Write a series of paragraphs that shows your knowledge of the following: the biochemical structure of DNA, how DNA replicates, how the DNA structure forms the genetic code, and how that genetic code comes to be expressed as a phenotype.

Answers

Answer 1
The answers are as follows:
1. THE BIOCHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA
The DNA is composed of molecules called nucleotide. Each nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous bases are four in number, they are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. The genetic code of a DNA molecule depend on the manner in which the bases are arranged. It has been reported that the nitrogenous bases in DNA molecules of humans is approximately 3 billion in number. Double stranded DNA is made up of two spiral nucleic acid chains, which are twisted into double helix shape. The DNA is packed into tightly coiled structure called chromatin and are stored in the nucleus of cells. Chromatin usually condense to form chromosomes during cell division.

2. DNA REPLICATION
DNA replication is the biochemical process by which two identical DNA molecules are produced from a single original double stranded DNA parent molecule. This is the basic way by which the DNA molecule makes copies of itself. This process is the basis of inheritance and it occurs in all living organisms. DNA replication is a semi conservative process, this means that, each strand in the double helix DNA acts as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand. The major enzyme that catalyses this process is DNA polymerase and other enzymes that are involved include: DNA ligase, DNA primase, DNA helicase and topoisomerase. 

3. HOW DNA STRUCTURE FORM GENETIC CODE
The genetic code is the route via which the DNA molecule carry genetic information in living cells. The genetic code refers to the rules by which the genetic information that is encoded inside the DNA molecule is translated into different type of proteins by the cells of living organisms. The translation process involves the ribosomes, which links up amino acids in the specific manner specified by messenger RNA. Transfer RNA participate in the process by carrying amino acids and by reading the messenger RNA three nucleotides at a time. In genetic code, a group of three DNA bases, called codon, codes for one particular amino acid. For instance, the codon CGT codes for the amino acid alanine. 

4. HOW GENETIC CODES COME TO BE EXPRESSED AS PHENOTYPE
Phenotype refers to a set of observable features of an individual, that is formed as a result of the interaction of the genotype with the environment. Examples of phenotype are: eye color, hair color, skin colour, nose shape, etc.  The genotype refers to the set of genes in a DNA, which is responsible for a particular trait in a man.The phenotype is the physical expression of that trait. Each gene in living organisms typically code for a particular trait, for exmaple eye color. Each gene have different alleles, which code for the same trait.The allele may be dominant or recessive. The phenotype that will eventually be formed will depend on the whether the alleles are dominants or recessive.


Related Questions

Match the part of the cell to its correct function.
1.
vacuole
2.
cell membrane
3.
cytoplasm
4.
mitochondrion
5.
Golgi body
6.
cell wall
7.
lysosome
8.
chloroplast
9.
endoplasmic reticulum
10.
DNA
11.
ribosome
12.
nucleus
a.
contains instructions on how the cell functions.
b.
controls the activities of the cell.
c.
supports and protects the organelles in the cell.
d.
strong layer around plant cells.
e.
controls what goes in and comes out of a cell.
f.
helps in the production and movement of materials.
g.
packages and distributes materials in and out of cells.
h.
supplies energy that cell uses.
i.
produces proteins for the cell.
j.
converts energy from the sun to food energy.
k.
serves as a temporary storage area for nutrients and waste materials.
l.
breaks down waste materials.

Answers

1. k
2. d
3. c
4. j
5. f
6. e
7. l
8. h
9. g
10. b
11. i
12. a                                                                     
I believe these are all right correct me if I am wrong



The parts of the cell together with their correct functions would be as follows:

Vacuole: serves as a temporary storage area for nutrients and waste materials.Cell membrane: controls what goes in and comes out of a cell.Cytoplasm: supports and protects the organelles in the cell.Mitochondrion: supplies energy that cell uses.Golgi body: packages and distributes materials in and out of cells.Cell wall: strong layer around plant cells.Lysosome: breaks down waste materials.Chroloplast: converts energy from the sun to food energy.Endoplasmic reticulum: helps in the production and movement of materials.DNA: contains instructions on how the cell functions.Ribosome: produces proteins for the cell.Nucleus: controls the activities of the cell.

The cell consists of organelles that are specialized for specific functions. They all work together for the overall function of the cell.

More on the functions of cell organelles can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/13525996

Which of the following is a product of the photosynthesis reaction?
A. lactose
B. fructose
C. glucose
D. carbon dioxide

Answers

The correct answer is C. Glucose

Hope this helps

~ Jordan ~
C is the correct answer!!

What best describes index fossils? Organisms that existed over a limited period . Organisms whose age is hard to detect. Fossils that are used in radioactive dating. Fossils of the most ancient organisms.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

I Big Bran

The statement (a) organisms that existed over a limited period describes index fossils.

What are index fossils?

Index fossils are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods. Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends.

Moreover, index fossils are used to define geological periods. These fossils can be defined as "commonly found, widely distributed fossils that are limited in time span." If one finds an index fossil in a given layer, then one has bounds on the age of the layer. Using index fossils, the geological periods are defined.

Therefore, a good index fossil is one with four characteristics: it is distinctive, widespread, abundant, and limited in geologic time. Because most fossil-bearing rocks formed in the ocean, the major index fossils are marine organisms.

Learn more about index fossils:

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Which strand of mrna has the bases guanine-adenine-cytosine. Which amino acid corresponds to these bases
A- gln
B- Asp
C- Arg
D- cys

Answers

The answer to this question is b ASP

Answer:

The answer is: B- Asp.

Explanation:

Aspartic acid, symbols Asp, in RNA is encoded by the GAU or GAC codons.

The answer is: B- Asp.

What human activity is most responsible for the damage to the ozone layer? A) The use of freon and CFC spray propellants. B) Deforestation and interruption of the water cycle. C) The contamination of groundwater with mercury and PCBs. Eliminate D) Burning of fossil fuels and the subsequent creation of acid rain.

Answers

the correct answer is a

Answer: A) The use of freon and CFC spray propellants.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are compounds  that are used as propellents in the spray cans and in refrigerators. These are manufactured under the trade name of Freon. Freon is a CFC that contains fluoride as a main ingredient. These CFCs are released in the atmosphere and they accumulate in the stratospheric layer. The ozone layer is present in the stratosphere shields the Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays. The CFC molecules breaks down by the ultra violet radiations. The released chlorine atoms or fluorine atoms reacts with the ozone molecules resulting in the removal of ozone layer from the stratosphere. This is called as ozone layer depletion.  

The spin of a planet or moon as seen form above a planets pole is called its _______.

Answers

Final answer:

The spin of a planet or moon as seen from above a planet's pole is termed its rotation, which occurs around an imaginary line called the axis.

Explanation:

The spin of a planet or moon as seen from above a planet's pole is called its rotation. When we think of the Earth, for example, we can imagine a line passing through the center of the planet that goes through both the North Pole and the South Pole. This imaginary line is known as the axis. The movement of Earth around its axis, reminiscent of how a top spins around its spindle, is what we refer to as the Earth's rotation.

Every planet and moon in our solar system undergoes this spinning movement, which plays a crucial role in defining day and night cycles on these celestial bodies. The position of the axis in relation to the celestial sphere also influences the visibility of stars and other celestial objects from the Earth's surface, with the axis pointing towards the celestial poles.

The mere exposure effect _____.

causes people to dislike things they are familiar with
is a bias against familiar things
can cause people to reject unfamiliar things
happens when familiar things are selectively ignored

Answers

The mere exposure effect causes people to dislike things they are familiar with.

Answer:

can cause people to reject unfamiliar things

Explanation:

Mere-exposure effect is a concept in psychology which explains the effect of exposure to a particular thing, situation or person. According to it people tend to get comfortable around things they are exposed to more. This can lead them to reject other alternative options. The effect has been observed in various instances like paintings, sounds, Chinese characters etc. With respect to human relationship it means the more a person is exposed to someone, the more they like them. Mere exposure effect can lead to development of aversion to unfamiliar things in people.

What is the difference between NAD+ and NADH

Answers

NAD+ is the abbreviated symbol for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. It is a coenzyme present in biological systems. NAD+ is involved in the metabolism specifically in redox reactions. It accepts electrons from other molecules and become reduced.
NADH is the reduced form of NAD+. Similar to NAD+, NADH also participates in metabolic processes when reduction is necessary. When NADH reduces a compound, it gets oxidized to NAD+.

A genetic mutation occurs in a rabbit's muscle cell. This genetic mutation will be passed on to A. the cells of the rabbit's offspring. B. cells that are produced when the mutant cell divides. C. the cells that are next to the mutant muscle cell. D. the existing cells in the rabbit's body.

Answers

A genetic mutation in a rabbit's muscle cell will be passed on to cells that are produced when the mutant cell divides, as somatic cells, like muscle cells, transmit their genetic information to their daughter cells through mitosis. The correct answer is option B).

If a genetic mutation occurs in a rabbit's muscle cell, which is a type of somatic cell, the correct answer to where this mutation will be passed on is to B. cells that are produced when the mutant cell divides. This is because somatic cells divide through a process called mitosis, where genetic information is copied, or replicated, and passed on to the daughter cells.

It is important to note that the mutation will not be passed on to the rabbit's offspring (Option A) because it is not in a germ cell (i.e., sperm or egg cells), which are involved in reproduction. Mutation transmission to the cells next to the mutant cell (Option C) or to existing cells in the rabbit's body (Option D) does not happen because these cells do not receive DNA from the mutated cell directly.

A mutation occurs in a percentage of male birds that causes them to develop dull coloring. Out of 52 dull-colored birds, 13 birds successfully mated. Based on these numbers, what’s the probability that an individual dull-colored bird will successfully mate? The probability that an individual dull-colored bird will successfully mate is percent.

Answers

Probability of an individual dull-colored bird mating successfully equals the number of birds that successfully mated divided by the total number of birds


The answer is 25%    





Answer:

25

Explanation:

Within a species of short, ground-dwelling animals, two parents produced a group of offspring that were 1 cm taller than they were. These offspring were able to reach slightly higher vegetation than their parents and other members of the species. When the offspring grew up, they produced new offspring who were also slightly taller and could also reach the higher vegetation. This process continued over several generations such that offspring became gradually taller with time. Eventually, after many generations, all members of the species were at least 20 cm taller than the original two parents that produced the slightly taller offspring. What does this illustrate? A. Ground-dwelling animals would survive better if they evolve to be shorter. B. Slight differences between parents and offspring can eventually result in future generations that are very different from their ancestors. C. Biological change does not apply to ground-dwelling animals. D. Only major differences between parents and offspring can result in future generations that are very different from their ancestors.

Answers

Hello,

The answer is option B "Slight differences between parents and offspring can eventually result in future generations that are very different from their ancestors".

Reason:

The answer is option B because its not option A because the animals getting taller would help them reach their food, and help them move faster. Its not option C because Biological change applies to all animals. Its also not option D because half of the chromosomes from both the dad and the mom goes to the offspring therefore there wouldn't be any main differences besides the height. Therefore the answer is B because it seems to be the best fit for this question.

If you need anymore help feel free to ask me!

Hope this helps!

~Nonportrit

how can pollutants like rat poison (liquid) transfer from a city to the ocean

Answers

Hi there!

The answer is  The liquid pollutant can evaporate into a vapor, and the vapor can change position and condense or rain on the ocean. 

Hope this helps!!

-Payshence xoxo

Which process is neither an energy efficient or environmentally 'friendly' activity?

Answers

Hi! Your correct answer would be:

The de-salinization of ocean water for human consumption.

Hope I helped, tell me if I'm wrong!

Answer:

Option-

De-salinization of ocean water

Explanation:

Why?

A process which will be more costly a terms of energy consumption, men work, and is neither efficient or environmentally 'friendly' is obtaining clean amount of water to drinking purposes from the ocean or sea water. As the process will require more machinery and it will be much costly for the public to purchase.

Alternatives!:

The drinkable water or fresh amount required for a spending a healthy life can be obtained from any river or clean reservoir around the region, so, why waste time and money, along with the most important factor energy.

Blue jays and robins do not interbreed. Assuming the blue jays and robins share the same habitat, describe the possible conditions that keep these birds repoductivly isolated. Explain your answer.

Answers

The are many behavioural and physiological factors that would prevent different species from mating. Birds in particular have complex mating behaviour, including particular plumage, mating calls and nest constructions. It is therefore highly unlikely that two birds of different species would be found compatible for mating with each other. There may also be physiological barriers to prevent mating, such as incompatible genital organs. 

Investigators studied the effect of temperature on the rate of biological enzyme action. The experimental data is summarized in the graph. The investigators concluded that the enzyme works best at human body temperature. What part of the data validates their conclusion? A) The graph peaks at 37°C and dips beyond this point. B) The graph shows an exponential rise in reaction velocity. C) The graph shows that the reaction is complete at 60°C. D) The reaction is seen for temperatures between 0°C and 60°C.

Answers

I believe it is A.

but I would have to see the graph to be sure

A) The graph peaks at 37°C and dips beyond this point.

will mark brainlist and give highest points for answer

Answers

1) the right atrium
2)the right venticle and the left venticle
3)the blood is pumped out of the heart are greater pressure from these Chambers compared to the atria
4)the left venticle has to pump blood all the way around the body but the right venticle has to pump it to the lungs

Which of the following measurements is used to compare the difference between objects in the solar system?

Answers

Where is the picture or options

Which statements correct

Answers

The correct answer is C. Here's why: 

Choice A is illogical. A single experiment does not confirm a theory as true. Multiple successful trials are needed for one to even consider a hypothesis to be accepted as a theory. 

Choice B is wrong. If a scientist finds a new way to test a hypothesis, experimental methods do change. Note that when there are additional ways to test a hypothesis, a scientist should test it with additional methods. 

Choice D is incorrect. If someone finds a way to test a new hypothesis, it would not be made into law since there is more information regarding the theory. This means that it would remain a theory until one can prove that it can't be tested using different methods.
The answer I think is right is C

Which phrase best describes the usual form and function of a flowers sepal

A. Has a long slender stalk to make the pollen accessible

B. Is leaf-like and protects the developing flower

C. Is the tube-like pathway used by the pollen to reach the ovary

D. Is rounded and fuzzy to get pollen grains to stick to it

Answers

Sepals are leaf-like structures that protect a growing bud. They cover the bud until it is ready to bloom. Some plants have sepals that produce chemicals to ward off predators or bugs. The answer then to your question is B.

A sperm cell is produced by spermatogenesis. In order for the sperm cell to achieve a diploid state, what must occur?
A) The sperm cell must undergo meiosis.
B) The sperm cell must undergo mitosis.
C) The sperm cell must fertilize an egg.
D) The sperm cell must divide by cleavage.

Answers

A sperm cell is produced by spermatogenesis. In order for the sperm cell to achieve a diploid state, the sperm cell must fertilize an egg.
c the sperm must fertilize the egg

Zinc 419.53 oC 7.134 Nickel 1455oC 8.912 Copper 1084.62oC 8.96 Silver 961.78oC 10.501 Gold 1064.18oC 19.282 A cube of each metal, in the table, is provided on a laboratory table. Each cube has the same volume of 10 cm3. Which cube would have the largest mass? A) copper B) nickel C) silver D) zinc

Answers

the data given are 
            melting point            density 
Zinc        419.53 oC              7.134
Nickel      1455oC                 8.912
Copper  1084.62oC              8.96
Silver        961.78oC           10.501
Gold        1064.18oC          19.282

density is the mass per unit volume. Melting point is determined by the intermolecular forces between particles in the solids.
We have been asked to find which cube weighs the most 
density = mass/volume 
when volume is constant for all the metals, then density is directly proportional to mass. Therefore metal with highest density has the highest mass.
from the given metals, metal with highest density is Gold.
correct answer is Gold.

Answer:

it is c silver

Explanation:

because

Water is traveling up a tree carrying nutrients. Use the water cycle to explain how the water later becomes groundwater

Answers

After the water is lost from the plant due to transpiration, it will then become water vapor through evaporation, and as water is polar, the tiny droplets of water inside the vapor will pull together and be condensed which is the process of condensation, after which the mass of condensed vapor would be too dense to be in the air, so it would cause precipitation or rain and as the rain hits the ground it would seep underneath the dirt and become groundwater.

HELP ASAPPPP PLZZZ




What does weight measure?

Quantity of matter in an object
How much space an object takes up
Force of gravity acting on an object
How long it takes for an event to occur

Answers

The quantity of matter in an object I belive it the right answer.

How many parts does the scientific name of an organism have?

1
2
3
4

Answers

4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

I could of sworn it was 2

Write the complementary dna strand for AATGAATAGCTAGCTT

Answers

It will be

TTACTTATCGATCGAA

Hope it helped :)

Which of the following is not a sign of a chemical change?
Color change
Odor production
Heat production
Shape change

Answers

Color change 
Odor change
Heat production are all normal changes that can take place with a chemical reaction. Not all of them will appear as a symptom, but if one of them does, you likely have some sort of chemical change.

The only thing you could be suspicious of is a change in shape. That might happen with some sort of physical occurrence, like going beyond a melting point, but not a chemical one.

Answer: D <<<<  

Which of the following correctly compares fermentation and cellular respiration? Both provide ATP molecules, but only fermentation occurs when oxygen is present. Both result in substantial ATP molecules and lactic acid production. Cellular respiration produces more ATP molecules than fermentation. Cellular respiration provides ATP molecules at a slower rate than fermentation.

Answers

There are two processes that are involved in the production of Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP and these are fermentation and cellular respiration. However, during fermentation on 2 ATP molecules are produced while in cellular respiration, 38 ATP molecules are produced.

So the answer would be Cellular respiration produces more ATP molecules than fermentation. 

Answer:

Adds More ATP

PLEASE HELP ME YOU WOULD BE A LIFE SAVER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Energy is transferred when

species change
species adapt
species eat
populations evolve

Answers

a. when species change yay I'm a life saver
When species eat they gain energy

A sequence of DNA responsible for coding a protein?

Answers

Final answer:

The coding region of DNA is responsible for encoding proteins through a process called translation.

Explanation:

A DNA sequence responsible for coding a protein is called the coding region. Within the coding region, the nucleotide sequence of the gene is translated into the amino acid sequence of the protein. This process is known as translation and is directed by the genetic code, which consists of triplet codons within the mRNA sequence that correspond to specific amino acids.

Learn more about DNA coding region here:

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In sunflowers, tall stems (T) is a dominant trait while short stems (t) is a recessive trait. In a field of 1000 sunflowers, 820 are tall plants and 180 are short. Which statement BEST describes the genotype of the sunflowers in the field?

A)About 50% are homozygous for tall stems.
B)About 75% are homozygous for tall stems.
C)About 50% are homozygous for short stems.
D)About 50% are heterozygous for tall stems.

Answers


D)About 50% are heterozygous for tall stems.
Other Questions
Shannon says that she works out in the evenings instead of the afternoons because roger is always late coming home from work. roger says he doesn't bother to rush home from work because shannon is always working out. this process of organizing the series of events in different ways is called Why did many American people choose to move west? A: to become wealthy off of the Asian markets. B: to invest large amounts of money people had. C: to found peaceful communities with Native Americans. D: to purchase affordable land and farm it themselves. Please do either 1,2,3 or 4 You have planned purchases of $2,500. you have received orders that total $1,200, and you have ordered merchandise that totals $700. calculate the open-to-buy amount. The terms of the Treaty of Ghent a) called for the British to give land to the US.b) addressed issues of impressment.c) declared the British the victor of the war.d) ended the War of 1812. Draw Three triangles One equilateral one isosceles and one scalene label Each and explain how you classified each triangle Find the average rate of change of the function 1.Kivon has a sink that is shaped like a half-sphere. The sink has a diameter of 20 inches. One day, his sink clogged. He has to use one of two different cups to scoop the water out of the sink. The sink is completely full when Kivon begins scooping. (a)What is the exact volume of the sink? Show your work. (3 points) (b)One conical cup has a diameter of 8 in. and a height of 6 in. How many cups of water must Kivon scoop out of the sink with this cup to empty it? Round the number of scoops to the nearest whole number. Show your work. (6 points) (c)One cylindrical cup has a diameter of 4 in. and a height of 6 in. How many cups of water must he scoop out of the sink with this cup to empty it? Round the number of scoops to the nearest whole number. Show your work. (6 points) The number of U.S. Presidents who have been officially impeached convicted, and removed from office is Describe one way that concepts about similarity could be used in real life After andrew jackson's inauguration in 1829, at which site did thousands of people celebrate?a. capital buildingb. his nashville, tennessee homec. white housed. washington monument A group of 30 bikers went on a trip. some rode bicycles and the others rode tandems. if the total number of bicycles and tandems was 23, how many tandems were used? what is equivalent to ^38^x Students in Cassies school had to be in the cotton fields from early spring to harvest the cotton. What was the effect of this cause? There are different ways to think about the meaning of speed.Which description correctly completes this sentence?Speed is ________________________.A.time traveled times distance traveledB.time traveled divided by distance traveledC.the number of hours it takes to travel a certain distanceD.the distance traveled divided by the time it takes to travel that distance30 POINTS The area of rectangle A is 11/12 square meters.The area of rectangle B is 8/12 square meters.How much larger is rectangle A? how many drainage systems are there in new york AND I WILL MARK YOU THE BRAINLEST FOR THE CORRECT ANSWER there is a line whose slope is 1/6 and whose y-intercept is 4. what is its equation in slope intetecept form?Write your answer using integers, proper fractions, and improper fractions in simplest form.y= x + Any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies and combine specifically with them