Write a program whose input is two integers and whose output is the two integers swapped.

Ex: If the input is:

3 8
then the output is:

8 3
Your program must define and call a function. SwapValues returns the two values in swapped order.
void SwapValues(int* userVal1, int* userVal2)

#include

/* Define your function here */

int main(void) {

/* Type your code here. Your code must call the function. */

return 0;

Answer:

Following are the program in the Python Programming Language:

def countLetter(words):

   #set dictionary

 di = {}

 for i in words: #set for loop

 #if key exists in di or not

   if di.get(i):

 #if exists count increased

     di[i] += 1

   else: #otherwise assign with key

     di[i] = 1

   # return di

 return di

def main():

 #get input from the user

 words = input("Enter the word: ")

 #store the output in function

 letter = countLetter(words)

 #set for loop

 for i in letter:

   print(i, ":", letter[i])  #print output with :

#call main method

if __name__ == "__main__":

 main()

Explanation:

Here, we define the function "countLetter()" and pass the argument "words" in parameter and inside it.

Then, we define the function "main()" inside it.

Finally, we call the main method.

Answer:

The answer are letters D and E.

Explanation:

Because, Flip-flops use less power than latches, so their use is important for optimizing battery life.  Flip-flops will never change state more than once per clock cycle, which is essential for designs like finite state machines where the outputs of the machine feed back into the inputs.

Answer:

Wide area network (WAN)

Explanation:

The WAN network is a type of network that covers distances of about 100 to about 1,000 kilometers, allowing to provide connectivity to several cities or even an entire country. WAN networks can be developed by a company or an organization for private use, or even by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) to provide connectivity to all its customers. Generally, the WAN network operates point to point, so it can be defined as a switched packet network. These networks, on the other hand, can use radio or satellite communication systems.

Answer:

a.) k² - 3k + 3

b.) 1/(1 - k)²

c.) [tex]k^{2}  - 3k + 3 * \frac{1}{(1 - k)^{2} }\\\\= \frac{k^{2} - 3k + 3 }{(1-k)^{2} }[/tex]

Explanation:

a.) A packet can make 1,2 or 3 hops

probability of 1 hop = k  ...(1)

probability of 2 hops = k(1-k)  ...(2)

probability of 3 hops = (1-k)²...(3)

Average number of probabilities = (1 x prob. of 1 hop) + (2 x prob. of 2 hops) + (3 x prob. of 3 hops)

                                                       = (1 × k) + (2 × k × (1 - k)) + (3 × (1-k)²)

                                                       = k + 2k - 2k² + 3(1 + k² - 2k)

∴mean number of hops                = k² - 3k + 3

b.) from (a) above, the mean number of hops when transmitting a packet is k² - 3k + 3

if k = 0 then number of hops is 3

if k = 1 then number of hops is (1 - 3 + 3) = 1

multiple transmissions can be needed if K is between 0 and 1

The probability of successful transmissions through the entire path is (1 - k)²

for one transmission, the probility of success is (1 - k)²

for two transmissions, the probility of success is 2(1 - k)²(1 - (1-k)²)

for three transmissions, the probility of success is 3(1 - k)²(1 - (1-k)²)² and so on

∴ for transmitting a single packet, it makes:

     ∞                             n-1

T = ∑ n(1 - k)²(1 - (1 - k)²)

    n-1

   = 1/(1 - k)²

c.) Mean number of required packet = ( mean number of hops when transmitting a packet × mean number of transmissions by a packet)

from (a) above, mean number of hops when transmitting a packet =  k² - 3k + 3

from (b) above, mean number of transmissions by a packet = 1/(1 - k)²

substituting: mean number of required packet =  [tex]k^{2}  - 3k + 3 * \frac{1}{(1 - k)^{2} }\\\\= \frac{k^{2} - 3k + 3 }{(1-k)^{2} }[/tex]

A packet makes on average (2-p) hops per transmission, with the mean number of transmissions being 1/((1-p)^2), and hence hops required per received packet being (2-p)/((1-p)^2).

Mean Number of Hops and Transmissions for Datagram Networks

To find the mean number of hops per transmission, consider that there are 4 hops possible (source to source router, source router to destination router, destination router to destination, and destination to destination router in the case of a retry). Assuming a retry only occurs when a packet is dropped, and each router has a probability p of dropping a packet, we have, on average, 1 successful hop from source to source router, and with probability 1-p, 1 successful hop from source router to destination router. Therefore, the mean number of hops per transmission would be 1 + (1-p) = 2-p.

For part (b), the number of transmissions a packet makes can be modeled as a geometric distribution with the probability of success being (1-p)^2, since a packet must successfully pass both routers. The mean number of transmissions is the reciprocal of this probability, 1/((1-p)^2).

Part (c) is a combination of parts (a) and (b): it is the product of the mean number of hops per transmission and the mean number of transmissions required for a packet to be successfully received, which equals (2-p)/((1-p)^2).

Answer:

The best answer would be

Explanation:

To access this command ...

Select the Format tab - Properties - Paragraph properties - Bleeds and spaces

Answer:

import re

#section 1

while True:

   try:

       major=input('Enter Major: ')

       if re.search(r'^\d{1,4}$',major):

           minor=input('Enter minor: ')

       else:

           raise

       try:

           if re.search(r'^\d{1,4}$',minor):

               sub1=input('Enter sub1: ')

           else:

               raise

           try:

               if re.search(r'^\d{1,4}$',sub1):

                   sub2=input('Enter sub2: ')

               else:

                   raise

               try:

                   if re.search(r'^\d{1,4}$',sub2):

                       break

                   else:

                       raise

               except:

                   print('enter a correct sub 2')

           except:

               print('enter a correct sub1')        

       except:

           print('Enter a correct minor ')            

   except:

        print('enter a correct Major')

#section 2

sub1= f"{int(sub1):04d}"

sub2= f"{int(sub2):04d}"

major= f"{int(major):04d}"

minor= f"{int(minor):04d}"

if major == '0000' and minor == '0000' and sub1=='0000' and sub2=='0000':

   print('INVALID!!! Acount Number')

else:

   print('-----------------------')

   print('Your Account Number is')

   print(major, minor, sub1, sub2)

   print('-----------------------')

Explanation:

The programming language used is python 3

The Regular  Expression Module was imported to allow us perform special operations on string variables.

This is the pattern that was used to check if an input was valid or invalid re.search(r'^\d{1,4}$',string)

what this pattern does is that it ensures that:

we also made use of fstrings

sub1= f"{int(sub1):04d}"

the above line of code takes 'sub1' in this case, and converts it temporarily to an integer and ensures it has a length of 4 by adding 0's in front of it to convert it to a four digit number.

These are the major though areas, but i'll explain the sections too.

#section 1

In this section the WHILE loop is used in conjunction with the TRY and EXCEPT block and the IF statement to ensure that the correct input is given.

The while loop will keep looping until the correct input is inserted  before it breaks and each input is tested in the try and except block using the if statement and the regular expression pattern I explained, as a result, you cannot input a letter, a blank space, a punctuation or numbers with length greater than 4, it has to be numbers within the range of 1-4.

#section 2

The second section converts each entry to a four digit number and checks with an if statement if the entry is all zeros (0000 0000 0000 0000) and prints invalid.

Otherwise, it prints the account number.

check the attachment to see how the script runs.

Answer:

if(Character.toUpperCase(firstLetter)==Character.toUpperCase(userInput.charAt(0)))

Explanation:

The given source code is an illustration of characters and strings in Java program.

To complete the code segment, the comment /* Your solution goes here */ in the program, should be replaced with any of the following expressions:

Using the first instruction above

So, the complete code (where comments are used to explain each line) is as follows:

//This imports the Scanner library

import java.util.Scanner;

//This defines the program class

public class Main {

//This defines the program method

public static void main (String [] args) {

//This creates a Scanner object

Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);

//This declares variables userInput and firstLetter

String userInput; char firstLetter;

//This gets input for userInput

userInput = scnr.nextLine();

//This gets input for firstLetter

firstLetter = scnr.nextLine().charAt(0);

//This checks if the first letter of userInput matches with variable firstLetter

if (Character.toUpperCase(firstLetter)==Character.toUpperCase(userInput.charAt(0))){

//If yes, found match is printed

System.out.println( "Found match: "+firstLetter); }

else{

//If otherwise, no match is printed

System.out.println("No match: "+ firstLetter);

}

}

}//Program ends here

See attachment for the complete code and the sample run

Read more about java programs at:

https://brainly.com/question/2266606

Answer:

(D) Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

Explanation:

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a networking protocol developed by Microsoft that provides a graphical user interface to another computer. This enables the remote user to interact with the machine as if they were working on it locally. The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) on the other hand, is a cryptographic protocol used in internet security. Then Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) and Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) are computer networking protocol used when configuring and setting up Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) which allows a user to access a private network through a public network.

Two Python functions are defined: sumN to compute the sum of the first n natural numbers, and sumN_Cubes to compute the sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers. A user is then prompted to input a number 'n', and the program prints out the results of both functions.

Defining Sum Functions in Python

To start with, let's define the two functions as described. The first function sumN will calculate the sum of the first n natural numbers. The second function sumN Cubes will calculate the sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers. Then we will use these functions in a program that prompts the user for an input and prints out the results.

Here are the Python definitions:

def sumN(n):
   return sum(range(1, n+1))
def sumN_Cubes(n):
   return sum(x**3 for x in range(1, n+1))
n = int(input('Enter a number n: '))
print(f'Sum of the first {n} natural numbers is: {sumN(n)}')
print(f'Sum of the cubes of the first {n} natural numbers is: {sumN_Cubes(n)}')

The program first defines the functions using the def keyword. Then it prompts the user to enter a number and stores it as n. Lastly, it calculates and prints the results using the defined functions.a

Answer:

A friend asks you for help writing a computer program to calculate the square yards of carpet needed for a dorm room. The statement "the living room floor is rectangular" is an example of a(n) assumption . The length and width of the room are examples of known information, which you can obtain as input from the user.

Explanation:

The given question is a Problem statement.

Problem statement can be defined as the brief description of an issue that needs to be focused in order to reach the require goal.

So the parts that a problem statement may have include:

So the attributes to be filled into blanks of given statement are assumption, known, input.

i hope it will help you!

Answer:

easy. i've done this with my family before. take a bike or skateboard to the park with your family. maybe invite some friends over, or just spend the day at their house. this is obviously a good time to finish any home-work if you have any left. you can make a few extra bucks by doing some extra chores done (just make sure to tell your parents about it first;)). i hate not having technology, but i mean it's not the end of the world.

Explanation:

Nowadays, we rely on technology heavily. Because of this, it can be difficult to imagine what we would do without it. However, avoiding technology for a few days can be an enriching experience.

There are many things that you can do with your family without the use of technology. For example, if you are at a different location and there is nature around, you can go camping. You can make a fire to cook, swim, look at the stars and hike. If you are in the city, you can go to a park and read, or play a sport. You can also take advantage of this experience to talk more to your family and get to know them better.

Answer:

Following are the Program in the Java Programming Language.

//define class

public class Main

{

//define function to merge and sort array

public static int[] sort_Array(int[] a, int[] b)

{

//set integer variable and initialize values

int x = 0, y = 0, k = 0, num = 0;

int n = a.length;

int n1 = b.length;

//set integer type array

int[] ar = new int[n+n1];

//set while loop

while (x<n && y <n1)

{

num++;

num++;

//set if conditional statement

if (a[x] > b[y])

ar[k++] = a[x++];

else

ar[k++] = b[y++];

num++;

}

//set the while loop

while (x < n)

{

num++;

ar[k++] = a[x++];

}

//set the while loop

while (y < n1)

{

num++;

ar[k++] = b[y++];

}

//print the total compares done

System.out.println("Number of compares done: " + n);

//return array

return ar;

}

//define main method

public static void main(String[] args)

{

//declaration and the initialization of array

int[] a = new int[]{18,16, 15, 6, 2};

int[] b = new int[]{13, 12, 11, 7, 1};

int[] ar;

//call function

ar = sort_Array(a, b);

//print message

System.out.println("\nThe resultant array is: \n");

//set for loop to print array

for(int x=0; x<ar.length; x++)

{

System.out.print(ar[x] + " ");

}

}

}

Output:

Number of compares done: 5

The resultant array is:

18 16 15 13 12 11 7 6 2 1

Explanation:

Here, we define a class "Main" inside the class, define a function "sort_Array()"and pass two integer type array argument "a" and "b".

Finally, define the main method inside it, we set two integer type array variable and initialize elements in them then, set the for loop to print the sorted elements of the array.

Answer:

The correct option is Option C: It matches a new problem with a previously solved problem and its solution.

Explanation:

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is used when someone tries to solve new problems based on old problems that were similar. The person applying case-based reasoning would look for the solutions to these similar past problems and try to apply them to the new case. For example, a doctor who tries to treat a patient based on what was successful with a prior patient with a similar problem is applying case-based reasoning. In some instances, these problems are available in a database and ideally, that is how it is conceived, but it would depend on the field and the kind of problems. There is no universal global network dedicated to CBR as a whole (other than generic searches on the internet in general). One example of a specific CBR database is the European Nuclear Preparedness system called PREPARE.

Answer:

2. It refers to broadband service provided via light-transmitting fiber-oprtics cables.

Explanation:

FTTH (which stands for Fiber-To-The-Home) is actually only one of the many similar services available, which all are identified by the acronym FTTx, where X, can be one of the following:

H = Home

C= Curb

B = Building

N= Neighborhood

This type of services are given on an all-passive network, composed only by fiber optic cables and passive splitters, carrying the broadband signal over one single fiber directly to the user, employing wave division multiplexing over a single mode fiber, in the 1310/1550/1625 nm range.

Answer:

lst = []

multiple = []

num = int(input('How many numbers: '))

multipleOf = int(input('Enter the number to multiply with: '))

for n in range(num):

 lst.append(n)

 numbers = n * multipleOf

 multiple.append(numbers)

print("elements in given list is :", lst)

print("multiple in given list is :", multiple)

Explanation:

User will enter the number and then enter the number to multiply that list.

Answer:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

   float altitude;

   cout<<"Enter alttitude in meter";

cin >>altitude;

if(altitude<0 || altitude > 50000)

{

   cout<<"Invalid value entered";

   return 0;

}

else{

   if(altitude<= 10000)

   {cout <<"In troposphere "<<endl;}

   else if(altitude>10000 && altitude<=30000)

   {cout <<"In lower stratosphere"<<endl;}

   else if(altitude>30000 && altitude<=50000)

   {cout <<"In upper stratosphere"<<endl;}

}

   return 0;

}

Explanation:

Define a float type variable. Ask user to enter altitude in meters. Store value to altitude variable.

Now check if value entered is positive and less than 5000,if its not in the range of 0-50,000 display a termination message and exit else check if it's in less than 10000, in between 10000 and 30000 or in between 30000 and 50000.

10,000 is above sea level is troposphere.

10,000-30,000 is lower stratosphere.

30,000-50,000 is upper stratosphere.

Answer:

Explanation:

Let's do this in Python. We know that the formula for the centripetal force caused by whirling the mass is:

[tex]F = m\frac{v^2}{r}[/tex]

where v is the speed (1, 10, 20, 40) and r = 3 m is the rope length.

Then we can use for loop to try calculating the tension force of each speed

def maximum_speed(m):

    for speed in [1, 10, 20, 40]:

         tension_force = m*speed^2/3

         if tension_force > 60:

              return speed

    return speed

Answer:

The answer is Letter A.

Explanation:

Allow residents to install groins.

The best solution to quickly resolve rapid beach erosion in a small tourist town, for residents and visitors, is option D: Invest in beach nourishment.

By choosing beach nourishment, the town directly addresses the loss or lack of sand which is the primary cause of erosion. This method supplements natural processes, augments the beach with additional sand, and is more adaptable to changes in coastal processes. Structures such as groins, breakwaters, and jetties often lead to disruptions in longshore drift, causing sediment buildup on one side but exacerbating erosion on the other, leading to a cycle of continuous construction. The benefit of this "soft" solution is its ability to maintain a natural and recreational beachfront without creating lee-side erosion. Sand nourishment thus provides a more sustainable and less intrusive solution compared to hard structures that can disrupt the natural sediment movement and potentially cause more problems in adjacent areas.

Answer:

Option C. The path from start to finish that passes through all the tasks that are critical to completing the project in the shortest amount of time

is the correct answer.

Explanation:

I hope it will help you!

Answer:

Following are the output of the given question

3 4 6 8

Explanation:

In the following code, firstly, we have declare two integer data type "X" and "Y".

Finally, all the conditions of the loop become false and the program will terminate.

Answer:

1. INTERSECT

Explanation:

Intersection is the set operator that gives us the information which is common to both tables. In this case the query will be:

SELECT firstname, lastname, phone FROM Customers

INTERSECT

SELECT firstname, lastname, phone FROM Employees;

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

the dark net also known as the dark web is a net for criminals

Answer:

Up to 99.99958% safer

Explanation:

Assuming the attacker knows the password restrictions (upper and lower case letters and digits only)

Lets calculate the password combinations for each possible length:

Total characters possible: [a-z]+[A-Z]+[0-9] = 62

(A) Passwords of length = 8  ->  [tex]62^8=218,340,105,584,896[/tex]

(B) Passwords of length = 7  ->  [tex]62^7=3,521,614,606,208[/tex]

(C) Passwords of length = 6  ->  [tex]62^6=56,800,235,584[/tex]

(D) Passwords of length = 5  ->  [tex]62^5=916,132,832[/tex]

If length is not known, but between 5 and 8:

(E) Passwords of length = [5-8] ->  

[tex]\sum_{5 \to 8} 62^{n} = \frac{62^9-62^5}{62-1}=221,919,436,559,520[/tex]

Finally, to compare how much safer is to keep the password length hidden, we'll calculate the percentage of (A) to (D) passwords against (E)

The formulas are:  

[tex]1-\frac{(A)}{(E)} *100 = 1.61\% safer[/tex]

[tex]1-\frac{(B)}{(E)} *100 = 98.41\% safer[/tex]

[tex]1-\frac{(C)}{(E)} *100 = 99.97\% safer[/tex]

[tex]1-\frac{(D)}{(E)} *100 = 99.99958\% safer[/tex]

Answer:

int is-prime-number(int P){

if (Q == 1) {

     return 1;

} else{

      if (P%Q == 0){

          return 0;

        } else {

           Q = Q - 1;

           is-prime-number(P);

         }

 }

}            

Explanation:

Final answer:

To find all .conf files in the /etc directory, use the find command and redirect the output to a file. Knowledge of navigating directories and handling file permissions is also applicable.

Explanation:

The student has asked for assistance in searching for configuration files in the directory /etc, including all of its subdirectories, that end with the .conf extension. To accomplish this task, one can use the find command in a Unix-based system. Here's an example of how this command can be structured:

find /etc -type f -name "*.conf" > s9

This command will search for all files (-type f) within the /etc directory and its subdirectories that match the name pattern (-name "*.conf") and redirect the output to a file named s9. The student is also advised on how to navigate directories using both absolute and relative paths and how to handle any 'Permission Denied' errors that may occur during the execution of the find command.

Furthermore, it is important to note that file permissions, as per Unix file system conventions, may prevent certain directories from being accessible to non-root users.

Answer:

Code to the answer is shown in the explanation section

Explanation:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Question {

   public static void main(String args[]) {

     Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

     System.out.println("Please enter the days of the month: ");

     int daysOfMonth = scan.nextInt();

     int minuteOfMonth = daysOfMonth * 60 * 24;

     System.out.println(minuteOfMonth);

   }

}

// 60 represents the number of minutes in one hour

// 24 represents the number of hours in a day

Answer:

The program to this question can be given as:

Program:

import java.util.*; //import package

public class Main //define class main.

{

public static void main(String[] args) //define main method.

{

ArrayList<String> AL1 = new ArrayList<>(); //create ArrayList object AL1.

LinkedList<String> LL2 = new LinkedList<>(); //create LinkedList object LL2.

AL1.addAll(Arrays.asList("Bihar","Andhra Pradesh","Assam","Chhattisgarh","Arunachal Pradesh","Goa","west bangol","Gujarat","Jharkhand","Karal"));//add elements in ArrayList

LL2.addAll(Arrays.asList("Bihar","Andhra Pradesh","Assam","Chhattisgarh","Arunachal Pradesh","Goa","west bangol","Gujarat","Jharkhand","Karal"));//add elements in LinkedList

Collections.sort(AL1); //sort ArrayList

Collections.sort(LL2); //sort LinkedList

System.out.println("Sorting in ArrayList and LinkedList elements :");

System.out.println("ArrayList :\n" +AL1);

System.out.println("LinkedList :\n"+LL2);

Collections.shuffle(AL1); //shuffle ArrayList

Collections.shuffle(LL2); //shuffle LinkedList

System.out.println("shuffling in ArrayList and LinkedList elements :");

System.out.println("shuffle ArrayList:\n"+AL1);

System.out.println("shuffle LinkedList:\n"+LL2);

}

}

Output:

Sorting in ArrayList and LinkedList elements :

ArrayList :

[Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karal, west bangol]

LinkedList :

[Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karal, west bangol]

shuffling in ArrayList and LinkedList elements :

shuffle ArrayList:

[Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Goa, west bangol, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karal, Bihar]

shuffle LinkedList:

[Assam, Karal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Goa, Arunachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, west bangol, Chhattisgarh]

Explanation:

In the above java program firstly we import the package then we define the main method in this method we create the ArrayList and LinkedList object that is AL1 and LL2.

In ArrayList and LinkedList we add state names then we use the sort and shuffle function. and print all values.

Answer:

The correct option to the following question is my_array[2] = 45.

Explanation:

Because the offset '8' which used for the subscript 8 divided by 4 which is 2.

So, that's why my_array[2] = 45 is the correct answer to the following question.

An array is the data type in the programming languages which stores the same type of data at a time whether it an integer type or string type.

Answer:

#include <iostream>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ctype.h>

using namespace std;

string

encrypt (string text, int s)

{  string resultingString = "";

 for (int i = 0; i < text.length (); i++)

   {      if (!isspace (text[i]))

{

  if (isupper (text[i]))

    resultingString += char (int (text[i] + s - 65) % 26 + 65);

  else

  resultingString += char (int (text[i] + s - 97) % 26 + 97);

}

     else

{

  resultingString += " ";

}

  }

 return resultingString;

}

string

decrypt (string text, int s)

{

 string resultingString = "";

 for (int i = 0; i < text.length (); i++)

   {

     if (!isspace (text[i]))

{

  if (isupper (text[i]))

    resultingString += char (int (text[i] + s - 65) % 26 + 65);

  else

  resultingString += char (int (text[i] + s - 97) % 26 + 97);

}

     else

{

  resultingString += " ";

}

   }

 return resultingString;

}

string upper(string str){

   for (int i=0;i<str.length();i++){

       str[i]=toupper(str[i]);

   }

   return str;

}

int

main ()

{

 string text = "This is test text string";

 int s = 3;

 string cipherText = "";

 string decipherText = "";

int menu=-1;

while (menu!=3){

   cout<<"1. Encrypt"<<endl;

   cout<<"2. Decrypt"<<endl;

   cout<<"3. Exit"<<endl;

   cin >>menu;

   cin.ignore();

   if(menu==1){

       cout<<"Enter Plain string "<<endl;

       getline(cin,text);

       text=upper(text);

         cipherText = encrypt (text, s);

           cout << "cipher text: " << cipherText << endl;

   }

   else if(menu==2){

       cout<<"Enter Encrypted string "<<endl;

       getline(cin,cipherText);

               cipherText=upper(cipherText);

         decipherText = decrypt (cipherText, 26 - s);

 cout << "decipher text: " << decipherText << endl;

   }

   else {

       cout<<"Not valid"<<endl;

   }

}

 return 0;

}

Explanation:

Display menu with options 1 encrypt, 2 decrypt, 3 exit. Write a function to translate string to upper case. Iterate through string and for each index use toupper function to translate alphabet to upper case and store it back to current index of string.On exiting from loop return string. Pass upper case string to encrypt function.

In encrypt function pass string by reference and shift value. Create an empty string resultingString. Iterate through string for each character check if its space, if its a space add it to resulting string otherwise using ascii values convert char to its ascii add shift value and subtract 65 (staring ascii value for capital alphabet) take modules with 26 for new character and than add 65 to get alphabet.Now add this alphabet to resulting string. Upon loop completion return resultingString.

For decryption use same function as encryption. We are using cyclic property to decrypt using same function therefor subtract shift from 26 and pass resulting shift value to decrypt function.

Answer:

Following is the code for filter:

public class filter

{ public static void main(String[] args)

{ int x = StdIn.readInt();

System.out.print(" " + x + " ");

while(!StdIn.isEmpty())

{ int y = StdIn.readInt();

    if(y != x)

          System.out.print(" " + y + " ");

    x = y;

    }

    }

    }

Explanation:

i hope it will help you!

Answer:

Computer

Explanation: