1. George Washington’s Farewell Address gave a strong message about foreign policy. What was it? How did John Adams and Thomas Jefferson address foreign policy in their administrations? Describe key foreign policy events or positions of the Adams and Jefferson administrations.

In AD 212, Roman rulers unified the empire by granting citizenship to every free person under the edict of Emperor Caracalla.

Roman rulers helped unify the empire by granting every free person citizenship in AD 212. This historical event is known as the edict issued by Emperor Caracalla, who extended Roman citizenship to all free men and women of the Roman Empire. The significance of this move was not only in unifying the legal privileges and aspects of governance under Roman law but also in aiding tax collection throughout the Empire. While the extent of its application was debated, with exclusions for certain groups mentioned in the edict, it nonetheless profoundly affected the legal status of the empire's free inhabitants.

I truly believe your answer is B

White ethnics in American history were European immigrants with customs and languages different from the original white Anglo-Saxon Protestants.

In American history, white ethnics were immigrants primarily from Europe. Their languages, traditions, and customs were different from the original white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs). These immigrants were not colonists who moved west or settled in Canada, nor were they colonists loyal to England and against American independence. It's essential to remember that while the term white ethnics may refer to this historical group, the experiences and identities within this group can be incredibly diverse and nuanced.

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Catholic immigrants

Roosevelt would have also used his triumph in 1912 to legitimize progressive programs and his brand of bully-pulpit governance, thereby boosting the federal government's authority and involving it more in social and economic issues.

In the utilization of governance, the terms authority and ability are inaccurate equivalent words. The term authority identifies the political legitimacy, which grants and vindicates the ruler's right to exercise the power of government; and the term power denotes the ability to accomplish an authorized goal, either by compliance or by obedience.

1912 to legitimize progressive programs and his brand of bully-pulpit governance, thereby boosting the federal government's authority and involving it more in social and economic issues.

Therefore, the government's authority and involving it more in social and economic issues.

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Behavioural personality theorists used B.F. Skinner's concepts of operant conditioning explain personality. The correct option is a.

Operant conditioning is a learning process where behaviours are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment. In it, operant behaviours that affect one's environment are conditioned to occur or not occur depending on the environmental consequences of the behaviour.

Operant conditioning originated in the work of Edward Thorndike, whose law of effect theorised that behaviours arise as a result of whether their consequences are satisfying or discomforting. In the 20th century, operant conditioning was studied by behaviourist psychologists, who believed that much, if not all, of mind and behaviour, can be explained as a result of environmental conditioning. Reinforcements are environmental stimuli that increase behaviours, whereas punishments are stimuli that decrease behaviours.

Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning, which is a process where stimuli are paired with biologically significant events to produce involuntary and reflexive behaviours.

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Answer: A. operant conditioning

Explanation: ... CA-Psychology B-CR

Answer:

D)The government considered railroads to be critical to national security and ended the strike for chiefly economic reasons.

Explanation:

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was a strike taken by railroad workers that protested against the reduction in their wages. This Strike is important because it was the first time that the government was involved in the strike, the government called out troops to end it.

Many Americans opposed the Vietnam War because of a growing credibility gap between government reports and the reality of the conflict, as well as moral and strategic disagreements about the war. The exposure of government deception in the Pentagon Papers and the unsettling domestic impact of the war further fueled opposition.

Opposition to the Vietnam War

The opposition to the Vietnam War among Americans was multifaceted and grew over time for several reasons. Initially, the war had support as many Americans believed it was essential to combat Communism and maintain the nation's credibility. However, the credibility gap, which was the discrepancy between what the government reported and the realities on the battlefield, fueled opposition. Public protests intensified as more Americans became disillusioned with the war's progress and questioned the morality and strategy of the U.S. involvement. The leaking of the Pentagon Papers, which exposed government deception regarding the war's winnability and the extent of military success, catalyzed public outrage and deepened the divide between supporters and opponents of the war.

The domestic impact of the war also shaped opposition. As the war escalated, concerns about the draft, the portrayal of the war in the media, and the civil disorder associated with antiwar protests prompted many to reevaluate their stance on the conflict. Furthermore, the military strategies and tactics, including the use of napalm and high civilian casualties, were also contentious points. The broader implications of the war led to a significant shift in American foreign policy views and a general distrust of government information.