A gardener accidentally trims the leaves of a green plant too short. The
leaves are now much smaller. He notices that the plant grows more slowly
than it used to. Which sentence best explains why the plant grows more
slowly?
O
A. The plant has less chlorophyll to produce energy.
B. The plant has more chloroplasts in its cells.
O
C. The plant now gets too much sunlight to be healthy.
D. The plant has too many thylakoids in its cells.
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer 1

The reduction in leaf size means less chlorophyll is available for photosynthesis, leading to slowed growth in the plant since it cannot produce energy as efficiently.

The plant grows more slowly because it has less chlorophyll to produce energy. Chlorophyll is crucial in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. With the leaves trimmed too short and their size reduced, there is a smaller surface area for the chlorophyll to absorb sunlight and produce the necessary energy for growth.

Hence, the reduction in the rate of photosynthesis ultimately leads to slower growth of the plant. This is well-known among horticulturists and is a key principle in plant biology.


Related Questions

Sliver
Protons 47
Neutron 61
Electrons 47

How many total particles are in the nucleus of a silver atom

Answers

Answer:  Structure of the Silver Atom. The silver atom has 5 electron orbits (energy levels) with a total of 47 electrons. Beginning with the orbit closest to the nucleus and working outward, the number of electrons per orbit should be: 2, 8, 18, 18, 1. Of course, the nucleus contains 47 protons and 61 neutrons.

Jordan is an animal lover and wants to protect animal species and their habitats. A career in which field would allow him to do so? A. research B. wildlife conservation C. education D. pathology

vet science

Answers

Answer:

B. wildlife conservation

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer you are looking for is B, wildlife conservation. This is because you can eliminate research and education because both of those answers don't do much in protecting animal species. You can also eliminate Pathology since Pathology for animal injuries.

Explanation:

Identify the the correct base pair
AT
CA
AG
GT

Answers

AT would be correct, since adenine and thymine go together in DNA. A helpful way to remember is by memorizing the sequence “ATGC”. A goes with T, G goes with C.

Final answer:

The correct base pair is AT (adenine-thymine), as per DNA base pairing rules where A pairs with T, and C with G.

Explanation:

The correct base pair among the given options is AT (adenine-thymine). In DNA, the nucleotide bases pair up with each other following specific rules: adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). This is known as the base-pair rule, a fundamental principle in the structure of DNA. These base pairing rules are crucial for the conservation of the genetic information during cell division and replication processes.

Which organelle is present in the cells of a mouse but not
present in the cells of a bean plant?
A.
cell wall
B.
chloroplast
C. cell membrane
D.
centriole

Answers

Answer:

D) centriole

Explanation:

nave a good day {:

Final answer:

The organelle present in mouse cells but absent in bean plant cells is the centriole. This is because centrioles are usually found in animal cells and have a primary role in cell division. Plant cells typically lack these organelles and use different mechanisms for cell division.

Explanation:

The organelle that is present in the cells of a mouse but not present in the cells of a bean plant is the centriole. Centrioles are cellular structures involved predominantly in cell division processes like mitosis and meiosis, and are typically found in animal cells. Plant cells, such as those in a bean plant, commonly lack these organelles because they have other mechanisms to handle cell division.

All cells, whether they are plant or animal, have a cell membrane. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells for photosynthesis but are absent in animal cells. A cell wall is a characteristic organelle of plant cells, and is not found in animal cells. Therefore, answer option D, centriole, is the correct answer.

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Which statement correctly compares nucleic acids and carbohydrates? A)They both contain phosphorus, but only nucleic acids contain hydrogen.B) They both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. C)They both contain carbon, but only carbohydrates contain oxygen.D) They both contain carbon, but only nucleic acids contain phosphorous

Answers

Answer:

D)They both contain carbon, but only nucleic acids contain phosphorous.

Answer:

it is D)

Explanation:

How is thermal energy transferred from earths core

Answers

Answer:

Heat from the Earth's core and radiation from the Sun is transferred to the surface of the Earth by conduction. Contact of the atmosphere with these warm surfaces transfers thermal energy, which then heats up the rest of the air through convection

Answer:

It is transferred to the surface of earth by conduction.

Explanation:

What is the role of stomata in photosynthesis

Answers

It is because of Stomata that carbon dioxide that enters into the leaves through the stomata.

(Hope this helps

In order to be considered work, the components that must be present are (2 points)

Answers

Again, what’s the question? It’s it’s a T or F question the answer is T

what is the cemical equation for photosynthesis ​

Answers

C6H12O6 is the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

Happy to help!

Answer: 6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide + water + energy from light produces glucose and oxygen.

I hope this helps you. If not, so sorry!

Describe at least three of the water cycle processes you have learned about in the course

Answers

Answer:

Evaporation: Water evaporates from the ocean, from the earth's surface and also by organisms, in the phenomenon of perspiration in plants and sweating in animals. Living things, especially plants.

Condensation: Water in the form of steam rises and condenses forming clouds, formed drops of water.

Precipitation: It occurs when the drops of water, which form the clouds, cool, accelerating the condensation and joining the drops of water to form larger drops that eventually precipitate to the earth's surface. Precipitation can be snow or hail or rain

Explanation:

Answer:

Through the hydrologic cycle.

Explanation:

Water moves through the hydrologic cycle in three forms: solid, liquid or gas. When the sun shines on the Earth and it’s bodies of water during the day, a process called convection causes some liquid water to evaporate into the air in the gaseous state called vapor, binding with dust particles in the air to form clouds. When the water vapor in the atmosphere reaches the point of saturation, the air cools, water condenses back into a liquid and falls down to Earth in the form of precipitation. Approximately 10% of the water from precipitation is absorbed by plants. The rest of it either collects in oceans, lakes and rivers by runoff or it percolates through many layers of sand and rock underground in the earth’s surface, until it slowly makes its way into larger bodies of water by gravity. Plants use the water they absorb for photosynthesis. Humans, animals and insects absorb some of that water when they eat plants. In the heat of the sun, water once again gets from lakes and oceans back to atmosphere by evaporation, and the hydrologic cycle repeats again by water falling as precipitation.

Which organelles are replicated during G1 phase, and which during G2?

Some sources state that, depending on the organelle, both phases include organelle replication.​

Answers

Answer:

G1 involves cell growth an protein synthesis, G2 involvesfurther growth and protein synthesis

Final answer:

In the G1 phase, cells grow and begin the process of organelle replication while in the G2 phase, cells continue to grow, replicate some organelles, and prepare for mitosis by synthesizing proteins and providing resources for the mitotic spindle.

Explanation:

The G1 phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is characterized by cell growth, where the cell increases in size and organelles begin to replicate in preparation for cell division. This phase involves routine metabolic processes and making proteins needed for DNA replication.

During the G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and makes further preparations for mitosis. It is during this phase that the cell replenishes its energy stores, synthesizes proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation, and duplicates some of its organelles. The cytoskeleton is also dismantled to provide resources for the mitotic spindle. This phase ensures that the cell's machinery is ready for the subsequent mitotic phase where the nucleus and the cytoplasm will be divided during mitosis and cytokinesis.

Which goes in which plz help me 20 points and brainliest.and a photo of my dog

Answers

Answer:

cute dog!!!

Explanation:

i'll do my best....

                                 CAUSE                                             EFFECT

                           sudden decrease in                             decrease in

                           clown fish population                    anemone population

____________________________________________________________

                     sudden decrease in                  sudden increase in chipping                

                   giant Triton population                        sparrow population    

____________________________________________________________

                 sudden increase in  hermit                     sudden decrease in

                           crab population                            clown fish population

When a sea urchin egg is removed from the
ocean and placed in freshwater, the egg
swells and bursts. Which of these causes
water to enter the egg?
A) Coagulation
B) Sodium pump
C) Active transport
D) Osmosis

Answers

Answer:

Osmosis is always responsible for water crossing a membrane

Explanation:

What causes water to enter the egg and cause the egg to swell and burst is osmosis. Option D is correct.

Osmosis is a process that happens when the concentration of solute in one place is higher than in the other, this causes water to move towards the place with the higher concentration of solute in order to dissolve it. In this case. the situation would be:

The sea urchin egg is in the oceanThe ocean is salt water, so the egg contains water with salt in it (salt is a solute)The egg is placed in freshwater (meaning this water does not have salt)Because the water on the outside of the egg has no salt, the concentration of solute in the egg (salt), causes Osmosis to occur. Through Osmosis, water enters the egg until it swells and then bursts.

Therefore, because the egg has more solute, Osmosis causes the water to enter the egg until it bursts.

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Which statement describe how starts are born

Answers

Answer:

A star is born when atoms of light elements are squeezed under enough pressure for their nuclei to undergo fusion

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

just adding on the other statement above....... All stars are the result of a balance of forces: the force of gravity compresses atoms in interstellar gas until the fusion reactions begin.

when molecules are even throughout a space,it is called​

Answers

Answer:

Equilibrium

Explanation:

When the system is in equilibrium, this means there is no further change in the system because the opposing forces (forward & reverse), such as those in diffusion, are at balance and therefore there seems to be stability. Usually this is when the system is at its highest entropy of lowest Gibbs free energy.

It is possible to calculate the equilibrium constant of a reaction aA+bB⇋cC+dD

Kc = ([C]^c*[D]^d) /( [A]^a*[B]^b)

The term used to describe when molecules are even throughout a space is equilibrium.

When molecules are evenly distributed throughout a space, it is called equilibrium. In chemistry, equilibrium refers to a state where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in a constant concentration of molecules in the system.

For example, consider a container divided into two compartments by a permeable barrier. Initially, molecules on one side may be more concentrated, but over time, they will diffuse and spread equally in both compartments, leading to equilibrium.

This concept is significant in many chemical processes, such as the reaction rates, solubility, and phase changes.

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Excretion is best described as the removal of
1
metabolic wastes from a cell
2.
toxic wastes by the process of cyclosis
w
water molecules from dipeptide hydrolysis
undigested material from the digestive tract

Answers

Answer:

Answer is B: The Removal Of Metabolic Wastes From Cell

Explanation:

Excretion is best described as the removal of metabolic wastes from cells

Final answer:

Excretion refers to the process by which metabolic wastes are removed from a cell or an organism. This can include undigested material from the digestive tract. It does not include processes such as cyclosis or dipeptide hydrolysis.

Explanation:

Excretion is best described as the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated from an organism. In simpler terms, excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from a cell. These wastes could be products of cellular metabolism like carbon dioxide or urea. It can also pertain to the removal of undigested material from the digestive tract, like fiber that our body cannot digest.

However, it does not refer to the removal of toxic wastes by the process of cyclosis, or the removal of water molecules from dipeptide hydrolysis, as these processes are more specific and separate from the general process of excretion.


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What is the purpose of Mitosis In single-celled organisms

Answers

Answer:

Unicellular organisms would divide as a means of reproduction. Generally unicellular organisms are some form of prokaryote in which case they wouldn't/can't preform mitosis but instead they would undergo binary fission.

Which components of a virus is lacking a cell

Answers

Answer:

protein capsid

Explanation:

virus is a disease causing agent containing a protein capsid which is made up of protein called Capsomere. The capsid contain the genetic information or material of virus.

Virus which do not contain envelop is called naked virus.

the uses of capside are to protect the genetic material, transfer the genome and interaction with host cell.

The density of gas particles in a section of Earth’s atmosphere decreases. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this event? The air pressure in that section of Earth’s atmosphere decreased. The air pressure in that section of Earth’s atmosphere increased. The total number of gas particles in Earth’s atmosphere decreased. The total number of gas particles in Earth’s atmos

Answers

Answer:

A. The air pressure in that section of Earth’s atmosphere decreased.

Explanation:

In the free air, the density of the air diminishes as the air is warmed. On increasing the pressure, the density also increases. The air is packed. The density increments as pressure increments.

The thickness and density of air decline with the increase of height because of that the surface area of the Earth's climate diminishes with increase in height, along these lines gas particles can spread out.

The density of the air is most minimal at a high rise on a hot day when the pressure of the atmosphere is low.

Which statement best explains why electrical signals in the body are often based on
ions?
Olons contain a single atom.
Olonic bonds are very strong.
lons can gain electrons.
Olons are charged particles.

Answers

Answer:

Ions are charged particles, that explains why they have either a positive or negative charge. Since electrical signals contain charges, that also explains why they are often based on ions. Your answer would be D

Answer:

lons are charged particles is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Electrical signals in the body are usually based on ions because ions are charged particles.

They produce an electrical gradient, therefore electrical signals are transferred.

The electrical signals in the neuron occur because ions flow over the neuronal layer as the Ions are the electrically charged particles.

The body requires ions to transmit the electrical impulse along the nerves.

What Made Albert Einstein Smart

Answers

Answer:

he was considered a genius because of his helpful contribution I science and math

Final answer:

Albert Einstein's intelligence stemmed from his deep curiosity, rigorous thought experiments, and the ability to challenge existing norms, which led him to revolutionize physics with his theory of relativity.

Explanation:

What made Albert Einstein smart is a question that delves into various facets of his personality, his intellectual curiosity, and his approach to scientific inquiry. Einstein, renowned for his theory of relativity and as a symbol of high intellect, attributed his success not just to his intelligence but also to his persistent curiosity and the ability to question the obvious. Albert Einstein was not content with accepted norms and displayed an unparalleled dedication to understanding the mysteries of the universe.

From a young age, Einstein showed a proclivity for clear thinking and thought experiments ('Gedankenexperiment'), a method he employed to conceptualize and solve complex problems before they could be tested experimentally. His ingenious use of deductive reasoning and intuitive insight, coupled with his deep knowledge and experience, allowed him to challenge and eventually revolutionize modern physics with his theory of relativity.

Einstein's intellectual journey highlights the importance of not just raw intelligence, but a relentless pursuit of knowledge, a robust imagination, and a fearless approach to challenging the status quo. His legacy teaches us that brilliance is as much about the questions we dare to ask as it is about the answers we discover.

A particular ant species has four pairs of chromosomes. Identify the genetic possibilities from independent assortment of a gamete.

Answers

Answer:

Here, no of pairs of chromosomes in ant = 4.  

Now during the gametogenesis, each pair of chromosome will get separated in one gamete each.  

So, number of unpaired chromosomes = 4 unpaired chromosomes.  

The gametes are now haploid, i.e. Without paired chromosomes.  

Now, only 1 of the one pair of chromosomes will be carried inside a gamete,

Lets assume, the gene present in the cell chromosomes is heterozygote  

So,  there will be 2 possibilities.  

So, their probability will result as [tex]=2\times2= 4[/tex]possibilities.

Then for 4 chromosomes would be [tex]4^4=256[/tex] chromosomes.

Answer:

The total number of possibilities for four chromosomes would be 4^4 = 256 possibilities in the gamete or offspring.

Explanation:

Given,

Organism – Ant species

Number of chromosomes = 4 pairs

Genetic possibility due to independent assortment = ?

Solution:

During the gamete formation, only one chromosome from a pair foes to the gamete as meiosis occurs. Therefore, the gamete will have only 4 chromosomes instead of 4 pairs. The gamete can get any of the two chromosome from a pair and thus, it has 2X2 = 4 possibilities.

Therefore, total number of possibilities for four chromosomes would be 4^4 = 256 possibilities in the gamete or offspring.

When the outer electron shell is full in an element, this creates a __________ ___________

Answers

Answer:

When the outer electron shell is full in an element, this creates a Noble gas.

Explanation:

Noble gases are the elements that belong to group 18 in the periodic table.  Noble gases are also called as inert gases. The outermost shell of the noble gases are fully filled by electrons. Due to this the noble gases don’t react with any other elements and remain isolated.

There are 6 noble gases in the periodic table. They are helium (He), Argon (Ar), Neon (Ne) Krypton (Kr), Radon (Rn) and Xenon (Xe). Noble gases conduct electricity. They are fluorescent, odorless and colorless. Noble gases are used a maintain stable elements in a constant and safe environment.

The pollen from one specific plant species can fertilize all different types of plants true or false

Answers

Answer:

This is true.

Explanation:

The pollen from one plant can fertilize a different type of plant, this is called cross-fertilization. This will cause a combination of both plants to be created.

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of all
living organisms?
a) able to reproduce
c) able to grow
b) able to think
d) able to metabolize​

Answers

B. Able to think...... Because the living organism don't think
Able to think because a plant is a living organism but it cannot think

What is vegetative propagation?

Answers

Answer:

A type of asexual (only 1 organism needed in the process, only 1 parent) reproduction found in plants.

Explanation:

Vegetative propagation consists in the sharing of a stalk/root/other to form a new plant. So basically what happens is that a stalk/root/other from a parent plant is "left apart" so that a new organism can rise from it.

Some plants have parts that are used exclusively during vegetative propagation.

Hope it helped,

BiologiaMagister

Image: Agri Farming

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

regeneration of new plant from the vegetative part or organ of the parent plant is called vegetative propagation vegetative propagation is useful to spread the plant in wider reason once a mother plant gets favourable condition it is then colonized to the reason of by vegetative propagation the offspring obtained by vegetative propagation are adapted to those condition to mother plant

NATURAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

BY ROOT

the intact root of several Woody plants such as it see which grow just below the soil produce but shoot just below the soil produce Adventist but should develop from these but which give rise to new plant

BY STEM

stamp is time is the source of natural vegetative reproduction and propagation in several plant several modification are found in system to perform vegetative propagation

runner offset stolon

BY LEAVES

plant develop budon their leaves these but after separating from Mother plant give rise to new plant a plant let's are produced on the margin of leave begonia is example

BY BULBILS

they are fleshy Birds which are produced in the axills of the leaves in the auxiliary Bud

ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

GRAFTING

adopting is the most common method of vegetative propagation in this matter variety of same is spice can be converted into plant of superior Variety in the technique that tricks of to plant our joints that you ate that grow portion of one plant stock is each joint another plant called scion

BUDDING

it is the modern method of plant propagation in this method modification of grafting but of plant is Variety is grafted on the stem of plant variety after making an oblique cut

LAYERING

the method of inductor root formation the branches while they are still attached to the mother plant is called layering

What bone creates prominence of cheek inferior and lateral to the eye?

Answers

Answer:

There are fourteen facial bones in total out of which zygomatic bone is the facial bone that creates prominence of the cheek inferior and lateral to the eye.

Explanation:

Zygomatic bone is said to be as the cheek bone which is paired and irregular in shape. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal (to meet zygomatic process), sphenoid as well as the frontal bone of the face. It also forms the lower and lateral part of orbital margin. The maxilla and the mandible forms the upper and lower jaw.

Final answer:

The bone that creates the prominence of the cheek, positioned inferior and lateral to the eye, is the Zygomatic Bone. It provides an attachment site for facial muscles and helps form the structure of the face.

Explanation:

The bone that creates the prominence of the cheek inferior and lateral to the eye is known as the Zygomatic Bone. This bone helps form the structure of your face and gives shape to your cheeks. The prominence of this bone can particularly be felt when you touch the part of your face directly below and to the side of your eye.

It's important for facial muscles to have an attachment site, and for the zygomatic bone it serves as an attachment for several muscles involved in facial expression and mastication (chewing). The Zygomatic bone plays an important role in our anatomy of the face.

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the average of 65.4, 65.3, 65.5​

Answers

Answer:

65.4

Explanation:

To find the average, add all the values together and divide by the number of values (3)

[tex] \frac{65.4 + 65.3 + 65.5}{3} [/tex]

average = 65.4

Add them all up
Divide by how many there are
Equals : 65.4

in the image below, what molecule is being released by cellular respiration and used in photosynthesis ​

Answers

Answer:

the answer is B

Explanation:

plants need carbon dioxide to be able to produce anything

The molecule released by cellular respiration is carbon dioxide.

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process through which plants use daylight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy inside the shape of sugar.

photosynthesis is the method via which green flora and certain different organisms rework light electricity into chemical strength. during photosynthesis in green vegetation, light electricity is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and power-rich organic compounds.

Photosynthesis is arguably the most vital biological method on the planet. by way of liberating oxygen and eating carbon dioxide, it has converted the arena into the hospitable environment we recognize today.

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What is a hypothesis?
A. A conclusion that you make about an experiment
O
B. The way an experiment is performed
C. The technology used in an experiment
O
D. An educated guess of the answer to a question

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

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To help legitimize his rule, Tsar Ivan III claimed that Russia was the "Third Rome." Historically, this claim was reasonable becauseA)he had been born in Florence, Italy.B)he had defeated the Byzantine Empire.C)his wife was the niece of the last emperor of the Byzantine Empire.D)he ruled over an empire the size of the Roman and Byzantine Empires. What is the state of an object being acted upon by an unbalanced force? A. at rest B. zero speed C. in motion with a constant velocity D. accelerated E. any of these Archaea have cell walls made of peptidoglycan. a. Trueb. False Jonah lives in Los Angeles and Ryan lives in a rural part of California. Which of these boys is statistically more likely to develop conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder? For a math project you need to complete 4 math worksheets in 5 days each worksheet contains 15 problems evaluate the expression 4 times 5+15 divide by 5 to find how many problems you need to complete each day PLEASE SOMEONE HELP ASAP!! 8. The art department at a school sold 323 ticketsto an art show, for a total of $790. Students paid$2 for tickets, and non-students paid $3.50. Theprincipal asked how many non-studentsattended the art show.a) Write a system of two linear equationsfor this situation.b) Solve the problem by graphing the system. - Varun drove to work this morning. It tookhim 15 minutes. He stopped at a trafficlight for 3 minutes after driving for5 minutes. Sketch a graph to representthe distance from Varun's house duringhis drive to work. The correct sequence,from the mostinclusive to the least inclusive, of the taxonomiclevels listedhere isfamily, phylum,class, kingdom, order, species, andgenus.kingdom, phylum,class, order, family, genus, andspecies.kingdom, phylum,order, class, family, genus, andspecies.phylum, kingdom,order, class, species, family, andgenus. Write a function named delete Letter that has 2 parameters. The first parameter is a string, the second parameter is an integer. The function removes the character located at the position specified by the integer parameter from the string. For example, if the function is being called with the following statement: deleteLetter ("timetable", 3); the string will become "tietable", where the third character, 'm' has been removed. PLEASE HELP!!!The area of a triangle is given by the formula A = 1/2bh Solve this for h. Which statement is FALSE? a. Erxn is a measure of heat. b. Enthalpy is the sum of a system's internal energy and the product of pressure and volume. c. Hrxn is the heat of reaction. d. An exothermic reaction gives heat off heat to the surroundings. e. Endothermic has a positive H. what is the correct definition of speed.distance (miles or meters)time per distance (hours per mile or seconds per meterdistance per time (miles per hour or meters per second)time (hours or seconds) A business renders services to a client and issues a sales invoice. The amount will be collected from the customer at a later time. Which of the following is true at the time the invoice is issued?a) net income will increaseb) total liabilities will increasec) total assets will decreased) equity will decrease Which of the following is not associated with skinner 13. In engineering notation, the number0.000452 is expressed as What is a model?A.a simplified, constructed version of a complex object or ideaB.an alternative, upgraded version of a complex object or ideaC.a detailed, more accurate version of a simple object or ideaD.a well-researched, identical copy of a complex object or idea In a cross between two strains that are true breeding for purple and white flowers, the F2 phenotypic ration would be 1/4 purple 1/4 white, and 1/2 lavender if the flower color phentotype exhibits incomplete dominance.True / False. standard form 4x-8=9y-5 Universal Containers has a requirement to integrate Salesforce with an external system to control record access. What option should the Architect consider when designing a solution?A. Use the Metadata API to maintain the related SObject recordsB. Use the Security API to modify the role hierarchy in SalesforceC. Use the SOAP API to maintain the related SObject_share recordsD. Use the SOAP API to create new Criteria-Based Sharing Rules in Salesforce Question 4 (1 point)What is the name given to the rights that are inherent in all human beings and not dependent on government?0bConstitutional lawpositive rightsintrinsic lawsnatural rightsd