Answer:
CCl4- tetrahedral bond angle 109°
PF3 - trigonal pyramidal bond angles less than 109°
OF2- Bent with bond angle much less than 109°
I3 - linear with bond angles = 180°
A molecule with two double bonds and no lone pairs - linear molecule with bond angle =180°
Explanation:
Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) helps us to predict the molecular shape, including bond angles around a central atom, of a molecule by examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement which tends to minimize repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom are either bonding pairs of electrons, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs. The electrostatic repulsion of these electrons is reduced when the various regions of high electron density assume positions as far apart from each other as possible.
Lone pairs and multiple bonds are known to cause more repulsion than single bonds and bond pairs. Hence the presence of lone pairs or multiple bonds tend to distort the molecular geometry geometry away from that predicted on the basis of VSEPR theory. For instance CCl4 is tetrahedral with no lone pair and four regions of electron density around the central atom. This is the expected geometry. However OF2 also has four regions of electron density but has a bent structure. The molecule has four regions of electron density but two of them are lone pairs causing more repulsion. Hence the observed bond angle is less than 109°.
Everything in the universe is
made up of what?
1. How many atoms are in 1 mole? How many molecules are in one mole? How many formula units are in
1 mole?
Answer:
One mole is equal to 6.02214179×1023 atoms, One mole contains 6.022 x 1023 molecules, 1 mol of an atom, molecule or formula unit contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms, molecules or formula units.
Explanation:
One mole of any substance contains 6.022\u00d71023 atoms, molecules, or formula units, known as Avogadro's number. Knowing the molecular formula is essential for determining the number of specific atoms in a mole of molecules. The molar mass is used to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of moles.
Explanation:Understanding the Mole Concept in Chemistry
One mole of a substance contains 6.022\u00d71023 atoms, molecules, or formula units. This number is known as Avogadro's number, and it applies regardless of the substance being an element or a compound. Therefore, there are exactly 6.022\u00d71023 atoms in 1 mole of an element, 6.022\u00d71023 molecules in 1 mole of a molecular compound, and 6.022\u00d71023 formula units in 1 mole of an ionic compound.
For instance, to calculate the number of moles of a specific atom within a molecule, the molecular formula of the substance must be known. Considering 5.6\u00d71022 molecules of MgF2, one molecule of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) contains 1 atom of magnesium (Mg) and 2 atoms of fluorine (F). Hence, the total number of atoms of fluorine in 5.6\u00d71022 molecules of MgF2 would be twice the number of molecules, which is 1.12\u00d71023 atoms of fluorine.
In stoichiometric calculations, knowing molar mass is crucial as it links the mass of a substance (that can be measured on an analytical balance) to the amount of substance in moles. By using the formula of a compound and its molar mass, we can convert between grams and moles, and through Avogadro's number, relate moles to the number of atoms or molecules.
If objects at the same distance suddenly decreased in mass the gravitational force between them would
Answer:
Gravitational force is also decreases.
Explanation:
Gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of an object and inversely properly to the distance between their centres. Directly means if one increases the other automatically increases or if one decreases, the other also decreases. There is a direct relationship between mass and gravitational force so if mass of the bodies decrease, the gravitational force is also decreases.
Answer:
Explanation:
If the mass increases the the gravitational force will increase same as if the mass decreases the gravitational force will decrease as well.
The average distance between molecules always increases during which of the following phase changes?
A. gas to solid
B. liquid to gas
C. gas to liquid
D. liquid to solid
Answer:
B. liquid to gas
Explanation:
Matter exists in 3 different states:
- Solid: in solids, particles in the substance are tightly bond to each other through strong intermolecular forces. Therefore, they can only vibrate around their fixed position, but they cannot move freely: as a result, the distance between the particles is the smallest among the 3 states of matter.
- Liquid: in a liquid, particles are able to slide past each other, however there are still intermolecular forces keeping them not too far from each other. As a result, in liquids, particles are on average more distance from each other compared to solids.
- Gas: in a gas, particles are completely free to move, as the intermolecular forces between them are negligible. As a result, in gases, the distance between molecules is the greatest, compared with solids and liquids.
Therefore, the phase changes in which the average distance between molecules increases is:
B. liquid to gas
explain the effects of human activity on groundwater and surface water in a watershed
Explanation:
Human activities commonly affect the distribution, quantity, and chemical quality of water resources. The range in human activities that affect the interaction of ground water and surfa.ce water
The effects of human activity on groundwater and surface water in a watershe, Watersheds directly affect water quality, whether it's for drinking or recreation. For example, algae blooms from fertilizer runoff draining into water harm watershed health, as do mercury and lead seeping into the water supply due to pollution. ... The polluted water supply that results can become harmful to humans.
a result, most water becomes polluted by human activities. These include: throwing sewage and industrial waste into rivers and oceans, using harmful fertilizers, and even littering. All of these human activities affect our water sources. ... Water pollution affects the plants, animals, and soil around the river.
Human activities such as industrial waste discharge, use of pesticides and fertilizers, urban development, and excessive groundwater extraction have significant impacts on groundwater and surface water in watersheds. These activities result in water pollution, flooding, erosion, land subsidence, and reduced water supply.
Explanation:Human activities significantly impact both groundwater and surface water within a watershed. For example, industrial processes, agricultural practices, and urban development can all lead to the pollution of water sources. Industries often discharge waste into water bodies, which increases the chemical concentration affecting both groundwater and surface water. Additionally, the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture seeps into the ground and contaminates groundwater, which eventually affects surface water as well.
Urban development affects watersheds by increasing impervious surfaces like pavement, reducing the land's ability to absorb water into the ground. This limits groundwater recharge and increases surface runoff, contributing to flooding and erosion.
Lastly, excessive groundwater extraction for agricultural, industrial, or domestic use can lower the water table in a process known as over-extraction. This has long-term consequences, including land subsidence and reduced water supply for future generations.
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How do scientists use light-years?
Answer:
Scientists don't actually measure astronomical distances in light years. Rather, they measure them in a unit called the Parsec , and only convert to light years when they're talking to the general public . One light-year is the distance light travels through space in one year.
Explanation:
Select the correct answer.
Given the law of conservation of energy, what happens when a 200°C iron bar is placed in thermal contact with a 30°C block of wood?
A
Energy leaves the iron bar and enters the wood until the temperatures are equal.
B. Energy leaves the wood and enters the iron bar until the temperatures are equal.
C. All the energy from the iron bar is transferred to the wood.
D. All the energy from the wood is transferred to the iron bar.
Answer:
the answer is A
Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of energy or the first law thermodynamics energy neither be created nor destroyed, energy is transferred from one form to another form.
When a 200°C iron bar is placed in thermal contact with a 30°C block of wood then, energy leaves the iron bar and enters the wood until the temperatures are equal. Option A is correct.
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy will not be created or destroyed, but it can be transferred from one object to the another object or transformed into a different forms.
When a 200°C iron bar is placed in thermal contact with a 30°C block of wood, heat energy will transfer from the higher-temperature iron bar to the lower-temperature wood until both objects reach thermal equilibrium (i.e., until their temperatures become equal). This is based on the principle that heat flows from hotter objects to colder objects in an attempt to reach equilibrium.
Hence, A. is the correct option.
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What are the names of the 2 products when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid?
An increase in the temperature of a system at equilibrium favors the
Answer:
endothermic reaction.
Explanation:
An increase in the temperature of a system at equilibrium favors the backward or reversible reaction.
What is equilibrium law?According to the equilibrium law, when any external stress is applied at the equilibrium state then the equilibrium will shift to that side which decreases the external affect.
Suppose a chemical reaction which is exothermic in nature will be represented as:
A + B ⇄ C + D
If we increases the temperature then reaction will shift to the left side to overcome the effect of increased temperature.
Hence reversible reaction proceeds on increasing the temperature.
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What are the two main systems we use for describing acids and bases?
You look for shells when you visit the beach. However, if you're hiking in the mountains and you find shells by accident, you know that
A) the mountain has a lake nearby.
B) the mountain was once under the sea.
C) some prehistoric sea creatures could live on land, too.
D) the shells were blown by powerful winds to the mountain top.
Answer:ThE aNsWeR iS B
Explanation: The earth was one a big ocean but than volcanoes explode and that created land :)
If you're hiking in the mountains and you find shells by accident, you know that the mountain was once under the sea. Therefore, the correct option is option B.
What is mountain?A mountain is indeed an elevated area of the crust of the Earth, typically with steep - sided that reveal a substantial amount of bedrock that has been exposed. Although variations exist, a mountain is normally taller than a hill, rising as least 300 meters (1,000 feet) just above surrounding ground.
Most mountains are found in mountain ranges, while a handful have solitary peaks. Tectonic forces, erosion, and volcanism, which operate on time spans as long as tens of millions of years, are responsible for the formation of mountains. You look for shells when you visit the beach. However, if you're hiking in the mountains and you find shells by accident, you know that the mountain was once under the sea.
Therefore, the correct option is option B.
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Determine the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 141.6 g of citric acid, C3H5O(COOH)3, in 3500.0 mL of water ?
Answer:
0.21M of C3H5O(COOH)3
Explanation:
Molarity = no of mole/ volume of solution
Molar mass of C3H5O (COOH)3 = 192.12g
No of mole of C3H5O (COOH)3 = 141.6/192.12 = 0.74mol
1000mL = 1L
3500mL = 3.5L
Molarity = 0.74/ 3.5 = 0.21M of C3H5O (COOH)3
Answer:
0.2M
Explanation:
The molarity of a solution is given by;
M = number of moles / volume
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Mass of Citric acid = 141.6g
Molar mass of citric acid = (6×12)+(8×1)+(7×16)
= 72+8+112=192g/mol
Number of moles of citric acid=141.6/192=0.74mol
Volume = 3500.0 mL = (3500/1000)L=3.5L
Molarity of the solution = 0.74mol/3.5L=0.2mol/L
Therefore, 0.2mol/L or 0.2M concentration is prepared by dissolving 141.6 g of citric acid, C3H5O(COOH)3, in 3500.0 mL of water
O2 + CS2 → CO2 + SO2
Which of the following shows the equation balanced?
What is the mass in grams
of 2.25 mol of the element
iron, Fe?
Answer:
126g
Explanation:
Data obtained from the question include:
Mole of Fe = 2.5moles
Molar Mass of Fe = 56g/mol
Mass of Fe =?
Number of mole = Mass/Molar Mass
Mass = number of mole x molar Mass
Mass of Fe = 2.25 x 56
Mass of Fe = 126g
Therefore, the mass in 2.25mol of Fe is 126g
Answer: 126g
Explanation:
No of moles = mass given/molar mass
No of moles given=2.25mol
Molar mass of Fe= 56
Mass =?
Substitute the values into the formula
No of moles = mass given/molar mass
2.25= mass/56
Mass= 56×2.25
Mass = 126g
Mass of Fe in 2.25mols is 126g
Need Some Help
How do the oxides of nitrogen differ from each other?
Which of the following natural processes added sediments, soil, rocks, or other Earth debris to landforms?
Group of answer choices
Chemical weathering
Deposition
Erosion
Mechanical weathering
Answer:
The answer to the question is deposition
Deposition is the natural processes added sediments, soil, rocks, or other Earth debris to landforms. Hence option b is correct.
What is decomposition?Decomposition is defined as the procedure by which decomposed organic materials are converted into more basic organic or inorganic compounds such carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars, and mineral salts. The process of decomposition is intricate. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are the mineral forms of nutrients that are produced during the breakdown of organic materials.
The geological process of deposition involves the addition of sediments, soil, and rocks to a landform or landmass. Previously weathered surface material is carried by wind, ice, water, and gravity. When enough kinetic energy in the fluid is lost, it is deposited, creating layers of sediment.
Thus, deposition is the natural processes added sediments, soil, rocks, or other Earth debris to landforms. Hence option b is correct.
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Which qualities describe the mass and charge of an electron?
A.
mass equal to that of a proton; positive charge
B.
mass equal to that of a proton; negative charge
C.
mass 1/1836 that of a proton; positive charge
D.
mass 1/1836 that of a proton; negative charge
B.
mass equal to that of a proton; negative charge
What is the pH of a 1.0 X 10 - M solution of nitric acid?
Answer:
pH = 1
Explanation:
pH = - log [1.0*10(^-1) ]= 1
PV = k, where Pis pressure, Vis volume, and k is a constant
Question 1
Suppose you have a gas in a container being pressed down by a piston. The initial volume of the gas is 5.0 m3 and
the pressure is 7.5 mmHg. If the volume decreases to 4.0 m, what is the pressure? (The product of the volume and
pressure remain constant.)
(5.0 m)(7.5 mmHg) = (P)(4.0 m)
Answer:
9.38mmHg
Explanation:
V₁ = 5m³
P₁ = 7.5mmHg
V₂ = 4.0m³
P₂ = ?
Applying Boyle's law,
The volume of a fixed mass of of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure as long as temperature is kept constant.
P = k / V
P₁ * V₁ = P₂ * V₂
v₂ = (p₁ * v₁) / v₂
V₂ = (5.0 * 7.5) / 4.0
v₂ = 9.375 ≈ 9.38mmHg
The new volume of the gas is 9.38mmHg
WHEN I SAY I NEED HELP ASAP !!!
Answer:
monoxide
dioxide
trioxide
tetroxide
pentoxide
hexoxide
heptoxide
octoxide
nonoxide
Explanation:
Just the way it is. If there is an -a or -o infront of the oxide(or another substance that starts with vowel), the a is often dropped.
How many moles of Ag will be produced from 16g of Cu, assuming AgNO3 is available in excess
Answer:
Assuming the reaction you are referring to is the following:
AgNO3 + Cu --> Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
First, we should balance the reaction:
2 AgNO3 + Cu --> Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
Now we carry out dimensional analysis, taking into account the molar ratios of different species as given in the balanced reaction and molar masses (which we can look up in the periodic table).
We begin with what we know, which is that we have 16.0 g Cu reacting and work our way toward the quantity that we would like to calculate, namely moles of Ag.
16.0 g Cu x 1 mol Cu x 2 mol Ag = 0.504 mol Ag
63.5 g Cu 1 mol Cu
5. Which of the following is the best explanation why a reaction in a closed container can appear to stop before all the reactants are converted to products? (2 points)
O
The forward reaction has run to completion, and the reverse reaction has started.
O
The reaction reaches equilibrium, and the forward and reverse reactions stop.
O
The forward and reverse reactions eventually reach the same rate.
The limiting reactant prevents the forward reaction from continuing to completion.
Answer: The forward and reverse reactions eventually reach the same rate.
Explanation:
The reactions which do not go on completion and in which the reactant forms product and the products goes back to the reactants simultaneously are known as equilibrium reactions.
Equilibrium state is the state when reactants and products are present but the concentrations does not change with time.
The equilibrium is dynamic in nature and the reactions are continuous in nature. Rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction and it appears as it has stopped.
Answer:b a
Explanation:
In the following reaction the oxidation state of phosphorus changes from ____ to ____? P4 + H2O + HNO3 -> H3PO4 + NO
A) +4, +5
B) 0, +6
C) O, +5
D) +5, +6
Answer:
C) 0, +5
Explanation:
P + H2O + HNO3 -> H3PO4 + NO
We consider all compounds that contain phosphorus in the equation
A substance that has no charge has a zero oxidation state
Hence at the reactant, phosphorus has an oxidation state of 0
Let us consider H3PO4 at the product side
Oxidation state of
H =+1×3=+3
O=-2×4=-8
P = ?
H3PO4 is a neutral compound and has 0 oxidation state
The sum of the individual oxidation states of each atoms in H3PO4 is equal to 0
Hence,
+3 + P + (-8) = 0
3+P-8=0
P=-3+8=+5
Hence the oxidation state of phosphorus in H3PO4 is +5
Therefore, the oxidation state of P in the reaction changed from
0 to +5
Phosphorus is said to have undergone oxidation
2.0801 mol of bromine gas is held at 4.258 atm and 284.92 K. What is the volume of its container in liters?
Answer:
11.427L
Explanation:
From the ideal gas law,
PV=nRT
Where;
P=pressure of the gas
V=volume of the gas occupied by the container
n=number of moles of the gas
R=the ideal gas constant=0.0821atmL/mol/K
Given
P=4.258atm
V=?
n=2.0801mol
T=284.92K
From the equation
PV=nRT,
We will make V subject of formula
V=nRT/P
Let's now substitute the values
V=(2.0801×0.0821×284.92)/4.258
V=11.427L
Therefore, the volume of the container is 11.427L
Answer:
11.41L
Explanation:
Data obtained from the question include:
n (number of mole of Br2) = 2.0801 mol
P (pressure) = 4.258 atm
T (temperature) = 284.92K
R (gas constant) = 0.082atm.L/Kmol
V (volume of the container) =?
Applying the ideal gas equation PV = nRT, the volume of the container can be obtained as follow:
PV = nRT
4.258 x V = 2.0801x0.082x284.92
Divide both side by 4.258
V = (2.0801x0.082x284.92)/4.258
V = 11.41L
Therefore, the volume of the container is 11.41L
Jillian made a model of an animal cell. She used a round
balloon to represent the cell membrane. She pushed
objects like marbles and rocks into the balloon to show cell
parts, then filled it with water to show fluid inside the cell.
Answer:
B. It does not show the functions of the cell parts
Explanation:
Cell models will always have some limitations. Here, the limitation is that Jillian did not include the functions of the cell parts, which can be confusing for someone on the outside who comes to take a look. So, the answer is B.
Choice A doesn't really make sense at all.
Obviously, the cell model is larger than a real animal cell, but that's the point of models - they are created to help scientists better understand and visualize very tiny things. Eliminate C.
This cell model is definitely not more complex than a real animal cell. If anything, it's more simplistic, so D is wrong.
Hope this helps!
How does population density differ from population size?
a Population size takes all organisms into account, while population density only takes specific age
groups of the population into account.
b. Population size is the total number of organisms, while population density is the total number of
organisms within a given area.
C. Population size is the total number of organisms within a given area, while population density is the
total number of organisms of a specific age.
d Population size is the total number of organisms of all species, while population density is the total
number of organisms of a specific species.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OOO
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Population size is the number of individuals in a population.
Population density is the average number of individuals per unit of area or volume.
Dalton's atomic theory
John Dalton provided the basic theory about the nature of matter, which came to be known as Dalton's atomic theory.
According to Dalton's atomic theory, all matter is composed of small particles called atoms.
Dalton provided some postulates of this theory. Some of the important ones are:
All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms, which participate in chemical reactions.Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties.Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound.So, as we see in the postulates, Dalton's atomic theory provided an explanation for the law of conservation of mass and the law of definite proportions.
The postulate of Dalton's atomic theory, i.e., "Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction." is the result of the law of conservation of mass.
The postulate "The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound." can explain the law of definite proportion.
However, later it was found that there are some drawbacks of Dalton's atomic theory.
The postulate "Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction." was proven wrong. Atoms can be further divided into three subatomic particles: electrons, protons, neutrons.Dalton's atomic theory says "Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties.". However, atoms of the same element can have slightly different masses.The theory says "Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties." But, even atoms of different elements can have the same mass.Hope you could understand.
If you have any query, feel free to ask.
Organisms can survive even. when in the wrong environment. (True/False)
Answer:
False
Explanation:
It is false. For example, if a shark stays on land, what will happen. It would end up dying because it needs water and its in a dry environment.
Which species is oxidized in the following reaction? N2O + H2 -> H2O + NH3
A) N+
B) H2
C) H+
D) N3
Answer:
B. H2
Hydrogen gas is the oxidized (reducing agent).
In the reaction N₂O + H₂ -> H₂O + NH₃, oxidation and reduction involve changes in oxidation states. Nitrogen in N₂O is ostensibly the species that gets oxidized. therefore the correct option is e.
To determine which species is oxidized in the reaction N₂O + H₂ -> H₂O + NH₃, we need to look at the changes in oxidation states of the elements involved. Oxidation involves an increase in oxidation state. In this reaction, nitrogen (N) goes from a lower oxidation state in N₂O to a higher one in NH₃, implying that hydrogen (H₂) is gaining electrons and being reduced, meaning the oxidized species must be N₂O. However, the options provided do not correctly match the elements or compounds in the reaction as written. The question might contain a typographical error since none of the options correctly identify nitrogen in the form of N₂O or NH₃. Typically, the oxidation state of hydrogen (H) is +1, and for nitrogen in NH₃, it's -3. Based on standard oxidation states, the closest correct answer, despite the mislabeled choices, would be nitrogen in some form because it's nitrogen's oxidation state that is changing in this context, not hydrogen's in a way that would indicate it's being oxidized. Without the correct options provided, addressing this question accurately is challenging.
The complete question is
content loaded
Which species is oxidized in the following reaction? N₂O + H₂ -> H₂O + NH₃
A) N+
B) H2
C) H+
D) N3
E) None of the above.
What is the volume of a 0.120 M solution that contains 9.35 g of HCI?
Answer:
2.13L
Explanation:
first you must find the amount(mols) of HCl in the solution. then you can use that to find the volume of the solution.
we know the:
mass m = 9.35g
molar mass M = 1 + 35.5=36.5 g/mol ( check periodic table )
concentration c = 0.120 mol/L
amount ( mols) of HCl:
n= m/M
n(HCl) = 9.35/36.5
= 0.2561644 mol
concentration of HCl in solution:
n= cV
V(HCl) = n/c
= 0.2561644/0.120
= 2.1347
= 2.13 L (3sf)
Final answer:
To find the volume of the solution, we can use the equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂, where C₁ and V₁ are the concentration and volume of the stock solution, and C₂ and V₂ are the desired concentration and volume of the diluted solution.
Explanation:
To find the volume of the solution, we can use the equation:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Where C₁ and V₁ are the concentration and volume of the stock solution, and C₂ and V₂ are the desired concentration and volume of the diluted solution. Rearranging the equation to find V₂:
V₂ = (C₁V₁) / C₂
Plugging in the given values, we have:
V₂ = (0.120 M * V₁) / 0.120 M
V₂ = V₁