A certain hydrocarbon (a compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen) is 82.66% carbon by mass and has a molar mass of 58.12 g. determine the molecular formula of this hydrocarbon.

Answer:

For 1a: The number of moles of gold are 0.178 moles.

For 1b: There are [tex]1.071\times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms of gold.

For 2: The number of moles of [tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex] are 0.0035 moles.

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the following formula:

[tex]Moles=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]     .....(1)

We are given:

Given mass of Au = 35.12g

Molar mass of Au = 196.97 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of Gold}=\frac{35.12g}{196.97g/mol}=0.178moles[/tex]

Hence, the number of moles of gold are 0.178 moles.

To calculate the number of atoms in 0.178 moles of gold, we follow mole concept.

According to mole concept:

1 mole of an element contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms.

So, 0.178 moles of gold will contain [tex]0.178\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=1.071\times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms.

Hence, there are [tex]1.071\times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms of gold.

We are given:

Given mass of [tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex] = 1.202g

Molar mass of [tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex] = 342 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of }C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}=\frac{1.202g}{342g/mol}=0.0035moles[/tex]

Hence, the number of moles of [tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex] are 0.0035 moles.

The formula for the compound that forms from potassium and chromate is K2CrO4, and the balanced equation for its dissolution in water is K2CrO4(s) → 2K+(aq) + CrO42-(aq) with the solubility product expression as Ksp = [K+]2 × [CrO42-].

The compound that forms from potassium and chromate has the formula K2CrO4. When this compound dissolves in water, it dissociates into ions. The balanced chemical equation representing the dissolution of potassium chromate is:

K2CrO4(s) → 2K+(aq) + CrO42-(aq)

The solubility product expression (Ksp) for this dissolution can be written as follows:

Ksp = [K+]2 × [CrO42-]

The relationship signifies the product of the squared concentration of potassium ions and the concentration of chromate ions is constant at a given temperature. This equilibrium expression is vital in predicting the solubility behavior of the compound in aqueous environments, guiding our understanding of its potential to form precipitates based on ion concentrations in solution.

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In sodium hydride (NaH), the oxidation number of hydrogen is -1, which is an exception to its usual +1 state, as it forms an ionic bond with sodium.

The oxidation number of hydrogen is typically +1, but in compounds known as metal hydrides, such as sodium hydride (NaH), the oxidation number for hydrogen is -1. This is due to hydrogen forming an ionic bond with the metal sodium, resulting in the hydride ion (H-). Since NaH is an ionic compound, we assign sodium (Na) an oxidation number of +1, which is characteristic for metals in Group IA. Consequently, to balance the charge, hydrogen must have an oxidation number of -1 in NaH, making it an exception to the typical +1 oxidation state of hydrogen when covalently bonded to nonmetals.

Microwaves have lower energy than visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared radiation is used by heat-sensitive cameras to detect heat loss, and is also the type of radiation that can be felt as heat by our skin. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths and hence the lowest energy within the electromagnetic spectrum.

The answer to the question 'which of the following types of radiation has less energy than visible light?' is A. microwaves. Microwaves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum with longer wavelengths and thus lower energy than visible light. In contrast, ultraviolet (B), X-rays (C), and gamma rays (D) all have shorter wavelengths and higher energy than visible light. The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from radio waves, which have the longest wavelengths and lowest energy, to gamma rays, which have the shortest wavelengths and highest energy. Microwaves are in between these two extremes but still have lower energy compared to visible light.

Answering question 3, the waves used to show heat loss with heat sensitive cameras are A- Infrared radiation. Infrared waves are emitted as heat by objects and can be detected by thermal cameras to show heat patterns.

For question 4, the rays that can be felt as heat are B- Infrared Radiation. These are the same waves that are commonly used in heat sensing devices and contribute to the natural warmth felt from sunlight.

Question 2 asks about electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths; the answer here is D- radio waves. They are at the opposite end of the spectrum compared to gamma rays, with the lowest frequencies and energy levels.

Answer:

Copper solid plus oxygen gas giving solid cupric oxide

Explanation:

The given reaction is:

[tex]Cu(s) +O2(g)\rightarrow CuO(s)[/tex]

The balanced equation is:

[tex]2Cu(s) +O2(g)\rightarrow 2CuO(s)[/tex]

The formula name of the reactants and products are:

Cu (s) = copper in the solid phase

O2 (g) = oxygen in the gas phase

CuO (s) = copper (II) oxide or cupric oxide

The word equation would be:

Copper solid plus oxygen gas giving solid cupric oxide

Word equations are the representation of the element names in the place of symbols. Copper (s) + Oxygen (g) → Cupric oxide (s) is the word equation for Cu(s) + O₂(g) → CuO(s).

The reaction in which the molecules are added to give one or more compounds and also undergoes increases in oxidation number of the species are called oxidative addition reaction.

The chemical reaction given is,

[tex]\rm Cu (s) + O_{2} (g) \rightarrow CuO(s)[/tex]

The equation can be balanced as:

[tex]\rm 2Cu (s) + O_{2} (g) \rightarrow 2CuO(s)[/tex]

The word or the chemical names of the reactants and products are given as:

Cu (s) = copper (solid phase)

[tex]\rm O_{2} (g)[/tex] = oxygen (gas phase)

CuO (s) = cupric oxide or copper (II) oxide

Inserting the chemical names in the reaction:

[tex]\rm Copper (s)+ Oxygen (g) \rightarrow \rm Cupric\; oxide (s)[/tex]

Therefore, [tex]\rm Copper (s)+ Oxygen (g) \rightarrow \rm Cupric\; oxide (s)[/tex]  is the word equation.

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CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 represents Hexane, a chemical compound in the alkane family, which are hydrocarbons with only single bonds. Hexane has six carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms.

The formula CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 represents a compound called Hexane. It follows a chain structure with six carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms. The prefix 'hex-' denotes six, indicating six carbon atoms, and '-ane' denotes a single bond between the carbon atoms. The molecule is classified as an alkane, a member of a group of hydrocarbons (compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon) in which there are only single bonds. Alkanes are also known as saturated hydrocarbons.

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0.756g

I am assuming that 6.0MHCl is a typo, and that it should be 6.0molL−1HCl , since that makes sense in the equation.

First we have to find the amount of HCl in the solution. We use the formula n=cV where n is the amount of substance in moles, c is the concentration of the solution in moles per liter, and V is the volume of the substance in liters.

n(HCl)=6.0molL−1×0.125L=0.75mol

Then we find out how many moles of hydrogen gas (H2 ) are produced. In the formula we see 2HCl , and H2 . This means there is 1 mole of H2 for every 2 moles of HCl so to find the amount of H2 we use:

n(H2)=12×0.75mol=0.375mol

Now we find the molar mass of the H2 molecules, by adding together the atomic weights of the constituent molecules. In this case: 1.008+1.008=2.016 . Then we use the formula m=nM where m is the mass of the substance in grams, and M is the molar mass of the substance in grams per mole.

m(H2)=0.375mol×2.016gmol−1=0.756g

0.3 liter of the 2.5 M NaOH solution is required to make 1 liter of a 0.75 M NaOH solution.

To find the volume of a NaOH solution needed, we can use the formula:

(M1)(V1) = (M2)(V2)

Where:

Plugging in the given values:

(2.5 M)(V1) = (0.75 M)(1 L)

Solving for V1:

V1 = (0.75 M)(1 L) ÷ (2.5 M) = 0.3 L

Therefore, 0.3 liter of the 2.5 M NaOH solution is required to make 1 liter of a 0.75 M NaOH solution.

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The empirical formula of the given compound is [tex]\boxed{{\text{HgBr}}}[/tex].

The molecular formula of the given compound is [tex]\boxed{{\text{H}}{{\text{g}}_2}{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}_2}}[/tex] .

Further explanation:

Empirical formula:

It is atom’s simplest positive integer ratio in compound. It may or may not be same as that of molecular formula. For example, the empirical formula of sulfur dioxide is [tex]{\text{SO}}[/tex] .

Molecular formula:

It is chemical formula that indicates total number and kinds of atoms in molecule. For example, molecular formula of sulfur dioxide is [tex]{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}[/tex] .

Step 1: Mass of mercury (Hg) is to be calculated. This is done by using equation (1).

Since the given compound consists of only mercury and bromine. So the mass of mercury is calculated as follows:

[tex]{\text{Mass of mercury}}\left({{\text{Hg}}}\right)={\text{Mass of compound}} - {\text{Mass of bromine}}\left({{\text{Br}}}\right)[/tex]

…… (1)

The mass of the compound is 0.389 g.

The mass of bromine is 0.111 g.

Substitute the values in equation (1).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass of mercury}}&={\text{0}}{\text{.389 g}} - {\text{0}}{\text{.111 g}}\\&={\text{0}}{\text{.278 g}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Step 2: The moles of mercury and bromine are to be calculated.

The formula to calculate the moles of mercury is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Moles of Hg}} = \frac{{{\text{Given mass of Hg}}}}{{{\text{Molar mass of Hg}}}}[/tex]                               …… (2)

The given mass of Hg is 0.278 g.

The molar mass of Hg is 200.59 g/mol.

Substitute these values in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Moles of Hg}}&=\left( {{\text{0}}{\text{.278 g}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{1 mol}}}}{{{\text{200}}{\text{.59 g}}}}}\right)\\&=0.0013859\\&\approx{\text{0}}{\text{.001386 mol}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]

The formula to calculate the moles of bromine is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Moles of Br}} = \frac{{{\text{Given mass of Br}}}}{{{\text{Molar mass of Br}}}}[/tex]                           …… (3)

The given mass of Br is 0.111 g.

The molar mass of Br is 79.90 g/mol.

Substitute these values in equation (3).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Moles of Br}}&=\left({{\text{0}}{\text{.111 g}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{1 mol}}}}{{{\text{79}}{\text{.90 g}}}}}\right)\\&= 0.0013892\\&\approx{\text{0}}{\text{.001389 mol}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]

Step 4: The moles of mercury and bromine are to be written with their corresponding subscripts.

So the preliminary formula becomes,

[tex]{\text{Preliminary formula of the compound}}={\text{H}}{{\text{g}}_{0.001386}}{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}_{0.001389}}[/tex]

Step: Each of the subscripts is divided by the smallest subscript to get the empirical formula.

In this case, the smallest one is 0.001386. So the empirical formula of the compound is written as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Empirical formula of the compound}}&={\text{H}}{{\text{g}}_{\frac{{0.001386}}{{0.001386}}}}{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}_{\frac{{0.001389}}{{0.001386}}}}\\&={\text{H}}{{\text{g}}_1}{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}_{1.002}}\\&\approx {\text{HgBr}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore the empirical formula of the compound is [tex]{\mathbf{HgBr}}[/tex] .

Step 6: The empirical formula mass of the compound is to be calculated. This is done by using equation (4).

[tex]{\text{Empirical formula mass of HgBr}}=\left( 1 \right)\left({{\text{Atomic mass of Hg}}}\right) + \left(1\right)\left({{\text{Atomic mass of Br}}}\right)[/tex]

…… (4)

Substitute 200.59 g/mol for the atomic mass of Hg and 79.90 g/mol for the atomic mass of Br in equation (4).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Empirical formula mass of HgBr}}&=\left( 1 \right)\left({{\text{200}}{\text{.59 g/mol}}}\right) + \left( 1 \right)\left( {{\text{79}}{\text{.90 g/mol}}}\right)\\ &= 280.49\;{\text{g/mol}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]

Step 7: The molar mass of the compound is divided by its empirical formula mass to get a whole number. The formula for this is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Whole - number multiple}} = \frac{{{\text{Molar mass of compound}}}}{{{\text{Empirical formula mass}}}}[/tex]                        …… (5)

Substitute 560 g/mol for the molar mass of the compound and 280.49 g/mol for the empirical formula mass of the compound in equation (5).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Whole - number multiple}}& = \frac{{{\text{560 g/mol}}}}{{{\text{280}}{\text{.49 g/mol}}}}\\&= 1.99\\&\approx2\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Step 8: The empirical formula is multiplied by the whole number multiple to get the molecular formula. So the molecular formula of the compound is [tex]{\mathbf{H}}{{\mathbf{g}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{B}}{{\mathbf{r}}_{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex] .

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1. Calculate the moles of ions in the solution: https://brainly.com/question/5950133

2. Calculate the moles of chlorine in 8 moles of carbon tetrachloride: https://brainly.com/question/3064603

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Stoichiometry of formulas and equations

Keywords: empirical formula, Hg, Br, HgBr, Hg2Br2, subscript, moles of Br, moles of Hg, mass of Hg, mass of Br, molecular formula, 2, preliminary formula.

Answer: [tex]C_{3}H_{8} + 5O_{2} \rightarrow 3CO_{2} + 4H_{2}O[/tex] this is an example of a combustion reaction.

Explanation:

A reaction in which a compound reacts with oxygen and results in the formation of carbon dioxide and water is known as combustion reaction.

For example, [tex]C_{3}H_{8} + 5O_{2} \rightarrow 3CO_{2} + 4H_{2}O[/tex] is a combustion reaction.

Also, it is known that combustion reactions are exothermic in nature because heat is released during these reactions.

Explanation:

A molecular compound is a compound in which atoms share electrons with each other and thus, forms covalent bonds. As a result, molecular compounds are covalent compounds.

In the compound [tex]C_{3}H_{8}[/tex], since hydrogen atom has only one electron and carbon atom has 4 electrons in its valence shell. So, in order to completely fill its octet both carbon and hydrogen will share electrons with each other.

Therefore, [tex]C_{3}H_{8}[/tex] is a covalent compound. Hence, it is also a molecular compound.

In [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex], magnesium being a metal has excess of electrons and chlorine being a non-metal has deficiency of electrons. Thus, magnesium donates its two electrons to both the chlorine atoms and forms an ionic bond.

Hence, [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] is an ionic compound. Thus, it is not a molecular compound.

In [tex]OCl_{2}[/tex], both oxygen and chlorine are non-metals. Hence, they have deficiency of electrons. As a result, both oxygen and chlorine will share electrons in order to complete their octet.

So, there will be formation of covalent bonds. Thus, [tex]OCl_{2}[/tex] is a molecular compound.

[tex]Zn(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] is an inorganic compound and dissolves in water to form ions of [tex]Zn^{2+}[/tex] and [tex]NO^{-}_{3}[/tex]. Hence, [tex]Zn(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] is an ionic compound.

Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options, [tex]C_{3}H_{8}[/tex] and [tex]OCl_{2}[/tex] exists as molecules.

Molecular formula, structural formula, and 3D drawing or model can be used to show differences between isomers.

The types of molecular representations that can be used to show differences between isomers are:

If you have 2.00 moles each of two different substances, then they have the same number of particles.

In the International System of Units, Mole is the base unit of the amount of any substance.

If two compounds have the same number of moles, their masses may differ based on the molar masses of the elements.

Both substances have the same number of particles.

Thus, the correct option is B, They have the same number of particles.

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Answer:

The gas pressure is 5.15 atm

Explanation:

Given:

Volume of gas, V = 34.8 L

Moles of gas, n = 7.45 moles

Temperature, T = 19.9 C

To determine:

Pressure, P of the gas

Explanation:

Based on the ideal gas equation:

[tex]PV = nRT[/tex]

where P = pressure, V = volume, n = moles, T = temperature, R = gas constant

[tex]P = \frac{nRT}{V} \\\\P = \frac{7.45\ moles*0.0821\ Latm/mol-K*(19.9+273)\ K}{34.8\ L} =5.15\ atm[/tex]

To calculate the molarity of acetic acid in vinegar, convert the average mass percentage of acetic acid to grams, then convert grams to moles, and finally divide the moles by the volume in liters. The molarity of acetic acid in vinegar is 0.866 M.

To calculate the molarity of acetic acid in vinegar, we need to first convert the average mass percentage of acetic acid to grams. Assuming we have 100g of vinegar, the mass of acetic acid would be 5.2g (5.2% of 100g). Next, we need to convert grams of acetic acid to moles. The molar mass of acetic acid is 60.05 g/mol. Dividing the mass by the molar mass gives us the number of moles. Finally, we can calculate the molarity by dividing the moles by the volume in liters. Since the density of vinegar is given as 1.005 g/mL, we can assume the volume of 100g of vinegar is 100 mL, or 0.1 L.

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The molarity of the acetic acid in the vinegar is 0.871 M, calculated by finding the mass of acetic acid in a certain volume of vinegar and then using that to determine the number of moles of acetic acid and thus the molarity.

To get the molarity (M) of acetic acid in vinegar, we need to first find the mass of acetic acid in a certain volume of vinegar since molarity (M) is defined as moles of solute/liters of solution. The given data implies that 5.2% of the vinegar's mass is due to acetic acid. Hence, given vinegar's density (1.005 g/mL), in 1000 ml (or 1 liter) of vinegar, mass of vinegar = density * volume = 1.005 g/mL * 1000 mL = 1005 g. Given that 5.2% of this mass is acetic acid, mass of acetic acid is 5.2/100 * 1005 = 52.26g.

The molecular mass of acetic acid (CH3COOH) is approximately 60 g/mol. So, the number of moles of acetic acid = mass of acetic acid / molecular mass = 52.26 g / 60 g/mol = 0.871 moles. Therefore, the molarity (M) = moles of solute/liters of solution = 0.871 moles / 1 L = 0.871 M.

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Answer : The number of moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] react will be, 0.453 moles

Solution : Given,

Moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] = 0.3020 moles

The balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]2C_2H_5OH+6O_2\rightarrow 4CO_2+6H_2O[/tex]

From the balanced reaction, we conclude that

As, 4 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] produces form 6 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]

So, 0.3020 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] produces from [tex]\frac{6}{4}\times 0.3020=0.453moles[/tex] of [tex]O_2[/tex]

Therefore, the number of moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] react will be, 0.453 moles

Explanation:

Biocentrism is the thought of considering all the living beings in the bio diversity and the nature to be the main source  and aims at the well being of all as a whole.

         While anthropocentrism or homocentrism or sometimes called as altruistic is the philosophical thought that human beings are the most significant  or important entities in this world and all should strive for the over all development in the interest of the humans.

                Biocentric is more life centered while anthropocentrism is more human centered.

Answer: D. it only partially dissociates in solution.

Explanation:

Strong acid is defined as the acid which completely dissociates when dissolved in water. They have low pH. These releases [tex]H^+[/tex] ions in their aqueous states.

[tex]HNO_3(aq.)\rightarrow H^+(aq.)+NO_3^-(aq.)[/tex]

Weak acid is defined as the acid which does not completely dissociates when dissolved in water. They have high pH. These releases [tex]H^+[/tex] ions in their aqueous states.

[tex]CH_3COOH\rightleftharpoons CH_3COO^-+H^+[/tex]

Thus the correct option is it only partially dissociates in solution.