Final answer:
The statement is an opinion, not a fact. Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic, but plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells have centrioles, a centrosome, and lysosomes. These differences are crucial for their specific functions in plants and animals.
Explanation:
The statement "Animal cells are more interesting than plant cells" is an opinion, not a fact. Whether one type of cell is more interesting than another is subjective and varies based on personal interest and perspective. In biology, both animal and plant cells are studied for their unique characteristics and functions.
Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic and share several key cellular structures, such as a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. However, they also have distinct differences. Animal cells contain centrioles, a centrosome, and lysosomes, aiding in cell division and the breakdown of cellular waste, respectively. Conversely, plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole for maintaining cell turgor and storing nutrients. Furthermore, plant cells possess plasmodesmata for intercellular communication, while animal cells do not.
These differences are crucial for the cells' respective roles in their organisms. Plant cells' rigid walls and chloroplasts allow them to perform photosynthesis and provide structural support, essential for plant growth and survival. Animal cells' ability to move and adapt to different environments is enabled by the absence of a rigid cell wall, highlighting the physical and functional diversity between animal and plant cells.
Final answer:
The statement regarding the level of interest in animal cells compared to plant cells is subjective and represents an opinion. Animal cells and plant cells each have distinct features that cater to their respective functions in nature, making both types of cells equally complex and interesting from a scientific viewpoint.
Explanation:
The statement 'Animal cells are more interesting than plant cells' is a matter of opinion, not fact. Interest in a subject can vary widely from person to person. In scientific terms, neither animal cells nor plant cells are inherently more interesting; both are equally fascinating and complex in their own right. When comparing animal cells versus plant cells, there are notable differences and functions that make each unique.
Animal cells contain centrioles and centrosomes, which are not found in plant cells. Additionally, they have lysosomes for intracellular digestion. On the other hand, plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, plasmodesmata for cell-to-cell communication, and large central vacuoles for storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure. These features are not present in animal cells. While plant cells provide the necessary structure to enable a plant to grow upright, animal cells lack a rigid exterior which allows for more flexibility and mobility.
Choose all of the following that are examples of SECONDARY SUCCESSION? a. wild fire b. volcanic eruption c. glacier melting d. flood e. tsunami f. abandoned parking lot
Answer:
i think it would be A for wild fire, D for flood and E for Tsunami
Explanation: wild fire are one of the most common ways for a secondary succession that can bring change when the environment is disturbed or damaged. For instance, by allowing fast-growing plants to grow and provide a source of food and shelter for many animals to use and eventually draw them back into the ecosystem. Both flooding and tsunamis help push older organisms and other stuff from the environment to create for room for other plants and animals to come and keep the ecosystem healthy and ongoing.
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Secondary succession is the reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in areas where the soil is left intact. Natural disasters like wildfire and floods, or human activities causing areas to be abandoned are examples of secondary succession.
Explanation:Secondary succession refers to the series of community changes that occur in previously colonized but disturbed or damaged habitats. Examples of disturbances include fires, floods, windstorms, and human activities such as deforestation. Therefore, the correct answers from your set of options are a. wildfire, d. flood and f. abandoned parking lot. When these events occur, they eliminate or reduce the local vegetation, alter the availability of resources, and create opportunities for new species to colonize.
In the case of a wildfire, the area becomes devoid of life but the nutrients are returned to the ground in the form of ash, making the soil ready for new life. Similarly, floods and abandonment of areas such as parking lots create a void that nature quickly tries to fill, leading to secondary succession. The species that establish first (pioneer species) will change the environment in a way that either promotes or hinders the establishment of other species.
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A chromosomes has the following segments, where represents the centromere: M N O P Q R S T Give the chromosome sequences that would result from the following mutations: a. Deletion of MN b. Pericentric inversion of NOP c. Inversion of RS, followed by tandem duplication of QRST
Answer:
a. O | | PQRST
b. MP | | ONQRST
c. MNO | | PQSRTQRST
Explanation:
Deletion of MN: this refers to the removal of the MN segment from the seuence. thus we will have:
MNO | | PQRST - O | | PQRST
Pericentric inversion of NOP: this is a type of chromosomal rearrangement in which the order of sequence of changed through a 180 degrees orientation and this involves the centromere. thus, we will have
MNO | | PQRST - MP | | ONQRST
Inversion of RS: this does not include the centromere and is called a paracentric inversion.
MNO | | PQRST - MNO | | PQSRT
then followed by tandem duplication of QRST. Thus we will have:
MNO | | PQSRTQRST
are nucleic acids proteins
Answer:
Proteins are polymers of amino acids while nucleotides are sugar molecules covalently bonded to nitrogenous bases, which can be either a purine or prymidine
Which of these is an example of parasitism?
Your answer:
A lion defends its territory.
A squirrel stores food in a tree hole.
A polar bear kills and eats a seal.
A fruit fly population has a gene with two alleles, A1 and A2. Molecular genetic tests show that 40% of the gametes produced in the population contain the A1 allele. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what proportion of the flies are homozygous for the A1 allele?
Answer:
= 0.48
Explanation:
the genetic frequency can be calculated using hardy - Weinberg equation
p + q = 1
here p represent the dominant trait and q represent the recessive trait.
the proportion A1 or p = 40/100
= 0.4
now, the proportion of A2 or q will be
p + q = 1
0.4 + q = 1
q = 1- 0.4
q = 0.6
proportion of the flies are homozygous for the A1 allele
2pq
2 x 0.4 x 0.6
= 0.48
Describe the modern system of classification
Answer:
The modern system classifies organisms into eight levels: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific name given to an organism is based on binomial nomenclature. The more classification levels two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common and the more closely related they are.
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The modern system of classification, also known as binomial nomenclature, was developed by Carl Linnaeus. Each species is identified by two names: the genus and the specific epithet, and are further grouped into broader categories like domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, and family.
Explanation:The modern system of classification in biology is known as binomial nomenclature. It was developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. Each species is identified by two names: the genus, which is capitalized and italics, and the specific epithet, which is in lowercase and italics. For example, humans belong to the genus Homo and the species sapiens, so our scientific name is Homo sapiens.
This system allows for precise and universal identification of species. Beyond genus and species, organisms are also grouped into broader categories: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, and family. Each of these levels of classification provides additional information about the characteristics and evolution of the species.
For instance, humans are part of the Animalia Kingdom, Chordata Phylum, Mammalia Class, Primates Order, and Hominidae Family. Hence, the modern system of classification helps scientists in categorizing and understanding the biological and evolutionary relationships between different organisms.
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The complete oxidation of one glucose molecule yields 30 or more ATPATP . Glucose catabolism includes glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. The total yield of ATPATP includes ATPATP , GTPGTP , and reduced cofactors that yield ATPATP from the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Which processes yield the most ATPATP ? When determining the ATPATP yield for each process, include ATPATP derived from reduced cofactors.
Answer:
citric acid cycle
Explanation:
check the below attached file for further explanation
1) Social media and technology have given teenagers more ways to act negatively toward each other. 2) Teens say they believe social media has a positive impact on their lives, with some reporting that it makes them feel "depressed, less popular, less confident, and worse about themselves." 3) These teens are being bullied or are judging themselves because of what they see or experience through technology. 4) Teens should be monitored when they are online to prevent them from acting negatively toward each other. Which sentence should be revised because it presents conflicting information? Which sentence should be revised because it shows bias?
Answer:
sentence 2 then 4
Explanation:
The sentence should be revised because it shows bias is
2) Teens say they believe social media has a positive impact on their lives, with some reporting that it makes them feel "depressed, less popular, less confident, and worse about themselves."
4) Teens should be monitored when they are online to prevent them from acting negatively toward each other.
What is conflicting information?Conflict is serious disagreement and argument about something important. If two people or groups are in conflict, they have had a serious disagreement or argument and have not yet reached an agreement.
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A multigravid client admitted to the labor area is scheduled for a cesarean birth under spinal anesthesia. Which client statement indicates that teaching about spinal anesthesia has been understood
Answer:The anesthetic may cause a severe headache, which is treatable."
Explanation:
Spinal anesthesia is a type of anesthesia which is administered locally using a fine needle between L3 and L4 space or L4 and L5 space in order to avoid injury to the spinal cord. This procedure is usually carried out by a trained health personnel such as:
- a nurse anesthetists and
- anesthesiologists
Spinal anaesthesia can be used in different surgical procedures such as Caesarea sections and to manage pain during vaginal delivery in MULTIGRAVID CLIENTS, which are those clients who has been pregnant more than once.
Caesarean section is usually done while the patient is awake with the use of spinal anaesthesia. Therefore it's important to explain any possible side effects from the drug to the patient which includes a severe type of headache called post-spinal headache and it's treatable.
Firmicutes have contrasting approaches to reproduction. Select an approach for a firmicutes that inhabits a place where substrates will run out and require relocation to the GI track allowing the microbe to access substrates and start vegetative growth again (like a rodent's GI tract):
a. Multisporulation as in Metabacterium polispora
b. One reinforced endospore as in Bacillus subtilis
c. Internal cell division as in Epulopiscium fishelsoni
d. Highly motile arthrospores as in the case of Streptomycetes
Answer:
b. One reinforced endospore as in Bacillus subtilis
Explanation:
The Firmicutes are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. A few, however, such as Megasphaera, Pectinatus, Selenomonas and Zymophilus, have a porous pseudo-outer membrane that causes them to stain gram-negative.
Metabacterium polyspora is an unusual multiple endospore-producing bacterium isolated from the cecum of guinea pigs. This bacterium is physically similar to the phylogenetically related surgeonfish intestinal symbiont Epulopiscium fishelson.
Epulopiscium spp. are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that have a symbiotic relationship with surgeonfish. These bacteria are known for their unusually large size, many ranging from 200–700 μm in length.
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC content.
Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and humans.
How might pausing be detected? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. ResetHelp Pausing can be detected by gel electrophoresis and autoradiographyPausing can be detected by blank in experiments involving transcription blank with blank. After incubation, isolate labeled R N A products and subject to blank. Any paused species will accumulate and can be detected. in experiments involving transcription in vivoPausing can be detected by blank in experiments involving transcription blank with blank. After incubation, isolate labeled R N A products and subject to blank. Any paused species will accumulate and can be detected. with radiolabeled nucleotidesPausing can be detected by blank in experiments involving transcription blank with blank. After incubation, isolate labeled R N A products and subject to blank. Any paused species will accumulate and can be detected.. After incubation, isolate labeled RNA products and subject to gel electrophoresis and autoradiographyPausing can be detected by blank in experiments involving transcription blank with blank. After incubation, isolate labeled R N A products and subject to blank. Any paused species will accumulate and can be detected.. Any paused species will accumulate and can be detected.
RNA transcription pauses can be identified using gel electrophoresis and autoradiography in vivo experiments with radiolabeled nucleotides. The isolated RNA products are subjected to gel electrophoresis where any paused species can be detected.
Explanation:Pausing can be detected by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography in experiments involving transcription in vivo with radiolabeled nucleotides. This process allows for the identification of any paused species in the transcription process. Scientists can probe nucleic acid samples for the presence of these sequences, separating these fragments according to size using gel electrophoresis. These fragments are then subjected to autoradiography. When the RNA products are isolated after incubation, they are subjected to this process. Any paused species will accumulate over time and can be detected due to the radiolabeled nucleotides used in the process.
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Which of the following statements is(are) TRUE of pulmonary edema? I. Pulmonary edema may reduce lung compliance II. Pulmonary edema occurs when interstitial fluid accumulates in tissues of the lung III. Pulmonary edema may increase the rate of oxygen loading IV. A person with severe pulmonary edema is likely to have lower-than-normal oxygen saturation
Answer:
II. Pulmonary edema occurs when interstitial fluid accumulates in tissues of the lung
Explanation:
Pulmonary edema is a condition that occurs when excess of fluid filled in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
Symptoms of pulmonary edema include wheezing, extreme shortness of breath, Cold, clammy skin, feeling of suffocating or drowning , Anxiety, and restlessness or a sense of apprehension.
Treatment for pulmonary edema depends on the cause and generally include supplemental oxygen and medications.
Hence, the correct option is II. Pulmonary edema occurs when interstitial fluid accumulates in tissues of the lung.
Answer:II. Pulmonary edema occurs when interstitial fluid accumulates in tissues of the lung
IV. A person with severe pulmonary edema is likely to have lower-than-normal oxygen saturation
Explanation:
Pulmonary edema occurs when fluid enters into the lungs and accumulate. It a situation that occur when air do not enter into the alveoli( air sac) but fluid enters an accumulate in the air sac leading to shortage of oxygen in the blood stream.
Symptoms ranges from,
Gapsing for breath
Cold and clammy skin
Difficulty in breathing with sweat
Confusion
Pulmonary edema when in severe case lead to supplemental oxygen.
Which of the following is an example of a scientific paradigm? A) Neo Darwinism, in ecology and evolution B) Survival of the Fittest C) The Copernican model of the solar system D) The Aquatic Ape theory of human evolution E) A and C
Answer:
A) Neo Darwinism, in ecology and evolution
Explanation:
Answer:
Option E.
A and C
Explanation:
A scientific paradigm is a framework which contains all of the distinct, established patterns, theories, common methods and standards that allow us to recognize an experimental result as belonging to a field or not.
Both options A and C fit as scientific frameworks for the building of various theories and conducting experiments.
Neo Darwinism is generally used to describe any integration of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection with Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics. This paradigm provided a robust framework from which several theories and theory-revisions of evolution were made.The Copernican model of the solar system is a paradigm that describes the planetary revolutions of the solar system following the heliocentric model, with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.The reasoning pattern, served as framework for the development of other theories. like Kepler's laws, Theory of relativity, etcThe other options B and C are just theories or hypotheses drawn out from other paradigms they do not provide the robust framework for scientific discovery that a paradigm does.
The type of liquid is the
What are you trying to ask?
Thedreaded pathogenic bacterium J. grocious makes a toxin called BalD. There are two allelic forms of balD, with the balD-1 allele encoding the more potent form of the toxin, and balD-2 allele encoding the less potent form of the toxin. Every person in Champaign-Urbana is infected with one of two possible strains of J. grocious, which differ only in whether the strain carries balD-1 allele or balD-2 allele. If the allelic frequency of J. grocious strains carrying the balD-1 allele is 0.8 in Champaign (population = 80,000), and 0.6 in (Urbana = 50,000), then what is the allelic frequency of J. grocious strains carrying the less toxic balD allele within the population of the combined cities of Champaign-Urbana?
Answer:
0.27
Explanation:
Please see attachment
Nucleases are enzymes that "cut" nucleic acids by breaking the phosphodiester bonds that link neighboring nucleotides on the same strand. There are two general types of nuclease activity: endonuclease activity, which cuts within a molecule, and exonuclease activity, which removes successive nucleotides from the end of a molecule. Which type of nuclease activity is performed by DNA Polymerase (Pol III) to remove mismatched nucleotides during DNA replication?
Answer:
The correct answer is: exonuclease activity.
Explanation:
DNA Polymerase is an enzyme of critical importance for the replication of the DNA. DNA needs to be replicated so, when entering Mitosis, each daughter cell can have a copy of the genetic material they need.
DNA Polymerase has an exonuclease activity in which mismatched nucleotides are removed from the newly replicated DNA strand in order to prevent mutations that can lead to malfunctioning or harmful proteins.
Answer:
The correct answer is Exonuclease Activity
Explanation:
The DNA polymerase (Pol III) also possess an error proofreading mechanism apart from it DNA synthesis ability by which it is able to proofread and correct misplaced nucleotides during the process of replication in the cell. Upon encountering, a nucleotide that has been incorrectly incorporated, it corrects this error through the exonuclease activty which removes successive nucleotides from the end of a molecule.
In his early work on the Citric Acid Cycle, Hans Krebs made measurements of oxygen consumption by suspensions of muscle cells. He found that addition of succinate, fumarate or malate to the cell suspension stimulated oxygen consumption, and that the amount of oxygen consumed was about 10-fold more than the amount needed for the complete oxidation of the added compound. Moreover, the succinate, fumarate or malate was not consumed by the cell suspension but was still detectable at the end of the experiment. What is the correct interpretation of these observations
Answer:
TCA sequence succinate, fumarate or malate is that the intermediary composite. separately kind that influence interruption conjointly comprises product of metabolic process (pyruvate) that is the 1st substrate of TCA sequence once it react with acetyl radical CoA and change its state. This change state particle additional regenerate into iso-citrate and alpha-keto glutarate. Throughout the adaptation of iso-citrate to alpha- keto glutarate oxygen is utilized and greenhouse emission is free. That’s the reason why oxygen utilization is increased.
Which of the following best describes the biological role of the lac operon? View Available Hint(s) Which of the following best describes the biological role of the lac operon? It ensures that bacterial cells produce lactose only when no other food sources are available. It ensures that a cell dedicates resources to the production of enzymes involved in lactose metabolism only when lactose is available in the environment. It ensures that a cell produces enzymes involved in lactose metabolism in a constitutive manner. It prevents other sugars from being metabolized until all available lactose has been used.
Answer:
It ensures that a cell dedicates resources to the production of enzymes involved in lactose metabolism only when lactose is available in the environment
Explanation:
Lac operon is also referred to as Lactose operon.This operon helps in the transport and metabolism of lactose of many enteric bacteria.
It ensures that a cell dedicates resources to the production of enzymes involved in lactose metabolism only when lactose is available in the environment
Due to the fact that it would be a total waste to produce enzymes when no lactose is available or if another preferable energy source such as glucose were available. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell uses energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary to avoid wastage and abnormalities.
A scientist is studying an aquarium ecosystem that contains water, plants, and fish that eat those plants. The aquarium has glass walls so light can get in, but it is sealed so no material can move into or out of the tank. When the scientist turned the aquarium's light on, carbon in the water started decreasing. How is carbon moving and what is happening to the amount of carbon in the living things inside the aquarium?
Answer:
Carbon moves from the plant to the fish when it feeds on them. Carbon in form of carbondioxide is used by plants during photosynthesis.
The amount of carbon is decreasing due to the photosynthetic action of the plants in the aquarium
Explanation:
According to this question, the aquarium contains water, plants and fish. The glass of the aquarium is transparent and allows the passage of light. Plants are unique set of organisms that have the ability to produce their own food (organic molecule) using the energy from light which they absorb via the Chlorophyll pigment in their Chloroplast. This process carried out by plants is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
Carbondioxide, which is a compound of carbon, is an important component needed for photosynthesis. It is released when living organisms undergo respiration. The released CO2 is then absorbed by plants to produce their food (glucose) during photosynthesis. The fish in the aquarium is an heterotroph that relies on the plants for its carbon source. It feeds on the plants to get carbon compounds. Therefore, carbon moves from the plants to the fish in the aquarium.
The amount of carbon in form of carbondioxide (CO2) decreases when the light was switched on in the aquarium due to the process of photosynthesis carried out by the plants.
6CO2 + 6H2O + light -----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
The carbon in the aquarium ecosystem is being consumed through photosynthesis by the plants present in the water.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the water and, with the help of light energy from the aquarium's light, convert it into organic carbon compounds during photosynthesis. This process leads to a decrease in the amount of carbon in the water.
As a result of photosynthesis, the amount of carbon in the living things inside the aquarium, primarily the plants, increases. The plants utilize the carbon to grow and sustain themselves, incorporating it into their biomass.
Additionally, if there are algae present, they may also contribute to carbon uptake through photosynthesis. Overall, the introduction of light into the sealed aquarium initiates the process of photosynthesis, leading to a decrease in carbon in the water and an increase in carbon within the living organisms, primarily the plants, present in the ecosystem.
When the z disk moves toward the M line the muscles contract true or false
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
The sliding filament model states that, during muscular contraction, each sarcomere is shrunk, moving the Z disks closer together and towards the M line. The amplitude of the A band doesn't change, but both the I bands and the H zone almost completely disappear. This happens because the actin and myosin filaments slide against one another, thus the actin filaments occupy the A band and the H zone.
. Statements: (1) Collagen, the most abundant protein in humans, is both a fibrous protein and a glycoprotein. (2) Quaternary structure, the highest level of protein organization, is found in all proteins in which 80 or more amino acids are present. (3) A protein chain lacks directionality because its two ends always involve the same amino acid. a. All three statements are true. b. Two of the three statements are true. c. Only one of the statements is true. d. None of the statements are true.
Answer:
c. Only one of the statements is true
Explanation:
Quaternary structure, the highest level of protein organization in which association of several protein chains are closely arranged. The protein subunits are attached together by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds between nonpolar side chains. it is present in all the proteins which have 80 or more amino acids are present.
Collagen, is most abundant protein in the animal kingdom. It is insoluble fibrous protein present in the extracellular matrix and in connective tissue.
A protein chain has directionality consist of a free amino group at one end, and a free carboxyl group on other end.
Hence, only (2) statement is true the correct option is c.
Answer:
c. Only one of the statements is true-(2) Quaternary structure, the highest level of protein organization, is found in all proteins in which 80 or more amino acids are present.
Explanation: Quantenary structure of a protein is a closely packed or complex organization of proteins together as a result of many polypeptide or subunit of protein joined together. Each subunit has it own primary,secondary and tertiary structure. For protein to function effectively, the subunit must be arranged in an organized or patterned form. It is the highest level of protein organization. Others included primary,secondary and terrier structure.
Example of Quantenary is Heamoglobin that is located in Red blood cell and used for transportation of oxygen and DNA(deoxyribose nucleic acid) Polymerase needing for replication of DNA strand.
To be classified as organic, a chemical’s molecules must be
Answer:
based on carbon
Explanation:
Answer:
based on carbon
Explanation:
Which type of response identifies a specific pathogen in the body?
A(n)
response
Answer:
specific immune response.
Explanation:
The two divisions of immune response that identifies pathogens in the body are; The specific immune response and non-specific immune response.
The non-specific immune response acts fast as soon it recognize the pathogens, then attack and destroy it. It's action is so fast that it destroy infections within some minutes. While
specific immune response, act as post agent that attack and destroy pathogens that are could not be destroyed by the non-specific defenses response, though it takes hours for the specific immune response to respond to pathogens.
Note: A pathogen is reffers to as a biological agent that bring disease or to its host body.
Answer:
A(n) immune response.
Explanation:
I took the assesment and it said this was the answer.
Body fluid accounts for more than 50% of a healthy adult’s body weight and water plays a critical role in human health.
Three possible body functions are listed below. Decide which are functions of water and which are not.
Body Functions
yes or no
Acts to maintain body temperature
Protects against bacterial infections
Provides lubrication for organs
Dehydration occurs when water excretion __________________________ water intake. Individuals at risk include the elderly, infants, people exercising heavily for prolonged periods in the heat, and individuals suffering from both short and prolonged bouts of vomiting and diarrhea. Most problems associated with dehydration can be avoided if they are recognized and treated early. If left untreated, however, dehydration can lead to severe consequences including seizures, brain damage, shock, or even death.
Answer:
- These are functions of body water:
Acts to maintain body temperature (YES).Protects against bacterial infections (YES) .Provides lubrication for organs (YES).- Dehydration occurs when the excretion is higher than the intake.
Explanation:
1. One of the main functions of water in the body is to dissolve substances and facilitate their transport, which occurs in the blood flow and in the transport of transcellular substances. This allows the water to fulfill the function of:
Maintain body temperature, contributing to changes in circulation that lead to the maintenance and loss of heat. Protection against infection, by conducting leukocytes and immune system cells to the site of infection. Lubrication and cleaning of tissues and organs, where water is part of the bloodstream and other body fluids that remove waste products and can keep organic surfaces lubricated (urine, synovial fluid, serous fludi, among others).2. Water balance refers to the maintenance of an adequate amount of water in the body, which depends on intake and excretion.
When water intake decreases or excretion increases, there is a water imbalance -linked to the electrolytes dissolved in it- leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in the body.
These can be causes of dehydration:
a) Decreased intake, due to not having water or liquids to ingest.
b) Increased water loss due to:
increased sweating in hot environments. Vomiting. Diarrhea. Polyuria, or increased urine volume.Consider a simple food web consisting of plants, aphids, ants, and ladybird beetles. Aphids are herbivores that consume the plants, and ladybird beetles are a predator that eats aphids. The ants obtain nutritious honeydew from the aphids, and in return the ants protect the aphids from predatory insects. What is likely to happen to the ladybird beetles, aphids, and plants if the ants go extinct
Explanation:
Food web explains the feeding relationship between organisms
The given food web consists of plants,aphids,ants and ladybird beetlesAphids are herbivores which consume plants Ladybird beetles are a predator which eats aphids Ants obtain nutritious honeydew from the aphids and also protect the aphids from predatory insectsMutualism exists between ants and aphids as both are benefited from each otherIf ants go extinct then aphids population will soon start to diminish because aphids protected the ants and therefore now ladybird beetles will directly attack on aphidsIf aphids will start to decrease then plants population will increase because if aphids will decrease then they won't be able to consume plants and hence plant population will increase Ladybird beetles act as a predator and will also soon start to diminsh as ants number will decrease then ladybird beetles will soon die due to starvationThe following are the recombination frequencies for a set of genes found on the same chromosome: X-W 7% W-Y 10% X-Z 13% W-Z 20% X-Y 17% What is the correct order for these genes using a linkage map analysis? Between which two genes is crossing over most likely to occur?
Options have not been provided for the question. They are as follows:
What is the correct order for these genes using a linkage map analysis?
A. Z-X-Y-W
B. X-W-Z-Y
C. W-X-Y-Z
D. Y-W-Z-X
E. Z-X-W-Y
F. Y-X-W-Z
Between which two genes is crossing over most likely to occur?
A. B and D
B.X and Z
C. X and W
D. X and Y
E. W and Z
F. Y and W
G.Y and Z
Answer:
Correct order for these genes using a linkage map analysis: E. Z-X-W-Y
Two genes between which the crossover is most likely to occur: G.Y and Z
Explanation:
According to linkage concept, recombination frequency between two genes = distance between two genes in cM
Here, smallest distance is between X and W ( 7cM ) so they are present next to each other. Distance between X and Y is 17cM and between W and Y is 10cM so W is present between X and Y. Distance between X and Z is 13 cM. Since on one side of X, W and Y are already present Z lies on the other side. So, the final gene order comes out to be, Z-X-W-Y.
According to the gene order, Y and Z genes are farthest from each other. Chances of crossover or recombination increases with increasing distance between genes. So, Y and Z have the highest probability to show crossing over.
Incomplete Question: Options have not been provided for the question. They are as follows:
What is the correct order for these genes using a linkage map analysis?
A. Z-X-Y-W
B. X-W-Z-Y
C. W-X-Y-Z
D. Y-W-Z-X
E. Z-X-W-Y
F. Y-X-W-Z
Between which two genes are crossing over most likely to occur?
A. B and D
B.X and Z
C. X and W
D. X and Y
E. W and Z
F. Y and W
G.Y and Z
The Accurate order for these genes using a linkage map examination: E. Z-X-W-Y
Two genes between which the crossover is most probably to occur: G.Y and also Z
What is a Chromosome?According to the connection concept, recombination frequency between two genes is = distance between two genes in cM
Here, the briefest distance is between X and W ( 7cM ) so they are attending next to each other. Distance between X and also Y is 17cM and then between W and Y is 10cM so W is present between X and Y. Distance between X and Z is 13 cM. Since on one flank of X, W and Y are already present Z lies on the other side. So, the absolute gene charge comes out to be, Z-X-W-Y.
According to the gene ranking, Y and Z genes are outlying from each other. Chances of crossover or recombination growth with increasing distance between genes. So, Y and Z have the most increased probability to show crossing over.
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Which of the following would have the greatest ecosystem diversity? Group of answer choices a lake a prairie the land an organic farmer uses to raise crops to feed his dairy cattle a large island in the tropics that has snowcapped mountains
Options:
a lake a prairie the land an organic farmer uses to raise crops to feed his dairy cattle a large island in the tropics that has snowcapped mountainsAnswer:
a large island in the tropics that has snowcapped mountains
Explanation:
The land a farmer uses is likely to be quite highly regulated in order to ensure that his dairy cattle thrive. That means the growth of certain plants will be controlled, and this will likely impact diversity.
A lake and a prairie could have diverse and balanced ecosystems. However, due to the limited habitat are likely only to harbour specific organisms. E.g. the lake will only harbor organisms that thrive in water environments.
A large island will, first of all, have a lot of space to support diversity. It is in the tropics, meaning it will have species suited to a hot and wet environment. Since it is an island, there will also be the involvement of sea/ocean dwelling creatures. However, there is also mountainous habitat that has snow, meaning it is high up and cold. This provides a habitat for even more species adapted to different environments.
Therefore, the island will be the most diverse.
Answer:
a large island in the tropics that has snow-capped mountains
Explanation:
A tropical land area/ecosystem will by far have the greatest diversity in the ecosystem.
Biodiversity is the variation of life forms in an area. This is usually a function of the number of lives an area can support.
The tropics have abundant energy and the net production is very high. Since there is availability of food for most organisms, different life form will find it easy to thrive in such an area. Tropical regions of the world are the most biodiverse in the world with a rich fauna and floral abundance.Select the statement that best describes homeostasis:
A. internal mechanisms that decrease physiological variables.
B. prevention of changes from happening within the human body.
C. maintenance of a dynamic state of equilibrium within the human body.
D. spontaneous induction of changes to alter the internal state of the body.
Answer: C. maintenance of a dynamic state of equilibrium within the human body.
Explanation:
Homeostasis is the maintenance of body equilibrium. This is done by constantly adjusting to the changes in the body system. There is a set point in the body homoestasis ensure that irrespective of the changes in the body system it goes back to the set point.
The changes in the environment is sensed by the receptor which then send signals to the brain from where the receptors picks it up and respond. The respond could either contrast or relaxes in its response.
Homoestasis is maintained by negative feed back and it is controller in the nervous system in mammals.
Answer:
C. maintenance of a dynamic state of equilibrium within the human body.
Explanation:
Homeostasis is a phenomenon which organisms undergo in order to maintain a dynamic state of equilibrium. Homeostasis helps mainly in the balance of the body’s temperature and fluid.
When organisms are exposed to external conditions such as heat, cold etc , the body tries to balance the internal body system for its optimal functioning and survival. Excess heat can cause dehydration and death but the body uses the sweating mechanism in which the skin excretes little water and then it cools off on the skin thereby reducing the heat content.
D.V., a 32-year-old man, is being admitted to the medical floor from the neurology clinic with symptomsof multiple sclerosis (MS). D.V. has experienced increasing urinary frequency and urgency over the past2 months. Because his female partner was treated for a sexually transmitted infection, D.V. underwenttreatment, but the symptoms did not resolve. D.V. has also recently had two brief episodes of eye "fuzziness" associated with diplopia and flashes of brightness. He has noticed ascending numbness and weakness of the right arm with the inability to hold objects over the past few days. Now he reports rapidly progressing weakness in his legs along with blurred, patchy vision.
Required:
MS is associated with scattered, patchy demyelinization of the central nervous system (CNS). What does myelin do? What is demyelinization?
Answer:
Myelin sheath:
It is a multilayered lipid and protien covering produced by neuroglia ( Schwann cells in PNS and Oligodendrocytes in CNS). It has following functions:
It acts as an insulator thus restricting impulses within the single nerve fibres.Prevents the stimulation of neighbouring nerve fibers.Increase the speed of impulse conduction through the nerve fibres, the impulses jump from one node to another.It covers the axis cylinder from damaged and suppressed.It provides nutrients to axis cylinder.Demyelination:
Demyelination is defined as the disruption of the myelin sheath. It ma occur in both CNS and ANS. It may be inherited or acquired.
Demyelination occurs in :
Autoimmune diseasesInfectious diseasesToxinsMetabolic processesVascular process.Multiple sclerosisEncephalomyelitisAnswer:
The myelin is the component of the myelin sheath which surrounds the entire length of the axon.it is made up of water, lipid and protein It is rapped in concentric fashion or rings along the length of axon, in a process called myelination or myelinization
its major functions are to protect the axon, to maintain insulation, to speed up the rate of transmission of action potential through salutatory conduction along the nodes of Ranvier of an axon and ultimately to maintain the integrity of the action potential along the axon.
When the myelin of the myelin sheath is damaged or degenerated ( example in the axons of the brain and spinal cord) and replaced with hard patch layer demyelinization occurs. It affect the conducts and transmission of the action potentials and therefore results in loss of motor control as exemplified in the question.
Explanation:
Fungi, like bacteria, help to convert dead plants and animals and their wastes into ammonia (NH3) in the soil. Plants absorb nitrates from the soil to make proteins. This conversion is carried out by bacteria and fungi through the process of
Final answer:
Bacteria and fungi convert organic matter into ammonia through ammonification, which is the first step of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrifying bacteria then transform ammonia into nitrites and nitrates in a process called nitrification. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates back to nitrogen gas through denitrification.
Explanation:
The process by which bacteria and fungi convert dead plants and animals and their wastes into ammonia (NH3) in the soil is known as ammonification. This is one of the several steps in the nitrogen cycle, an essential process in the ecosystem for recycling nitrogen. After ammonification, nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrosomonas convert ammonia to nitrites (NO₂), and then to nitrates (NO₃), in a process called nitrification. Finally, denitrifying bacteria, like Pseudomonas and Clostridium, turn nitrates back into nitrogen gas through denitrification. Plants utilize ammonium and nitrates to produce organic nitrogen, which supports the growth of plants and the animals that consume them.