Writе thе dеclaration of a doublе pointеr namеd avеragе

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

double *average; //  declaration of a doublе pointеr .

Explanation:

A pointer is a variable that will store the address of another variable of the same datatype. Here average is a pointer type variable that means it will store the address of double datatype variable.  

syntax of declaring double datatype variable  

double *variable_name  ;

double *average;  

For example:

double *average;

//declaration of a doublе pointеr

double r=90.897;

// variable r of double datatype

average=&r;// storing the address of r


Related Questions

. Convert your age into binary and then to hexadecimal. Show your work.

Answers

Explanation:

Age = 23.

To convert a base 10 number to hexadecimal number we have to repeatedly divide the decimal number by 16 until  it becomes zero and store the remainder in the reverse direction of obtaining them.

23/16=1 remainder = 5

1/16=0 remainder = 1

Now writing the remainders in reverse direction that is 15.

My age in hexadecimal number is (15)₁₆.

. What is meant by the term three tier architecture.?

Answers

Answer:

  The three tier architecture is based on the client and server architecture. It is basically maintain the independent module on the individual platform.

In the three tier architecture, it include various functional process, data computer storage and the user interface are basically developed in this architecture.

The three tier architecture are:

Presentation layerApplication layerData layer

Continuous reboots of a Windows host upon encountering a persistent stop error might be caused by Startup and Recovery configuration settings in the Control Panel System applet (System -> Advanced system settings -> Advanced -> Startup and Recovery -> Settings... -> System failure).

(A) True
(B) False

Answers

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

Sometimes there comes a problem in computer systems of continuous reboots of a windows this could due to following reasons such as software issues,bad power supply,bad hard drive,hardware issues.

If the issue is from startup and recovery configuration or software you can see it by going in the Control Panel System applet given in the question.

What year was MCTC founded ? right answer 1996

Answers

Answer:

Minneapolis Community and Technical College was formed in February 1996

Explanation:

MCTC

Minneapolis Community and Technical College was formed in February 1996

this was Minneapolis Community and Technical College following by  july 1955 latter it was merger and become MCTC in 1966

and  

Chancellor of MCTC is Devinder Malhotra

and President is Sharon Pierce

it is situated at Minneapolis, Minnesota in  United States of America

Minneapolis Community and Technical College (MCTC) was founded in 1996. It was established to provide educational services to the community.

Founding Year of MCTC

MCTC, short for Minneapolis Community and Technical College, was founded in 1996. This college was established to serve the educational needs of the community, offering a wide range of associate degrees and certification programs. Since its inception, MCTC has grown significantly and continues to play a crucial role in higher education.

[What is an ‘inspection’?

Answers

Answer:

 The inspection is the process where the trained people inspect or check the important documents and design thoroughly. The main function of the inspection is to check the proper quality of the document and design by the process analyzing, testing and examining.

Inspection basically provide various benefits as it increase the quality of the system by examine properly so that the document must be error free.

Inspection is required in all the workplace so it help to increase the productivity and efficiency of the organization.

Dеclarе and allocatе mеmory (on thе hеap) for a two-dimеnsional array of strings namеd carMakеs with 20 rows, еach with 6 columns

Answers

Answer:

string ** carMakes=new string*[20];  

   for(int i=0;i<20;i++)

   {

       carMakes[i]=new string[6];

   }

Explanation:

The above written piece of code is in C++ and it will declare and allocate memory on the heap for a 2-D array of strings with the number of rows 20 and number of columns 6 with name of the array carMakes.

To declare a 2-D array in C++ we use new keyword.

Name three "Hints" for computer systems design.

Answers

Answer:

The three hints for the computer system design is that:

Implementation is the important key feature while designing the computer system design. It also implement new application of the software and also help in the structure analysis and data modeling in the organization. Planning is efficient way for computer system design as it help the organization to understand the proper software architecture and modules. Performance should be good, efficient and useful for the computer system design and it increase the capability of fault tolerance in the computer system.

The data field in an ethernet frame contains between 46 and _______ bytes of information.

Answers

Answer: 1500 bytes

Explanation:

 In the ethernet frame, the data field basically contain 46 to 1500 bytes of information.  

The ethernet frame begins with the header, that basically contains MAC addresses source and its destination in the network, along with some other information. The center part of the given frame contain genuine information. The edge of the frame closes with the field known as Frame Check Sequence (FCS).

The tag information or data is also being added for creating the particular data field of the MAC client.  

Why does software have bugs?

Answers

Answer:

Human errors, changing requirements, complicated software, etc.

Explanation:

A bug in software is a coding error. The effects are often unexpected and affect the way a programme works, often resulting in the programme not functioning in the way it was intended. There are various reasons that bugs can exist in software, including (but not limited to) the following:

Human errors in programming and design is the most common reason for bugs. This could be as a result of time pressure, simple mistakes, or any other human related issue.Changing requirements, or even just misunderstandings between the parties involved, can often be a cause of bugs.Complicated software can often result in programmers making errors.Lack of documentation or updates being made by different programmers using different tools.

Final answer:

Software has bugs due to the complex nature of writing and integrating numerous lines of code, and the limitations of computer calculations. These bugs provide opportunities for learning and improving through good programming practices and debugging strategies. Quality assurance plays a key role in identifying potential bugs, helping to create more reliable software.

Explanation:

Software bugs are a common occurrence and they stem from a variety of sources. Writing software is a complex process, involving numerous lines of code, and the interaction between these lines can sometimes produce unexpected results, known as bugs. Consider bugs as an opportunity for growth; they provide a chance to learn and improve the software. Quality Assurance (QA) teams are essential in this process, constantly trying to break the software to identify potential issues. Good programming practices and debugging are critical in making the software more reliable. However, due to the complexity of software and limitations such as the accuracy of floating-point calculations, it's hard to eliminate all bugs.

It is important to proactively think about errors during development by asking, "What could go wrong here?" Moreover, implementing unit testing, which involves testing small, isolated parts of the program, helps identify and fix bugs early on. Nevertheless, as programs grow in size and complexity, the likelihood of bugs increases, making the debugging process more challenging.

Simplifying the program can sometimes be the best strategy when faced with a complex bug situation. It allows the developer to strip down to the basics and tackle issues one at a time. Remember, bugs are inevitable, but with careful testing and professional practices, their impact can be minimized, maintaining the credibility of software output.

Social engineering is deceiving or using people to get around security controls.

True

False

Answers

Answer: True

Explanation:

Social engineering, in regards to information security, it is referred to as the cognitive manipulation of an individual into divulging confidential data and information. This also tends to differs from social engineering within discipline and domain of social sciences, which usually does not concern with the divulging of confidential data and information.

Answer: FALSE

Explanation:

Write an application that calculates and displays the weekly salary for an employee. The main() method prompts the user for an hourly pay rate, regular hours, and overtime hours. Create a separate method to calculate overtime pay, which is regular hours times the pay rate plus overtime hours times 1.5 times the pay rate; return the result to the main() method to be displayed. Save the program as Salary.java.

Answers

Answer:

// import package

import java.util.*;

// class definition

class Salary

{

   // method to calculate weekly salary

   public static double fun(int p_rate,int r_hour,int o_hour)

   {

       // calculate weekly salary

       double w_salary=(p_rate*r_hour)+(o_hour*p_rate*1.5);

       // return salary

       return w_salary;

   }

   // main method of the class

public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception

{

   try{

    // object to read value from user

    Scanner scr=new Scanner(System.in);

   

       System.out.print("enter hourly pay rate: ");

       // read hourly pay rate

       int p_rate=scr.nextInt();

     

       System.out.print("enter regular hours: ");

       //read regular hours

       int r_hour=scr.nextInt();

       

       System.out.print("enter overtime hours : ");

       // read overtime hours

       int o_hour=scr.nextInt();

       // call the method

       System.out.println("weekly salary of an employee :"+fun(p_rate,r_hour,o_hour));

   }catch(Exception ex){

       return;}

}

}

Explanation:

Read hourly pay rate, regular hours and overtime hours from user.Call the method sal() with these parameters.There weekly salary is calculated by multiply regular hours with p_rate and overtime hours with 1.5 time of p_rate.Sum both of them, this will be the weekly salary.return this to main method and print it.

Output:

enter hourly pay rate: 50                                                                                                  

enter regular hours: 35                                                                                                    

enter overtime hours : 15                                                                                                  

weekly salary of an employee :2875.0

The `Salary` application prompts the user for hourly pay rate, regular hours, and overtime hours, then calculates and displays the weekly salary using a separate method to calculate overtime pay.

Here's the Java program `Salary.java` that calculates and displays the weekly salary for an employee:

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Salary {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

       Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

       // Prompt the user for input

       System.out.print("Enter hourly pay rate: ");

       double hourlyPayRate = scanner.nextDouble();

       System.out.print("Enter regular hours: ");

       double regularHours = scanner.nextDouble();

       System.out.print("Enter overtime hours: ");

       double overtimeHours = scanner.nextDouble();

       // Calculate and display the weekly salary

       double weeklySalary = calculateWeeklySalary(hourlyPayRate, regularHours, overtimeHours);

       System.out.println("Weekly salary: $" + weeklySalary);

       scanner.close();

   }

   // Method to calculate overtime pay

   public static double calculateWeeklySalary(double hourlyPayRate, double regularHours, double overtimeHours) {

       double regularPay = regularHours * hourlyPayRate;

       double overtimePay = overtimeHours * hourlyPayRate * 1.5;

       return regularPay + overtimePay;

   }

}

Explanation:

The `main` method prompts the user for input: hourly pay rate, regular hours, and overtime hours.It then calls the `calculateWeeklySalary` method to calculate the weekly salary based on the provided inputs.The `calculateWeeklySalary` method calculates the regular pay and overtime pay separately, then returns the total weekly salary.Finally, the main method displays the calculated weekly salary.

You can compile and run this program to calculate and display the weekly salary for an employee based on the provided hourly pay rate, regular hours, and overtime hours.

what would you consider the most effective perimeter and network defense methods available to safeguard network assets?

Answers

Answer: There are several methods that are used for maintenance of safety and defensing the network against any type of hacking or attacking.Some of the methods are mentioned as follows:-

Denial of service attack(Dos)-it is the type of service that does not let the unauthorized sources and users to use the resources of the service.Intrusion detection system(IDS)-it is the system that is used for the detection of any unauthorized access happening in the system.It detects the accessing on the basis of host and networkFirewall-is the system for the security of network for controlling the  traffic that enters and exits a networks and maintains barriers by blocking untrusted traffic.

_______For the C programming language, files containing the code you write are named with a file extension of .g. (T/F)

Answers

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

In C programming language the file which containing the code that we are writing the code is have the file extension .c and for c++ it is .cpp.  C programming language is a general purpose procedural computer programming language.

.g file extension is for data chart file format used by APPLAUSE database development software.

Hence the answer to this question is false.

If the code in a method can potentially throw a checked exception, then that method must:

a.)handle the exception

b.)have a throws clause listed in the method header

c.)neither handle the exception nor have a throws clause listed in the method header

d.)either handle the exception or have a throws clause listed in the method header

Answers

Answer:

d.)either handle the exception or have a throws clause listed in the method header

Explanation:

A checked exception that can be thrown in a method , necessarily needs to be handled in the method in one of the two ways:

Handle the exception in codeHave a throws clause in method header

For example, let us see both:

a)

public void mymethod(){

// Exception handling using try/catch block

  try{

  }

  catch ( IOException e){

  }

}

b)

public void mymethod() throws IOException{

   // Exception in the throws clause

}

Analyze the impact of economic factors on the development of IT strategy decisions at the enterprise level of the organization.

Answers

Answer:

 The unstable economical factor affect on the development of the IT strategies. The economical condition also vary with the results which is basically depend upon the company product and services.

Due to weak economical factor, it become risky to the business in terms of economical growth, inflation rate and interest rate as these all are very important during the decision making process.

The economical factor are basically interlink with the political factor also. Interest rate also play an important role in the economical factor as it help in the growth and development of the company.

 

Answer and explanation:

Economic factors are those who influence the fluctuations of the economy. Among those factors we can identify interest rates, tax rates, law, policies, wages, and governmental activities. At the corporate level, in the Information Technology industry as in any other, those factors determine what decision entrepreneurs will take to conduct their businesses. Indirectly what investment managers will decide to choose, what the salary of the employees will be, what the size of production could be, and to what market the product could be offered.

Which of the following declares an abstract method in an abstract C++ class? (Points : 2) public: void print();
public: void print() {}
public: virtual void print() {}
public: virtual void print()=0;

Answers

Answer:

public: virtual void print()=0;

Explanation:

An abstract class contains a pure virtual function. Pure virtual class cannot be instantiated but it can be subclassed and the subclass can provide an implementation of the function.

A virtual function declaration in the class is preceded by the virtual keyword. For example, virtual void print();

A pure virtual function declaration is followed by '=0;'

public: virtual void print()=0;

Which of the following is NOT a MySQL table storage engine?
(a) Blackhole
(b) SuperNova
(c) MyISAM
(d) MRG_MyISAM
(e) InnoDB

Answers

Answer:

(b)Supernova.

Explanation:

MYSQL storage engines are software modules that are used by the database management systems to read,update,create from a database.

There are basically two types of storage engines Transactional and Non-Transactional.

Among the names engines provided all of them are MYSQL storage engines except supenova.

The technology which is not a MySQL table storage engine is: B. SuperNova

What is MySQL?

MySQL can be defined as open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that was designed and developed by Oracle Corporation in 1995. Also, MySQL was developed based on structured query language (SQL).

In Computer technology, there are various storage engine that are designed and developed for use in MySQL table and these include the following:

BlackholeMyISAMMRG_MyISAMInnoDB

However, SuperNova is not a MySQL table storage engine.

Read more on MySQL here: https://brainly.com/question/24443096

If you are looking at the OSI model Protocol Stack, what layer is the only layer with both a header and trailer?

Answers

Answer: Data-link layer

Explanation:Data link layer is the second layer of the OSI(Open system interconnection) that functions by managing the movement of the data/information into physical link. This layer encapsulates both header and trailer.

Header is  the part of data link layer that has the purpose of having control  data and its activities which are added at the start of PDU(protocol data unit)  like addressing .Trailer is the part that serves as containing the information of control which gets attached at the bottom part of the PDU

Defining a(n) ______________ of an object is called instantiation.

(Points : 2) object
link
instance
prototype

Answers

Answer: Instance

Explanation: Instantiation is the creation of the instance for any particular object in the field of object-oriented programming concept. The previously defined objects are realized in a program.This object that gets created in the class is provided with the name and placed in the memory.

They have their certain methods, process and properties on which they access.Other options are incorrect because instantiate object does not gets created from the link, object or prototype.Thus, the correct option is instance.

What are three key characteristics of an OS process?

Answers

Answer:

 The three key charactertics of the operating system process is that:

The process of the operating system is the instance of the program that can be executed and run.The operating system process is represented by the code and program. It is also indicated by the parameters that it is also allow in the situation if any interruption occur. In the case of the Linux operating system the process is also used to indicate as task in the system.  

What is a relational database management system and how does it relate to a database administrator?

Answers

Answer: A database management system tends to support administration, development, and use of the platforms. A Relation Database Management System (RDBMS) is referred to as a type of Database Management System (DBMS) that consists of a structure(row-based table) that tends to connect data elements and also involve functions that are supposed to maintain accuracy, security, consistency and integrity of the data.

Which component in a desktop PC converts electricity from AC to DC?
-SSD
-CPU
-PCIe Slot
-Power Supply

Answers

Answer:

Power Supply

Explanation:

A power supply unit in a Desktop PC converts AC power from the mains to low-voltage DC power needed by the computer. The power supply, commonly referred to as the PSU, is the metal box usually found in the corner of the case connected to the power through a cord. The PSU uses the switcher technology to convert AC input to DC. The typical voltages used are 3.3, 5, and 12 volts.

Answer: power supply

When passing data values between different machines with different operating systems what problems have to be solved?

Answers

Final answer:

When passing data values between different machines with different operating systems, several problems need to be solved, including file compatibility, encoding and character sets, and network connectivity.

Explanation:

When passing data values between different machines with different operating systems, there are several problems that need to be solved:

File Compatibility: Different operating systems may have different file formats and structures, making it difficult to open and read files created on one system on another system. For example, a file saved in a specific format on a Windows machine may not be compatible with a Mac machine.

Encoding and Character Sets: Different operating systems may use different encoding and character sets, which can lead to garbled or incorrect data when transferring files. For example, a file containing special characters in one encoding system may not be correctly interpreted by another system.

Network Connectivity: Transferring data between machines with different operating systems may require establishing compatible network connections and protocols. This can involve configuring firewalls, setting up appropriate network protocols, and ensuring both machines can communicate effectively.

To address these problems, various software and tools are available that enable file conversion, encoding conversion, and network compatibility. Additionally, establishing good communication channels and protocols between machines is essential for successful data transfer.

Standards are used when an organization has selected a solution to fulfill a policy goal.

True

False

Answers

Answer: True

Explanation:

 Yes, the given statement is true that the standard are basically used when the organization are selected for the solution to fulfilling the particular policy goals. In the organization are standard are basically require for the software and hardware solutions to control the security risk.

Adopting standard in the organization it provide many advantages like it helps to save money and productivity of the organization or company.

Standard are basically establish a common throughput in the organization which provide all the department in the organization on the same level.

Broker Ray is closely acquainted with the Subdivision Heights neighborhood of his town. Over the year, Ray has made it a practice to contact homeowners in person and also to send them quarterly mailings. This method of finding listings is known as:

Answers

No multiple choice?

When using _____, developers are required to comply with the rules defined in a framework. (Points : 2) inheritance
base classes
object-oriented constructs
contracts
None of the above

Answers

Answer: Contracts

Explanation:

The contract is the mechanism which is basically used by the developers to follow the set of rules that is defined in the framework with the proper specification in the API ( Application programming interface).

The contract is the proper agreement between the two and more developers so that they must follow the rules that is mentioned in the agreement contract.  

The contract is widely used in the software development process in which all the possible design requirement are mentioned according to the needs of the client.

Therefore, Contract is the correct option.

__________________ are evaluations of a network

Answers

Answer:

 The evaluation of the network is basically depend upon the various factors such as the stage, type and size of the network development. The main purpose for the evaluation of the network is that the system works with high efficiency without any interruption in the network.

According to the size and the type of the network we can easily evaluate the particular network in the system and then we can easily work on the network infrastructure to make the network more efficient.

Once the destination has been reached the network makes a connection at what layer to connect for transfer or data?

a) network b) data link c) physical d) transport

Answers

Answer: (C) Physical

Explanation:

 When the destination are selected by the network then, it makes the connection for transferring the data packets by using physical layer.

As, the physical layer is basically responsible for transmitting the data and reception of the data between the physical medium and device.

The physical layer basically provide the electrical interface during the transmission of data. The physical layer in the network basically provide the hardware elements like cable, ethernet and repeaters.  

Extended ACLs can filter traffic based on _____. (Points : 3) protocol type
source IPv4 address
source TCP or UDP ports
All of the above

Answers

Answer: All of the above

Explanation: Extended Access Control Lists(ACL) is the system that works between the Source IP address and the destination IP address for the granting or denying the permission for the traffic flow. This has very certain functioning and allow the traffic on the basis of the protocols such as TCP(transmission control protocol),UDP(user datagram protocol) etc.

All the given option are correct because IPv4(internet protocol version 4), TCP pots and UDP ports are the protocol types for source and can be filtered through extended ACL. Thus the correct option is all of the above.

Write two cin statements to get input values into birthMonth and birthYear. Then write a statement to output the month, a dash, and the year. End with newline. The program will be tested with inputs 1 2000, and then with inputs 5 1950. Ex: If the input is 1 2000, the output is: 1-2000 Note: The input values come from user input, so be sure to use cin statements, as in cin >> birthMonth, to get those input values (and don't assign values directly as in birthMonth

Answers

Answer:

// here is code in c++.

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// main function

int main() {

// variables to read birth month and year

int birthMonth,birthYear;

cout<<"Enter the birth month:";

// read the birth month

cin>>birthMonth;

cout<<"Enter the birth Year:";

// read the birth year

cin>>birthYear;

// print the output

cout<<birthMonth<<"-"<<birthYear<<endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Declare two variables "birthMonth" and "birthYear". Read the value of birthMonth and birthYear from user. Then print the birth month and birth year and a dash(-) in between them.

Output:

Enter the birth month:1                                                                                                                                      

Enter the birth Year:2000                                                                                                                                    

1-2000  

Enter the birth month:5                                                                                                                                      

Enter the birth Year:1950                                                                                                                                    

5-1950

The program is an illustration of a sequential program, and it does not require loops, iterations or conditions.

The programming statements in C++, where comments are used to explain each line is as follows:

//This gets input for birthMonth

cin>>birthMonth;

//This gets input for birthYear

   cin>>birthYear;

// This prints the month, a dash, and the year

   cout<<birthMonth<<"-"<<birthYear;

Read more about similar programs at:

https://brainly.com/question/15187402

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Write a statement that computes the square root of a variable called discriminantand stores the value in a variable called result. Janice went out to eat and bought a hamburger, a bag of chips,and a drink. The hamburger cost $2.57, and the chips cost $1.25.Janice gave the cashier $20.00 and received $14.39 in change.How much did the drink cost? Suppose that you drive the 10.0 km from your university to home in 20.0 min. What is your average speed in kilometers per hour? A charge of 3.77 C is located at the origin, and a charge of 4.92 C is located along the y axis at 2.86176 m. At what point along the y-axis is the electric field zero? The value of the Coulomb constant is 8.99 109 N m2 /C 2 . All protozoa are also pathogens. True False Which of the following is true of good generalizations? a)They are grounded in ones childhood experiences. b)They are similar to stereotypes. c)They are based on social scientific research. d)They are constructed from traditional authority. The Fifth Amendment protects Americans against which of the following things?Check all of the boxes that apply.undergoing improper search and seizurebeing forced to testify to prove their own guiltbeing tried more than once for a crimebeing prevented from bearing arms During which change is heat energy released?A. MeltingB. BoilingC. SublimationD. Condensation Please help with this! 2. How does the structure of an enzyme affect its function? A storage locker is 15 Ft long, 2 ft wide, and 4 ft high. How many boxes that are 3 ft long, 2 ft wide, and 1 ft high can the locker fit? In the photosynthesis equation, what does the subscript number mean?Question 2 options:Number of moleculesNumber of protonsNumber of electronsNumber of atoms 3.Why did business leaders begin the practice of vertical integration?A.Big companies could grow by merging with other companies or acquiring them.B.Factory workers could start in low positions and work their way up to management.C.Large corporations could control the cycle of a product from creation to sale.D.Small companies could grow so that they could compete with the larger companies.11. Why did the Exodusters leave the South?A.to get jobs working on the railroadB.to start ranches for raising cattleC.to escape racism and violenceD.to leave rural areas for eastern cities13. How were people of Chinese and Hispanic backgrounds treated differently from each other in America in the late 1800s?A.The Chinese people could easily get high-paying jobs while Hispanics had some of the lowest paying jobs.B.Hispanics were allowed to become American citizens, but the Chinese people were not able to become U.S. citizens.C.Hispanics were not considered to be equal by most white settlers, while the Chinese were regarded as equal.D.The Chinese were forced to integrate into American society while Hispanics were allowed to maintain their culture. Problem Set#3:Choose a situation that could be described by the following ratios, and write a sentence to describe the ratio in the context of the situation you chose.For example:3: 2 When making pink paint the art teacher uses the ratio 3:2. For every 3 cups of white paint she uses in the mixture, she needs to use 2 cups of red paint.a. 1 to 2b. 29 to 30c. 52:12*Answer A-C Following an earthquake, a client who was rescued from a collapsed building is seen in the emergency department. He has blunt trauma to the thorax and abdomen. The nursing observation that most suggests the client is bleeding is:a) orthostatic hypotension.b) a prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT).c) diminished breath sounds.d) a recent history of warfarin (Coumadin) usage. An adult should have no more than 2568 mg of sodium per day. What is this limit in kilograms (kg)? find the equation of the horizontal line that contains the point (-4,8). express the equation using either the general form of the slope intercept form of the equation of a line Melanie watched the path a baseball followed after a pitcher threw it. She noticed that the ball traveled horizontally away from the pitcher as well as downward toward the ground. What force caused the ball to accelerate in the downward direction when it was thrown? Find Sn for the given arithmetic series.a1 = 18, d = 3, n = 14 What is the ratio between the maximum elastic moment, MY, and the maximum plastic moment, MP, for a solid rectangular section made from a ductile, elastoplastic material? What is this ratio referred to?