A biconvex lens with the given parameters is a converging lens. Using the Lens Maker's Equation with the radii of curvature and index of refraction for glass and air, the focal length of the lens is calculated to be approximately 12 cm.
Explanation:A biconvex lens, where both surfaces of the lens bulge outwards, will bend light rays such that they converge at a focal point. With the parameters given (|R1|=10cm, |R2|=15cm, and nglass=1.5), we can deduce that this lens is a converging lens.
Part A: Since a biconvex lens makes parallel rays of light converge at a point after passing through the lens, it is classified as a converging lens.
Part B: To calculate the focal length (f) of the lens, we use the Lens Maker's Equation:
First, we convert the radii of curvature to the appropriate signs as per the lensmaker's convention (positive for convex surfaces when the outside medium is air). R1 = +10cm and R2 = -15cm, since the light exits from the second surface.Next, we plug the values into the equation (1/f) = (nglass - nair) ((1/R1) - (1/R2)) to get the reciprocal of the focal length.Carrying out the calculation with the data given (nglass=1.5, nair=1, R1=+10cm, and R2=-15cm), we get:
(1/f) = (1.5 - 1) ((1/10cm) - (1/(-15cm)))
(1/f) = 0.5 * (0.1cm⁻¹ + 0.0667cm⁻¹)
(1/f) = 0.5 * 0.1667cm⁻¹
(1/f) = 0.08335cm⁻¹
Therefore, the focal length f is the reciprocal of 0.08335cm⁻¹ which is approximately:
f ≈ 12cm
If a farsighted person has a near point that is 0.600 m from the eye, what is the focal length f2 of the contact lenses that the person would need to be able to read a book held at 0.350 m from the person's eyes? Express your answer in meters. View Available Hint(s) f2 = nothing
Answer:
0.84 cm
Explanation:
u = Object distance = 0.35 cm
v = Image distance = -0.6 cm (near point is considered as image distance and negative due to sign convention)
f = Focal length
From lens equation
[tex]\frac{1}{f_2}=\frac{1}{u}+\frac{1}{v}\\\Rightarrow \frac{1}{f_2}=\frac{1}{0.35}+\frac{1}{-0.6}\\\Rightarrow \frac{1}{f_2}=\frac{25}{21}\\\Rightarrow f_2=\frac{21}{25}=0.84\ cm[/tex]
Focal length of the lens is 0.84 cm
A heater 0.015 m in diameter and 0.3 m long is submerged horizontally in oil at 20 oC. To avoid oil fumes, the heater surface should not exceed Ts= 150 oC. Calculate the maximum power that should be supplied to the heater.
Answer:
The maximum power is 23.89 k watt.
Explanation:
Given that,
Diameter = 0.015 m
Long = 0.3 m
Initial temperature = 20°C
Final temperature = 150°C
Suppose the material is copper and here no maintain at time so we assuming heat supplied per unit time
We need to calculate the energy
Using formula of energy
[tex]\Delta Q=mc_{p}\Delta T[/tex]
[tex]\Delta Q=\rho\times V\times c_{p}\times\Delta T[/tex]
[tex]\Delta Q=8960\times\dfrac{\pi}{4}\times(0.015)^2\times0.3\times385\times(423-293)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta Q=23897.6\ J[/tex]
[tex]\Delta Q=23.89\ kJ[/tex]
We need to calculate the power
Using formula of power
[tex]P=\dfrac{\Delta Q}{dt}[/tex]
[tex]P=23.89\ k watt[/tex]
Hence, The maximum power is 23.89 k watt.
Four objects are situated along the y axis as follows: a 1.93-kg object is at +2.91 m, a 2.95-kg object is at +2.43 m, a 2.41-kg object is at the origin, and a 3.99-kg object is at -0.496 m.
Where is the center of mass of these objects?
Answer:
0.958 m
Explanation:
So the total mass of the system is
M = 1.93 + 2.95 + 2.41 + 3.99 = 11.28 kg
let y be the distance from the center of mass to the origin. With the reference to the origin then we have the following equation
[tex]My = m_1y_1 + m_2y_2 +m_3y_3 + m_4y_4[/tex]
[tex]11.28y = 1.93*2.91 + 2.95*2.43 + 2.41*0 + 3.99*(-0.496) = 10.806[/tex]
[tex]y = \frac{10.806}{11.28} = 0.958 m[/tex]
So the center of mass is 0.958 m from the origin
A spherical balloon is made from a material whose mass is 3.30 kg. The thickness of the material is negligible compared to the 1.25 m radius of the balloon. The balloon is filled with helium (He) at a temperature of 345 K and just floats in air, neither rising nor falling. The density of the surrounding air is 1.19 kg/m³ and the molar mass of helium is 4.0026×10-3 kg/mol. Find the absolute pressure of the helium gas.
Answer:
563712.04903 Pa
Explanation:
m = Mass of material = 3.3 kg
r = Radius of sphere = 1.25 m
v = Volume of balloon = [tex]\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3[/tex]
M = Molar mass of helium = [tex]4.0026\times 10^{-3}\ kg/mol[/tex]
[tex]\rho[/tex] = Density of surrounding air = [tex]1.19\ kg/m^3[/tex]
R = Gas constant = 8.314 J/mol K
T = Temperature = 345 K
Weight of balloon + Weight of helium = Weight of air displaced
[tex]mg+m_{He}g=\rho vg\\\Rightarrow m_{He}=\rho vg-m\\\Rightarrow m_{He}=1.19\times \frac{4}{3}\pi 1.25^3-3.3\\\Rightarrow m_{He}=6.4356\ kg[/tex]
Mass of helium is 6.4356 kg
Moles of helium
[tex]n=\frac{m}{M}\\\Rightarrow n=\frac{6.4356}{4.0026\times 10^{-3}}\\\Rightarrow n=1607.85489[/tex]
Ideal gas law
[tex]P=\frac{nRT}{v}\\\Rightarrow P=\frac{1607.85489\times 8.314\times 345}{\frac{4}{3}\pi 1.25^3}\\\Rightarrow P=563712.04903\ Pa[/tex]
The absolute pressure of the Helium gas is 563712.04903 Pa
Final answer:
To find the absolute pressure of helium gas in the balloon, we can use the ideal gas law. Since the thickness of the material is negligible compared to the radius of the balloon, we can consider the balloon as a sphere. Once we have the number of moles, we can substitute the values into the ideal gas law and solve for P, the absolute pressure.
Explanation:
To find the absolute pressure of helium gas in the balloon, we can use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. In this case, we need to solve for P. Since the thickness of the material is negligible compared to the radius of the balloon, we can consider the balloon as a sphere and use the formula for the volume of a sphere: V = (4/3)πr^3, where r is the radius. Given that the radius is 1.25 m and the volume is known, we can calculate the number of moles of helium using the ideal gas law and the molar mass of helium.
Once we have the number of moles, we can substitute the values into the ideal gas law and solve for P, the absolute pressure. Remember to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the given temperature.
A 1.1 kg block is initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface when a horizontal force in the positive direction of an x axis is applied to the block. The force is given by F with arrow(x) = (2.4 − x2)i hat N, where x is in meters and the initial position of the block is x = 0.
(a) What is the kinetic energy of the block as it passes through x = 2.0 m?
(b) What is the maximum kinetic energy of the block between x = 0 and x = 2.0 m?
Answer with Explanation:
Mass of block=1.1 kg
Th force applied on block is given by
F(x)=[tex](2.4-x^2)\hat{i}N[/tex]
Initial position of the block=x=0
Initial velocity of block=[tex]v_i=0[/tex]
a.We have to find the kinetic energy of the block when it passes through x=2.0 m.
Initial kinetic energy=[tex]K_i=\frac{1}{2}mv^2_i=\frac{1}{2}(1.1)(0)=0[/tex]
Work energy theorem:
[tex]K_f-K_i=W[/tex]
Where [tex]K_f=[/tex]Final kinetic energy
[tex]K_i[/tex]=Initial kinetic energy
[tex]W=Total work done[/tex]
Substitute the values then we get
[tex]K_f-0=\int_{0}^{2}F(x)dx[/tex]
Because work done=[tex]Force\times displacement[/tex]
[tex]K_f=\int_{0}^{2}(2.4-x^2)dx[/tex]
[tex]K_f=[2.4x-\frac{x^3}{3}]^{2}_{0}[/tex]
[tex]K_f=2.4(2)-\frac{8}{3}=2.13 J[/tex]
Hence, the kinetic energy of the block as it passes thorough x=2 m=2.13 J
b.Kinetic energy =[tex]K=2.4x-\frac{x^3}{3}[/tex]
When the kinetic energy is maximum then [tex]\frac{dK}{dx}=0[/tex]
[tex]\frac{d(2.4x-\frac{x^3}{3})}{dx}=0[/tex]
[tex]2.4-x^2=0[/tex]
[tex]x^2=2.4[/tex]
[tex]x=\pm\sqrt{2.4}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{d^2K}{dx^2}=-2x[/tex]
Substitute x=[tex]\sqrt{2.4}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{d^2K}{dx^2}=-2\sqrt{2.4}<0[/tex]
Substitute x=[tex]-\sqrt{2.4}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{d^2K}{dx^2}=2\sqrt{2.4}>0[/tex]
Hence, the kinetic energy is maximum at x=[tex]\sqrt{2.4}[/tex]
Again by work energy theorem , the maximum kinetic energy of the block between x=0 and x=2.0 m is given by
[tex]K_f-0=\int_{0}^{\sqrt{2.4}}(2.4-x^2)dx[/tex]
[tex]k_f=[2.4x-\frac{x^3}{3}]^{\sqrt{2.4}}_{0}[/tex]
[tex]K_f=2.4(\sqrt{2.4})-\frac{(\sqrt{2.4})^3}{3}=2.48 J[/tex]
Hence, the maximum energy of the block between x=0 and x=2 m=2.48 J
A 2.15-MHz sound wave travels through a pregnant woman’s abdomen and is reflected from the fetal heart wall of her unborn baby. The heart wall is moving toward the sound receiver as the heart beats. The reflected sound is then mixed with the transmitted sound, and 90 beats per second are detected. The speed of sound in body tissue is 1510 m/s. Calculate the speed of the fetal heart wall at the instant this measurement is made.
Answer:
v= 0.0316 m/s
Explanation:
We need to use the Doppler Effect defined as the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source.
Notation
Let v= magnitude of the heart wall speed
V= speed of sound
fh= the frequency the heart receives (and reflects)
fi= original frequency
ff= reflected frequency
fb= frequency for the beats
Apply the Doppler Effect formula
Since the heart is moving observer then the device is a stationary source, and we have this formula
fh = [(V+ v)/(v)] fi (1)
We can consider the heart as moving source and the device as a stationary observer, and we have this formula
ff = [(V)/(V-v)] fh (2)
The frequency for the beats would be the difference from the original and the reflected frequency
fb = ff -fi (3)
Replacing equations (1) and (2) into equation (3) we have:
[tex] f_b = \frac{V}{V-v} \frac{V+v}{V}f_i - f_i [/tex]
[tex]f_b = f_i ( \frac{V+v}{V-v} -1) [/tex]
fb = fi(V+v -V+v)/(V-v)
[tex] f_b = \frac{2v}{V-v}[/tex]
Solving for v we have:
[tex] v = V (\frac{f_b}{2f_o - f_b}) [/tex]
[tex] v = 1510 m/s (\frac{90 Hz}{2∗2150000Hz - 90 Hz})= 0.0316 m/s [/tex]
The speed of the fetal heart wall at the instant this measurement is made can be calculated using the Doppler shift in frequency. Given the transmitted sound frequency of 2.15 MHz and beat frequency detected as 90 Hz, the speed of the heart wall can be calculated using the provided speed of sound in body tissue. The calculated speed is approximately 0.063 m/s.
Explanation:The question is based on the application of the principle of the Doppler effect in medical physics, specifically radiology. The Doppler effect involves a change in frequency and wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. In the case of ultrasound waves being used to monitor a fetus in the womb, the opening and closing of the heart valves reflect the waves back, and by calculating the shift in frequency (the Doppler shift), we can find out the speed at which the heart wall is moving.
In this particular scenario, two major factors are at play, namely the frequency of the transmitted sound (2.15 MHz), and the beat frequency detected (90 Hz). To calculate the speed of the fetal heart wall at the instant this measurement is made, we use the formula for Doppler shift in frequency: Δf/f=V/Vw, where Δf is the change in frequency (i.e., the beat frequency), V is the velocity of the moving observer (i.e., the fetal heart wall), and Vw is the speed of sound in the medium (body tissue in this case, which is given as 1510 m/s).
So our calculation will be as follows: V=(Δf/f) * Vw. Plugging in our values, V = (90 s-1 / 2.15 x 106 s-1) * 1510 m/s, which yields a value for V, the speed of the fetal heart wall, as approximately 0.063 m/s.
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5. (Serway 9th ed., 7-3) In 1990, Walter Arfeuille of Belgium lifted a 281.5-kg object through a distance of 17.1 cm using only his teeth. (a) How much work was done on the object by Arfeuille in this lift, assuming the object was lifted at constant speed? (b) What total force was exerted on Arfeuille’s teeth during the lift? (Ans. (a) 472 J; (b) 2.76 kN)
Para resolver este problema es necesario aplicar los conceptos de Fuerza, dados en la segunda Ley de Newton y el concepto de Trabajo, como expresión de la fuerza necesaria para realizar una actividad en una distancia determinada.
El trabajo se define como
W = F*d
Where,
F = Force
d = Distance
At the same time we have that the Force by second's Newton law is equal to
F = mg
Where,
m = mass
g = Gravitational acceleration
PART A) Using our values and replacing we have that
[tex]W = F*d\\W = mg*d\\W=281.5*9.8(17.1*10^{-2}\\W = 471.738 J\approx 472J[/tex]
PART B) Using Newton's Second law we have that,
[tex]F = mg \\F= 281.5*9.8\\F= 2758.7 N \approx 2.76kN[/tex]
A string of length L, fixed at both ends, is capable of vibrating at 309 Hz in its first harmonic. However, when a finger is placed at a distance ℓ from one end, the remaining length L − ℓ of the string vibrates in its first harmonic with a frequency of 463 Hz. What is the distance ℓ? Express your answer as a ratio of the length L.
Answer:
i = 0.3326 L
Explanation:
A fixed string at both ends presents a phenomenon of standing waves, two waves with the same frequency that are added together. The expression to describe these waves is
2 L = n λ n = 1, 2, 3…
The first harmonic or leather for n = 1
Wave speed is related to wavelength and frequency
v = λ f
λ = v / f
Let's replace in the first equation
2 L = 1 (v / f₁)
For the shortest length L = L-l
2 (L- l) = 1 (v / f₂)
These two equations form our equation system, let's eliminate v
v = 2L f₁
v = 2 (L-l) f₂
2L f₁ = 2 (L-l) f₂
L- l = L f₁ / f₂
l = L - L f₁ / f₂
l = L (1- f₁ / f₂)
.
Let's calculate
l / L = (1- 309/463)
i / L = 0.3326
7.22 Ignoring reflection at the air–water boundary, if the amplitude of a 1 GHz incident wave in air is 20 V/m at the water surface, at what depth will it be down to 1 μV/m? Water has μr = 1, and at 1 GHz, r = 80 and σ = 1 S/m.
The depth at which the amplitude of the incident wave is down to 1 μV/m in water can be calculated using the equations for wave propagation. At 1 GHz, the skin depth of water is approximately 5 mm. Using the exponential attenuation equation, we can find that the depth is approximately 35.3 mm.
Explanation:To find the depth at which the amplitude of the incident wave is down to 1 μV/m, we can use the equations for wave propagation in a medium.
First, we need to calculate the skin depth (δ) of the water at 1 GHz using the equation:
δ = √(2/πfμσ)
Substituting the given values, we get:
δ = √(2/π * 1 * 10^9 * 4π * 10^-7 * 1) = 0.005 m = 5 mm
Next, we can use the equation for exponential attenuation of the wave:
A = A0 * e^(-x/δ)
Here, A0 is the initial amplitude, A is the amplitude at depth x, and δ is the skin depth. We can rearrange the equation to solve for x:
x = -δ * ln(A/A0)
Substituting the given values, we get:
x = -5 mm * ln(1 * 10^-6/20) ≈ 35.3 mm
Therefore, the depth at which the amplitude of the incident wave is down to 1 μV/m is approximately 35.3 mm.
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The temperature of the Earth's surface is maintained by radiation from the Sun. By making the approximation that the Sun is a black body, but now assuming that the Earth is a grey body with albedo A (this means that it reflects a fraction A of the incident energy), show that the ratio of the Earth's temperature to that of the Sun is given by T_Earth = T_Sun (1 - A)^1/4 Squareroot R_Sun/2d, where R_Sun is the radius of the Sun and the Earth-Sun separation is D.
Answer:
T_t = Ts (1-A[tex])^{1/4}[/tex] √ (Rs/D)
Explanation:
The black body radiation power is given by Stefan's law
P = σ A e T⁴
This power is distributed over a spherical surface, so the intensity of the radiation is
I = P / A
Let's apply these formulas to our case. Let's start by calculating the power emitted by the Sun, which has an emissivity of one (e = 1) black body
P_s = σ A_s 1 T_s⁴
This power is distributed in a given area, the intensity that reaches the earth is
I = P_s / A
A = 4π R²
The distance from the Sun Earth is R = D
I₁ = Ps / 4π D²
I₁ = σ (π R_s²) T_s⁴ / 4π D²
I₁ = σ T_s⁴ R_s² / 4D²
Now let's calculate the power emitted by the earth
P_t = σ A_t (e) T_t⁴
I₂ = P_t / A_t
I₂ = P_t / 4π R_t²2
I₂ = σ (π R_t²) T_t⁴ / 4π R_t²2
I₂ = σ T_t⁴ / 4
The thermal equilibrium occurs when the emission of the earth is equal to the absorbed energy, the radiation affects less the reflected one is equal to the emitted radiation
I₁ - A I₁ = I₂
I₁ (1 - A) = I₂
Let's replace
σ T_s⁴ R_s²/4D² (1-A) = σ T_t⁴ / 4
T_s⁴ R_s² /D² (1-A) = T_t⁴
T_t⁴ = T_s⁴ (1-A) (Rs / D) 2
T_t = Ts (1-A[tex])^{1/4}[/tex] √ (Rs/D)
At 16°C, a rod is exactly 23.59 cm long on a steel ruler. Both the rod and the ruler are placed in an oven at 260°C, where the rod now measures 23.83 cm on the same ruler. What is the coefficient of thermal expansion for the material of which the rod is made? The linear expansion coefficient of steel is 11 x 10-6 /C°.
Answer:
[tex]5.28\times 10^{-5}\ /^{\circ}C[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]L_0[/tex] = Original length of rod
[tex]\alpha[/tex] = Coefficient of linear expansion = [tex]1.62\times 10^{-5}\ /^{\circ}C[/tex]
Initial temperature = 16°C
Final temperature = 260°C
Change in length of a Steel is given by
[tex]\Delta L=\alpha L_0\Delta T\\\Rightarrow \Delta L=11\times 10^{-6}\times 23.83\times (260-16)\\\Rightarrow \Delta L=0.06395972\ cm[/tex]
Change in material rod length will be
[tex]23.83-23.59+0.0639572=0.3039572\ cm[/tex]
The coefficient of thermal expansion is given by
[tex]\alpha=\frac{\Delta L}{L_0\Delta T}\\\Rightarrow \alpha=\frac{0.3039572}{23.59\times (260-16)}\\\Rightarrow \alpha=5.28\times 10^{-5}\ /^{\circ}C[/tex]
The coefficient of thermal expansion for the material is [tex]5.28\times 10^{-5}\ /^{\circ}C[/tex]
Two objects, X and Y, are held at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface and a spring is compressed between them. The mass of X is 2/5 times the mass of Y. Immediately after the spring is released, X has a kinetic energy of 50 J and Y has a kinetic energy of:
Answer:
20J
Explanation:
Using conservation law of momentum;
since the bodies were at rest, their initial momentum is zero
0 = M1Vx + M2Vy
- M1Vx = M2Vy where Vx is the final velocity of x after the spring has been release and Vy is final velocity of y and M1 and M2 are the masses of x and y
also M1 = 2/5 M2
substitute M1 into the the equation above
-2/5 M2Vx = M2Vy
cancel M2 on both side
-2/5Vx = Vy
comparing the kinetic energy of both x and y
for x K.E = 1/2 M1 Vx²
and y K.E = 1/2M2 Vy²
substitute for M1 = 2/5 M2
K.Ex = 1/2 × 2/5 M2 Vx²
divide K.Ex / K.Ey = (1/2 × 2/5 M2 Vx²) / 1/2 M2 Vy²
cancel the common terms
K.Ex / K.Ey = (2/5 Vx²) / Vy²
substitute -2/5Vx for Vy
(2/5 Vx²) / ( -2/5 Vx)² = (2/5 Vx²) / ( 4/25 Vx²)
cancel Vx²
(2/5) / (4/25) = 2/5 ÷ 4/25 = 2/5 × 25/4 = 5/2
the ratio of x and y kinetic energy is 5:2
since the kinetic energy of x is 50
50 : 20 = 5 : 2 if 10 is used to divide both sides
the kinetic energy of y = 20 J
Final answer:
The kinetic energy of object Y is 312.5 J.
Explanation:
The kinetic energy of an object is given by the equation KE = 1/2 mv^2, where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity. Since object X has a kinetic energy of 50 J, we can use this equation to find the velocity of X. Rearranging the equation, we have v = sqrt(2KE/m). Plugging in the values, we get v = sqrt(2*50 / (2/5)m) = sqrt(500/m).
Since object Y has a mass that is 2/5 times the mass of X, its mass is (2/5)m. Therefore, its velocity can be calculated as v = sqrt(500 / (2/5)m) = sqrt(1250/m).
To find the kinetic energy of Y, we use the formula KE = 1/2 mv^2. Plugging in the mass of Y and its velocity, we get KE = 1/2 ((2/5)m) (sqrt(1250/m))^2 = 1/2 (5/10) m (1250/m) = 1/2 * (5/10) * 1250 = 312.5 J.
Two circular plates of radius 9cm are separated in air by 2.0mm, forming a parallel plate capacitor. A battery is connected across the plates. At a particular time, t1, the rate at which the charge is flowing through the battery from one plate to the other is 5A. (a)What is the time rate of change of the electric field between the plates at t1? (b)Compute the displacement current between the plates at t1, and show it is equal to 5A.
Answer:
(a) [tex]2.26\times 10^{13}\ N/C.s[/tex]
(b) 5 A
Solution:
As per the question:
Radius of the circular plate, R = 9 cm = 0.09 m
Distance, d = 2.0 mm = [tex]2.0\times 10^{- 3}\ m[/tex]
At [tex]t_{1}[/tex], current, I = 5 A
Now,
Area, A = [tex]\pi R^{2} = \pi 0.09^{2} = 0.025[/tex]
We know that the capacitance of the parallel plate capacitor, C = [tex]\frac{\epsilon_{o} A}{d}[/tex]
Also,
[tex]q = CV[/tex]
[tex]q = \frac{\epsilon A}{d}V[/tex]
Also,
[tex]V = \frac{E}{d}[/tex]
Now,
(a) The rate of change of electric field:
[tex]\frac{dE}{dt} = \frac{dq}{dt}(\frac{1}{A\epsilon_{o}})[/tex]
where
[tex]I = \frac{dq}{dt} = 5\ A[/tex]
[tex]\frac{dE}{dt} = 5\times (\frac{1}{0.025\times 8.85\times 10^{- 12}}) = 2.26\times 10^{13}\ N/C.s[/tex]
(b) To calculate the displacement current:
[tex]I_{D} = epsilon_{o}\times \frac{d\phi}{dt}[/tex]
where
[tex]\frac{d\phi}{dt}[/tex] = Rate of change of flux
[tex]I_{D} = Aepsilon_{o}\times \frac{dE}{dt}[/tex]
[tex]I_{D} = 0.025\times 8.85\times 10^{- 12}\times 2.26\times 10^{13} = 5\ A[/tex]
The average coefficient of volume expansion for carbon tetrachloride is 5.81 x 10^–4 (°C)–1 . If a 50.0-gal steel container is filled completely with carbon tetrachloride when the temperature is 10.0°C, how much will spill over when the temperature rises to 30.0°C. The coefficient of expansion for steel is11 x 10^-6.
Answer:0.548 gallon
Explanation:
Given
Average coefficient of volume expansion for carbon Tetrachloride [tex]\beta =5.81\times 10^{-4} /^{\circ}C[/tex]
Volume of steel container [tex]V=50 gallon[/tex]
Initial temperature [tex]T_i=10^{\circ}C[/tex]
Final temperature [tex]T_f=30^{\circ}C[/tex]
[tex]\Delta T=20^{\circ}C[/tex]
Coefficient of expansion for steel is [tex]\alpha =11\times 10^{-6}[/tex]
[tex]\beta =3\alpha =3\times 11\times 10^{-6}[/tex]
[tex]\beta =33\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ}C[/tex]
[tex]\Delta V_{spill}=\Delta V_{liquid}-\Delta V_{steel}[/tex]
[tex]\Delta V_{spill}=(\beta _{carbon}-\beta _{steel})V_0(\Delta T)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta V_{spill}=(5.81\times 10^{-4}-33\times 10^{-6})50\times 20[/tex]
[tex]\Delta V_{spill}=0.548\ gallon[/tex]
Approximately 0.04927 gal of carbon tetrachloride will spill over when the temperature rises to 30.0°C inside a 50.0-gal steel container.
Explanation:To calculate how much carbon tetrachloride will spill over when the temperature rises, we need to find the change in volume for the steel container and the carbon tetrachloride. The change in volume can be calculated using the formula:
ΔV = V * β * ΔT
where ΔV is the change in volume, V is the initial volume, β is the coefficient of volume expansion, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Using the given values, the change in volume for the steel container is 0.000605 gal and for the carbon tetrachloride is 0.04927 gal. Therefore, approximately 0.04927 gal of carbon tetrachloride will spill over when the temperature rises to 30.0°C.
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The molecular clouds circling the active nucleus of the galaxy M106 orbit at a speed of about 1000 km/s, with an orbital radius of 0.49 light-year = 4.8×1015 meters. Part A Use the orbital velocity law Mr=r×v2G to calculate the mass of the central black hole. Give your answer in kilograms.
Answer:
The mass of the central black hole is [tex]7.19x10^{37} Kg[/tex]
Explanation:
The Universal law of gravitation shows the interaction of gravity between two bodies:
[tex]F = G\frac{Mm}{r^{2}}[/tex] (1)
Where G is the gravitational constant, M and m are the masses of the two objects and r is the distance between them.
For this particular case M is the mass of the central black hole and m is the mass of the molecular cloud. Since it is a circular motion the centripetal acceleration will be:
[tex]a = \frac{v^{2}}{r}[/tex] (2)
Then Newton's second law ([tex]F = ma[/tex]) will be replaced in equation (1):
[tex]ma = G\frac{Mm}{r^{2}}[/tex]
By replacing (2) in equation (1) it is gotten:
[tex]m\frac{v^{2}}{r} = G\frac{Mm}{r^{2}}[/tex] (3)
Therefore, the mass of the central black hole can be determined if M is isolated from equation (3):
[tex]M = \frac{rv^{2}}{G}[/tex] (4)
Equation 4 it is known as the orbital velocity law.
Where M is the mass of the central black hole, r is the orbital radius, v is the orbital speed and G is the gravitational constant.
Before replacing the orbital speed in equation 4 it is necessary to make the conversion from kilometers to meters:
[tex]1000 \frac{km}{s} x \frac{1000 m}{1 km}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]1000000 m/s[/tex]
Then, equation 4 can be finally used:
[tex]M = \frac{(4.8x10^{15} m)(1000000 m/s)^{2}}{(6.67x10^{-11} N.m^{2}/Kg^{2})}[/tex]
[tex]M = 7.19x10^{37} Kg[/tex]
Hence, the mass of the central black hole is [tex]7.19x10^{37} Kg[/tex]
To calculate the mass of the central black hole, we can use the orbital velocity law, Mr = r×v^2/G. Given the orbital radius and velocity of the molecular clouds, we can plug these values into the equation to find the mass of the black hole.
Explanation:To calculate the mass of the central black hole, we can use the orbital velocity law: Mr=r×v^2/G. In this equation, Mr represents the mass of the black hole, r is the orbital radius, v is the orbital velocity, and G is the gravitational constant. Given that the orbital radius is 0.49 light-years (4.8x10^15 meters) and the orbital velocity is 1000 km/s, we can plug these values into the equation to find the mass of the black hole.
First, let's convert the orbital velocity from km/s to m/s: 1000 km/s = 1000 x 1000 m/s = 1,000,000 m/s. Now, we plug in the values to the equation:
Mr = (4.8x10^15 meters) x (1,000,000 m/s)^2 / (6.67430 × 10^-11 m^3⋅kg^−1⋅s^−2)
Simplifying the expression, we get:
Mr = (4.8x10^15 meters) x (1,000,000 m/s)^2 / (6.67430 × 10^-11) kg
After calculating, the mass of the central black hole is approximately 3.23x10^37 kg.
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A cell composed of a platinum indicator electrode and a silver-silver chloride reference electrode in a solution containing both Fe 2 + and Fe 3 + has a cell potential of 0.693 V. If the silver-silver chloride electrode is replaced with a saturated calomel electrode (SCE), what is the new cell potential?
Answer:
0.639 V
Explanation:
The volatge of the cell containing both Ag/AgCl reference electrode and
[tex]Fe^{2+}/Fe^{3+}[/tex] electrode = 0.693 V
Thus,
[tex]E_{cathod}-E_{anode} =0.693 V[/tex]
E_{anode}=0.197 V
Note: potential of the silver-silver chloride reference electrode (0.197 V)
⇒E_{Cthode}= 0.693+0.197 = 0.890V
To calculate the voltage of the cell containing both the calomel reference
electrode and [tex]Fe^{2+}/Fe^{3+}[/tex] electrode as follows
Voltage of the cell = [tex]E_{cathod}-E_{anode}[/tex]
E_{anode}= calomel electrode= 0.241 V
Voltage of the cell = 0.890-0.241 = 0.639 V
Therefore, the new volatge is = 0.639 V
A discus thrower accelerates a discus from rest to a speed of 25.3 m/s by whirling it through 1.29 rev. Assume the discus moves on the arc of a circle 0.96 m in radius. A discus thrower moving in a circle as he prepares to throw the discus. (a) Calculate the final angular speed of the discus. rad/s
Answer:
ω = 26.35 rad/s
Explanation:
given,
speed of discus thrower = 25.3 m/s
whirling through = 1.29 rev
radius of circular arc = 0.96 m
final angular speed of the discus = ?
using formula
v = ω r
v is the velocity of disk
ω is the angular speed of the discus
r is the radius of arc
[tex]\omega = \dfrac{v}{r}[/tex]
[tex]\omega = \dfrac{25.3}{0.96}[/tex]
ω = 26.35 rad/s
Final angular speed of the discus is equal to ω = 26.35 rad/s
The final angular speed is approximately 26.354 rad/s. To find the final angular speed, we use the relation [tex]\omega = v / r[/tex]. With v = 25.3 m/s and r = 0.96 m.
Calculate the final angular speed (ω) using the linear speed provided. Rotational motion relies on the relationship between linear speed (v) and angular speed (ω), which is expressed as [tex]v = r\cdot \omega[/tex], where r is the circular path radius. Rearranging this equation yields [tex]\omega = v / r[/tex], demonstrating the angular speed's direct and inverse relationship.
[tex]\omega = v / r[/tex]Here, v = 25.3 m/s (final linear speed) and r = 0.96 m (radius of the circle):
[tex]\omega = 25.3\left m/s / 0.96\left m \approx 26.354\left rad/s[/tex]Conclusion:
Thus, the final angular speed of the discus is approximately 26.354 rad/s.
I examine the same second hand on the clock. Again, there are two points called A and B on the clock, with A farther from the center than B. Which of the following is true?
a. Point A has a higher angular acceleration about the center than Point B.
b. Point A has a lower angular acceleration about the center than Point B.
c. The angular acceleration for both points is 0.
d. None of the above.
I examine the same second hand on the clock. Again, there are two points called A and B on the clock, with A farther from the center than B. "The angular acceleration for both points is 0" is true.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The clock is in rotator motion. All the three hands of clock, move in same direction, but different speeds. And hence, we count hours, minutes and seconds. And, when we take each hand, they move related to the centre of the clock, where all the three are attached.
So, there is a centripetal acceleration which depends upon the velocity. But, the motion is uniform everywhere in the circle. The hands have no tangential acceleration. And hence, there is no angular acceleration, which is derived from tangential one. So, at any point, the angular acceleration is zero.
You are trying to determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid. If m is the mass of a solid object, mL is the object's apparent mass in the unknown liquid, and mA is the apparent mass of the object in water, what is the formula for the specific gravity of the liquid?
Final answer:
The specific gravity of a liquid can be calculated using the formula: Specific Gravity = mL / mA. Specific gravity is a dimensionless number used to compare the density of a substance with the density of water.
Explanation:
The specific gravity of a liquid can be calculated using the formula:
Specific Gravity = mL / mA
Here, mL is the apparent mass of the object in the unknown liquid, and mA is the apparent mass of the object in water. Specific gravity is a dimensionless number, so it doesn't have any units. It is used to compare the density of a substance with the density of water, which is 1.0 g/mL.
Moon does not have atmosphere as we have on Earth. On the earth, you can see the ground in someone’s shadow; on the moon, you can’t—the shadow is deep black. Explain the scientific reason behind this difference
One of the scientific characteristics that can make the difference between the Earth and the moon is the so-called Rayleigh dispersion effect. This concept is identified as the dispersion of visible light or any other electromagnetic radiation by particles whose size is much smaller than the wavelength of the dispersed photons. Our atmosphere allows even our 'shadows' to be clear.
On the moon under the absence of the atmosphere or any other mechanism that allows absorbing or failing to re-irradiate sunlight towards the area in its shadows, which makes the shadows on the moon look darker.
Babe Ruth steps to the plate and casually points to left center field to indicate the location of his next home run. The mighty Babe holds his bat across his shoulder, with one hand holding the small end of the bat.
The bat is horizontal, and the distance from the small end of the bat to the shoulder is 23.5 cm.
The bat has a mass of 1.30 kg and has a center of mass that is 70.0 cm from the small end of the bat.(a) Find the magnitude of the force exerted by the hand.(b) Find the direction of the force exerted by the hand.(c) Find the magnitude of the force exerted by the shoulder.(d) Find the direction of the force exerted by the shoulder.
Answer:
a) Fh = 25.23 N
b) The direction of the force exerted by the hand is pointed to the downward (negative) direction.
c) Fs = 37.97 N
d) The direction of the force exerted by the shoulder is pointed to the upward (positive) direction.
Explanation:
Given data
Distance from the small end of the bat to the shoulder: d = 23.5 cm
Distance from the small end of the bat to the center of mass: r = 70.0 cm
Mass of the bat: m = 1.30 Kg
This situation can be seen in the pic.
a) We can apply
∑τA = 0 ⇒ + (23.5cm)*Fh - (70 - 23.5)cm*m*g = 0
⇒ + (23.5cm)*Fh - (70 - 23.5)cm*(1.30 Kg)*(9.8 m/s²) = 0
⇒ Fh = 25.23 N (↓)
b) The direction of the force exerted by the hand is pointed to the downward (negative) direction.
c) We apply
∑Fy = 0 (↑)
⇒ - Fh + Fs - m*g = 0
⇒ Fs = Fh + m*g
⇒ Fs = 25.23 N + (1.30 Kg)*(9.8 m/s²)
⇒ Fs = 37.97 N (↑)
d) The direction of the force exerted by the shoulder is pointed to the upward (positive) direction.
A glass plate (n = 1.60) is covered with a thin, uniform layer of oil (n = 1.29). A light beam of variable wavelength from air is incident normally on the oil surface. Observation of the reflected beam shows constructive interference at 511 nm. Determine the minimum non-zero thickness of the oil film.
Answer:
The thickness of the oil film is 198 nm.
Explanation:
Given that,
Refractive index of glass plate = 1.60
Refractive index of oil = 1.29
Wavelength = 511 nm
We need to calculate the thickness of the oil film
Using formula of path difference
[tex]2nt=k\lambda[/tex]
[tex]t=\dfrac{k\times\lambda}{2n}[/tex]
Where, n = refractive index
t = thickness
[tex]\lambda[/tex] = wavelength
Put the value into the formula
[tex]t=\dfrac{1\times511\times10^{-9}}{2\times1.29}[/tex]
[tex]t=198\times10^{-9}\ m[/tex]
[tex]t= 198\ nm[/tex]
Hence, The thickness of the oil film is 198 nm.
Our two intrepid relacar drivers are named Pam and Ned. We use these names to make it easy to remember: measurements made by Pam are primed (x', t') and those made by Ned are not primed (x, t). v is the velocity of Pam (the other frame of reference) as measured by Ned. What is the interpretation of v'?
There are 4 possible choices for this answer:
a. The velocity of Pam as measured by Ned.
b. The velocity of Pam as measured by Pam.
c. The velocity of Ned as measured by Ned.
d. The velocity of Ned as measured by Pam.
The velocity of Ned as measured by Pam is the interpretation of v.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
According to question, we know that this is an issue depending on the logical and translation of the factors. From the measured information taken what is gathered by the two people is communicated and we have given as:
The Ned reference framework : (x, t)
The Pam reference framework : [tex]\left(x^{\prime}, t^{\prime}\right)[/tex]
From the reference framework, we realize that ν is the speed of Pam (the other reference framework) as estimation by Ned.
At that point, [tex]v^{\prime}[/tex] is the speed of Ned (from the other arrangement of the reference) as estimation by Pam.
In the context of relativity, the velocity denoted by v' represents the velocity of Ned as measured by Pam. Primed quantities typically refer to measurements in the moving reference frame, making option (d) correct.
Explanation:The question is asking about the interpretation of the notation v', which is used in a relativistic physics context. The correct interpretation of v' in the context of relativity would be d. The velocity of Ned as measured by Pam. This is because primed quantities (e.g. x', t', v') typically refer to measurements made in the moving reference frame relative to the unprimed frame. Since Pam's frame is the one moving with velocity v in Ned's frame, v' would be the velocity Ned appears to have when observed from Pam's frame. Accordingly, option (d) is the correct choice.
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The unit of electrical current is the ampere (A).
Which one of the combinations of units below is equivalent to the ampere?
A) C·s
B) C/s
C) N·m/s
D) J·s
E) kg·m²/s
Answer:
option B
Explanation:
Current unit is ampere (A)
Ampere will be equivalent to = ?
we know,
Current can be define as the charge per unit time
[tex]I = \dfrac{Q}{t}[/tex]
unit of charge(Q) is coulomb which is equal to C.
unit of time(t) is equal to 's'.
now,
[tex]I = \dfrac{C}{s}[/tex]
unit of I = C/s
ampere(A) is equivalent to C/s
The correct answer is option B
Final answer:
The unit equivalent to the ampere (A) is C/s (Coulombs per second), making the correct option B) C/s. This illustrates the fundamental relationship between electrical charge, time, and current in physics.
Explanation:
The unit of electrical current is the ampere (A), which is defined as the amount of electrical charge in coulombs that passes through a conductor in one second. The correct unit combination that is equivalent to the ampere is C/s (Coulombs per second). Therefore, the correct option from the given combinations is B) C/s. This unit measures the flow of electrical charge and is a fundamental concept in understanding electric currents and how they are quantified in the International System of Units (SI)
Therefore, as per the above explaination, the correct answer is option C
One way to attack a satellite in Earth orbit is to launch a swarm of pellets in the same orbit as the satellite but in the opposite direction. Suppose a satellite in a circular orbit 810 km above Earth's surface collides with a pellet having mass 3.7 g. (a) What is the kinetic energy of the pellet in the reference frame of the satellite just before the collision? (b) What is the ratio of this kinetic energy to the kinetic energy of a 3.7 g bullet from a modern army rifle with a muzzle speed of 1200 m/s?
Answer:
411087.52089 J
[tex]\frac{K_r}{K_b}=154.31213[/tex]
Explanation:
R = Radius of Earth = 6370000 m
h = Altitude of satellite = 810 km
r = R+h = 63700000+810000 m
m = Mass of bullet = 3.7 g
Velocity of bullet = 1200 m/s
The relative velocity between the pellets and satellite is 2v
Now, the square of velocity is proportional to the kinetic energy
[tex]K\propto v^2[/tex]
[tex]\\\Rightarrow 4K\propto (2v)^2\\\Rightarrow 4K\propto 4v^2[/tex]
Kinetic energy in terms of orbital mechanics is
[tex]K=\frac{GMm}{2r}[/tex]
In this case relative kinetic energy is
[tex]K_r=4\frac{GMm}{2r}\\\Rightarrow K_r=2\frac{6.67\times 10^{-11}\times 5.98\times 10^{24}\times 3.7\times 10^{-3}}{(6370+810)\times 10^3}\\\Rightarrow K_r=411087.52089\ J[/tex]
The relative kinetic energy is 411087.52089 J
The ratio of kinetic energies is given by
[tex]\frac{K_r}{K_b}=\frac{411087.52089}{\frac{1}{2}\times 3.7\times 10^{-3}\times 1200^2}\\\Rightarrow \frac{K_r}{K_b}=154.31213[/tex]
The ratio is [tex]\frac{K_r}{K_b}=154.31213[/tex]
The rear wheels of a truck support 57.0 % of the weight of the truck, while the front wheels support 43.0 % of the weight. The center of gravity of the truck is 1.68 m in front of the rear wheels.
What is the wheelbase of the truck (the distance between the front and rear wheels)? Express your answer with the appropriate units.
To solve the problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to torque, as well as the concepts where the Force is defined as a function of mass and acceleration, which in this case is gravity.
Considering the system in equilibrium, we perform sum of moments in the rear wheel (R2)
[tex]\sum M = 0[/tex]
[tex]F_g*1.68-R_1*d = 0[/tex]
[tex]mg*1.68-R_1*d = 0[/tex]
Another of the parameters given in the problem is that the front wheel supports 43% of the weight, that is
[tex]R1=0.43F_g[/tex]
[tex]R1=0.43mg[/tex]
Replacing, we have to
[tex]mg*1.68 -R_1*d = 0[/tex]
[tex]mg*1.68 -0.43mg*d = 0[/tex]
[tex]mg*1.68 =0.43mg*d[/tex]
[tex]1.68 = 0.43*d[/tex]
[tex]d =3.9m[/tex]
Therefore the wheelbase of the truck is 3.9m between the front and the rear.
With the use of physics principles, the truck's wheelbase, given that the rear wheels support 57.0% of the weight, and this weight acts at the center of gravity 1.68 meters in front of the rear wheels, is found to be 3.90 meters.
Explanation:The question asks for the wheelbase of the truck, which can be solved using physics principles such as torque and equilibrium. The center of gravity is the point where all the weight can be considered to be concentrated for the purpose of calculations. Here, we know that the rear wheels support 57.0% of the weight of the truck, and this weight acts at the center of gravity, which is 1.68 meters in front of the rear wheels. Given that the truck is in equilibrium (i.e., not tipping over), the torques about any point caused by the weight must cancel out. Hence, the total distance from the rear wheels (where the 57% weight acts) to the front wheels (where the 43% weight acts) is (1.68 m * 57.0 / 43.0) m = 2.22 meters. Therefore, the wheelbase of the truck is 1.68 m + 2.22 m = 3.90 meters.
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The aorta carries blood away from the heart at a speed of about 42 cm/s and has a radius of approximately 1.1 cm. The aorta branches eventually into a large number of tiny capillaries that distribute the blood to the various body organs. In a capillary, the blood speed is approximately 0.064 cm/s, and the radius is about 5.5 x 10-4 cm. Treat the blood as an incompressible fluid, and use these data to determine the approximate number of capillaries in the human body.
Answer:
The number of capillaries is
[tex]N=2.625x10^9[/tex] Capillaries
Explanation:
[tex]v_{aorta}=42cm/s[/tex], [tex]r_{aorta}=1.1 cm[/tex], [tex]v_{cap}=0.064cm/s[/tex], [tex]r_{cap}=5.5x10^{4}cm[/tex],
To find the number of capillaries in the human body use the equation:
[tex]N_{cap}=\frac{v_{aorta}*\pi*r_{aorta}^2}{v_{cap}*\pi*r_{cap}^2}[/tex]
So replacing numeric
[tex]N_{cap}=\frac{42cm/s*\pi*(1.1cm)^2}{0.064cm/s*\pi*(5.5x10^{-4}cm)^2}[/tex]
Now we can find the number of capillaries
[tex]N=26250000000[/tex]
[tex]N=2.625x10^9[/tex] Capillaries
A 50-N crate sits on a horizontal floor where the coefficient of static friction between the crate and the floor is 0.50. A 20-N force is applied to the crate acting to the right. What is the resulting static friction force acting on the crate?
a. 20 N to the left.
b. 25 N to the left.
c. 25 N to the right.
d. None of the above; the crate starts to move.
e. 20 N to the right.
Answer:
b. 25 N to the left.
Explanation:
Hi there!
The static friction force is calculated as follows:
Fr = N · μ
Where:
Fr = friction force.
N = normal force.
μ = coefficient of static friction.
If the object is not being accelerated in the vertical direction, the normal force is equal to the weight of crate (with opposite sign). Then:
Fr = 50 N · 0.50
Fr = 25 N
Since the 20-N force is applied to the right of the box, the friction force will be directed to the left because the friction force opposes the displacement. Then, the right answer is "b": 25 N to the left.
The resulting static friction force on the crate will be 20 N to the left, matching the applied force but acting in the opposite direction to prevent the crate from moving.
Explanation:The question is related to static and kinetic friction in physics. A 50-N crate on a horizontal floor has a coefficient of static friction (μs) of 0.50. When a 20-N force is applied, the force of static friction (fs) that acts on the crate in response can be calculated. Since the applied force is less than the maximum possible static friction force (μs × normal force), the static friction will equal the applied force but act in the opposite direction, preventing the crate from moving. Here, the normal force (N) is equal to the weight of the crate because the floor is horizontal and there is no vertical acceleration.
The maximum static friction force would be fs(max) = μs × N = 0.50 × 50 N = 25 N. However, the applied force is only 20 N. Since this is less than the maximum, the actual static frictional force will match the applied force of 20 N, opposing the direction of the applied force, which is to the left. Thus, the correct answer is a. 20 N to the left.
A particle with charge q and kinetic energy KE travels in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude B. If the particle moves in a circular path of radius R, find expressions for its speed v and its mass m. (Use any variable or symbol stated above as necessary.) (a) expression for its speed (Do not use m in your answer.) v = (b) expression for its mass (Do not use v in your answer.) m =
Answer:
a)[tex]v=\dfrac{2.KE}{qBR}[/tex]
b)[tex]m=\dfrac{(qBR)^2}{2.KE}[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that
Charge = q
Magnetic filed = B
Radius = R
We know that kinetic energy KE
[tex]KE=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex] ----------1
m v² = 2 .KE
The magnetic force F = q v B
Radial force
[tex]Fr=\dfrac{1}{R}mv^2[/tex]
For uniform force these two forces should be equal
[tex]q v B=\dfrac{1}{r}mv^2[/tex]
q v B R =m v²
q v B R = 2 .KE
[tex]v=\dfrac{2.KE}{qBR}[/tex]
Now put the velocity v in the equation
[tex]KE=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]
[tex]m=\dfrac{2 .KE}{v^2}[/tex]
[tex]m=\dfrac{2.KE}{\left(\dfrac{2.KE}{qBR}\right)^2}[/tex]
[tex]m=\dfrac{(qBR)^2}{2.KE}[/tex]
Final answer:
To find the speed and mass of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field, we use its uniform circular motion to derive formulas for speed (v = qBR/m) and mass (m = q^2B^2R^2/(2KE)). These expressions help us understand the relationship between the particle's physical properties and its motion within the magnetic field.
Explanation:
To find the expressions for the speed v and mass m of a charged particle moving in a circular path of radius R inside a uniform magnetic field, we utilize the motion equations for a particle undergoing uniform circular motion due to a magnetic force. The magnetic force provides the centripetal force required for this motion and is given by qvB, where q is the charge, v is the velocity, and B is the magnetic field strength. This force is equal to the centripetal force needed for circular motion, which is given by mv2/R.
(a) Rearranging the formula qvB = mv2/R to solve for v, we get:
v = qBR/m
(b) To find the mass m, we use the particle’s kinetic energy KE and the velocity from part (a). Since KE = 1/2 mv2 and the value of v is qBR/m, we can substitute it to get:
m = q2B2R2/(2KE)
The units of these expressions can also be derived to ensure they're correct. Additionally, if we consider changes to the magnetic field's strength or the particle's charge, we can infer how these changes affect the radius R using the derived formulas.
A beam of light traveling in air strikes a glass slab at an angle of incidence less than 90°. After entering the glass slab, what does the beam of light do? (There could be more than one correct choice.)
A. I follows the same path as before it struck the glass.
B. It bends closer to the normal at the point of contact.
C. It follows the normal to the glass slab.
D. It bends away from the normal at the point of contact.
E. It slows down.
Answer:
True A and B
Explanation:
Let's propose the solution of the exercise before seeing the affirmations.
We use the law of refraction
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂. Sin θ₂
Where n₁ and n₂ are the refractive indices of the two means, θ₁ and θ₂ are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively
sin θ₂ = (n1 / n2) sin θ₁
Let's apply this equation to the case presented. The index of refraction and airs is 1 (n1 = 1)
Sin θ₂ = (1 / n2) sin θ₁
the angle θ₂ which is the refracted angle is less than the incident angle
Let's analyze the statements time
A. False. We saw that it deviates
B. True Approaches normal (vertical axis)
C. False It deviates, but it is not parallel to normal
D. False It deviates, but approaching the normal not moving away
E. True. Because its refractive index is higher than air,
When a beam of light with an angle of incidence less than 90° enters a denser medium like a glass slab, it bends closer to the normal, bends away from the normal, and slows down, dependent on the refractive indices of the two media. Here options B, D, and E are correct.
When a beam of light travels from air into a denser medium, such as a glass slab, it undergoes refraction. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another with a different optical density.
The angle of incidence, the angle formed between the incident ray and the normal (a line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence), plays a crucial role in determining the behavior of the refracted light.
These statements are correct. The degree to which the light bends depends on the refractive indices of the two media. In this case, as light enters the glass slab, it slows down due to the higher refractive index of glass compared to air.
The bending of light towards the normal and slowing down are characteristic behaviors of light when it travels from a less dense to a denser medium. Here options B, D, and E are correct.
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