Answer:
Question is incomplete, the complete question is;
Zinc granules on treating with an acid X, form the zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) salt along with the evolution of a gas Y which burns with a pop sound when brought near to a burning candle. Identify the acid X and gas evolved Y.
Answer is;
Acid X is sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and the gas evolved Y is hydrogen (H₂).
Explanation:
Acids react with metals to produce a salt and hydrogen. The metal ions replace the hydrogen ions in the acids.
When Zinc (Zn) granules are treated with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), the products are zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) and hydrogen (H₂).
H₂SO₄ + Zn → ZnSO₄ + H₂
This reaction is a redox reaction, where reduction and oxidation happen at the same time. Zinc atoms are oxidized since they lose electrons (Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻), and hydrogen ions are reduced since they gain electrons (2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂).
Hydrogen is a highly flammable gas, which reacts with oxygen molecules to produce water, combined with an explosive release of energy. But a source of energy like a small spark is needed for this reaction to take place since hydrogen does not react with oxygen at room temperature.
The activation energy (energy required for a reaction to proceed) of hydrogen is low, so only a small amount of energy is needed to trigger a reaction with oxygen. When hydrogen is brought near to a burning candle, it reacts with oxygen in the air in a small explosion by producing a squeaky pop sound.
In the question, Zinc granules are treated with an acid X to form zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) salt along with the evolution of a gas Y which burns with a pop sound when brought near to a burning candle. So, now it is clear that the acid X is sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and the gas evolved Y is hydrogen (H₂).
True or false: Chemical and physical changes alter matter?
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Chemical changes do change the composition of the substance. However, physical changes do not; physical changes simply alter the physical form of the substance.
For example, a melting ice cube is undergoing a physical change, but its overall composition of H2O isn't changing. It's just changing from a solid form to a liquid form.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
false
Explanation:
A chemical change results from a chemical reaction, while a physical change is when matter changes forms but not chemical identity. Examples of chemical changes are burning, cooking, rusting, and rotting. Examples of physical changes are boiling, melting, freezing, and shredding.
Most nonmetals form covalent or ionic bonds, depending on the element with which they react. Carbon predominantly forms covalent bonds since it has 4 valence electrons and can form single, double or triple bonds with other elements. What element will form an ionic bond with carbon
Answer: Calcium element will form an ionic bond with carbon.
Explanation:
An ionic bond is defined as the bond formed due to transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Elements which are able to donate their valence electrons are the ones which tend to form an ionic bond. Metals are the species which form ionic bonds when they chemically combine with non-metals.
For example, [tex]CaC_{2}[/tex] is calcium carbide and in this compound calcium forms an ionic bond with carbon atom by donating its valence electrons.
A covalent bond is defined as the bond formed due to sharing of electrons between the two elements.
Thus, we can conclude that calcium element will form an ionic bond with carbon.
According to the ideal gas law for a fixed amount of gas, if the _____ is constant, then when the ________ increases the volume should ________.
a) temperature, pressure, increase
b) pressure, temperature, decrease
c) pressure, volume, decrease
d) none of the above
Answer:
D. none of the above
Explanation:
A. is wrong because pressure and volume have an inverse relationship. When one increases the other decreases, this is not an option.
B. is wrong because temperature and volume have a proportional relationship. One one goes up, the other goes up or vice versa.
C. is wrong because volume cannot increase the then decrease at the same time.
How many grams of water can be produced from 4.6 grams of Hydrogen and 7.3 grams of Oxygen?
H2 + O2 —> H2O
Answer:
The answer to your question is 8.21 g of H₂O
Explanation:
Data
mas of water = ?
mass of hydrogen = 4.6 g
mass of oxygen = 7.3 g
Balanced chemical reaction
2H₂ + O₂ ⇒ 2H₂O
Process
1.- Calculate the atomic mass of the reactants
Hydrogen = 4 x 1 = 4 g
Oxygen = 16 x 2 = 32 g
2.- Calculate the limiting reactant
Theoretical yield = H₂/O₂ = 4 / 32 = 0.125
Experimental yield = H₂/ O₂ = 4.6/7.3 = 0.630
From the results, we conclude that the limiting reactant is Oxygen because the experimental yield was higher than the theoretical yield.
3.- Calculate the mass of water
32 g of O₂ ---------------- 36 g of water
7.3 g of O₂ --------------- x
x = (7.3 x 36) / 32
x = 262.8 / 32
x = 8.21 g of H₂O
What type of potential energy does a stretched rubber band have?
-Mechanical Kinetic energy
-Chemical Potential energy
-Elastic Potential energy
-Electromagnetic energy
15 grams of HCl should theoretically produce 0.42 grams of H2. The reaction actually produced 0.15 grams of H2. What is the percentage yield of H2?
Steps to solution please
Answer:
35.7%
Explanation:
The percent yield is calculated by the formula:
[(actual yield) / (theoretical yield)] * 100
In this case, the actual yield is 0.15 grams, and the theoretical yield is 0.42 grams. So, putting these values into the equation, we have:
[tex]\frac{0.15}{0.42} *100=0.357*100=35.7[/tex]
Thus, the percent yield of [tex]H_2[/tex] is 35.7%.
Hope this helps!
The percentage yield of a reaction is calculated using the equation: (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100. In this case, the percentage yield of the reaction that produced H2 is approximately 35.7%.
Explanation:The subject of this question is the percentage yield of a chemical reaction. In chemistry, the percentage yield is a measure of the efficiency of a reaction. It's calculated by dividing the actual yield (the amount of product actually produced) by the theoretical yield (the maximum amount of product that could be produced) and then multiplied by 100 to convert it to a percentage.
Given in the question, the theoretical yield of H2 is 0.42 grams and the actual yield is 0.15 grams. So, to calculate the percentage yield, we would use the formula: (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100
Substituting the given amounts, the calculation would look like this: (0.15 / 0.42) * 100 = 35.7%.
So, the percentage yield of H2 in this reaction is approximately 35.7%.
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When the equation below is correctly balanced, the coefficient for CO2 is
Answer:
The answer to your question is 4
Explanation:
Chemical reaction
C₂H₆ + O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + H₂O
Reactants Elements Products
2 Carbon 1
6 Hydrogen 2
2 Oxygen 3
Balanced chemical reaction
2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ ⇒ 4CO₂ + 6H₂O
Reactants Elements Products
4 Carbon 4
12 Hydrogen 12
14 Oxygen 14
When the reaction is balanced the coefficient for CO₂ is 4.
What is the volume, in liters, occupied by 1.73 moles of N2 gas at 0.992 atm pressure and a temperature of 75º C? (R value- 0.08206)
48.70 is the volume, in liters, occupied by 1.73 moles of Nitrogen gas at 0.992 atm pressure and a temperature of 75º C.
Explanation:
Data given:
number of moles of nitrogen gas = 1.73 moles
pressure of the gas = 0.992 atm
temperature of the gas = 75 degrees or 273.25 + 75 = 348.15 K
R (gas constant) = 0.08206 L atm/molesK
volume of the nitrogen gas under these conditions =?
The formula used is of ideal Gas Law:
PV = nRT
Rearranging the equation to get,
V = [tex]\frac{nRT}{P}[/tex]
putting the values in the equation:
V = [tex]\frac{1.73 X 0.08026 X 348.15}{0.992}[/tex]
= 48.70 Litres
the volume of the gas is 48.70 litres from the standard values used in the equation.
The volume, in liters, occupied by 1.73 moles of N₂ gas at 0.992 atm pressure and a temperature of 75º C is: [tex]45.81 \text{ L}.[/tex]
The volume occupied by the N₂ gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which is given by the equation:
[tex]\[ PV = nRT \][/tex]
where:
- [tex]\( P \)[/tex] is the pressure of the gas,
- [tex]\( V \)[/tex] is the volume of the gas,
- [tex]\( n \)[/tex] is the number of moles of the gas,
- [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is the ideal gas constant, and
- [tex]\( T \)[/tex] is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin.
Given:
- [tex]\( n = 1.73 \)[/tex] moles,
- [tex]\( P = 0.992 \)[/tex] atm,
- [tex]\( T = 75^\circ C \)[/tex], which needs to be converted to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature,
- [tex]\( R = 0.08206 \) L\atm/(mol\K).[/tex]
First, convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
[tex]\[ T(K) = T(^\circ C) + 273.15 = 75 + 273.15 = 348.15 \text{ K} \][/tex]
Now, rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for the volume [tex]\( V \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ V = \frac{nRT}{P} \][/tex]
Substitute the given values into the equation:
[tex]\[ V = \frac{(1.73 \text{ mol})(0.08206 \text{ L\·atm/(mol\·K)})(348.15 \text{ K})}{0.992 \text{ atm}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ V = \frac{(1.73)(0.08206)(348.15)}{0.992} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ V = \frac{45.460298}{0.992} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ V \approx 45.81 \text{ L} \][/tex]
Therefore, the volume occupied by 1.73 moles of N2 gas at 0.992 atm pressure and a temperature of 75º C is approximately 45.81 liters.
Which of the following reactions is balanced?
A.CaCl2 + 2H2CO3 = CaCO3 + HCI
B.2C2Cl2 + H2CO3 +CaCO3 + HCl
C.CaCl2 + H2CO3 + 2CaCO3 + HCI
D.CaCl2 + H2CO3 + CaCO3 + 2HCI
Answer: D
Explanation:
Because in the reactant side there's/re 1 Ca atom as well as in the product side
2 Cl atoms as well as in the product side
2 H atoms as well as in in the product side
1 C atom as well as in the product side
3 O atoms as well as in the product side
Hope this help^^
The chemical equation occurs whenever the number of atoms included in the side of the reaction equals the atomic mass involved inside the product's side. Following are calculations to the balanced reaction:
Sides of the reactant:
[tex]\bold{1 \ mole\ Ca, 2\ moles \ Cl^{-}, 2\ moles\ H, and\ 1\ mole \ CO_{3}^{2-} }[/tex]are present on the reactant's side.Calculating the product side:
[tex]\bold{1 \ mole\ Ca, 2\ moles \ Cl^{-}, 2\ moles\ H, and\ 1\ mole \ CO_{3}^{2-} }[/tex] are present on the reactant's side.Since the number of moles of element atoms/ions on both the reactants and the sides of the product of the given interaction is the same.Therefore, the answer is "option D".
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Help me please I am stuck
Answer:
Castings
Explanation:
Worm castings contain concentrated nitrates, calcium, etc.
Magnesium, the element, is produced commercially by electrolysis from a molten salt (the "electrolyte") using a cell similar to the one. Recall that in an electrolytic cell the anode is given the + sign and the cathode is given the - sign, which is the opposite of what we see in batteries. What half-reaction occurs at the anode in this electrolytic cell?
Answer:
The half-reaction that occurs on the anode of an electrolytic cell is called oxidation.
This can easily be depicted by a chemical reaction as such "Zn(s) = Zn2+ (aq) + (2e-)"
While, the Zinc in this reaction loses two elections. Hence copper gains those electrons and becomes solid.
These reactions occurring on the anode are called positive reactions.
While the reaction that occurs on the cathode is called reduction. This reaction can be represented by this equation "Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- = Cu(s)".
These non-spontaneous reactions occurring in an electrolytic cell together are called redox reactions. These generate electrical energy.
In the electrolytic cell for commercial magnesium production, the half-reaction at the anode (positive electrode) is oxidation, where electrons are lost. If magnesium chloride is the electrolyte, chloride ions are oxidized to form chlorine gas.
Explanation:In the electrolytic cell used for the commercial production of magnesium, the anode is the positive electrode. As it is where oxidation occurs, the half-reaction happening at the anode involves the removal of electrons. The specific half-reaction varies based on the electrolyte used. If pure molten magnesium chloride (MgCl2), a common electrolyte, is used, the half-reaction at the anode would be: Cl- —> Cl2 + 2e- . This equates that chloride ions (Cl-) lose electrons (are oxidized) to form chlorine gas (Cl2).
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In terms of atomic structure, explain why the first-ionization energy K is less than that of Ca.
Answer:
Potassium has less ionization energy because it does not take much energy to remove its single outer electron. Most elements want to have a complete outer shell, so since it has a lone electron in its outer shell, it will easily give up the electron to become more stable.
The atomic structure indicates the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.
In the atomic structure, the protons and the neutrons are positioned at the center of the nucleus while the electrons are located at the outer region of the atom.
The ionization energy is the amount of needed to eliminate a single electron from the outermost shell of an atom or a molecule.
Factors affecting the ionization energy includes:
The size of the +ve nuclear chargeSize of the atomShielding effect of the inner electronsOn the periodic table, Potassium (K) is the 19th element and Calcium is the 20th element.
Postassium is located on Group 1 and period 4 while Calcium is located on the Group 2 and period 4 on the periodic table.
Now, as we move from left - right on the periodic table across the period, the ionization energy increases from left to right as a result of the size of the atom.
Here, the size of the atom of Calcium(Ca) is larger by a single electron compared to the size of Potassium(K).
Also, the positive nuclear charge on Calcium(Ca) is greater than that of Potassium(K) because from left - right on the periodic table, the nuclear charge increases,thereby increasing attraction of the outermost electron, thus more energy is needed to remove an electron.
Thus, since Calcium(Ca) tends to have a larger size of atom and a greater +ve nuclear charge than Potassium(K), then:
The first ionization energy of K will be lesser than that of Ca.
Therefore, from the above explanation, we can conclude that we've understood why the first-ionization energy K is less than that of Ca.
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When are endothermic reactions beneficial for humans?
Answer:
An endothermic reaction is one that absorbs energy in the form of heat or light. ... This is why we burn fuels (such as paraffin, coal, propane and butane) for energy, because the chemical changes that take place during the reaction release huge amounts of energy, which we then use for things like power and electricity.
Explanation:
Many endothermic reactions helps us i our daily life.
Combustion reactions
The burning of fuel is an example of a combustion reaction, and we as humans rely heavily on this process for our energy requirements. The following equations describe the combustion of a hydrocarbon such as petrol :
fuel + oxygen heat + water + carbon dioxide
This is why we burn fuels (such as paraffin, coal, propane and butane) for energy, because the chemical changes that take place during the reaction release huge amounts of energy, which we then use for things like power and electricity. You should also note that carbon dioxide is produced during this reaction. The chemical reaction that takes place when fuels burn has both positive and negative consequences. Although we benefit from heat, power and electricity the carbon dioxide that is produced has a negative impact on the environment.
Lightsticks or glowsticks are used by divers, campers, and for decoration and fun. A lightstick is a plastic tube with a glass vial inside it. To activate a lightstick, you bend the plastic stick, which breaks the glass vial. This allows the chemicals that are inside the glass to mix with the chemicals in the plastic tube. These two chemicals react and release energy. Another part of a lightstick is a fluorescent dye which changes this energy into light, causing the lightstick to glow! This is known as phosphorescence or chemiluminescence.
Which statement best describes reproduction among bacteria under ideal conditions?
Answer:
Reproduction is asexual and occurs at a rapid rate.
Answer: Reproduction is asexual and occurs at a rapid rate.
Explanation:i did the quiz
The activation energy for this reaction is 75 kJ⋅mol−1. The enzyme catalase, found in blood, lowers the activation energy to 8.0 kJ⋅mol−1. At what temperature would the non‑catalyzed reaction need to be run to have a rate equal to that of the enzyme‑catalyzed reaction at 25 ∘C?
lanation:
It has to be 30 degrees
A 0.7500 L solution has been boiled down to a new volume of 0.4510 L with a concentration of 2.033 M. What was the initial concentration of the solution?
Answer:5.3mol
Explanation:
When the equation below is correctly balanced, the coefficient for K2SO4 is?
Answer:
The answer to your question is 3
Explanation:
Chemical reaction
AlBr₃ + K₂SO₄ ⇒ KBr + Al₂(SO₄)₃
Reactants Elements Products
1 Aluminum 2
3 Bromine 1
1 Sulfur 3
2 Potassium 1
4 Oxygen 12
Balanced chemical reaction
2AlBr₃ + 3K₂SO₄ ⇒ 6KBr + Al₂(SO₄)₃
Reactants Elements Products
2 Aluminum 2
6 Bromine 6
3 Sulfur 3
6 Potassium 6
12 Oxygen 12
The coefficient for K₂SO₄ will be 3
The molecular weight of hemoglobin is 64,500 daltons (= g mol-1).
a. how much oxygen can be bound per g of hemoglobin? express the values as ml per g of hemoglobin, where ml is the volume of o2. r =0.082 l atm mol-1 ok-1, ok =273 + oc. the molar volume of o2 is given as v = nrt/p where p = 1 atm and n= 1 mol; (hint: 1.0 mol x 0.082 l atm mol-1 ok-1 x 273.2 ok / 1 atm = 22.4 l mol-1)
Answer:
Thus, one gram of Hemoglobin carries 1.389 mL of oxygen.
Explanation:
Each hemoglobin molecules carries 4 oxygen molecules.
Given that the molar mass of hemoglobin = 64,5000 g/mol
1 gram of hemoglobin = [tex]\frac{1}{64500}moles[/tex]
Now, no of moles of oxygen carried in 1 mole of hemoglobin = [tex]\frac{1}{64500}* 4 \ \ moles[/tex]
= [tex]6.2016*10^{-5}[/tex] moles
assuming the oxygen is to be an ideal gas; then:
PV = nRT
[tex]V =\frac{nRT}{P}[/tex]
Given that :
[tex]\frac{RT}{P}= 22.4 \ L/mol[/tex]
Then V = [tex]6.2016*10^{-5}[/tex] [tex]*22.4 *1000 \ mol[/tex]
V = 1.389 mL
Thus, one gram of Hemoglobin carries 1.389 mL of oxygen.
which produces a higher than normal tide?
a Spring Tide or Neal Tide?
and why
Answer:
spring tide
Explanation:
when both the sun and moon aligned th affect of each is added together producing higher than normal tides called SPRING TIDES
Answer:
Spring Tide
Explanation:
In both cases, the gravitational pull of the sun is 'added' to the gravitational pull of the moon on Earth, causing the oceans to bulge a bit more than usual. This means that high tides are higher and low tides are lower than average. These are called 'spring tides.
Why is the sky orange and red at sunrise and sunset?
Answer:
gas molecules scatter short wavelengths of light (blue and violet) more than long (red and orange) so the sky looks blue. at sunrise and sunset, the light passes through thicker atmosphere and blue light is scattered more, so mostly red and orange light is visible.
Explanation:
hope it helps
Answer:
C-The thick atmosphere scatters all but longer wavelengths.
Explanation:
Light travels through more atmosphere, leaving long wavelengths at sunrise/sunset
what are the three types of nuclear radiation?
alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
alpha particles, beta rays, and gamma rays
alpha rays, beta particles, and gamma rays
alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma particles
alpha ,beta and gamma are nuclear radiation
A weather balloon is filled with helium that occupies a volume of 500 L at 0.995 atm and 32.0 ℃. After it is released, it rises to a location where the pressure is 0.720 atm and the temperature is -12 ℃. What is the volume of the balloon at the new location?
Answer : The volume of the balloon at the new location is, 591.3 L
Explanation :
Combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law.
The combined gas equation is,
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure of gas = 0.995 atm
[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure of gas = 0.720 atm
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas = 500 L
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas = ?
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of gas = [tex]32.0^oC=273+32=305K[/tex]
[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature of gas = [tex]-12^oC=273+(-12)=261K[/tex]
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:
[tex]\frac{0.995atm\times 500L}{305K}=\frac{0.720atm\times V_2}{261K}[/tex]
[tex]V_2=591.3L[/tex]
Therefore, the volume of the balloon at the new location is, 591.3 L
What are the “parts” of a chemical formula? (ex. -->, +, reactants, products, coefficient, subscript)
(12 points)
Answer:
the reactants and products
Explanation:
There are two parts to a chemical equation. The reactants are the elements or compounds on the left side of the arrow (-->). The elements and compounds to the right of the arrow are the products
please like and Mark as brainliest
Answer:
the reactants and products
i got 6 points not 12
Which has the most thermal energy?
A cup of water at 10°C or a lake at 10°C
Answer:
A lake because it has more mass
Answer:
A lake at 10 degrees C
Explanation: Got it right on Edge 2020
Scientists have created an exact scale replica of a rover currently found on Mars and a miniature 3D landscape identical to that where the rover is currently located. Before sending the rover over the treacherous Martian landscape, they wish to try their model rover first. Which features make this a good model for the scientists to use?
A. It is simplified to leave out details, which makes it easier to understand.
B. It is based on sound scientific principles.
C. It can be used to make predictions.
D. It can be analyzed and shown to be reliable or un-reliable.
The scale model of the Mars rover and landscape is a good model as it is based on scientific principles, can make predictions, and be analyzed for reliability.
Explanation:This rover model created by the scientists has several factors that make it a good model for the Martian landscape. B. It is based on sound scientific principles: This model is created using scientific facts and principles about the Mars terrain and the rover itself, ensuring it is a legitimate representation of the actual conditions on Mars. C. It can be used to make predictions: The scientists can use this model to test different circumstances and see how the rover would behave, allowing them to predict any problems that might be encountered on the actual planet. D. It can be analyzed and shown to be reliable or un-reliable: After running tests, the model's representation of reality can be assessed. If it accurately predicts the rover's action in the real Martian environment, it can be considered reliable. If not, it is seen as unreliable.
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How many valence electrons does a neutral atom of aluminum have?
Answer:
Aluminum has 13 electrons in a neutral atom. The 1S2, 2S2 and 2P6 shells are full, and so is the 3S2. The 3P1 shell has one electron in it (in Al's neutral atom) and that gives aluminum one lone valence electron and two "semi-valence" electrons which can be loaned out.
Explanation:
The number of valence electrons that a neutral atom of aluminum has is 3 valence electrons.
What are valence electrons?Valence electrons are those electrons in the outermost parts of elements that can be combined or loned to other elements during chemical reactions. Aluminum has three electrons in the valence shell.
The total number of electrons that aluminum has is 13 and the 3P1 shell has three electrons. So, this is the number of valence electrons.
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23.495 g sample of aqueous waste leaving a fertilizer manufacturer contains ammonia. The sample is diluted with 72.311 g of water. A 12.949 g aliquot of this solution is then titrated with 0.1080 M HCl . It required 32.27 mL of the HCl solution to reach the methyl red endpoint. Calculate the weight percent NH3 in the aqueous waste.
Answer:
1.86% NH₃
Explanation:
The reaction that takes place is:
HCl(aq) + NH₃(aq) → NH₄Cl(aq)We calculate the moles of HCl that reacted, using the volume used and the concentration:
32.27 mL ⇒ 32.27/1000 = 0.03227 L0.1080 M * 0.03227 L = 3.4852x10⁻³ mol HClThe moles of HCl are equal to the moles of NH₃, so now we calculate the mass of NH₃ that was titrated, using its molecular weight:
3.4852x10⁻³ mol NH₃ * 17 g/mol = 0.0592 g NH₃The weight percent NH₃ in the aliquot (and thus in the diluted sample) is:
0.0592 / 12.949 * 100% = 0.4575%Now we calculate the total mass of NH₃ in the diluted sample:
Diluted sample total mass = Aqueous waste Mass + Water mass = 23.495 + 72.311 = 95.806 g
0.4575% * 95.806 g = 0.4383 g NH₃Finally we calculate the weight percent NH₃ in the original sample of aqueous waste:
0.4383 g NH₃ / 23.495 g * 100% = 1.86% NH₃1. The solubility of lead(II) chloride at some high temperature is 3.1 x 10-2 M. Find the Ksp of PbCl2 at this temperature.
2. The Ksp of Al(OH)3 is 1.0 x 10-33. What is the solubility of Al(OH)3 in 0.000010 M Al(NO3)3?
3. A precipitate of lead(II) chloride forms when 3.5 mg of NaCl is dissolved in 0.250 L of 0.12 M lead(II)nitrate.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
1) The solubility product of the lead(II) chloride is [tex]1.2\times 10^{-4}[/tex].
2) The solubility of the aluminium hydroxide is [tex]1.6\times 10^{-10} M[/tex].
3)The given statement is false.
Explanation:
1)
Solubility of lead chloride = [tex]S=3.1\times 10^-2M[/tex]
[tex]PbCl_2(aq)\rightleftharpoons Pb^{2+}(aq)+2Cl^-(aq)[/tex]
S 2S
The solubility product of the lead(II) chloride = [tex]K_{sp}[/tex]
[tex]K_{sp}=[Pb^{2+}][Cl^-]^2[/tex]
[tex]K_{sp}=S\times (2S)^2=4S^3=4\times (3.1\times 10^{-2})^3=1.2\times 10^{-4}[/tex]
The solubility product of the lead(II) chloride is [tex]1.2\times 10^{-4}[/tex].
2)
Concentration of aluminium nitrate = 0.000010 M
Concentration of aluminum ion =[tex]1\timed 0.000010 M=0.000010 M[/tex]
Solubility of aluminium hydroxide in aluminum nitrate solution = [tex]S[/tex]
[tex]Al(OH)_3(aq)\rightleftharpoons Al^{3+}(aq)+3OH^-(aq)[/tex]
S 3S
The solubility product of the aluminium nitrate = [tex]K_{sp}=1.0\times 10^{-33}[/tex]
[tex]K_{sp}=[Al^{3+}][OH^-]^3[/tex]
[tex]1.0\times 10^{-33}=(0.000010+S)\times (3S)^3[/tex]
[tex]S=1.6\times 10^{-10} M[/tex]
The solubility of the aluminium hydroxide is [tex]1.6\times 10^{-10} M[/tex].
3.
[tex]Molarity=\frac{Moles}{Volume (L)}[/tex]
Mass of NaCl= 3.5 mg = 0.0035 g
1 mg = 0.001 g
Moles of NaCl = [tex]\frac{0.0035 g}{58.5 g/mol}=6.0\times 10^{-5} mol[/tex]
Volume of the solution = 0.250 L
[tex][NaCl]=\frac{6.0\times 10^{-5} mol}{0.250 L}=0.00024 M[/tex]
1 mole of NaCl gives 1 mole of sodium ion and 1 mole of chloride ions.
[tex][Cl^-]=[NaCl]=0.00024 M[/tex]
Moles of lead (II) nitrate = n
Volume of the solution = 0.250 L
Molarity lead(II) nitrate = 0.12 M
[tex]n=0.12 M]\times 0.250 L=0.030 mol[/tex]
1 mole of lead nitrate gives 1 mole of lead (II) ion and 2 moles of nitrate ions.
[tex][Pb^{2+}]=[Pb(NO_2)_3]=0.030 M[/tex]
[tex]PbCl_2(aq)\rightleftharpoons Pb^{2+}(aq)+2Cl^-(aq)[/tex]
Solubility of lead(II) chloride = [tex]K_{sp}=1.2\times 10^{-4}[/tex]
Ionic product of the lead chloride in solution :
[tex]Q_i=[Pb^{2+}][Cl^-]^2=0.030 M\times (0.00024 M)^2=1.7\times 10^{-9}[/tex]
[tex]Q_i<K_{sp}[/tex] ( no precipitation)
The given statement is false.
The Ksp of PbCl2 at a given temperature is calculated using the solubility of the compound. For Al(OH)3 in a solution containing Al(NO3)3, the solubility would be influenced by the common ion effect. The potential formation of a PbCl2 precipitate depends on the concentrations of lead(II) and chloride ions.
Explanation:Calculation of Ksp and Solubility
The solubility product (Ksp) represents the equilibrium between a solid and its corresponding ions in a solution. It is a unique value for each soluble compound at a given temperature.
1. Ksp of PbCl2
The dissolution of PbCl2 can be written as:
PbCl2(s) ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
Given the solubility of PbCl2 is 3.1 x 10-2 M, we can deduce the concentration of Pb2+ is 3.1 x 10-2 M and Cl- is 2 x 3.1 x 10-2 M. Thus, the Ksp can be calculated using the formula:
Ksp = [Pb2+][Cl-]2 = (3.1 x 10-2) x (2 x 3.1 x 10-2)2 = 5.88 x 10-5
2. Solubility of Al(OH)3 in Al(NO3)3 Solution
Given the Ksp of Al(OH)3 is 1.0 x 10-33, and the initial concentration of Al3+ from Al(NO3)3 is known, we need to account for the common ion effect which will reduce the solubility of Al(OH)3. This complex calculation would require additional steps to accurately account for the common ion.
3. Formation of PbCl2 Precipitate
NaCl dissociates to give Cl- ions and the Pb2+ from Pb(NO3)2 can form PbCl2, depending on the product of their concentrations relative to the Ksp of PbCl2. This assessment involves comparing the ionic product to the Ksp to determine if a precipitate will form.
Helium has 2 electrons and 2 protons. If the atom gains energy, to what energy level will an electron move?
A)the first energy level
B)the second energy level
C)the third energy level
D)it will remain at the same energy level
Final answer:
When a helium atom gains energy, its electrons can be excited from the 1s subshell to a higher energy level. The most likely energy level for the first electron jump when energy is absorbed, according to many electron transitions, is the second energy level. So the correct option is B.
Explanation:
When a helium atom gains energy, its electrons can move from the first energy level to a higher one. Initially, both electrons in helium fill the 1s subshell, meaning it is in its lowest energy state or ground state. According to the energy levels in an atom, when an electron gains energy it can move to a higher energy level. Therefore, when a helium atom gains enough energy, one of the electrons can be excited to the second energy level (n=2). It cannot remain in the first energy level (option A) and will not stay in the same energy level either (option D). Without additional energy amounts specific to helium, options for the third energy level (option C) or higher are less probable for the first energy jump for helium's electron. Therefore, the most likely answer is B, the second energy level.
The salt that is formed during the reaction between potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is
Answer:
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Explanation:
According to Arrhenius, an acid is a substance that dissociates to give protons, whereas a base dissociates to give hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution.
Therefore, a chemical reaction in which an Arrhenius acid reacts with an Arrhenius base to give salt and water, is known as a Neutralization reaction.
For example: Neutralization reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
A strong acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with a strong base, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to give salt, sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H₂O).
The chemical equation for this Neutralization reaction:
HCl (acid) + NaOH (Base) → NaCl (Salt) + H₂O (Water)
Therefore, sodium chloride (NaCl) is the salt formed during the chemical reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).