Answer:
Explanation:
Using future annuity formula
Fv = Pmt ( (1+r)ⁿ -1 )/ r
[tex]\frac{FVr}{Pmt}[/tex] + 1 = (1+r)ⁿ
In ( [tex]\frac{FVr}{Pmt}[/tex] + 1) = n In ( 1+r)
n = In ( [tex]\frac{FVr}{Pmt}[/tex] + 1) / In ( 1 + r)
FV, future value = $10,000, Pmt, periodic payment per year = $1,100, r rate = 11.82% = 0.1182 and n = number of years
n = 0.7297 / 0.11172 = 6.53 years approx 7 years
the last year payment will actually be less than $1,100
Shutterstock/Rowpel.com Knowledge Check 01 Voluntary deductions from employee pay can include all of the following: (You may select more than one answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer. Any boxes left with a question mark will be automatically graded as incorrect.)
a. Medicare taxes
b. Pension contributions
c. Life insurance premiums
d. Social Security taxes
e. Union dues
Answer: Pension contributions.
Life insurance premiums
Union dues.
Explanation:
The employee is the one who decides if they want to pay Pension contributions, Life insurance premiums or Union dues as these are considered Voluntary deductions meaning that they have to elect for them to be subtracted from gross pay for it to actually happen. If they do not wish for them to be deducted it is their own prerogative.
Medicare Taxes and Social Security Taxes are however mandatory and have to be paid from employee salary.
Voluntary deductions from an employee's pay can include contributions to a pension plan like a 401(k), life insurance premiums, and union dues. Medicare taxes and Social Security taxes are mandatory and not considered voluntary deductions.
Voluntary deductions from employee pay can include several different types of payments that the employee elects to have withheld from their paycheck.
These are not the same as compulsory payroll taxes like Social Security taxes and Medicare. Voluntary payroll deductions can include pension contributions, such as a 401(k) plan, where employees authorize a payroll deduction, often matched by the employer, which is valuable as those deductions are tax-deferred. Another example of voluntary deductions includes payments for life insurance premiums, which provide financial benefits to a designated beneficiary upon the employee's death. Additionally, employees who are members of labor unions might have union dues automatically deducted from their pay.
However, Medicare taxes and Social Security taxes are not considered voluntary deductions. They are mandatory payroll taxes, both of which have fixed rates and are deducted from an employee's wages. Employers also pay a portion of these taxes on behalf of their employees directly from the employer's own funds.
Frank & Sons, a 100% equity financed firm, has a beta equal to 1.3. The firm’s stock is currently trading at $25 per share, and pays a $1.50 per share dividend. Treasury securities are trading at prices that result in a 7% yield, while current projections claim a 15% return from the stock market. What is Frank & Sons’ required rate of return on average risk projects?
Answer:
The required rate of return on the risky projects is 17.40%
Explanation:
The required rate of return on average risky projects of Frank and Sons can be computed using the cost of equity formula below:
Ke=Rf+beta*(Mr-Rf)
Rf is the risk rate of return on government security which is 7%
beta is the sensitivity of the project to market return is 1.3
Mr is the market expected return which is 15%
Ke=7%+1.3*(15%-7%)
Ke=7%+1.3*8%
Ke=7%+10.4%
Ke=17.40%
The required rate of return on the risky projects is 17.40%
A channel of distribution: A. is any series of firms or individuals who participate in the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or final user. B. is only needed when products must be stored. C. must include one or more intermediaries. D. is only needed when products are sold indirectly. E. None of these alternatives is a good answer.
Answer:
A. is any series of firms or individuals who participate in the flow of goods and services from producer to consumer or final user.
Explanation:
For the past year, Teddy has had a part-time job at which he is willing to work 30 hours each week. During Teddy's annual review, his boss grants him an 8 percent increase in his wage. As a result of the wage increase, Teddy is now willing to work 25 hours each week. Teddy's opportunity cost of ________ has risen and because for Teddy the substitution effect of the wage hike is ________ than the income effect.
Answer:
Teddy's opportunity cost of leisure has risen and because for Teddy the substitution effect of the wage hike is greater than the income effect.
Explanation:
Wage rate is considered as the opportunity cost of leisure.
Along these lines, increment in wage rate infers an expansion in circumstance cost of recreation.
In the event that a laborer works progressively after pay increment, at that point replacement impact of compensation increment overwhelms or is more prominent than salary impact of pay increment and the other way around.
Final answer:
Teddy's willingness to work fewer hours after a wage increase indicates that the opportunity cost of leisure has increased and the income effect is stronger than the substitution effect in his labor supply decision.
Explanation:
The question pertains to the economics concepts of substitution and income effects as they apply to labor supply decisions following a wage increase. When Teddy gets an 8 percent increase in his wage and decides to work 25 hours each week, we can say that Teddy's opportunity cost of leisure has risen. This is because leisure has become relatively more expensive due to the higher wage, and if he chose to work, he could earn more. However, Teddy decides to work fewer hours, indicating that for him, the income effect is stronger than the substitution effect.
The income effect refers to Teddy having the ability to maintain his standard of living with fewer working hours due to increased wages. As Teddy is now willing to work fewer hours, the income effect, which is the desire to enjoy more leisure time as one's income increases, outweighs the substitution effect - the tendency to work more as wages increase because other uses of time become relatively more expensive.
In Teddy's case, despite the potential to earn more due to increased hourly wage, the preference for leisure time dominates his labor supply decision. The income effect's dominance over the substitution effect means that the overall quantity of labor he is willing to supply has decreased.
A quality inspector for Alpha-Beta Co. is concerned about the quality of the batch of several thousand blank DVD disks which his company produced this week and is preparing to ship. If the cost of replacing a defective DVD disk once it has been shipped is $2.50, while the cost for 80% inspection prior to shipment is $0.32 each, while the cost of 100% inspection prior to shipment is $0.40 each, at what point is she indifferent between 100% inspection and shipment without inspection?
a. 12.8% defectives
b. 16% defectives
c. 20% defectives
d. 32% defectives
Answer:
b. 16% defectives
Explanation:
Let the number of units shipped be N
Let the defect rate be y%
Cost of replacing defectives once shipped = (y/100)×N× 2.5 ........equation (1)
Cost of 100% inspection = N × 0.4 .........equation (2)
At the indifference point, both costs, that is the replacement cost and inspection cost are equal. Therefore, we make both equations (1) and (2) equal.
N × 0.4 = (y/100)×N× 2.5
100 × 0.4 = y ×2.5
y = 40/2.5 = 16
She is indifferent at 16% defectives
"icrosoft announced a 2 for 1 stock split. Before the split they had 5.4b shares outstanding and par value was $0.0000125. Before the split the balance in the Common Stock account was: $ After the split shares outstanding are (in billions): After the split par value is: After the split the balance in Common Stock is $"
Answer: Balance before Split - $67,500
After Split No. of shares - 10.8 billion
After Split Par Value - $0.00000625
After Split Balance - $67,500
Explanation:
Microsoft had 5.4b shares outstanding and par value was $0.0000125.
Before the split the balance in the Common Stock account was:
We will multiply the no. Of shares outstanding by the par value.
= 5.4 billion * $0.0000125
= $67,500
After the split shares outstanding are (in billions):
The split was a 2 for 1 split meaning the shares doubled. That would mean,
= 5.4b * 2
= 10.8 billion shares outstanding
After the split par value is:
It was a 2 for 1 split. That would mean that prices had to have halved. Calculating therefore,
= $0.0000125/2
= $0.00000625
After the split the balance in Common Stock is
= 10.8 billion shares * $0.00000625
= $67,500
Balance remained the same showing that total equity remains the same. Only no of shares and price changes.
Answer:
Before the split the balance in the Common Stock account was: $67,500
After the split shares outstanding are (in billions): 10.8
After the split par value is: $0.00000625
After the split the balance in Common Stock is $67,500
Explanation:
Stock split increase the numbers of shares with a specific given ratio but the common equity value remains same that's why the par value of the share decreases with respective ratio.
Before the split the balance in the Common Stock account was:
Common Stock = 5,400,000,000 shares x 0.0000125 = $67,500
After the split shares outstanding are (in billions):
2 for 1 split will double the Outstanding numbers of shares
Outstanding numbers of shares = 5.4b shares x 2/1 = 10.8b shares
After the split par value is:
Total value of stock remains same after the split
Par value = Total value / Outstanding numbers of shares after split
Par value = $67,500 / 10,800,000,000 = $0.00000625
After the split the balance in Common Stock is $"
Balance in the common stock will remain same as $67,500
One of the different manual controls necessary for managing risk is ________________, which is a type of formal management verification. In the process, management confirms that a condition is present and that security controls and policies are in place. attestation background checks log reviews access rights review
Answer:
attestation
Explanation:
Attestation can be described as the an action of providing evidence or proof, or to formally certify that necessary security requirements have met and confirming that security measures on ground. One of the purpose of attestation is to assist in managing risk.
Therefore, one of the different manual controls necessary for managing risk is attestation.
Inventory Valuation under Absorption Costing and Variable Costing At the end of the first year of operations, 21,500 units remained in the finished goods inventory. The unit manufacturing costs during the year were as follows: Direct materials $30 Direct labor 18 Fixed factory overhead 22 Variable factory overhead 14 Determine the cost of the finished goods inventory reported on the balance sheet under (a) the absorption costing concept and (b) the variable costing concept.
Answer:
Absorption Costing = $ 84
Absorption Ending F. Goods$ 1806000
Variable Costing =$ 62
Variable Ending F. Goods $ 1333000
Explanation:
Absorption Costing accounts for the full costs including fixed costs for inventory evaluation whereas Variable Costing only accounts for variable Costs.
Variable Costing Absorption Costing
Materials $ 30 $30
Labor 18 18
FOH
Variable 14 14
Fixed ------- 22
Total Manufacturing Costs 62 84
Ending F. Goods Units 21,500 21,500
Total Costs $ 1333000 $ 1806000
Absorption Costing = Direct materials $30+ Direct labor 18+ Fixed factory overhead 22+ Variable factory overhead 14 = $ 84
Variable Costing =Direct materials $30 + Direct labor 18 +Variable factory overhead 14 = $ 62
a. The cost of finished goods inventory under the concept of absorption costing should be $1,806,000.
b. The cost of finished goods inventory under the variable costing concept should be $1,333,000
Calculation of the cost of finished goods inventory:a. Under the absorption costing:
= (30+18+22+14)*21500
= $1,806,000
b. Under the variable costing
= (30+18+14)*21500
= $1,333,000
Also, the only difference between variable costing and absorption costing should be because of the fixed manufacturing overhead is absorbed since a product cost should be charged under absorption costing while on the other hand, it is charged as a period cost under variable costing
Learn more about variable here: https://brainly.com/question/24558942
Consider a monopolist facing a linear demand curve. Assume the marginal cost of production is constant. This would be true whether the industry is served by a monopolist or by a number of competitive firms. Suppose you know that the monopoly is inefficient because it produces 200 fewer units than what would be produced if the market is competitive. The monopoly quantity must be:_________
Answer:
200 units
Explanation:
Perfect Competition are many firms selling similar products at same prices. So, constant prices imply that their marginal revenue = average revenue = price.
Monopoly is single seller of products. Their MR curve is below their AR curve. And, it is also twice steeper than AR (demand) curve, because it has double slope then that.
So, perfect competition is at equilibrium where MC = (MR = AR = P). However monopoly's optimum output is where MR = MC, & the optimal price is found by corresponding point at higher AR (demand) curve.
Given that MC curve is constant : Monopoly's output will be half perfect competition output, as per above explanation. So, if monopoly is producing 200 less than perfect competitive output. Being it half the perfect competition output, it could be producing output = 200 currently.
The monopoly quantity produced must be 200 units less than the quantity that would be produced in a perfectly competitive market, which means Qm = Qc - 200.
The question pertains to a monopolist facing a linear demand curve and operating with constant marginal costs, in comparison to a theoretical competitive market outcome. In a perfectly competitive market, firms produce where price equals marginal cost (P = MC), which is also the point where marginal cost equals marginal revenue (MC = MR). Since it is given that the monopoly produces 200 units less than what would be produced in a competitive market, the quantity produced by the monopolist (Qm) is less than the efficient quantity (Qc) which would be produced competitively. Thus, if the competitive market would produce Qc units, and the monopoly produces 200 fewer units, then the monopoly quantity must be Qc - 200.
Classify the following as either a revenue or a capital expenditure.
a. Paid $40,000 cash to replace a motor on equipment that extends its useful life by four years.
b. Paid $200 cash per truck for the cost of their annual tune-ups.
c. Paid $175 for the monthly cost of replacement filters on an air-conditioning system.
d. Completed an addition to a building for $225,000 cash.
Answer and Explanation:
The capital expenditure is the expenditure which is held for a capital asset i.e fixed assets for improving life, production, etc. It is a one-time expenditure
While on the other hand the revenue expenditure is the expenditure which is incurred on daily basis i.e frequently like repairs, maintenance
So based on the above, the classification is as follows
a. Capital expenditure
b. Revenue expenditure
c. Revenue expenditure
d. Capital expenditure
Delivery Service purchased a commercial umbrella policy with a $10 million liability limit and a $100,000 self-insured retention. The umbrella insurer required Delivery Service to carry a $1 million per-occurrence limit on its general liability policy and a $1 million peroccurrence limit on its business auto policy. A Delivery Service driver was intoxicated while driving a company van and killed another motorist. The court ruled that Delivery Service must pay damages in the amount of $5 million. How much, if any, of this amount will the umbrella insurer pay? Explain your answer
Answer:
Business umbrella approach gives inclusion to the firm against those misfortunes that may bankrupt the firm. The arrangement covers a definitive misfortune in abundance of held breaking point happens because of real injury, property harm, promoting and individual injury. A definitive misfortune is the lawful risk to which back up plan is committed to pay. As far as possible is the accessible furthest reaches of the fundamental protection. According to the umbrella arrangement, the protected needs to keep up some base measure of obligation before the case is paid by the umbrella strategy. In the event that the guaranteed is secured under some other strategy, at that point first that sum is paid and remaining sum is paid by umbrella approach in the wake of fulfilling oneself safeguarded maintenance.
The complete loss to the organization is $5 million, at that point $1 million will be paid by general obligation strategy and $1 million will be paid by business auto approach. Out of the remaining $3 million, self-safeguarded limit is $100,000 which demonstrates that $2.9 million ($3 million less 5100,000) will be paid by umbrella arrangement.
Profit = -5 x2^1 + 38X1 - 5X2^2 +44 X2 +520
where x1 and x2 represent number of units of production of basic and advanced iPods, respectively.
Production time required for the basic iPod is 6 hours per unit, and production time required for the advanced iPod is 8 hours per unit. Currently, 50 hours are available. The cost of hours is already factored into the profit function. Formulate an optimization problem that can be used to find the optimal production quantity of basic and advanced iPods. Implement
Answer:
Explanation:
Attached is the solution
Presented below are a number of balance sheet items for Coronado, Inc., for the current year, 2017. Goodwill $ 126,590 Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment $ 292,240 Payroll Taxes Payable 179,181 Inventory 241,390 Bonds payable 301,590 Rent payable (short-term) 46,590 Discount on bonds payable 15,240 Income taxes payable 99,952 Cash 361,590 Rent payable (long-term) 481,590 Land 481,590 Common stock, $1 par value 201,590 Notes receivable 447,290 Preferred stock, $10 par value 151,590 Notes payable (to banks) 266,590 Prepaid expenses 89,510 Accounts payable 491,590 Equipment 1,471,590 Retained earnings ? Debt investments (trading) 122,590 Income taxes receivable 99,220 Accumulated Depreciation-Buildings 270,440 Notes payable (long-term) 1,601,590 Buildings 1,641,590 Prepare a classified balance sheet in good form. Common stock authorized was 400,000 shares, and preferred stock authorized was 20,000 shares. Assume that notes receivable and notes payable are short-term, unless stated otherwise. Cost and fair value of debt investments (trading) are the same. (List Current Assets in the order of liquidity. List Property, Plant and Equipment in order of Land, Building and Equipment.)
Answer:
A classified balance sheet is a class of balance sheet presentation that carefully displays all account balance listings into subcategories and in order of liquidity.
It is easier for a reader of the Account to follow the narrative and draw conclusions quickly, requiring less assumptions or queries from analysts over the qualification of the items.
Explanation
The balance sheet is contained in the attached document to preserve its form.
Final answer:
Provided is a detailed classified balance sheet for Coronado, Inc. for the year 2017, listing assets, liabilities, and equity items. The summary adheres to the specific order of categories as requested, offering a clear depiction of the company's financial status.
Explanation:
Balance Sheet for Coronado, Inc. as of 2017:
Assets:
Cash: $361,590
Notes Receivable: $447,290
Inventory: $241,390
Land: $481,590
Equipment: $1,471,590
Liabilities:
Accounts Payable: $491,590
Notes Payable (to banks): $266,590
Bonds Payable: $301,590
Equity:
Common Stock: $201,590
Preferred Stock: $151,590
Retained Earnings: Calculated
On January 6 of the current year Paxton and Jackson form PJ LLC. Their contributions to the LLC are as follows:
Adjusted Basis Fair Market Value
From Paxton:
Cash $680,000 $680,000
Temporary investments $118,000 $120,000
Accounts receivable $0 $540,000
Inventory $840,000 $880,000
From Jackson:
Cash $1,850,000 $1,850,000
Supplies $370,000 $370,0
Required:
1. Within 30 days of formation, PJ collects the receivables and sells the inventory for $60,000 cash. How much income does PJ recognize from these transactions, and what is its character?
ANSWER:
The income is ORDINARY INCOME
The total ordinary income amount is $642,000
EXPLANATION:
Income = adjusted basis - fair market
FROM PAXTON:
Cash:
$680,000 - $680,000 = $0
Temporal investment:
$120,000 - $118,000 = $2,000
Account receivable:
$540,000 - $0 = $540,000
Inventory:
$880,000 - $840,000 = $40,000
TOTAL INCOME FROM PAXTON = $582,000
FROM JACKSON:
Cash:
$1,850,000 - $1,850,000 = $0
Supplies:
$370,000 - $370,000 = $0
TOTAL INCOME FROM JACKSON = $0
PJ has received ORDINARY INCOME from;
Temporal investment = $2,000
Account receivable = $540,000
Inventory = $40,000 + $60,000 = $100,000
TOTAL ORDINARY INCOME = $642,000
Y = C + I + G C = 120 + 0.5(Y – T) I = 100 – 10r G = 50 T = 40 L(r,Y) = Y – 20r M = 600 P = 2 a. Using the information above, derive the equation for the IS curve. b. Using the information above, derive the equation for the LM curve. c. What are the equilibrium levels of income and interest rate
Answer:
a. Y = 500 - 20r
b. Y = 300 + 20r
c. r = 5; Y = 400
Explanation:
a. Using the information above, derive the equation for the IS curve.
Y = C + I + G
Substituting for all the values, we have:
Y = 120 + 0.5(Y – 40) + 100 - 10r + 50
Y = 120 + 0.5Y - 20 + 100 - 10r + 50
Y - 0.5Y = 120 - 20 + 100 + 50 - 10r
(1 - 0.5)Y = 250 - 10r
0.5Y = 250 - 10r
Divide through by 0.5, we have:
Y = 500 - 20r <--------- IS curve Equation ............. (1)
b. Using the information above, derive the equation for the LM curve
M/P = L(r,Y)
Substitution for the values, we have:
600/2 = Y - 20r
300 = Y - 20r
Y = 300 + 20r <--------- LM curve Equation ............... (2)
c. What are the equilibrium levels of income and interest rate
Substitute Y in (2) into equation (1), we have:
300 + 20r = 500 - 20r
20r + 20r = 500 - 300
40r = 200
r = 200/40
r = 5 <--------- equilibrium level of interest rate .............. (3)
Substitute for r in equation (2), we have:
Y = 300 + 20(5) = 300 + 100
Y = 400 <--------- equilibrium level of income ................... (4)
sing the preceding information, answer the following questions: (Note: Round your answers to the nearest millionth dollar.) • What is the net cash inflow that Mooney expects in the fourth quarter (Q4)? • If Mooney is beginning this year with a cash balance of $39 million and expects to maintain a minimum target cash balance of at least $16 million, what will be its likely cash balance at the end of the year (after Q4)? • What is the maximum investable funds that the firm expects to have in the next year? • What is the largest cash deficit that the firm expects to suffer in the next year? True or False: If a firm changes its credit policy and allows customers to pay in 90 days instead of 60 days, and everything else remains the same, the net cash flow in the next quarter is likely to decrease. True False
Answer:
$20 million is expected to have cash balance at the end of the year.
$39 million is the maximum possible investment funds that company is expected to invest.
Yes it is true net cash flow is likely to decrease in the next quarter if the company allows customer to pay in 90 days instead of 60 days.
Henry Crouch's law office has traditionally ordered ink refills 50 units at a time. The firm estimates that carrying cost is 40% of the $9 unit cost and that annual demand is about 235 units per year. The assumptions of the basic EOQ model are thought to apply. For what value of ordering cost would its action be optimal? a) For what value of ordering cost would its action be optimal? Its action would be optimal given an ordering cost of $ 19.15 per order (round your response to two decimal places). b) If the true ordering cost turns out to be much greater than your answer to part (a), what is the impact on the firm's ordering policy? A. The order quantity should be increased. Your answer is correct.B. The order quantity should be decreased. C. The order quantity should not be changed.
Answer:
a. $19.15
b. A. The order quantity should be increased. Your answer is correct.
Explanation:
a) For what value of ordering cost would its action be optimal?
Carrying cost = 40% * $9 = $3.60
Optimal ordering cost = (50^2 × 3.60) ÷ (2 × 235) = $19.15.
Therefore, the optimal ordering cost of $ 19.15 per order will make his action to be optimal
b) If the true ordering cost turns out to be much greater than your answer to part (a), what is the impact on the firm's ordering policy?
A. The order quantity should be increased.
The reason is that any ordering cost higher than $19.15 will not be optimal and result to a loss. The best to avoid this is to reduce order quantity.
Final answer:
The answer explains how to determine the optimal ordering cost using the EOQ model and the impact of a higher ordering cost on the firm's policy.
Explanation:
Crouch's law office traditionally orders ink refills 50 units at a time. To find the optimal ordering cost, we can use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. Given an annual demand of 235 units, a unit cost of $9, and a carrying cost of 40%, the optimal ordering cost for the firm would be $19.15 per order.
If the true ordering cost is much greater than $19.15, the impact on the firm's ordering policy would be that the order quantity should be decreased to minimize costs.
Your brother has asked you for a loan and has promised to pay you $7,100 at the end of three years. If you normally invest to earn 8.50 percent per year, how much will you be willing to lend to your brother if you view this purely as a financial transaction (i.e., you don’t give your brother a special deal)?
Answer:
$5,559
Explanation:
$7,100 is the future value of the loan which is paid by my brother. I have to calculate the present value of this value to determine the loan value by discounting at the rate of 8.5%.
Use following formula to calculate the present value of the amount.
Present value = Future value / ( 1 + r )^n
Where
r = rate of interest = 8.5%
n = numbers of years = 3 years
Future value = Loan amount paid back = $7,100
Placing values in the formula
PV = $7,100 / ( 1 + 8.5% )^3
PV = $5,558.65
PV = $5,559
Using the present value calculation with an 8.50% interest rate and a 3-year term, you would be willing to lend your brother approximately $5,585.45 today in exchange for a promise of $7,100 at the end of three years.
To compute how much you would be willing to lend to your brother today, given that he will pay you $7,100 at the end of three years, assuming an 8.50% annual interest rate, you would use the present value formula. The present value (PV) determines how much a future sum of money is worth in today's dollars, given a specific interest rate over a certain period of time.
The formula for the present value is PV = FV / (1 + r)n, where FV is the future value of the money, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of years until the amount is received. In this case, FV is $7,100, r is 8.50% or 0.085, and n is 3 years.
Using this formula:
PV = $7,100 / (1 + 0.085)3
PV = $7,100 / (1.085)3
PV = $7,100 / 1.271
PV = $5,585.45 (approximately)
Therefore, you would be willing to lend your brother approximately $5,585.45 today if you view this purely as a financial transaction.
In 2004, Stephanie entered into a contract with Laura for the design and installation of custom crafted window treatments. The window treatments were constructed of chemically infused wormwood and came with an express guarantee to keep a minimum of 99 percent of sunlight out of the home for ten years. Before entering into the contract, Laura told Stephanie that she had just recently developed the treated wormwood and had yet to form a corporation, however, her new company would be called "Wormwood Windows, Inc." Laura signed the contract "Laura, for Wormwood Windows, Inc.," and Stephanie paid the agreed upon price of $50,000 with a check made out to the corporation. Two months later the corporation filings were approved by the state, and Laura deposited the $50,000 into her business account. In 2009, Stephanie noticed that the wormwood window treatments began to crack internally and outside light began to seep through the treatments into her home. Stephanie contacted Laura about the problem and demanded that Laura make good on her guarantee. Laura insists that there is no guarantee because the contract was entered into before the formation of the corporation. What should Stephanie say to Laura about the liability of both Wormwood and Laura
Laura may be liable under the doctrine of pre-incorporation contracts, and Wormwood Windows, Inc. could also be liable if it adopted the contract after formation.
Explanation:Stephanie can assert that Laura may be personally liable for the performance of the contract despite the subsequent formation of Wormwood Windows, Inc. Under the legal doctrine known as pre-incorporation contracts, individuals who enter into contracts on behalf of corporations that have not yet been formed are personally liable for those contracts. Since Laura signed the contract 'for Wormwood Windows, Inc.' before the corporation was legally formed, Stephanie can argue that Laura acted as a promoter for the non-existent corporation and is therefore personally liable for the contract's obligations, including the express guarantee. Additionally, Stephanie could also assert that the corporation may be liable if it implicitly or explicitly adopted the contract after it was formed, especially since Laura deposited the full contract amount into the corporation's account, which can be seen as an affirmation of the contract by the corporation.
Final answer:
Stephanie's contract with Laura for custom window treatments, which included an express guarantee, can hold Laura personally liable as a promoter for Wormwood Windows, Inc. Laura's deposit of Stephanie's check post-incorporation suggests that the corporation adopted the contract, thus potentially honoring the guarantee.
Explanation:
In the scenario presented, Stephanie has a legal case against Laura for the breach of the express guarantee, despite the fact that the contract was signed before the incorporation of Wormwood Windows, Inc. Since Laura signed the contract 'for Wormwood Windows, Inc.' and later completed the incorporation and accepted payment under the corporation's name, she may have acted as a promoter for the corporation.
Laura cannot simply avoid responsibility by asserting that the corporation did not exist at the time of the contract. Promoters of a corporation are personally liable for contracts they enter into on behalf of the corporation before it is legally formed unless there is an agreement to the contrary or the corporation adopts the contract after incorporation, which seems to have occurred when Laura deposited the check into the business account post-incorporation. Therefore, Stephanie could argue that the corporation should honor the contract's guarantee, and if it does not, Laura could be personally liable for any breach.
Shankar Company uses a perpetual system to record inventory transactions. The company purchases inventory on account on February 2, 2015, for $30,000, with terms 2/10, n/30. On February 10, the company pays on account for the inventory. Record the inventory purchase on February 2 and the payment on February 10. (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
Answer and Explanation:
1. Merchandise Inventory A/c $30,000
To Accounts payable A/c $30,000
(Being purchase of merchandise inventory is recorded)
2. Account payable $30,000
To Merchandise inventory ($30,000 × 2%) $600
To Cash $29,400
(Being the payment is recorded)
Only these two entries are passed on Feb 2 and Feb 10
At the end of the current year, using the aging of receivable method, management estimated that $15,750 of the accounts receivable balance would be uncollectible. Prior to any year-end adjustments, the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a debit balance of $375. What adjusting entry should the company make at the end of the current year to record its estimated bad debts expense? Multiple Choice Accounts Receivable 15,750 Bad Debts Expense 375 Sales 16,125 Bad Debts Expense 15,750 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 15,750 Bad Debts Expense 16,125 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 16,125 Accounts Receivable 16,125 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 16,125 Bad Debts Expense 15,375 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 15,375
Answer:
The correct option is Bad Debts Expense 16,125 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 16,125.
Explanation:
Aging of receivable method is a way of putting the total amount of accounts receivable into a bucket based on aging of the accounts receivble and allocating credit risk loss percentage to each bucket. For example, Not due, 1-30 days, 31-60 days, over 60 days, with each class having 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% respectively.
The company had debit balance of $375 in the allowance for doubtful accounts and already estimated the $15,750 should be the portion of the accounts receivable that was deemed uncollectible. To reinstate the allowance account to $15,750, we need to add $375 to arrive at $16,125. So, the appropriate journals would be:
Debit Bad debt expense $16,125
Credit Allowance for doubtful accounts $16,125
(To record bad debt expense for the year)
Mary Williams, owner of Williams Products, is evaluating whether to introduce a new product line. After thinking through the production process and the costs of raw material and new equipment, Williams estimates the variable costs of each unit produced and sold at $6 and the fixed costs per year at $60,000.
a. If the selling price is set at $18 each, how many units must be produced and sold for Williams to break even?
b. Williams forecasts sales of 10,000 units for the first year if the selling price is set at $14 each. What would be the total contribution to profits from this new product during the first year?
c. If the selling price is set at $12.50, Williams forecasts that first-year sales would increase to 15,000 units. Which pricing strategy ($14.00 or $12.50) would result in the greater contribution to profits?
d. What other considerations would be crucial to the final decision about making and marketing the new product?
Answer:
Williams Products' Cost Elements:
Variable cost per unit = $6
Fixed Costs = $60,000
a) With selling price at $18, contribution margin = Selling price - Variable cost per unit = $12 $(18 - 6)
Break even point (in units) = Fixed Costs/Contribution Margin
= $60,000/$12 = 5,000 units
b) Forecast sales of 10,000 units with selling price at $14 each:
Total contribution to profits = Sales - Total Variable Costs
Sales = 10,000 x $14 = $140,000
Variable Costs = 10,000 x $6 = $60,000
Total Contribution = $80,000 (140,000 - 60,000)
c) Forecast sales of 15,000 units with selling price at $12.50 each:
Sales = 15,000 x $12.50 = $187,500
Variable Costs = 15,000 x $6 = $90,000
Total Contribution = $97,500.
Therefore, pricing at $12.50 each would result in the greater contribution to profits.
d) Other considerations crucial to the final decision about making and marketing the new product include: competitors' reactions to pricing, demand elasticity, consumers' preference, existing production technology, etc.
Explanation:
a) Contribution margin is equal to Selling price minus variable cost per unit. This is the first element towards calculating break even point in units.
If 5,000 units are produced, total contribution would be equal to $60,000 ($12 x 5,000 units).
b) There are many pricing strategies which a producer can adopt depending on prevailing circumstances. A few of them are price skimming, penetration pricing, price premium, price discrimination, value-based pricing, time-based pricing.
To break even, 6,000 units must be produced and sold at a selling price of $18 each. The total contribution to profits from selling 10,000 units at a selling price of $14 each is $80,000. Pricing the product at $12.50 would result in a greater contribution to profits. Other crucial considerations include market demand, competition, target market, and overall profitability.
Explanation:a. The overall income must match the whole expense in order to break even. Both fixed and variable costs make up the overall cost. Let's assume x represents the number of units produced and sold. The revenue is calculated by multiplying the selling price per unit by the number of units, which is 18x. The cost is calculated by adding the fixed costs to the variable costs, which is 60,000 + 6x. To break even, 18x = 60,000 + 6x. Solving for x gives us x = 6,000 units.
b. The total contribution to profits from selling 10,000 units at a selling price of $14 each can be calculated by multiplying the contribution margin per unit by the number of units sold. The contribution margin per unit is the selling price minus the variable cost per unit, which is 14 - 6 = $8. Therefore, the total contribution to profits is 10,000 units x $8 = $80,000.
c. To determine which pricing strategy results in the greater contribution to profits, we need to compare the total contribution to profits at each selling price. At a selling price of $14, the total contribution to profits is 10,000 units x $8 = $80,000. At a selling price of $12.50, the total contribution to profits is 15,000 units x ($12.50 - $6) = $112,500. Therefore, the pricing strategy of $12.50 would result in a greater contribution to profits.
d. Other crucial considerations for the decision to make and market the new product include market demand, competition, product differentiation, target market, marketing and distribution costs, potential market growth, and the overall profitability of the business.
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Garcon Inc. manufactures electronic products, with two operating divisions, Consumer and Commercial. Condensed divisional income statements, which involve no intracompany transfers and which include a breakdown of expenses into variable and fixed components, are as follows:
Garcon Inc.
Divisional Income Statements
For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y2
1. Consumer Division Commercial Division Total
2. Sales:
3. 14,400 units × $144 per unit $2,073,600.00 $2,073,600.00
4. 21,600 units × $275 per unit $5,940,000.00 5,940,000.00
5. Total sales $2,073,600.00 $5,940,000.00 $8,013,600.00
6. Expenses:
7. Variable:
8. 14,400 units × $104 per unit $1,497,600.00 $1,497,600.00
9. 21,600 units × $193* per unit $4,168,800.00 4,168,800.00
10. Fixed 200,000.00 520,000.00 720,000.00
11. Total expenses $1,697,600.00 $4,688,800.00 $6,386,400.00
12. Income from operations $376,000.00 $1,251,200.00 $1,627,200.00
*$150 of the $193 per unit represents materials costs, and the remaining $43 per unit represents other variable conversion expenses incurred within the Commercial Division.The Consumer Division is presently producing 14,400 units out of a total capacity of 17,280 units. Materials used in producing the Commercial Division’s product are currently purchased from outside suppliers at a price of $150 per unit. The Consumer Division is able to produce the materials used by the Commercial Division. Except for the possible transfer of materials between divisions, no changes are expected in sales and expenses.Required:1. Would the market price of $150 per unit be an appropriate transfer price for Garcon Inc.? Explain.2. If the Commercial Division purchases 2,880 units from the Consumer Division, rather than externally, at a negotiated transfer price of $115 per unit, how much would the income from operations of each division and the total company income from operations increase?3. Prepare condensed divisional income statements for Garcon Inc. based on the data in Requirement 2.4. If a transfer price of $126 per unit is negotiated, how much would the income from operations of each division and the total company income from operations increase?
Answer:
1.Since there is spare capacity in the consumer division, the acceptable transfer prices are variable cost per unit - market price per unit
i.e. $104-$150
The transfer price should be set in between the two. However, $150 is an appropriate price
2. Income will increase as follows:
Consumer Division = (115-104)*2880 = $31,680
Commercial Division = (150-115)*2880 = $100,800
Company = $132,480
3) check the attached file
4.Income will increase as follows:
Consumer Division = (126-104)*2880 = $63,360
Commercial Division = (150-126)*2880 = $69,120
Company = $132,480
Explanation:
check attached files for explanation well detailed.
The transfer price of $150 could be appropriate for Garcon Inc., but it's important to ensure that it allows for profitability in both divisions. Purchasing units internally at a lower price could increase overall company profits. Adjustments in the transfer price can show different potential increases in income from operations.
Explanation:1. Evaluating the possibility of utilizing an internal transfer price of $150 per unit, we see that this can be an appropriate transfer price for Garcon Inc. given it is the price at which the Commercial Division is currently purchasing from external suppliers. However, it's important to consider whether this price covers the costs and provides a reasonable profit margin for the Consumer Division.
2. If the Commercial Division purchases 2,880 units from the Consumer Division at a transfer price of $115 per unit, then the total cost for the Commercial Division would decrease by ($150-$115)*2,880=$100,800. The sales and income from operations for the Consumer Division would increase by $115*2,880=$331,200, resulting in an overall increase in company income.
3. New divisional income statements would reflect these changes, showing an increase in income from operations for both divisions and for the company as a whole.
4. If a transfer price of $126 per unit is negotiated, the income increase can be calculated in a similar way, resulting in higher company income from operations.
It's important for Garcon Inc. to maintain a balance ensuring both divisions are profitable and can cover their costs.
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Tools Pte Ltd has two operating (production) departments: Assembly and Fabricating. Assembly has 150 employees and occupies 4,400 square metre. Fabricating has 100 employees and occupies 3,600 square metre. Indirect factory expenses for the current period are as follows: Administration: $80,000 Maintenance: 100,000 Administration is allocated based on workers in each department; maintenance is allocated based on areas occupied. The total amount of indirect factory expenses that should be allocated to the Assembly Department for the current period is:
a. $48,000.
b. $55,000.
c. $103,000.
d. $104,000.
e. $110,000.
Answer:
c. $103,000.
Total Assembly Indirect Expenses FOH = $ 103,000
Explanation:
Tools Pte Ltd
Indirect FOH Assembly Fabricating Total
Cost Driver Cost Driver
Administration: $80,000 150 100 250
Maintenance: 100,000 4400 3600 8000
Calculations
Indirect FOH Assembly Fabricating Total
Administration: $80,000 48,000 32000 $80,000
Maintenance: 100,000 $ 55000 45000 100,000
Total $ 103,000 $ 77000
Working:
As administration is allocated based on workers in each department; maintenance is allocated based on areas occupied therefore the total amount in each department will be allocated on the number of employees and the area occupied.It can be calculated as follows.
Administration Costs Assembly = ($80,000/ 250)* 150= $48,000
Maintenance Costs Assembly =100,000/8000)*4400 = $ 55000
Total Assembly Indirect Expenses FOH = $ 103,000
Administration Costs Fabricating = ($80,000/ 250)* 100= $32,000
Maintenance Costs Fabricating =100,000/8000)* 3600 = $ 45000
Total Assembly Indirect Expenses FOH = $ 77,000
the total amount of indirect factory expenses that should be allocated to the Assembly Department for the current period is $103,000, which is option (c).
Administration Expense Allocation
Total Administration Expense = $80,000
Allocation basis: Number of workers in each department
Number of workers in Assembly = 150
Number of workers in Fabricating = 100
Calculate the ratio of workers in the Assembly Department to the total workers:
(150 / (150 + 100)) = (150 / 250) = 3/5
Multiply this ratio by the total administration expense: (3/5) * $80,000 = $48,000
So, the Assembly Department's allocation of administration expenses is $48,000.
Maintenance Expense Allocation
Total Maintenance Expense = $100,000
Allocation basis: Area occupied by each department
Area occupied by Assembly = 4,400 square meters
Area occupied by Fabricating = 3,600 square meters
To allocate maintenance expenses to the Assembly Department:
Calculate the ratio of the area occupied by the Assembly Department to the total area occupied
(4,400 / (4,400 + 3,600)) = (4,400 / 8,000) = 11/20
Multiply this ratio by the total maintenance expense: (11/20) * $100,000 = $55,000
Add the administration allocation and maintenance allocation:
$48,000 (Administration Allocation) + $55,000 (Maintenance Allocation) = $103,000
So, the total amount of indirect factory expenses that should be allocated to the Assembly Department for the current period is $103,000, which is option (c).
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The payroll register of Castilla Engineering Co. indicates $2,820 of social security withheld and $705 of Medicare tax withheld on total salaries of $47,000 for the period. Federal withholding for the period totaled $7,990. Retirement savings withheld from employee paychecks were $2700 for the period.
Federal withholding for the period totaled $17,820.
Provide the journal entry for the period's payroll.
The journal entry for Castilla Engineering Co.'s payroll includes debiting Salaries and Wages Expense for the total gross salaries and crediting various tax and retirement savings payable accounts for the respective deductions, with the remaining net pay credited to Cash.
The question relates to creating a journal entry for Castilla Engineering Co.'s payroll. Given the data, you will want to record the total gross salaries, deductions for social security, Medicare, federal withholding, and retirement savings. The deductions are subtracted from the gross salaries to arrive at the net pay to employees.
According to the information provided, here is the journal entry:
Debit: Salaries and Wages Expense $47,000
Credit: Withholding Taxes Payable for Social Security $2,820
Credit: Withholding Taxes Payable for Medicare $705
Credit: Withholding Taxes Payable for Federal Income Tax $17,820
Credit: Retirement Savings Payable $2,700
Credit: Cash (Net Pay to Employees) $23,955 (This figure is calculated as $47,000 total salaries - $2,820 social security - $705 Medicare - $17,820 federal withholding - $2,700 retirement savings)
Determine the adjusted basis of each of the following assets:
a. Leineia purchased an automobile 2 years ago for $30,000. She uses it 75% in her business and 25% for personal use. To date, she has deducted $4,209 in allowable depreciation on the business use portion of the automobile.
b. Three years ago, Quon purchased an office building for $330,000. The purchase price was properly allocated as $250,000 to the building and $80,000 to the land. Building remodeling cost $8,000. He paid $12,000 for the installation of a parking lot and sidewalks. Insurance premiums on the building are $5,000 per year. Quon has deducted total allowable depreciation on the building of $70,620 and $1,000 on the land improvements for the 3 years.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
75% 25% 100%
Particulars Business Use Personal Use Total
Initial Basis $22,500 $7,500 $30,000
Less: Depreciation -$4,209 0 -$4,209
Adjusted Basis $18,291 $7,500 $25,791
b
Particulars Building Land Land Improvements
Original Cost $250,000 $80,000
Remodeling cost $8,000
Parking lot and sidewalks $12,000
Depreciation -$70,620 -$1,000
Adjusted basis $187,380 $80,000 $110,000
We simply classify the cost to each type of asset which is shown above
On September 1, 2017 Magna Highend Vehicles a New York based sole proprietorship needed funds to expand to New Jersey and Connecticut so the company incorporated in New York State. New York State, by its charter, authorized Magna Vehicles to issue 20,000 shares of $50 par value, preferred stock and 50,000 shares of no-par common stock. The Board of Directors assigned a $0.50 stated value to the common stock. Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions:
7 On October 3, 2017 an investor agreed to exchange a building assessed and valued by the City of New York at $800,000 for 15,000 of the preferred stock. The market price of the preferred stock is not known.
8 On Nov 8, the remaining 5000 preferred stock were sold cash at $70 per share.
9 On Dec. 3, 2017 the 50,000 common stock were sold for cash at a market price of $15 per share QC Delila Catering is authorized to issue 45,000 no-par shares on January 1, 2016. Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions
10 On March 1, 2016 Delila Catering issued 15,000 shares with a Market price of $18 per share
11 On April 15, 2016 Delila Catering issued 5,000 shares with a Market price of $10 per share in settlement of a legal fee of $6,500
12 On June 10, 2016 the company sold the remaining 25,000 shares for cash at a market price of $22 per share
Answer:
a) Journal Entries for 2017: Magna Highend Vehicles
October 3, 2017:
Debit Building with $800,000
Credit Preferred Stock with $750,000
Credit Share Premium (Preferred Stock) with $50,000
Being issue of 15,000 preferred stock in exchange for building.
November 8, 2017:
Debit Cash with $350,000
Credit Preferred Stock with $250,000
Credit Share Premium (Preferred Stock) with $100,000
Being issue of 5,000 preferred stock in cash at $70 per share.
December 3, 2017:
Debit Cash with $750,000
Credit Common Stock with $25,000
Credit Share Premium with $725,000
Being issue of 50,000 common stock at $15 per share.
b) 2016 Journal Entries for QC Delila Catering:
March 1, 2016:
Debit Cash with $270,000
Credit Stock with $270,000
Being issue of 15,000 shares at $18 per share.
April 15, 2016:
Debit Legal Fee with $6,500
Debit Stock Discount with $43,500
Credit Stock with $50,000
Being issue of 5,000 shares worth $10 per share in settlement of a legal fee.
June 10, 2016:
Debit Cash with $550,000
Credit Stock with $550,000
Being issue of 25,000 shares at $22 per share.
Explanation:
Shares at be issued in exchange for cash or other assets, and even in settlement of a liability.
Some shares are issued at a discount while some are issued at a premium or at par. A share issued at a discount means that the stock was sold for less than its market value or par value. For example, the issue of stock worth $50,000 in settlement of a legal fee of $6,500.
Shares issued at a premium are sold for more than their par values. The par value of a stock is the stated nominal value as against the market price. Usually, if a stock is doing well in the market, the market price is more than the par value.
The information below pertains to Barkley Company for 2015.
Net income for the year $1,200,000
7% convertible bonds issued at par ($1,000 per bond); each bond is convertible into 30 shares of common stock $2,000,000
6% convertible, cumulative preferred stock, $4,000,000
$100 par value; each share is convertible into 3 shares of common stock
Common stock, $10 par value $6,000,000
Tax rate for 2015 40%
Average market price of common stock $25 per share
There were no changes during 2015 in the number of common shares, preferred shares, or convertible bonds outstanding. There is no treasury stock. The company also has common stock options (granted in a prior year) to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock at $20 per share.
Instructions:
(a) Compute basic earnings per share for 2015. (b) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2015.
Answer:
(a) Compute basic earnings per share for 2015 = 1. 6
b) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2015. = 1.55
Explanation:
Mel’s Diner owns a single restaurant, which has a cantina primarily used to seat patrons while they wait on their tables. The company is considering eliminating the cantina. Segmented contribution income statements are as follows and fixed costs applicable to both segments are allocated on the basis of square footage.
Restaurant Cantina Total
Sales $800,000 $200,000 $1,000,000
Variable costs 475,000 160,000 635,000
Direct fixed costs 50,000 15,000 65,000
Allocated fixed costs 212,500 37,500 250,000
Net income $ 62,500 ($ 12,500) $50,000
1. What effect will occur if Mel’s Diner eliminates the cantina if there is no effect on restaurant sales?
a. Net income will be $62,500.
b. Net income will increase by $12,500.
c. Net income will decrease to $37,500.
d. Net income will decline by $25,000.
Answer: Thecorrect answer is b
Peter heads the communications department of Xenon Inc. He shows concern for the personal needs of his followers and helps them with work wherever required. He inspires his employees to work with enthusiasm and assigns projects with reasonable timelines. He also defines job responsibilities, sets targets, and inspects quality of work on a regular basis. Peter's behavior implies that he is most likely a(n):
Answer:
a supportive leader
Explanation:
A supportive leader is a leader who is able to identify changes and assistance that are needed to promote the well-being of his team members and timely resolve all unnecessary issues with the aim of delivering a high standard of performance.
A supportive leader is usually kind, friendly, and concerned about the personal needs and welfare of his followers. He also leaves his door open to be approached by many people for advice and help, and also inspires them perform tasks assigned to them with enthusiasm.
Therefore, Peter's behavior implies that he is most likely a supportive leader.