Answer:
a) 5,3176x10⁻⁴ moles
b) 6,85x10⁻⁴ moles
c) The appropriate formula to calculate is Henderson-Hasselbalch.
d) pH = 4,86. Acidic solution but slighty
Explanation:
a) moles of acetic acid:
9,20x10⁻³L × 57,8x10⁻³M = 5,3176x10⁻⁴ moles
b) moles of sodium acetate:
56,2x10⁻³g ÷ 82,0 g/mole = 6,85x10⁻⁴ moles
c) The appropriate formula to calculate is Henderson-Hasselbalch:
pH= pka + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}[/tex]
d) pH= 4,75 + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[6,85x10_{-4}]}{[5,3176x10_{-4}]}[/tex]
pH = 4,86
3 < pH < 7→ Acidic solution but slighty
I hope it helps!
Write 605,400.34 in Scientific Notation with 4 significant figures.
Answer : The correct answer is, [tex]6.054\times 10^5[/tex]
Explanation :
Scientific notation : It is the representation of expressing the numbers that are too big or too small and are represented in the decimal form with one digit before the decimal point times 10 raise to the power.
For example :
5000 is written as [tex]5.0\times 10^3[/tex]
889.9 is written as [tex]8.899\times 10^{-2}[/tex]
In this examples, 5000 and 889.9 are written in the standard notation and [tex]5.0\times 10^3[/tex] and [tex]8.899\times 10^{-2}[/tex] are written in the scientific notation.
[tex]8.89\times 10^{-2}[/tex] this is written in the scientific notation and the standard notation of this number will be, 0.00889.
If the decimal is shifting to right side, the power of 10 is negative and if the decimal is shifting to left side, the power of 10 is positive.
As we are given the 605,400.34 in standard notation.
Now converting this into scientific notation, we get:
[tex]\Rightarrow 605,400.34=6.054\times 10^5[/tex]
As, the decimal point is shifting to left side, thus the power of 10 is positive.
Hence, the correct answer is, [tex]6.054\times 10^5[/tex]
Enter your answer in the box provided. How many grams of helium must be added to a balloon containing 6.24 g helium gas to double its volume? Assume no change in temperature or pressure. g
Answer : The mass of helium gas added must be 12.48 grams.
Explanation : Given,
Mass of helium (He) gas = 6.24 g
Molar mass of helium = 4 g/mole
First we have to calculate the moles of helium gas.
[tex]\text{Moles of }He=\frac{\text{Mass of }He}{\text{Molar mass of }He}=\frac{6.24g}{4g/mole}=1.56moles[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the moles of helium gas at doubled volume.
According to the Avogadro's law, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas at same pressure and temperature. That means,
[tex]V\propto n[/tex]
or,
[tex]\frac{V_1}{V_2}=\frac{n_1}{n_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas = V
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas = 2V
[tex]n_1[/tex] = initial moles of gas = 1.56 mole
[tex]n_2[/tex] = final moles of gas = ?
Now we put all the given values in this formula, we get
[tex]\frac{V}{2V}=\frac{1.56mole}{n_2}[/tex]
[tex]n_2=3.12mole[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the mass of helium gas at doubled volume.
[tex]\text{Mass of }He=\text{Moles of }He\times \text{Molar mass of }He[/tex]
[tex]\text{Mass of }He=3.12mole\times 4g/mole=12.48g[/tex]
Therefore, the mass of helium gas added must be 12.48 grams.
Final answer:
To double the volume of a helium balloon at constant temperature and pressure, an additional 6.24 grams of helium must be added, resulting in a total of 12.48 grams of helium in the balloon.
Explanation:
The question involves the concept of the molar volume of a gas, which is a central principle in chemistry, particularly in the context of gases under the ideal gas law. To double the volume of helium in a balloon at constant temperature and pressure, the amount of helium in moles must be doubled as well. If initially there are 6.24 grams of helium in the balloon, we first convert this mass to moles using the molar mass of helium (4.00 g/mol) and then calculate the additional moles (and hence grams) of helium needed to double the volume.
Initial moles of helium (n1): 6.24 g / 4.00 g/mol = 1.56 moles
To double the volume, we need another 1.56 moles of helium. The mass of additional helium required is:
Additional mass (Δm): 1.56 moles x 4.00 g/mol = 6.24 g
Therefore, to double the volume of the helium balloon, an additional 6.24 grams of helium gas must be added.
A species that is formed when a base gains conjugate base. b. conjugate acid. a proton is a c. strong base d. strong acid.
Answer:
The correct option is: conjugate acid
Explanation:
Bases are the chemical substances that are proton acceptors and electron-pair donors. Therefore, when a base accepts a hydrogen proton from an acid it forms a conjugate acid.
Therefore, conjugate acids are formed when a base accepts a hydrogen proton from an acid. Also, if the base is a weak base then its conjugate acid is strong. Whereas, if the base is a strong base then the conjugate acid is weak.
A species that forms when a base gains a proton is called a conjugate acid. This concept is a part of acid-base reactions involving conjugate acid-base pairs, where the strength of conjugates is inversely related to their parent compounds.
Explanation:When a base accepts a proton (H+), it becomes a conjugate acid. This process can be observed in acid-base reactions where a conjugate acid-base pair is formed; the base gains a proton to become the conjugate acid. Conversely, when an acid donates a proton, what remains is known as the conjugate base of that acid. The strength of these conjugate species is inversely related to their parent compounds. Notably, a conjugate base arises from a weak acid, and as such, may exhibit significant strength as a base itself, such as the acetate ion which is capable of accepting a hydrogen ion from water to produce acetic acid and a hydroxide ion.
Explain why the diffusion of an interstitial atom (such as C, N, O, etc.) is faster when diffusing through iron with a BCC crystal structure rather than an FCC crystal structure.
Answer and Explanation:
Interstitial diffusion allows the purity atom like (C, O, H) to occupy the interstitial sites in the atom which are abundantly present as a result of weaker bond formation with the surrounding atom.
The interstitial diffusion of iron in Body Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal lattice is faster than Face Centered Cubic (FCC) and the reason being that BCC structure is more open with more interstitial spaces than FCC structure.
Also the packing fraction of BCC lattice is less than that of FCC lattice.
For BCC is 0.68 whereas for FCC, it is 0.74
What is the formula for magnesium sulfite ?
Answer: The chemical formula for magnesium sulfite is [tex]MgSO_3[/tex]
Explanation:
The given compound is formed by the combination of magnesium and sulfite ions. This is an ionic compound.
Magnesium is the 12th element of periodic table having electronic configuration of [tex][Ne]3s^2[/tex].
To form [tex]Mg^{2+}[/tex] ion, this element will loose 2 electrons.
Sulfite ion is a polyatomic ion having chemical formula of [tex]SO_3^{2-}[/tex]
By criss-cross method, the oxidation state of the ions gets exchanged and they form the subscripts of the other ions. This results in the formation of a neutral compound.
So, the chemical formula for magnesium sulfite is [tex]MgSO_3[/tex]
Answer:
MgSO3
Explanation:
Diet cola drinks have a pH of about 3.0, while milk has a pHof
about 7.0. How many times greater is theH3O+
concentration in diet cola than inmilk?
A. 2.3 times higher in diet cola than in milk.
B. 400 times higher in diet cola than in milk.
C. 0.43 times higher in diet cola than in milk.
D. 1,000 times higher in diet cola than in milk.
E. 10,000 times higher in diet cola than in milk.
Answer:
[tex]H_{3}O^{+}[/tex] concentration is 10000 times higher in diet cola than milk
Explanation:
pH is negative logarithm of concentration of [tex]H_{3}O^{+}[/tex] in molarity. It is expressed as: [tex]pH=-log[H_{3}O^{+}][/tex]So, [tex][H_{3}O^{+}]=10^{-pH}[/tex](M)For diet cola, [tex][H_{3}O^{+}]=10^{-3.0}[/tex] (M)For milk, [tex][H_{3}O^{+}]=10^{-7.0}[/tex] (M)So, [tex]\frac{[H_{3}O^{+}](diet cola)}{[H_{3}O^{+}](milk)}=\frac{10^{-3.0}}{10^{-7.0}}=10^{4}=10000[/tex]Hence [tex]H_{3}O^{+}[/tex] concentration is 10000 times higher in diet cola than milkFinal answer:
The concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) is 10,000 times higher in diet cola with a pH of 3.0 than in milk with a pH of 7.0, due to the logarithmic nature of the pH scale where each pH unit represents a tenfold change in H3O+ concentration.
Explanation:
The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that each whole number on the pH scale represents a tenfold difference in hydronium ion concentration. Therefore, a change in pH unit corresponds to a change of a factor of 10 in the H3O+ concentration. Diet cola has a pH of about 3.0, and milk has a pH of about 7.0, a difference of 4 pH units. This implies that the hydronium ion concentration in diet cola is 104 times greater than in milk, as each unit difference accounts for a tenfold increase. Thus, the H3O+ concentration is 10,000 times higher in diet cola than in milk.
II. Binding Forces A. Write a brief, one or two sentence, description of each binding force listed below. 1. London dispersion forces (a.k.a. van der Waals or induced dipoles) 2. Dipole-dipole forces 3. Hydrogen bonding 4. Electrostatic interactions (Ionic bonds) 5. Hydrophobic interactions (effect) 6. Covalent bonds
Answer:
All description is given in explanation.
Explanation:
Van der Waals forces:
It is the general term used to describe the attraction or repulsion between the molecules. Vander waals force consist of two types of forces:
1. London dispersion forces
2. Dipole-dipole forces
1. London dispersion forces:
These are the weakest intermolecular forces. These are the temporary because when the electrons of atoms come close together they create temporary dipole, one end of an atom where the electronic density is high is create negative pole while the other becomes positive . These forces are also called induce dipole- induce dipole interaction.
2. Dipole-dipole forces:
These are attractive forces , present between the molecules that are permanently polar. They are present between the positive end of one polar molecules and the negative end of the other polar molecule.
Hydrogen bonding:
It is the electrostatic attraction present between the atoms which are chemically bonded. The one atom is hydrogen while the other electronegative atoms are oxygen, nitrogen or flourine. This is weaker than covalent and ionic bond.
Ionic bond or electrostatic attraction:
It is the electrostatic attraction present between the oppositely charged ions. This is formed when an atom loses its electron and create positive charge and other atom accept its electron and create negative charge.
Hydrophobic interaction:
It is the interaction between the water and hydrophobic material. The hydrophobic materials are long chain carbon containing compound. These or insoluble in water.
Covalent bond:
These compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms of same elements are between the different element's atoms. The covalent bond is less stronger than ionic bond so require less energy to break as compared to the energy require to break the ionic bond.
Explain what the horizontal and vertical lines of a Fischer Projection indicate about the structure of the molecule
Explanation:
Fischer Projections allow to represent the three dimensional molecular structures in two dimensional environment without the change in the properties or the structural integrity of the compound. It consists of horizontal as well as vertical lines both, where horizontal lines represent atoms which are pointed toward viewer while vertical line represents atoms which are pointed away from viewer. The point of the intersection between horizontal and vertical lines represents central carbon.
A runner wants to run 10.4 km . She knows that her running pace is 7.6 mi/h .
How many minutes must she run? Hint: Use 7.6 mi/h as a conversion factor between distance and time. Express your answer using two significant figures.
Answer:
The runner should run 51 minutes.
Explanation:
Distance wished by runner to cover = d = 10.4 km
Time taken by the runner to cover 10.4 km = T
Speed of the runner = 7.6 mile/hour
1 mile = 1.60934 km
1 hour = 60 min
[tex]7.6 mile/Hour=\frac{7.6\times 1.60934 km}{1\times 60 min}=0.2038 km/min[/tex]
[tex]Speed=\frac{Distance}{Time}[/tex]
[tex]T=\frac{10.4 km}{0.2038 km/min}=51.0179 min\approx 51 minutes[/tex]
The runner should run 51 minutes.
Calculate the number of moles of a gas that is present in a 7.55 L container at 45°C, if the gas exerts a pressure of 725mm Hg. Enter your answer in the box provided. mol
Answer: The number of moles of gas present is 0.276 moles
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles of gas, we use the equation given by ideal gas:
PV = nRT
where,
P = Pressure of the gas = 725 mm Hg
V = Volume of the gas = 7.55 L
n = number of moles of gas = ?
R = Gas constant = [tex]62.3637\text{ L.mmHg }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]
T = Temperature of the gas = [tex]45^oC=(45+273)K=318K[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]725mmHg\times 7.55L=n\times 62.3637\text{ L.mmHg }mol^{-1}K^{-1}\times 318K\\\\n=0.276mol[/tex]
Hence, the number of moles of gas present is 0.276 moles
What is the percent s character in an sp^2 hybridized orbital? 25% 33% 50% 67% 75%
Answer:
The correct option is: B. 33%
Explanation:
Orbital hybridisation refers to the mixing of atomic orbitals of the atoms in order to form new hybrid orbitals. The concept of orbital hybridization is used to explain the structure of a molecule.
The sp² hybrid orbitals are formed by the hybridization of one 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals. The three sp² hybrid orbitals formed have 33% s character and 67% p character.
Answer:
It's B. 33%
Explanation:
Because it refers to the mixing of atomic orbitals of the atoms in order to form new hybrid orbitals. The concept of orbital hybridization is used to explain the structure of a molecule.
Also, the sp² hybrid orbitals are formed by the hybridization of one 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals. Then the three sp² hybrid orbitals formed have 33% s character and 67% p character.
Specify the functional groups by letters (A to G) as given in the list below. Use only one letter per box. If there are fewer than three functional groups, leave the appropriate number of answer boxes empty. If a functional group is present MORE than once, provide ONLY ONE entry for these groups.)
CH3-HC(NH2)-CO-OH
(a) hydroxyl group in alcohol
(b) amino group
(c) aldehyde group
(d) ketone group
(e) carboxyl group
(f) ester group
(g) amide group
Answer:
(b) amino group
e) carboxyl group
Explanation:
The functional group in an organic compound distinguishes it from other compounds. It is usually the site where chemical reactions takes place.
CH₃-HC(NH₂)-COOH
There are two functional groups in this organic compoud:
The NH₂ group is called the amino groupThe COOH is a carboxyl groupA solution is made by mixing equal masses of methanol, CH4O, and ethanol, C2H6O. Determine the mole fraction of each component to at least three signA solution is made by mixing equal masses of methanol, CH4O, and ethanol, C2H6O. Determine the mole fraction of each component to at least three significant figures.ificant figures.
Answer: mole fraction of methanol = 0.590
mole fraction of ethanol = 0.410
Explanation:
We are given:
Equal masses of methanol [tex]CH_4O[/tex] and ethanol [tex]C_2H_6O[/tex] are mixed.
let the mass be x g.
Calculating the moles of methanol in the solution, by using the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}=\frac{xg}{32.04g/mol}[/tex]
Calculating the moles of ethanol in the solution, by using the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}=\frac{xg}{46.07g/mol}[/tex]
To calculate the mole fraction of methanol, we use the equation:
[tex]\chi_{methanol}=\frac{n_{methanol}}{n_{methaol}+n_{ethanol}}[/tex]
[tex]\chi_{methanol}=\frac{\frac{xg}{32.04g/mol}}{\frac{xg}{32.04g/mol}+\frac{xg}{46.07g/mol}}=0.590[/tex]
To calculate the mole fraction of ethanol, we use the equation:
[tex]\chi_{ethanol}=\frac{n_{ethanol}}{n_{methaol}+n_{ethanol}}[/tex]
[tex]\chi_{ethanol}=\frac{\frac{xg}{46.07g/mol}}{\frac{xg}{32.04g/mol}+\frac{xg}{46.07g/mol}}=0.410[/tex]
Thus mole fraction of methanol is 0.590 and mole fraction of ethanol 0.410 in three significant figures.
To compute the mole fractions, first calculate the number of moles of each component by dividing mass by molar mass. The mole fraction is then calculated as each component's moles divided by the total moles. The mole fractions of methanol and ethanol are approximately 0.591 and 0.409 respectively.
Explanation:To determine the mole fraction of methanol (CH4O) and ethanol (C2H6O) in a solution where equal masses of both are mixed, we first need to calculate the number of moles of each component. The number of moles is determined by the formula: moles = mass/molar mass. The molar mass of methanol is approximately 32.04 g/mol, and the molar mass of ethanol is approximately 46.07 g/mol.
Let's say that we've mixed 50g of each component. The moles of methanol would be 50g/32.04 g/mol which is approximately 1.56 moles. For ethanol, it would be 50g/46.07g/mol, approximately 1.08 moles.
Next, we calculate the total moles in the solution, which is the sum of moles of methanol and ethanol, or 1.56 moles methanol + 1.08 moles ethanol = 2.64 moles.
The mole fraction is then calculated as the number of moles of each component divided by the total moles. So, the mole fraction of methanol would be 1.56 moles methanol / 2.64 total moles = 0.591 to three significant figures. For ethanol, the mole fraction would be 1.08 moles ethanol / 2.64 total moles = 0.409 to three significant figures.
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A protein subunit from an enzyme is part of a research study and needs to be characterized. A total of 0.150 g of this subunit was dissolved in enough water to produce 2.00 mL of solution. At 28 ∘C the osmotic pressure produced by the solution was 0.138 atm. What is the molar mass of the protein?
To find the molar mass of the protein subunit, use the formula for osmotic pressure. Rearrange the formula to solve for M and plug in the given values. Convert the mass of the protein to moles using the molar mass.
Explanation:To find the molar mass of the protein subunit, we can use the formula for osmotic pressure, II = MRT. Given that the osmotic pressure is 0.138 atm and the temperature is 28 °C (which is 310 K), we can rearrange the formula to solve for M. The value of R is 0.08206 L atm/mol K. Plugging in the values, we get:
0.138 atm = M * (0.08206 L atm/mol K) * (310 K)
Solving for M gives:
M = 0.138 atm / (0.08206 L atm/mol K * 310 K)
Calculating this expression will give us the molarity of the solution. Since we dissolved 0.150 g of the protein subunit in enough water to make 2.00 mL of solution, we can convert this to moles using the molar mass of the protein. The molar mass is given by:
Molar mass = Mass / Moles
Therefore, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the molar mass:
Molar mass = Mass / Moles = (0.150 g / M) * (1 mol / 1000 g)
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Which of the following is (are) generally property of metals? 2. a) Electrical insulating b) Thermally conductive c) Mechanically brittle d) Typically gases or liquids
Answer:
b) Thermally conductive
Explanation:
Few properties of metals are:
Metals are hard except metals, sodium and potassium.Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity as they have free electrons.All metals are solids at the room temperature except mercury.Metals have high malleability and ductility.Hence, correct options is B. The rest are not properties of metals.
Explain why propanol is more soluble in water than propane
Explanation:
Propanol is [tex]CH_3CH_2CH_2OH[/tex] , whereas propane is [tex]CH_3CH_2CH_3[/tex].
There is a presence of hydroxyl group in propanol which leads to the formation of hydrogen bonds with water and thus become soluble in water. Such bonding do not exists in propane.
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of the dipole-dipole interaction and it occurs between hydrogen atom that is bonded to highly electronegative atom which is either fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen atom.
Partially positive end of the hydrogen atom is attracted to partially negative end of these atoms which is present in another molecule. It is strong force of attraction between the molecules.
Final answer:
Propanol is more soluble in water than propane due to the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group in propanol. The hydroxyl group allows propanol to engage in hydrogen bonding with water molecules, making it more soluble.
Explanation:
Propanol is more soluble in water than propane due to the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group in propanol. The hydroxyl group allows propanol to engage in hydrogen bonding with water molecules, making it more soluble. On the other hand, propane lacks a hydroxyl group and therefore cannot form hydrogen bonds with water, resulting in lower solubility in water.
What is the sum of the coefficient when the following equation is balanced:
__ H2SO4 + __ NaOH → __ H2O + __ Na2SO4
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. no right answer
Answer:
The sum of the coefficient is: 1 + 2 +2 + 1 = 6 ( option c)
Explanation:
First we will balance on both sides Na
On the right side we have 2x Na but on the left side we have only 1x Na. So we have to multiply NaOH on the left side by 2.
This will give us:
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH → H2O + Na2SO4
Now we have on both sides 2x Na
We see that on the left side we have 4x H ( 2x H of H2SO4 and 2x H of NaOH), but on the right side we only have 2x H. So, we have to multiply H2O on the right side by 2.
This will give us:
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH → 2 H2O + Na2SO4
Now we have on both sides 2x Na and 4x H.
Also the number of O is on both sides equal, due to this. ( Both sides have 6x O).
Finally, we have this reaction: H2SO4 + 2 NaOH → 2 H2O + Na2SO4
The sum of the coefficient is: 1 + 2 +2 + 1 = 6 ( option c)
Final answer:
The sum of the coefficients when the equation H2SO4 + NaOH → H2O + Na2SO4 is balanced is 6. The balanced equation is 1 H2SO4 + 2 NaOH → 2 H2O + 1 Na2SO4.
Explanation:
The sum of the coefficients when the chemical equation H2SO4 + NaOH → H2O + Na2SO4 is balanced is the total of the numbers that are used to balance the equation.
To balance the equation, we need to ensure that there is the same number of each type of atom on both the reactant and product sides of the equation. In this case, we balance the equation as follows: 1 H2SO4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → 2 H2O (l) + 1 Na2SO4 (aq). So, the coefficients in the balanced equation are 1, 2, 2, and 1 respectively.
Adding these coefficients, we get:
1 (for H2SO4) + 2 (for NaOH) + 2 (for H2O) + 1 (for Na2SO4) = 6.
The answer is option c: 6.
A gas mixture has a total pressure of 0.51 atm and consists of He and Ne. If the partial pressure of He in the mixture is 0.32 atm, what is the partial pressure of the Ne in the mixture? Enter your answer in the provided box. atm
The concept at hand is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, stating that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of their individual partial pressures. Knowing the total pressure and the partial pressure of He, you can calculate the partial pressure of Ne as 0.19 atm.
Explanation:The question revolves around the concept known as Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures. In a mixture of non-reactive gasses, Dalton's Law states that the total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each component gas. In simpler terms, total pressure is the sum of the pressures of each individual gas.
If the total pressure of a gas mixture consisting of He (Helium) and Ne (Neon) is given as 0.51 atm, and we know the partial pressure of He is 0.32 atm, then we can calculate the partial pressure of Ne. Since the partial pressure of any given gas in a mixture is part of the total pressure, subtracting the known He partial pressure from the total will provide the Ne partial pressure:
Total pressure - He partial pressure = Ne partial pressure
So, 0.51 atm (total) - 0.32 atm (He) = 0.19 atm (Ne).
Hence, the partial pressure of the Ne in the mixture is 0.19 atm.
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Five million gallons per day (MGD) of wastewater, with a concentration of 10.0 mg/L of a conservative pollutant, is released into a stream having an upstream flow of 10 MGD and pollutant concentration of 3.0 mg/L. What is the concentration in ppm just downstream of the release point? How many pounds of substance per day pass a given spot downstream?
Answer:
a) The concentration in ppm (mg/L) is 5.3 downstream the release point.
b) Per day pass 137.6 pounds of pollutant.
Explanation:
The first step is to convert Million Gallons per Day (MGD) to Liters per day (L/d). In that sense, it is possible to calculate with data given previously in the problem.
Million Gallons per day [tex]1 MGD = 3785411.8 litre/day = 3785411.8 L/d[/tex]
[tex]F_1 = 5 MGD (\frac{3785411.8 L/d}{1MGD} ) = 18927059 L/d\\F_2 =10 MGD (\frac{3785411.8 L/d}{1MGD} )= 37854118 L/d [/tex]
We have one flow of wastewater released into a stream.
First flow is F1 =5 MGD with a concentration of C1 =10.0 mg/L.
Second flow is F2 =10 MGD with a concentration of C2 =3.0 mg/L.
After both of them are mixed, the final concentration will be between 3.0 and 10.0 mg/L. To calculate the final concentration, we can calculate the mass of pollutant in total, adding first and Second flow pollutant, and dividing in total flow. Total flow is the sum of first and second flow. It is shown in the following expression:
[tex]C_f = \frac{F1*C1 +F2*C2}{F1 +F2}[/tex]
Replacing every value in L/d and mg/L
[tex]C_f = \frac{18927059 L/d*10.0 mg/L +37854118 L/d*10.0 mg/L}{18927059 L/d +37854118 L/d}\\C_f = \frac{302832944 mg/d}{56781177 L/d} \\C_f = 5.3 mg/L[/tex]
a) So, the concentration just downstream of the release point will be 5.3 mg/L it means 5.3 ppm.
Finally, we have to calculate the pounds of substance per day (Mp).
We have the total flow F3 = F1 + F2 and the final concentration [tex]C_f[/tex]. It is required to calculate per day, let's take a time of t = 1 day.
[tex]F3 = F2 +F1 = 56781177 L/d \\M_p = F3 * t * C_f\\M_p = 56781177 \frac{L}{d} * 1 d * 5.3 \frac{mg}{L}\\M_p = 302832944 mg[/tex]
After that, mg are converted to pounds.
[tex]M_p = 302832944 mg (\frac{1g}{1000 mg} ) (\frac{1Kg}{1000 g} ) (\frac{2.2 lb}{1 Kg} )\\M_p = 137.6 lb[/tex]
b) A total of 137.6 pounds pass a given spot downstream per day.
Reaction Rates
Part A
For the arbitrary reaction,
A + B ? C + D
The following initial rates were measured given the initial concentrations of A and B. Determine the rate order for both A and B.
[A]o [B]o Initial Rate (M/s)
0.12 0.22 0.00639
0.24 0.22 0.0128
0.12 0.11 0.00639
Part B
-0th order in A and 1st order in B
-2nd order in A and 0th order in B
-1st order in A and 1st order in B
-1st order in A and 0th order in B
The following arbitrary reaction is exothermic:
A + B ? C + D
Predict what will happen to the rate of the reaction if the temperature is increased.
-The reaction rate will decrease.
-Equilibrium is shifted to the left.
-The reaction rate increases.
-There will be no change in rate.
Answer:
PART A 1st order in A and 0th order in B
Part B The reaction rate increases
Explanation:
PART A
The rate law of the arbitrary chemical reaction is given by
[tex]-r_A=k\times\left[A\right]^\alpha\times\left[B\right]^\beta\bigm[/tex]
Replacing for the data
Expression 1 [tex]0.00639=k\times{0.12}^\alpha\times{0.22}^\beta[/tex]
Expression 2 [tex]0.01280=k\times{0.24}^\alpha\times{0.22}^\beta[/tex]
Expression 3 [tex]0.00639=k\times{0.12}^\alpha\times{0.11}^\beta[/tex]
Making the quotient between the fist two expressions
[tex]\frac{0.00639}{0.01280}=\left(\frac{0.12}{0.24}\right)^\alpha[/tex]
Then the expression for [tex]\alpha[/tex]
[tex]\alpha=\frac{ln\frac{0.00639}{0.01280}}{ln\frac{0.12}{0.24}}=1\bigm[/tex]
Doing the same between the expressions 1 and 3
[tex]\frac{0.00639}{0.00639}=\left(\frac{0.22}{0.11}\right)^\beta[/tex]
Then
[tex]\beta=\frac{ln\frac{0.00639}{0.00639}}{ln\frac{0.22}{0.11}}=0\bigm[/tex]
This means that the reaction is 1st order respect to A and 0th order respect to B .
PART B
By the molecular kinetics theory, if an increment in the temperature occurs, the molecules will have greater kinetic energy and, consequently, will move faster. Thus, the possibility of colliding with another molecule increases. These collisions are necessary for the reaction. Therefore, an increase in temperature necessarily produces an increase in the reaction rate.
To convert from liters/second to cubic gallons/minute, multiply the number of liters/second by 15.850 0 0.0353 00.2642 0 60
Answer: 15.850
Explanation:
The conversion used from liters to gallons is:
1 L = 0.264172 gallon
The conversion used from sec to min is:
60 sec = 1 min
1 sec =[tex]\frac{1}{60}\times 1=0.017min[/tex]
We are asked: liters/sec = gallons/min
[tex]liters/sec=\frac{0.264172}{0.017}=15.850gallons/min[/tex]
Therefore, to convert from liters/second to gallons/minute, multiply the number of liters/second by 15.850.
The equation for density, d, is
d=m/V
where m is mass and V is volume.
What is the density, d, of a substance with a volume of V = 18.2 cm3 and a mass of m = 61.6 g ?
Express your answer numerically in grams per cubic centimeter.
Answer: The density of substance is [tex]3.38g/cm^3[/tex]
Explanation:
To calculate density of a substance, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}[/tex]
We are given:
Mass of substance = 61.6 g
Volume of substance = [tex]18.2cm^3[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\frac{61.6g}{18.2cm^3}\\\\\text{Density of substance}=3.38g/cm^3[/tex]
Hence, the density of substance is [tex]3.38g/cm^3[/tex]
Final answer:
The density of the substance with a mass of 61.6 g and a volume of 18.2 [tex]cm^3[/tex] is 3.385 g/[tex]cm^3[/tex], calculated by dividing mass by volume using the density formula.
Explanation:
The density of a substance is calculated using the formula d = m/V, where d is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.
To find the density of a substance with a given mass and volume, you simply divide the mass by the volume. For a substance with a mass of m = 61.6 g and a volume of V = 18.2 [tex]cm^3[/tex], the density d would be calculated as follows:
d = m/V
d = 61.6 g / 18.2 [tex]cm^3[/tex]
d \3.385 g/[tex]cm^3[/tex]
This means that the density measurement of the substance is 3.385 grams per cubic centimeter, expressed as g/[tex]cm^3[/tex].
Tritium H) is an isotope of hydrogen that is sometimes used to make the hands of watches glow in the dark. The half-life of tritium is 123 years. If you start with 1 milligram of trition and wait 49 years, approximately how much of the original tritium remains? O a.6.25 Ob.3.12% O c.25 O d. 506 O e 12.5%
Answer:
Percentage of the isotope left is 75.87 %.
Explanation:
Initial mass of the isotope = 1 mg
Time taken by the sample, t = [tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}=123 years[/tex]
Formula used :
[tex]N=N_o\times e^{-\lambda t}\\\\\lambda =\frac{0.693}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}[/tex]
where,
[tex]N_o[/tex] = initial mass of isotope
N = mass of the parent isotope left after the time, (t)
[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}[/tex] = half life of the isotope
[tex]\lambda[/tex] = rate constant
[tex]\lambda =\frac{0.693}{123 year}=0.005635 year^{-1}[/tex]
[tex]N=N_o\times e^{-\lambda \times t}[/tex]
Now put all the given values in this formula, we get
[tex]N=1 mg\times e^{-0.005634 year^{-1}\times 49 years}[/tex]
[tex]N=0.7587 mg[/tex]
Percentage of the isotope left:
[tex]\frac{N}{N_o}\times 100[/tex]
=[tex]\frac{0.7587 mg}{1 mg}\times 100[/tex]
Percentage of the isotope left is 75.87 %.
Which statement about entropy is true? O Non-spontaneous reactions sometimes will happen all by themselves. O Entropy stops when pure substances are in solid state The entropy of the universe is increasing. o During a change of state there is no change in entropy.
Answer:
Explanation:
Entropy stops when pure substances are in solid state: false. The entropy is 0 when the temperature is 0K, not by the solid state.The entropy of the universe is increasing. true. The second law of thermodynamics says: The level of disorder in the universe is steadily increasing.During a change of state there is no change in entropy. false. A change of state occurs with a change of the energy of the system and a change of energy always will change the entropy of the systemNon-spontaneous reactions sometimes will happen all by themselves false. Non-spontaneous reactions never occurs by themselves. Also, this have no immediate relation between non-spontaneous reactions and entropy. Also you have to study the enthalpy of the process.I hope it helps!
The mass flow rate of gasoline leaving a refinery is 1610 kg/min. The specific gravity of a gasoline is 0.700.
A retail gasoline pump is able to fill a 20.0 gallon automobile tank in 1.80 minutes. What is the mass flow rate deliverd by the gasoline pump in lbm/min?
Answer:
mass flow = 64.9086 Lbm/min
Explanation:
SG = 0.700 = ρ gas / ρ H2O
∴ ρ H2O = 1000 Kg/m³
⇒ ρ gas = 700 Kg/m³
∴ F auto tank = 20.0 gal / 1.8 min = 11.11 gal/min * ( m³/264.172 gal)
⇒ F auto = 0.042 m³/min
⇒ mass flow = 0.042 m³/min * (700 Kg/m³) * ( 2.20462 Lbm/ Kg )
⇒ mass flow = 64.9086 Lbm/min
Calculate the amount of CO2 (in kg) released when 1 kg of coal is burned. Assume that carbon content of the coal is 50% by mass.
Burning 1 kg of coal with a 50% carbon content produces 1.833 kg of CO2 after performing a stoichiometric calculation based on the molar masses of carbon and CO2.
To calculate the amount of CO2 released when 1 kg of coal is burned, we first consider that the coal is 50% carbon by mass. This means that 0.5 kg (or 500 g) of that coal is carbon. Using the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction (C + O2 -> CO2), we find that each 12 grams of carbon (C) will produce 44 grams of CO2 (since the molar mass of carbon is 12 g/mol, and the molar mass of CO2 is 44 g/mol).
Therefore, to find out how much CO2 is produced from the carbon in coal, you can use the ratio (44 g CO2 / 12 g C). Calculating the amount of CO2 produced from 500 g of carbon:
500 g C x (44 g CO2 / 12 g C) = 1833.33 g CO2
Converting this to kilograms:
1833.33 g CO2 x (1 kg / 1000 g) = 1.833 kg CO2
A slug is the mass of an object that will accelerate at a rate of 1 ft/s^2 when subjected to 1 lbf (pound force). 1 lb, f = 1 slug*ft/(s^2) Calculate the mass in slugs of an 246 lb,m object
Answer:
Mass of 246 lb object is 7.646 slugs.
Explanation:
Mass of the object = m
Weight of the object = W = 246 lb
Acceleration due to gravity= g = [tex]32.174 ft/s^2[/tex]
[tex] Weight=mass \times g[/tex]
[tex]W=mg[/tex]
[tex]1 lb=slugs\times 1 ft/s^2[/tex]
[tex]1 slugs=\frac{lb\times s^2}{ft}[/tex]
[tex]m=\frac{W}{g}=\frac{246 lb}{32.174 ft/s^2}=7.646 lb s^2/ft=7.646 slugs[/tex]
Mass of 246 lb object is 7.646 slugs.
calculate the molarity of sodium ion in a solution made
bymixing 3.58 ml of 0.288 M sodium chloride with 500 ml of 6.51
times1/1000 M sodium sulfate ( assume volumes are additive ).
To determine the amount of sodium ions [tex]\rm (Na^+)[/tex]in the final solution, we need to take into account the contribution of sodium ions from both sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate ([tex]\rm Na_2SO_4[/tex]). The volumes can be considered as individual contributions and then added together because they are additive.
Sodium chloride (NaCl):
Given volume of NaCl solution = 3.58 ml
Molarity of NaCl = 0.288 M
Number of moles of NaCl = Molarity × Volume (in liters)
So, the number of moles of NaCl = 0.288 M × (3.58 / 1000) L = 0.00082704 moles
The amount of sodium ions from NaCl is also 0.00082704 moles because each molecule of sodium chloride dissociates into one sodium ion ([tex]\rm Na^+[/tex]).
Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄):
Given volume of Na₂SO₄ solution = 500 ml
Molarity of Na₂SO₄ = 6.51 * 1/1000 M = 0.00651 M
Number of moles of Na₂SO₄ = Molarity × Volume (in liters)
So, the number of moles of Na₂SO₄ = 0.00651 M × (500 / 1000) L = 0.003255 moles
Since [tex]\rm Na_2SO_4[/tex] gives 2 sodium ions ([tex]\rm Na^+[/tex]) per formula unit, the amount of sodium ions from [tex]\rm Na_2SO_4[/tex] is 2 * 0.003255 = 0.00651 moles.
Adding the moles of sodium ions from both sources:
Total moles of sodium ions = Moles from NaCl + Moles from Na₂SO₄
Total moles of sodium ions = 0.00082704 + 0.00651 = 0.00733704 moles
So, the molarity of sodium ions in the final solution:
Molarity of sodium ions = Total moles of sodium ions / Total volume (in liters)
Molarity of sodium ions = 0.00733704 moles / (500 / 1000 + 3.58 / 1000) L ≈ 0.0162 M
Therefore, the molarity of sodium ions in the final solution is approximately 0.0162 M.
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The molarity of sodium ions in the solution made by mixing 3.58 mL of 0.288 M sodium chloride and 500 mL of 6.51/1000 M sodium sulfate is 0.00851 M.
Explanation:To calculate the molarity of sodium ions in the mixture, we need first to calculate the moles of sodium in each solution and then sum those up. This can then be divided by the total volume of the mixture in liters.
For sodium chloride:
moles = Molarity * volume = 0.288 mol/L * 3.58 mL * (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.00103 mol
For sodium sulfate:
moles = Molarity * volume = 6.51/1000 mol/L * 500 mL * (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.00326 mol
Total moles of sodium ions = moles from sodium chloride + moles from sodium sulfate = 0.00103 mol + 0.00326 mol = 0.00429 mol
Total volume = volume of sodium chloride + volume of sodium sulfate = 3.58 mL + 500 mL = 503.58 mL = 0.50358 L
Therefore, molarity = moles / volume = 0.00429 mol / 0.50358 L = 0.00851 M
So, the molarity of sodium ions in the solution is 0.00851 M.
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pre: 772/2900 Convert 9.23 um to inches. Given that: 1in = 2.54cm. 9.23 um = about us careen privacy policy terms of use
Answer:
9.23 μm = 0.000363 in
Explanation:
In order to convert 9.23 μm into inches, we need to keep in mind two conversion factors:
1 in = 2.54 cm1 cm = 10000 μmNow we proceed to calculate, keeping in the denominator the unit we want to convert, and in the numerator the unit that we wish to convert to:
[tex]9.23um*\frac{1cm}{10000um}*\frac{1in}{2.54cm} =0.0363 in[/tex]
Thus 9.23 μm are equal to 0.000363 inches.
Round 51.32975248 to the requested number of significant figure a. 2 significant figures 5 c. 6 significant figures b. S significant figures d. 7 significant figures
Answer:
a) 51.00000000 c) 51.32980000 d) 51.32975000
Explanation:
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