Give a Rationale for a layered approach to a network architecture. ? How does TCP/IP differ from ISO/OSI?
Answer: Layered network architecture enables us a clear loosely coupled system with a definite distinction between the various layers visible.
Explanation:
Layered architecture enable independent deployment of each of the different layer, so that emphasis can be laid to the layers in respect of their protocol deployment.
TCP/IP is a standard model which is being followed everywhere, however the OSI is a conceptual model. The TCP/IP is actually derived from the OSI model.
Both the models differ in the number of layers present in them.
TCP/IP has 4 layers whereas OSI has 7 layers.
You want a class to have access to members ofanother class in the same package. Which is themost restrictive access that accomplishes thisobjective?
? public
? private
? protected
? transient
? default access
Answer:
default access
Explanation:
Classes, methods, variables(identifiers*) declared without any access modifier are considered as default and these can be accesed in others clases of same package.
Identifiers are the name of classes, methods, variables, arrays, enums, etc.
What is computer virus?
It is a (software) program that is installed on a computer without the user's knowledge for the purpose of making harmful changes. A computer virus attaches itself to another program (the execution of the host program triggers the action of the virus). And most of them perform actions that are malicious in nature, such as destroying data. A computer virus operates in two ways: As soon as it lands on a new computer, begins to replicate or it plays dead until the trigger kick starts the malicious code. The term 'computer virus' was formally defined by Fred Cohen in 1983.
Answer:
A computer virus is a virus attached onto your computer, and it gives you bugs and can often delete your important files.
Codio python challenge (max.py)
We will pass in a list of numbers. Your job is to find the largest number in that list and output its index, not the actual value.
Tip: you will need to use a utility variable to store the maximum value and a decision to see if each number is bigger than the current maximum value encounted in previous iterations
import sys
numbers = sys. argv[1]. split(',')
numbers = [int(1) for i in numbers]
#enter code here
Final answer:
To find the index of the largest number in a list passed as a command line argument in Python, the list must first be correctly parsed and converted to integers. Then, by iterating over this list and comparing each number to a tracked maximum value, the highest value's index can be identified and printed.
Explanation:
The question asks for a solution to find the index of the largest number in a list passed to a Python script. The solution involves iterating over each number in the list, comparing each one to a currently tracked maximum value, and updating this maximum along with its index as the iteration proceeds. It is important to correctly parse the input list from the command line and convert each element to an integer for accurate comparisons. The crucial steps include initializing variables for tracking the maximum value and its index, iterating over the list with enumeration for obtaining both the index and value, and updating the tracking variables as larger numbers are encountered.
Here is a corrected snippet of Python code that achieves the described functionality:
import sys
numbers = sys.argv[1].split(',')
numbers = [int(i) for i in numbers]
max_val = numbers[0]
max_index = 0
for index, num in enumerate(numbers):
if num > max_val:
max_val = num
max_index = index
print(max_index)
This script corrects the line numbers = [int(1) for i in numbers] to numbers = [int(i) for i in numbers], ensuring that the input string is correctly converted to a list of integers. Then, it proceeds to find the index of the largest number by iterating over this list.
Non linear data structures are always betterthan linear data structures;why
please give me strong ressons withexamples.
Answer:
Linear data structures stores data in a sequential order while Non Linear data structures stores data in a non-sequential order.
Non Linear data structures are better than non - linear data structures in terms of memory utilization and they are multilevel or hierarchical approach.
The memory utilization in non linear data structures is always better than linear data structures. Since linear data structures tends to waste memory.
Linear data structures uses single level while non linear data structures uses multilevel to store the data.
linear data structures examples:- arrays,linked lists,stack,queue.
Non-Linear data structures ex:- tree,graphs,heaps.
Final answer:
Non-linear data structures and linear data structures each have their own advantages and use cases, so it is incorrect to say that one is always better than the other.
Explanation:
Non-linear data structures and linear data structures each have their own advantages and use cases, so it is incorrect to say that one is always better than the other.
Linear data structures like arrays and linked lists are simple and efficient for accessing and processing data sequentially. They are suitable for scenarios where data needs to be stored and retrieved in a specific order.
On the other hand, non-linear data structures like trees and graphs are useful when relationships and connections among data are more complex. For example, trees can be used to represent hierarchical structures such as file systems or organization charts, while graphs can be used to model networks and relationships between objects.
Building a linked list forward places the new item to be added at the beginning of the linked list.
True
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
When a new item is added to a linked list it gets added to the rear end of the list.
For example if my list is as follows:
A->B->C
Now I want to add D, it will get added as follows:
A->B->C->D
Similarly if I add E, the updated list will become:
A->B->C->D->E
____________________deals with syntax and semantics ofinformation exchange.
a. Presentation layer
b. Session layer
c. Application layer
d. Transport layer
Answer:
The answer is (a).Presentation Layer
Explanation:
This layer is located at the 6th level of the OSI model, responsible for delivering and formatting the information to the upper layer for further processing. This service is needed because different types of computer uses different data representation. The presentation layer handles issues related to data presentation and transport, including encryption,translation and compression.
Differentiate between the DFS and BFS algorithms for graphtraversal.
Answer:
DFS Algorithm stands for Depth First Search.
BFS Algorithm stands for Breadth First Search.
Explanation:
DFS stands for Depth First Search. In DFS, starting from the root node all the elements are scanned following one of the branches of the tree till it finds the desired element, if it hits the leaf node then the nearest ancestor is searched and son on.
BFS Algorithm stands for Breadth First Search. In BFS algorithm, starting from the root node all the vertices at the next level are scanned from left to right. That means, starting from the root node, all the level 1 nodes are searched from left to right and then all the level 2 nodes are searched and so on till the finding the desired node.
Both DFS and BFS are advantageous in their own way. However, the memory required for BFS is high when compared to DFS. This is because BFS has to keep track of the pointers of child nodes. If the element that we are searching lies at the end of the graph DFS is faster. If the element that we are searching lies at the top of the graph BFS is faster.
Convert the following binary numbers to decimal:
10010101
01110110
00110011
11100010
10000001
Answer:
Hi!
10010101 = 149;
01110110 = 118;
00110011 = 51;
11100010 = 226;
10000001 = 129;
Explanation:
To convert binary numbers you can use this formula:
[tex]N = bit_{1} * 2^{0} + bit_{2} * 2^{1} + bit_{3} * 2^{2} + bit_{4} * 2^{3} + ... + bit_n 2^{n-1}[/tex], where position of the bit₀ is the rightmost digit of the number.
Results, using the formula:
10010101 = 1*2⁰+1*2²+1*2⁴+1*2⁷ = 1 + 4 + 16 + 128 = 149.
01110110 = 1*2¹+1*2²+1*2⁴+1*2⁵+1*2⁶ = 118;
00110011 = 1*2⁰+1*2¹+1*2⁴+1*2⁵ = 51;
11100010 = 1*2¹+1*2⁵+1*2⁶+1*2⁷ = 226;
10000001 = 1*2⁰+1*2⁷ = 129;
Note: All bits in 0 multiplied by any number are 0.
To convert binary numbers to decimal, use the place value system. Multiply each digit by 2 raised to the power of its position and add up the results.
Explanation:To convert binary numbers to decimal, we use the place value system. Each digit in the binary number represents a power of 2. We start from the rightmost digit and multiply it by 2 raised to the power of its position. Then, we add up all the results to get the decimal equivalent.
For example, for the binary number 10010101:
The rightmost digit is 1, so we multiply it by 2 raised to the power of 0, which is 1.The next digit is 0, so we multiply it by 2 raised to the power of 1, which is 2.We continue this process for all the digits and add up the results: 1 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 22.So, the decimal equivalent of 10010101 is 22. Following the same steps, you can convert the other binary numbers to decimal.
Microsoft has developed the Active Directory Domain structure so that a central authority, called the __________, is the repository for all domain security records.
Answer:
Domain Controller
Explanation:
Microsoft has developed the Active Directory Domain structure so that a central authority, called the domain controller, is the repository for all domain security records.
An active direct identifies and provides the enabled administrators for connecting to the windows-based It resources. It helps the IT department to manage and secure the windows based system and apps.
A domain controller is a server computer that replies to the secure and authentic requests within a computer network.Hence the answer is a domain controller.
Learn more about the Active Directory Domain structure so.
brainly.com/question/13591643.
In general, digital to analog modulation equipment is less expensive than the equipment for encoding digital data into a digital signal.
a) True b) False
Answer: False
Explanation:
As for the encoding process we require encoder, decoder, modulator which is less expensive than those required for modulation where we need devices for changing the amplitude, frequency and phase, which is more complex and expensive
write a C program the prints out the size of variables with the following C data types- int, long, unsigned, long long, double, float, char, and double
C program for finding size of different data types
#include <stdio.h>
//driver function
int main()
{
int a; //declaring a of type int
float b; //declaring b of type float
double c; //declaring c of type double
char d; //declaring d of type char
long e; //declaring e of type long
long long f; //declaring f of type longlong
unsigned g; //declaring g of type unsigned
// Sizeof operator is used to evaluate the size of a variable
printf(" int data type contains: %lu bytes\n",sizeof(a));/*Finding size of int */
printf("float data type contains : %lu bytes\n",sizeof(b));/*Finding size of float */
printf("double data type contains: %lu bytes\n",sizeof(c));/*Finding size of double */
printf("char data type contains: %lu byte\n",sizeof(d));/*Finding size of char */
printf("long data type contains: %lu byte\n",sizeof(e));/*Finding size of long*/ printf("longlong data type contains: %lu byte\n",sizeof(f));/*Finding size of longlong */
printf("unsigned data type contains: %lu byte\n",sizeof(g)); /*Finding size of unsigned */
return 0;
}
Output
int data type contains: 4 bytes
float data type contains : 4 bytes
double data type contains: 8 bytes
char data type contains: 1 byte
long data type contains: 8 byte
longlong data type contains: 8 byte
unsigned data type contains: 4 byte
The primary characteristic of auctions is that prices are determined dynamically by competitive bidding ( true or false)
Answer: True
Explanation:
The following statement is false.
If there is no inheritance in Java then this environment may be__________but not ____________.
object oriented, object based
component based , object based
object based ,component based
object based , object oriented
Answer:
The answer is object based,component based.
Explanation:
If there is no inheritance in Java then the environment may be object based but not component based.
Component based is an approach in programming in which we divide a problem into different parts called components each of having a specific role in the program.
The difference between component based and object based is re-usability and scale. Component based means to emphasize on responsibilities which are mostly independent and may not share or may share common objects with other components.Object based means to emphasize on the integration of objects, where objects are reused over an entire software.That is why the environment may be object based but not component based.
Decision-making undercertainty is always easy to solve.
True
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Decision making is a complex subjective process which involves analyzing multiple inputs, current state and identifying the most relevant actions to achieve a set of desired objectives.
The process is complicated by factors such as:
- inadequacy or incorrectness of inputs
- unawareness of the current state
- lack of expertise of the decision maker
- multiplicity of potential actions which lead to desired outcomes
- fuzzy end objectives
The ____ is responsible for assigning maintenance tasks to individuals or to a maintenance team.
Answer
user
programmer
systems review committee
system administrator
Answer:
System Administrator
Explanation:
The System Administrator is responsible for assigning maintenance tasks to individuals or to a maintenance team.
The System Administrator’s role is to manage computer software systems, servers, storage devices and network connections to ensure high availability and security of the supported business applications.
This individual also participates in the planning and implementation of policies and procedures to ensure system provisioning and maintenance that is consistent with company goals, industry best practices, and regulatory requirements.
System administrators may be members of an information technology department.
The duties of a system administrator may vary widely from one organization to another. They may sometimes do scripting and light-programming.
Following are some of the duties done by them:
User administration (setup and maintaining account) Maintaining system Verify that peripherals are working properly Quickly arrange repair for hardware in occasion of hardware failure Monitor system performance Create file systems Install software Create a backup and recover policy Monitor network communication Update system as soon as new version of OS and application software comes out Setup security policies for users. Documentation in form of internal wiki Password and identity managementWrite a class named Add that has the following data members, constructor, and methods:
Data Members:
private int row; // The number of rows for the addition table.
private int column; // The number of columns for the addition table.
Constructor:
// Sets the values of the above data members.
public Add ( )
Methods:
Answer:
A class is like a blueprint of object.
Explanation:
A class defines the kinds of data and the functionality their objects will have.
A class enables you to create your own custom types by grouping together variables of other types, methods and events.
In C#, we can create a class using the class keyword.
Here's a sample program:
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication
{
public class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
Add a1 = new Add(70, 50);
a1.AddNumbers();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
class Add
{
private int row;
private int column;
public Add(int r, int c)
{
row = r;
column = c;
}
public void AddNumbers()
{
Console.WriteLine(row+column);
}
}
}
output: 120
Explanation of the program:
I have created a class named Add. Within a class, row and column are two fields and AddNumbers() is a method. We also have constructor to initialize row and column.
In main method, If I need to invoke members of the class, I must create an instance of the class. We can create any number of instances using the single class.IN our program, a1 is the reference variable using which we can invoke members of the class. I invoked function in the class and passed arguments to the constructor while creating an instance.
Those values are assigned to method variables and it operated the addition. Thus the output is 120.
Write a C++ program to exchange values of two variables using function exchange().
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//create the exchange function
void exchange(int a, int b){
int temp; //initialize temporary
//swap the variables value
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
//print the output after exchange
cout<<"a is: "<<a<<endl;
cout<<"b is: "<<b<<endl;
}
//main function program start from here
int main(){
//initialization
int a=3, b=6;
exchange(a,b); //calling the function
return 0;
}
Explanation:
Create the function exchange with two integer parameter which takes the value from the calling function.
and then declare the third variable temp with is used for swapping the value between two variables.
first store the value of 'a' in the temp and then assign the 'b' value to 'a' and then, assign the temp value to b.
for example;
a=2, b=9
temp=2;
a=9;
b=2;
So, the values are swap.
and then print the swap values.
Create the main function and define the input a and b with values.
Then, calling the exchange function with two arguments.
Write a program that generates a random number between 5 and 15 and asks the user to guess what the number is. If the user’s guess is higher than the random number, the program should display Too high. Try again. If the user’s guess is lower than the random number, the program should display Too low, Try again. The program should use a loop that repeats while keeping a count of the number of guesses the user makes until the user correctly guesses the random number. Then the program should display the number of guesses along with the following message Congratulations. You figured out my number. Suggest that you also give the user the opportunity to play the game again or quit.
Answer: The c++ program for the number guessing game is given below.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// method declaration without parameters
void game();
int main() {
char reply;
// calling the game method
game();
cout<<"Would you like to continue with the game ? Enter y to continue. Enter q to quit the game. " <<endl;
cin>>reply;
if(reply == 'y')
game();
if(reply == 'q')
cout<<"Quitting the game..."<<endl;
return 0;
}
void game()
{
int num, guess, attempt=0;
num = (rand() % 10) + 6;
cout<<endl<<"Welcome to the game of guessing the correct number "<<endl;
do
{
cout<<"Enter any number between 5 and 15. "<< endl;
cin>>guess;
if(guess<5 || guess>15)
{
do
{
cout<<"Invalid number. Enter any number between 5 and 15. "<<endl;
cin>>guess;
}while(guess<5 || guess>15);
}
if(guess < num)
{
cout<<"Too Low"<<endl;
attempt++;
}
if(guess > num)
{
cout<<"Too High"<<endl;
attempt++;
}
}while(guess != num);
cout<<"Congratulations. You figured out my number in "<<attempt<< " attempts."<<endl;
}
Explanation:
The expression
(rand() % 10)
generates a random number between 0 and 9. 6 is added to generate a random number between 5 and 15.
The integer variable attempt is initialized to 0.
Next, user is asked to guess the number. If the user enters an invalid input, the do-while loop begins until a valid input is received from the user.
cout<<"Enter any number between 5 and 15. "<< endl;
cin>>guess;
if(guess<5 || guess>15)
{
do
{
cout<<"Invalid number. Enter any number between 5 and 15. "<<endl;
cin>>guess;
}while(guess<5 || guess>15);
}
User is prompted to input the guess using the same do-while loop as above. Until the user guesses the correct number, the loop continues. Each incorrect guess by the user, increments the variable attempt by 1. This represents the number of attempts done by the user to guess the correct number.
if(guess < num)
{
cout<<"Too Low"<<endl;
attempt++;
}
if(guess > num)
{
cout<<"Too High"<<endl;
attempt++;
}
The random number generation and the guessing logic is put in a separate method game().
The entry and exit from the game only is put inside the main method.
Is it legal to "use" an unprotected wireless access point that you discover in a public area? Is it ethical to use it? Hypothetically, if you were at an event and your computer detected a wireless network which was not protected and that was not sponsored by the event or its organizers, would you use it? Justify your answer
Answer:
The legality of use is dependent on the permissions provided by the owner, service provider ad state's laws. It is not ethical to use open wifi not provided or sponsored by event's organizer.
Some of the risk are:
Privacy leak and risk of confidentiality. Wifi data transfer occur using encryption but there are also some devices that can decrypt this data provided the have access the wifi. In open wifi, since everyone has access hence anyone with malicious intents can overlook your activities by decrypting data. This become more dangerous when a person is accessing bank statement or doing transactions on public wifi.
The ArrayList class ____ method removes an item from an ArrayList at a specified location.
a.
erase
b.
remove
c.
delete
d.
get
Answer:
remove
Explanation:
The function used to remove the element in the ArrayList at specific index is remove.
Syntax:
remove(int index)
it used index to remove the element.
ArrayList index start from the index zero. So, if the we enter the index 0 it means remove the element at first position.
for example:
array.remove(1); it remove the element at index 1 from the ArrayList name array.
What will the following code display?
int number = 6;
cout << ++number << endl;
1. 0
2. 5
3. 7
4. 6
Answer:
7
Explanation:
The operator '++number' is called the pre increment operator which is used to increment the value by 1 first and then assign.
for example:
int n = 10;
b = ++n;
here, it increase the value of 10 first then assign to b. hence, b assign the value 11.
similarly, in the question:
int number = 6;
after that, the pre increment operator increase the value by one and then assign to number.
it means number assign the value 7 and finally print the value.
Therefore, the answer is 7.
Either a function’s _________ or its _________ must precede all calls to the function.
Answer:
Definition, Prototype
Explanation:
A function prototype is the one who declares return type,function name and parameters in it.
Syntax of function prototype
returnType functionName(type1 argu1, type2 argu2,...);
Function definition contains the block of code to perform a specific task.
Syntax of function definition
returnType functionName(type1 argu1, type2 argu2, ...)
{
//body of the function
}
Whenever a function is called, the compiler checks if it's defined or not and control is transferred to function definition.
So,it is necessary to define the return type and parameters of the function.
Answer:
definition , prototype
Explanation: A function's definition and it's prototype must come before a function call otherwise the compiler will throw an error of undefined function whatever is the function name. Defining or giving prototype before the function call.The compiler will get to know that there a function exists with the function name and it will not give an error.
A function that is called or summoned into action by its reference in another function is a ____.
A) function prototype
B) called function
C) calling function
D) function declarator
Answer:
Answer is B. Called function
Explanation:
The function which is called is the called function.
In which function we call it, that's calling function.
Assume that the reference variable r refers to a serializable object. Write code that serializes the object to the file ObjectData.dat.
Answer:
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("ObjectData.dat");
ObjectOutputStream ostream = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
ostream.writeObject(r);
Explanation:
For object serialization, we can use the writeObject method of java.io.ObjectOutputStream class.
The complete code fragment is as follows:
import java.io.*;
class Demo{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
r = <Reference to Object to be serialized> ;
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("ObjectData.dat");
ObjectOutputStream ostream = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
ostream.writeObject(r);
ostream.close();
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Which statement must be included in a program in order touse a deque container?
a. #include vector
b. #include
c. #include container
d. #include deque
Answer:
d.#include deque
Explanation:
We have to include deque library in order to use a deque container and the syntax to include is #include<deque>.Deque is a double ended queue which is a sequence container and allows operations of contraction and expansion on both ends of the queue.Double ended queues are a special case of simple queue since in simple queue the insertion is from rear end and deletion is from front end but in deque insertion and deletion is possible at both ends rear and front.
Given a one dimensional array arr, what is the correct way ofgetting the number of elements in arr
?? arr.length
?? arr.length – 1
?? arr.size – 1
?? arr.length()
Answer:
The answer is option 1 arr.length.
Explanation:
In java arr.length gives the correct number of elements in the array.The length is function is only applicable for arrays.
The length() method is applicable for strings.
arr.length-1 will give 1 element less.
There is no .size for arrays in java.
So we conclude that arr.length is correct way of getting the number of elements in one dimensional array arr.
Answer:
The answer is arr.length.
Explanation:
In java arr. length gives the correct number of elements in the array. The length() method is applicable for strings. arr. length-1 will give 1 element less. There is no . size for arrays in java. So we conclude that arr.Learn more about the array, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/13971324.What are the disadvantages of having too many featuresin a language?
Answer:
Disadvantage of having too many features in a language is that:
There are many functions with same name but perform different function or task so it will create an issue or problem. Features do not duplicate one another as, there are different possible syntax for the same meaning. In a mathematical function, sometimes user function and mathematical variable name collide with language base features so it will create problem.Language levels have a direct influence on _______________
Write ability
Readability
Readability
None of the given
Answer:
Write Ability.
Explanation:
Great question, it is always good to ask away and get rid of any doubts that you may be having.
The level of skill you have with a certain language directly affects how fast and accurately you can code. An experienced Java programmer can finish a project a lot faster than someone who knows how to code but does not have much experience with that language.
Your language level also directly affects a codes functionality, since a person with more experience coding in a specific language will have a significantly less amount of errors.
Based on the information given above we can say that, "Language levels have a direct influence on Write Ability."
I hope this answered your question. If you have any more questions feel free to ask away at Brainly.
A ____ resembles a circle of computers that communicate with each other.
Answer
hierarchical network
star network
bus network
ring network
Answer:
ring network
Explanation:
In a ring network, the nodes are arranged in a circular pattern where each node is connected to two adjacent nodes. In this topology, any node can communicate with any other node via the intermediaries.
In comparison,
- in a star network every communication needs to pass through a central hub node
- in a bus, each node is connected to a shared linear communication bus.
- in a hierarchical network nodes are organized along a tree structure layout.