A crop scientist is conducting research with a drought resistant corn hybrid. She is interested in determining if using fertilizer X will increase plant height. She prepares 20 single acre plots and randomly assigns 10 to have normal soil while the other 10 are planted with fertilizer X. The resulting average height for each group of 10 plots was recorded. Select all that apply.

a. This is best described as an observational study.
b. The response variable is whether or not fertilizer X was used.
c. The explanatory variable is the average height for each group of 10 plots
d. This study is best described as an experiment.
e. The explanatory variable is whether or not fertilizer X was used.
f. The response variable is the average height for each group of 10 plots

Answer:

Just find the distance of the vertices of the quadrilateral ( such as : AB, BC, CD DA )by using distance formula...

Then if opposite sides of quadrilateral is equal then it is rectangle .....

hope you understand...

The question is solved by carefully analyzing the given figures and working step by step to avoid double counting of items. Adding numbers to find total whales and then subtracting or combining them as required gives the specific group numbers.

This question requires calculations around the given number of whales and their specific dislikes. Let's address each part of the question step by step:

A. To find out the total number of whales surveyed, we add all the mentioned whales together, including those with no dislikes.
B. To find out the number of whales disliking at least one thing, we subtract the whales with no dislikes from the total number of whales.
C. To find out the number of whales that dislike Captain Ahab but not giant squids, we need to remove the whales that dislike both these things.
D. To determine the number of whales that dislike either giant squids or pollution, we need to avoid counting the whales that dislike both twice.

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Answer:

You must wait 60 minutes for all three lines to arrive at Union Station at the same time again.

Step-by-step explanation:

The complete question in the attached figure

Step 1

Find the least common multiple (LCM) of the three numbers

List the prime factors of each number

[tex]10=(2)(5)\\12=(2^2)(3)\\15=(3)(5)[/tex]

Multiply each factor the greatest number of times it occurs in any of the numbers to find out the LCM

The LCM is equal to

[tex](2^2)(3)(5)=60[/tex]

therefore

You must wait 60 minutes for all three lines to arrive at Union Station at the same time again.

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

When I am dealing with fractions I put them in money wise so 2 1/4 would be like 2.25 and 3/8 would be like 0.75.

So that means you divide 2.25 by 0.75 and that will give you three.

Therefore Kia can make 3 small bags of candies.

have a nice day

please follow

Answer: 25%

Step-by-step explanation: To write a fraction as a percent, first remember that a percent is a ratio of a number to 100. If we want to write 1/4 as a percent, we need to find a fraction equivalent to 1/4 with a 100 in the denominator. We can do this by setting up a proportion.

[tex]\frac{1}{4}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{n}{100}[/tex]

Now, we can use cross products to find the missing value.

4n = 100

÷4     ÷4    ← divide by 4 on both sides

  n = 25

Therefore, 1/4 is equivalent to 25%.

Answer:

97

Step-by-step explanation:

We are asked to find the size of sample to be 95% confident that the error in psychologist estimate of mean reaction time will not exceed 0.01 seconds.

We will use following formula to solve our given problem.

[tex]n\geq (\frac{z_{\alpha/2}\cdot\sigma}{E})^2[/tex], where,

[tex]\sigma=\text{Standard deviation}=0.05[/tex],

[tex]\alpha=\text{Significance level}=1-0.95=0.05[/tex],

[tex]z_{\alpha/2}=\text{Critical value}=z_{0.025}=1.96[/tex].

[tex]E=\text{Margin of error}[/tex]

[tex]n=\text{Sample size}[/tex]

Substitute given values:

[tex]n\geq (\frac{z_{0.025}\cdot\sigma}{E})^2[/tex]

[tex]n\geq (\frac{1.96\cdot0.05}{0.01})^2[/tex]

[tex]n\geq (\frac{0.098}{0.01})^2[/tex]

[tex]n\geq (9.8)^2[/tex]

[tex]n\geq 96.04[/tex]

Therefore, the sample size must be 97 in order to be 95% confident that the error in his estimate of mean reaction time will not exceed 0.01 seconds.

Answer:

x = 20

y = 110

Step-by-step explanation:

5x + 45 + 3x - 25 = 180

those angles are supplementary (they make a straight angle in segment CD)

Solving that you get:

8x + 20 = 180

8x = 160

x = 20

Evaluating:

5(20) + 45 = 145

3(20) - 25 = 35

2(20) - 5 = 35

Now in segment AB:

y + (2x - 5) + (3x - 25) also sum 180, because they form a straight angle

y + 35 + 35 = 180

y = 110

Answer:

Q(2, 6 )

Step-by-step explanation:

Using the midpoint formula

let the coordinates of Q = (x, y ), then

0.5(x + 10) = 6 ( multiply both sides by 2 )

x + 10 = 12 ( subtract 10 from both sides )

x = 2

and

0.5(y + 6) = 6 ( multiply both sides by 2 )

y + 6 = 12 ( subtract 6 from both sides )

y = 6

Coordinates of Q = (2, 6 )

Answer:

y''=-1.26

Step-by-step explanation:

We are given that [tex]2x^2+y^2=17[/tex]

We have evaluate the second order derivative of y w.r.t. x when x=2 and y=3.

Differentiate w.r.t x

Then , we get

[tex]4x+2yy'=0[/tex]

[tex]2x+yy'=0[/tex]

[tex]yy'=-2x[/tex]

[tex]y'=-\frac{2x}{y}[/tex]

Again differentiate w.r.t.x

Then , we get

[tex]2+(y')^2+yy''=0[/tex] [tex](u\cdot v)'=u'v+v'u)[/tex]

[tex]2+(y')^2+yy''=0[/tex]

Using value of y'

[tex]yy''=-2-(-\frac{2x}{y})^2[/tex]

[tex]y''=-\frac{2+(-\frac{2x}{y})^2}{y}[/tex]

Substitute x=2 and y=3

Then, we get [tex]y''=-\frac{2+(\frac{4}{3})^2}{3}[/tex]

[tex]y''=-\frac{18+16}{9\times 3}=-\frac{34}{27}[/tex]

Hence,y''=-1.26

Answer:

L= z z -$13

Step-by-step explanation:

We will write "L" for Linda and" z z" for Juan.

As linda spent $13 less than Juan, It is that Linda spent $13 less than zz.

We must substract $13 to what zz spent to obtain what Linda spent. That is,

L = zz - $13

The algebraic expression for how much Linda spent is z - 13, where z represents how much Juan spent.

To represent how much Linda spent, we can use the algebraic expression z - 13.

We will write "L" for Linda and" z z" for Juan.

Since Linda spent $13 less than Juan,

we subtract 13 from the amount Juan spent to get the amount Linda spent.

As linda spent $13 less than Juan, It is that Linda spent $13 less than zz.

We must substract $13 to what zz spent to obtain what Linda spent. That is,

L = zz - $13

So the expression for how much Linda spent is z - 13.

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Answer:

YXZ= 56 degrees

Step-by-step explanation:

Add the angles and set them equal to 180. Then solve for x. then Pug it in 2x+28.

Answer: [tex]\angle{YXZ}=56^{\circ}[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Given : ∠WXY and ∠YXZ are supplementary angles.

∠WXY= 8x+12   and   ∠YXZ = 2x+28

We know that the pair of supplementary angles are added up to 180°.

According to the question, we have

[tex]\angle{WXY}+\angle{YXZ}=180^{\circ}\\\\\Rightarrow\ 8x+12+2x+28=180\\\\\Rightarrow\ 10x+40=180\\\\\Rightarrow\ 10x=180-40\\\\\Rightarrow\ 10x=140\\\\\Rightarrow\ x=\dfrac{140}{10}=14[/tex]

Now, [tex]\angle{YXZ}=2(14)+28=56^{\circ}[/tex]

Hence, the measure of  [tex]\angle{YXZ}=56^{\circ}[/tex].

Answer:

Mars: 0.103 *(Real weigh)

Venus: 0.9 * (Real weigh)

Jupiter 2.53 * (Real weigh)

Step-by-step explanation:

The formula is this:

GM/r**2

M= Mass

r = radius

You do not need G for comparing between different masses or planets.

Answer:

The answer to your question is: AC = 20

Step-by-step explanation:

Data

   AB = 2x - 4

   BC = 4x

   AC = 2x + 12

   AC = ?

            AB + BC = AC

        2x - 4 + 4x = 2x + 12

       6x - 4 = 2x + 12

       6x - 2x = 12 + 4

       4x = 16

       x = 16/4

       x = 4

AB = 2(4) - 4 = 8 - 4 = 4

BC = 4(4) = 16

AC = 2(4) + 12 = 8 + 12 = 20

         4 + 16 = 20

         20 = 20

Answer:

[tex]8.53\°[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

we know that

The grade of a road can be thought of as rise/run, and you usually see it as a percentage.

So, a 15% grade is the same as a grade of 15/100; for every 15 units the road goes up vertically, it goes 100 units horizontally

see the attached figure to better understand the problem

Let

[tex]\theta[/tex] -----> angle does the road come up from the ground

The tangent of angle theta is equal to the ratio of the opposite side by the adjacent side

[tex]tan(\theta)=\frac{15}{100}[/tex]

[tex]\theta=tan^{-1}(\frac{15}{100})=8.53\°[/tex]

Answer:

2/3 of the track

Step-by-step explanation:

5/7 • 4/5 is 2/3 so Sarah ran 2/3 around the track.

Answer:

9 cats were fed that evening.

Step-by-step explanation:

6 divided by 2/3 equals 9, so 9 cats were fed that evening.

Hope this helps! ☺

Answer:

There are 9 cats in total

Step-by-step explanation:

Let x be the no. of cats

Each cat received cup of food = [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex]

Caps received by x cats = [tex]\frac{2}{3}x[/tex]

We are given that 6 cups of cat food were shared

So, [tex]\frac{2}{3}x=6[/tex]

[tex]x=\frac{3}{2} \times 6 [/tex]

[tex]x=9 [/tex]

Hence there are 9 cats in total .

Answer:  2.4 miles

Step-by-step explanation: law of cosines

Let's call the distance between Brielle and Eduwa's cottages x. As the angle btw them is 43°, we can use:

x² = 3.5² + 2.8² - 2*3.5*2.8*cos43

x² = 5.755

x = 2.4 miles

Answer:

  see below

Step-by-step explanation:

If (x+5) is a factor of p(x), then the value x=-5 will make that factor be zero. The product p(x) of which it is a part will also be zero, so p(-5) = 0.

Since p(-5) = 0 at x=-5, there will be an x-intercept at x=-5.

Dividing something by a factor of that thing will always give a remainder of zero. So, p(x)/(x+5) has a remainder of 0.

Answer:

The answer to your question is 900 black and white copies

Step-by-step explanation:

Data

9 black and white copies for every 2 colored

printed 200 color copies

black and white copies = ?

Process

                 This is a proportion exercise

                         BW : C ::  bw : c

                          9 : 2 ::  bw : 200

                         bw = 200(9) / 2

                         bw = 1800 / 2

                         bw = 900 copies

Answer:

The answer to your question is: 1 bag of apples cost $6.

Step-by-step explanation:

We need to write an equation:

1 bag of apples + 3 cartons of strawberries = $18

but 1 bag of apples = 1.5 cartons of strawberries

So

1.5 cartons of strawberries + 3 cartons of strawberries = $18

simplify   4.5 cartons of strawberries = 18

                1 carton of strawberries = 18/ 4.5 = 4

finally         1 bag of apples = 1.5 (4) = 6

Answer:

$6.00

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

216

Step-by-step explanation:

72 + (72×2)=

72 + 144 =

216

The coefficient of determination R2 calculated by Microsoft Excel is:

R2=0,974024991

To plot the given data in Excel, follow these steps: Create a scatter plot with temperature on the x-axis and pressure on the y-axis. To calculate R2 in Excel, add a trendline and check the 'Display R-squared value on chart' option.

To plot the given data in Excel, follow these steps:

To calculate the coefficient of determination (R2) in Excel, follow these steps:

The calculated coefficient of determination (R2) will be displayed on the chart.

Explanation:

Given Statement: Gerald bought his first car after saving up $5,000.

The conditional conjunction after identifies the dependent clause, the one corresponding to the "if" statement in a conditional.

Conditional Statement:

If Gerald saved $5000, then he bought his first car.

__

Converse Statement:

If Gerald bought his first car, then he saved $5000.

__

Inverse Statement:

If Gerald did not save $5000, then he did not buy his first car.

__

Contrapositive Statement: (converse of the inverse)

If Gerald did not buy his first car, then he did not save $5000.

__

Biconditional Statement:

If and only if Gerald saved $5000, then he bought his first car.

Answer:

Memory Locations assigned

a) 58 b) 60 c) 52 d) 3  

Step-by-step explanation:

We are given that:

h(k) = k mod 101

To find the memory location, we need to evaluate the modulus value abbreviated as mod, k modulo n, which returns the value of remainder when k is divided by 101.

a) 104578690

104578690 mod 101 = 58

b) 432222187

432222187 mod 101 = 60

c) 372201919

372201919 mod 101 = 52

d) 501338753

501338753 mod 101 = 3

The memory locations assigned by the hashing function h(k) = k mod 101 to the Social Security numbers are: a) 81, b) 14, c) 15, and d) 38.

The hashing function h(k) = k mod 101 assigns memory locations to records based on the modulus operation. To find the memory locations assigned to the Social Security numbers given, we need to calculate the result of k mod 101 for each number.

Therefore, the memory locations assigned to the records are:

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Answer: Hello!

So the list of ingredients in the sauce are:

{onions,​ garlic, carrots,​ broccoli, shrimp,​ mushrooms, zucchini, green​ pepper}

there are 8 possible elements in the sauce, so we need to see the combinations for this elements in the sauce.

let's count!

0 ingredients; there is only one combination with 0 ingredients.

1 ingredient: there are 8 combinations with 1 ingredient, one for each.

2 ingredients: now star playing with combinatorics, so the combinatory between A and B is: [tex]\frac{A!}{B!(A-B)!}[/tex], so for 8 and 2 we get:

[tex]\frac{8!}{2!(6)!} = 8*7/2 = 28[/tex]

3 ingredients: Similar as before; the combinatory for 8 and 3 is: [tex]\frac{8!}{3!*5!} = 8*7 =56[/tex]

4 ingredients: for 8 and 4 we have: [tex]\frac{8!}{4!*4!} = \frac{8*7*6*5}{4*3*2} = 2*7*5 = 70[/tex]

5 ingredients: You can think that now we are counting the combinations of 3 ingredients that we are not using, so the combinations are the same as for 3 ingredients: 56

6 ingredients: Similar as before, here are the combinations of the two ingredients that we are not using: 28

7 ingredients: there are 8 options if we decide to not use only one ingredient.

8 ingredient: there is 1 option in this case, same as the case with no ingredients

And now, we need to add all those combinations:

so C = 1 +8 +  28 + 56+ 70+ 55 + 28 +8 +1 = 512 total combinations.

Through the application of combinations in Probability theory, we can determine that there are 256 potential ways to order pasta with tomato sauce, considering the inclusion or exclusion of eight possible ingredients.

The question pertains to combinations in Probability theory, specifically involving pasta with options to include or exclude eight different sauce ingredients: onions, garlic, carrots, broccoli, shrimp, mushrooms, zucchini, and green pepper. For each ingredient, we have two choices - either to include it or not, giving us 28 options, where 8 is the total number of ingredients.

To calculate the number of combinations, we use the formula for combinations which is 2n, where 'n' is the number of items. In this case, n equals eight as there are eight ingredients. Therefore, plugging into the formula, we get 28 = 256. So, there can be a total of 256 combinations when ordering pasta with tomato sauce considering the options of eight ingredients to include or not.

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Answer:

  x^3 +x +2 +3/(x -1)

Step-by-step explanation:

Synthetic division can be done using a divisor with a power of the variable other than one, but the most straightforward application of it uses a binomial divisor with a variable coefficient of 1. Fortunately the divisor in this problem is the difference of squares, so can be factored into two divisors. We can make use of synthetic division to divide by one of them, then we can use it again with the other divisor.

  = ((x^5 +2x^2 +2x +1)/(x +1)) / (x -1)

  = (x^4 -x^3 +x^2 +x +1)/(x -1)

  = x^3 +x +2 + 3/(x -1)

The remainder from the second division is simplified by the fact that there is no remainder from the first division. If desired, the final remainder can be expressed over the original divisor as (3x +3)/(x^2 -1) by multiplying numerator and denominator by the first divisor, (x+1).

_____

The synthetic division tableaux are attached. First, we divide by (x+1), then that result is divided by (x-1).

We assume you've been shown how this works. If not, there are numerous web sites and videos that can explain better than is possible in this space.

Answer with Step-by-step explanation:

We are given that Events [tex]A_1,A_2 \;and\;A_3[/tex] form a partition of the sample space S .

[tex]P(A_1)=0.3,P(A_2)=0.5,P(A_3)=0.2[/tex]

If E is an event in S

[tex]P(E/A_1)=0.1,P(E/A_2)=0.6,P(E/A_3)=0.8[/tex]

[tex]P(E)=P(A_1)\cdot P(E/A_1)+P(A_2)\cdot P(E/A_2)+P(A_3)\cdot P(E/A_3)[/tex]

Substitute the values then we get

[tex]P(E)=(0.3)(0.1)+(0.5)(0.6)+(0.2)(0.8)=0.03+0.30+0.16=0.49[/tex]

[tex]P(E)=0.49[/tex]

Bayes theorem

[tex]P(E_i/A)=\frac{P(E_i)P(A/E_i)}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}P(E_i)P(A/E_i)}[/tex]

Now, using Bayes theorem

[tex]P(A_1/E)=\frac{P(A_1)\cdot P(E/A_1}{P(A_1)P(E/A_1)+P(A_2)P(E/A_2)+P(A_3)P(E/A_3)}[/tex]

Substitute the values then we get

[tex]P(A_1/E)=\frac{0.3\times 0.1}{(0.1)(0.3)+(0.5)(0.6)+(0.2)(0.8)}=\frac{0.03}{0.49}=\frac{3}{49}[/tex]

[tex]P(A_1/E)=\frac{3}{49}[/tex]

Similarly

[tex]P(A_2/E)=\frac{(0.5)(0.6)}{0.49}=\frac{0.30}{0.49}=\frac{30}{49}[/tex]

[tex]P(A_2/E)=\frac{30}{49}[/tex]

[tex]P(A_3/E)=\frac{(0.2)(0.8)}{0.49}=\frac{0.16}{0.49}=\frac{16}{49}[/tex]

[tex]P(A_3/E)=\frac{16}{49}[/tex]

You can use the Bayes' theorem and the law of total probability with chain rule to find the needed probabilities.

The needed probabilities are:

Suppose that there are two events A and B. Then suppose the conditional probability are:

P(A|B) = probability of occurrence of A given B has already occurred.

P(B|A) = probability of occurrence of B given A has already occurred.

Then, according to Bayes' theorem, we have:

[tex]\rm P(A|B) = \dfrac{P(B|A)P(A)}{P(B)}[/tex]

(assuming the P(B) is not 0)

For two events A and B, by chain rule, we have:

[tex]P(A \cap B) = P(B)P(A|B) = P(A)P(A|B)[/tex]

Suppose that the sample space is divided in n mutual exclusive and exhaustive events tagged as [tex]B_i \: ; i \in \{1,2,3.., n\}[/tex]

Then, suppose there is event A in sample space.

Then probability of A's occurrence can be given as

[tex]P(A) = \sum_{i=1}^n P(A \cap B_i)[/tex]

Using the chain rule, we get

[tex]P(A) = \sum_{i=1}^n P(A \cap B_i) = \sum_{i=1}^n P(A)P(B_i|A) = \sum_{i=1}^nP(B_i)P(A|B_i)[/tex]

Using the above, rules, as we're already given that

[tex]A_1, A_2, A_3[/tex] are forming partition of the sample space (thus they're mutually exclusive and exhaustive events)

Also, its given that

[tex]P(A_1) = 0.3\\P(A_2) = 0.5\\P(A_3) = 0.2[/tex]

[tex]P(E|A_1) = 0.1\\P(E|A_2) = 0.6\\P(E|A_3) = 0.8[/tex]

Thus, by using the chain rule, we get:

[tex]P(E) = \sum_{i=1}^3P(A_i)P(E|A_i) = 0.3 \times 0.1 + 0.5 \times 0.6 + 0.2 \times 0.8 = 0.49\\\\P(E) = 0.49[/tex]

We have:

[tex]P(A_i \cap E) = P(A_i|E)P(E) = P(E|A_i)P(A_i)\\\\\rm P(A_i|E) = \dfrac{P(E|A_i)P(A_i)}{P(E)}[/tex]

Evaluating for i = 1, ,2, 3, we get:

[tex]\rm P(A_i|E) = \dfrac{P(E|A_i)P(A_i)}{P(E)}\\P(A_1|E) = \dfrac{0.1 \times 0.3}{0.49} \approx 0.0612[/tex]

[tex]\rm P(A_i|E) = \dfrac{P(E|A_i)P(A_i)}{P(E)}\\\\P(A_2|E) = \dfrac{0.6 \times 0.5}{0.49} \approx 0.612[/tex]

[tex]\rm P(A_i|E) = \dfrac{P(E|A_i)P(A_i)}{P(E)}\\P(A_3|E) = \dfrac{0.8 \times 0.2}{0.49} \approx 0.327[/tex]

Thus,

The needed probabilities are:

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Answer:

1) His total commission is $1,234.3

2) The purchase of the car is $24,790.

Step-by-step explanation:

1) 21640*0.02= 432.8+ 250= 682.8

15075*0.02= 301.5+ 250= 551.5

682.8+ 551.5= 1,234.3

2) 745.8- 250= 495.8/ 0.02= 24,790

Jack's total commission for selling two cars is $1234.3, and if

c(p) = 745.80, the purchase price of the car is $24,790.

We have,

Let's first find Jack's total commission for selling two cars, one for $15,075 and the other for $21,640.

For the car sold for $15,075:

c(p) = 250 + 0.02p

c(15075) = 250 + 0.02 * 15075

c(15075) = 250 + 301.5

c(15075) = 551.5

So, the commission for the car sold for $15,075 is $551.5.

For the car sold for $21,640:

c(p) = 250 + 0.02p

c(21640) = 250 + 0.02 * 21640

c(21640) = 250 + 432.8

c(21640) = 682.8

So, the commission for the car sold for $21,640 is $682.8.

Now, to find Jack's total commission, simply add the commissions for both cars:

Total Commission = Commission for first car + Commission for second car

Total Commission = $551.5 + $682.8

Total Commission = $1234.3

Jack's total commission for selling two cars is $1234.3.

Next, if c(p) = 745.80, we need to find the purchase price of the car (p). We can use the equation:

c(p) = 250 + 0.02p

Now, set c(p) equal to 745.80 and solve for p:

745.80 = 250 + 0.02p

Subtract 250 from both sides:

745.80 - 250 = 0.02p

495.80 = 0.02p

Now, divide both sides by 0.02 to isolate p:

p = 495.80 / 0.02

p = 24,790

Thus,

Jack's total commission for selling two cars is $1234.3, and if

c(p) = 745.80, the purchase price of the car is $24,790.

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Answer:

C

Step-by-step explanation:

For this problem, the point where the line changes its slope is the focus point. The trick for this is to find the x point for the point. You have to look at he absolute value parenthesis, for this just put the opposite negative value of the number being added or subtracted inside the parenthesis. The "b" (y=mx+b) for the equation, isn't changed at all, so -2 would be the y value.

By using sample space we can say that complement of 4 heads in the toss of 4 coins is at least one tail .

set of all possible outcomes experiment is called sample space .

To find compliment of 4 heads we will first find sample space Sample space= S

= { HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, THTT TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT }

Given case is 4 heads Say A= { HHHH}

Now we can calculate A complement as

A' = S-A

= { HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, THTT TTHH, TTHT, TTTH,TTTT }- { HHHH}A'={ HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, THTT TTHH, TTHT, TTTH,TTTT }

By using sample space we can say that complement of 4 heads in the toss of 4 coins is at least one tail .

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The complement of 4 heads in the toss of 4 coins is 'at least one tail', which includes any outcome where at least one coin lands on tails, encompassing all possibilities except for the exact outcome of 4 heads.

The student is asking about the concept of the complement in probability when flipping coins. Specifically, the complement of getting four heads in the flip of four coins. In probability, the complement of an event is all the possible outcomes that are not part of the event itself. In the case of flipping four coins, the event of getting four heads (HHHH) has a complement that consists of any outcome that does not have four heads. That includes outcomes with at least one tail.

Therefore, the complement of getting four heads is at least one tail, meaning any outcome where at least one coin lands on tails. All the outcomes with 0 heads and 4 tails, 1 head and 3 tails, 2 heads and 2 tails, or 3 heads and 1 tail would be part of this complement.

Since the question refers to the flip of four coins, only the following outcomes (macrostates) are possible: 0 heads (all tails), 1 head, 2 heads, 3 heads, or 4 heads (all heads). The complement of '4 heads' would comprise all outcomes except for '4 heads', reaffirming that the correct answer is at least one tail.