time of the Amendment had advanced further in the North, but the effect of the Amendment on Northern States was generally ignored in the congressional debates. Even in the North, the conditions of public education did not approximate those existing today. The curriculum was usually rudimentary; ungraded schools were common in rural areas; the school term was but three months a year in many states, and compulsory school attendance was virtually unknown. As a consequence, it is not surprising that there should be so little in the history of the Fourteenth Amendment relating to its intended effect on public education."The Fourteenth Amendment stresses that anyone born or naturalized in the United States is a citizen and cannot be deprived of their rights. Which detail from the passage supports the courts reason for not using previous rulings on effects of the Fourteenth Amendment to decide this case? The 14th Amendment specifies that people of different races should be segregated in public schools. In the North, both white children and African American children were educated equally. The 14th Amendments impact on public education was not addressed in previous cases. In the South, the 14th Amendment was thought to cover the private education of white children. A heat transfer of 9.8 105 J is required to convert a block of ice at -12C to water at 12C. What was the mass of the block of ice? i have a math question it is... what is g - 3/7 = 2/7 ? how are ionic and covalent bonds different from hydrogen bonds?