A key is a sorting device that lists choices between certain observed characteristics. A dichotomous key is the simplest means of identification. The word dichotomy means "cut or split into two parts." Hence, a dichotomous key is a two-part or two-choice key. It asks whether a particular organism has one trait or another—either yellow or brown, either large or small, etc. For this project, you will classify different pieces of fruit by responding to dichotomous questions. In the fruit lab below, respond to the questions to help the computer identify all the pieces of fruit. After conducting the fruit lab, answer the following questions: What was your identification accuracy? Identify at least three types of characteristics that you were asked about as you helped the computer identify a fruit. How is the fruit lab like a dichotomous key?

The least amount of ATP is produced in the Krebs cycle of cellular respiration. This stage produces only two molecules of ATP.

There are three different stages of cellular respiration are there:

The process of glycolysis produces 4 ATP and 2 NADH. But 2 ATP is spent which leads to the net production of 2 ATP and 2 NADH. The process of the Krebs cycle involves the breakdown of acetyl-CoA into 2 ATP, 8 NADH, and 2 FADH2. While the process of the electron transport chain produced 34 molecules of ATP with the help of the conversion of all energetic carriers.

Therefore, the least amount of ATP is produced in the Krebs cycle of cellular respiration. This stage produces only two molecules of ATP.

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Answer: Diarrhea or constipation can be caused when the muscles of the large intestine do not function properly

Explanation: Diarrhea is caused when an infection or illness cause the body to release too much water into the intestines in order to flush them out. Constipation is the opposite; not enough fiber causes a backup of stool in the large intestine. The colon's main job is to absorb water, nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food, the rest is pushed down as waste (feaces)

Muscles in the colon work to get rid of the body's waste products. They contract and relax as they push the undigested food through the large intestine. If the muscles in the colon don't work at the right speed for proper digestion or if the coordination with muscles in the rectum or pelvis is interrupted, the contents of the colon can't move along smoothly. When this happens, a person can feel the belly cramps, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea  

Diarrhea and constipation are caused by disruptions in the GI tract's normal function in the large intestine, resulting in loose or hardened stools.

Diarrhea occurs when the large intestine discharges its contents before water reabsorption is complete, resulting in loose stools. Conversely, constipation happens when the colon retains contents for too long, leading to hardened feces. Both conditions are caused by disruptions in the GI tract's normal function.

Food enters through the mouth, where teeth perform the initial breakdown of food into smaller particles and mix it with saliva. The food passes down the pharynx situated behind the mouth and nose, down into the oesophagus, into the, stomach where further breakdown of food occurs, into the small intestine and finally into the large intestine.

When enzymes are heated to a high temperature, they can denature, losing their structure and function. Similarly, extreme pH values can also cause denaturation of enzymes.

Enzymes need certain environmental conditions in order to function properly. When enzymes are heated to a high temperature, they can denature, losing their three-dimensional structure and function. This is because high temperatures can break the chemical bonds within the enzyme's active site, making it less well-suited to bind substrates. Enzymes also function optimally within a certain pH range, and extreme pH values can also cause denaturation of enzymes.

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Answer:

The genetic variation between humans and orangutans is the greatest.

Explanation:

Humans and orangutans are farthest from each other in the tree, indicating the greatest biomolecular differences or genetic variations. The branches tell us that there are genetic differences; we cannot say from the tree that the amount of differences are equal.

The function of NAD+ is to carry hydrogen atoms and electrons. The correct option is C.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plus hydrogen (H) is referred to as NADH. It occurs naturally in the body and contributes to energy production. The body generates NADH, which is used to produce energy.

This word is used to refer to the same molecule's reduced and oxidized versions. The oxidized form of NAD+ is one in which it has lost an electron. As the molecule's reduced form, NADH receives the electron that was lost by NAD+.

The powerhouses of the cells, the mitochondria, are where ATP, the energy currency, is made. Every cell in your body has mitochondria, which function as little engines or energy makers.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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The occipital lobe of the brain is associated with the four visual cues which are color, form, movement, and depth. This part helps in interpreting the visual information from the eyes.

The four visual cues are most associated with the part of the brain known as the occipital lobe. This part of the brain is at the back of the head and is primarily involved in vision processing. It interprets visual cues from the eyes, transforming light and color information into images.

The four key visual cues processed by the occipital lobe include color, form, movement, and depth. These cues help us to understand and interact with the world around us in a meaningful way.

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Talking of early development we are referring to the embryonic stage of development. The closer similarity of their embryos shows a relationship between the organisms. For example an adult chimpanzee and an adult human being look so different and on the other hand their embryos look so much alike.

Comparing early development in species helps to understand their relatedness by identifying homologous structures stemming from common ancestry. Embryonic similarities such as gill slits that appear in all vertebrates demonstrate shared evolutionary paths. These comparisons aid in the construction of phylogenetic trees to visualize evolutionary relationships.

Understanding Species Relatedness Through Early Development

Comparing the early development of different species can reveal their evolutionary relationships. Scientists look for homologous structures, which are features that are similar due to shared ancestry. An example of this is the presence of gill slits in the embryos of all vertebrates, including humans, which indicates a common ancestral origin. Moreover, scientists use embryology, the study of an organism's development from embryo to adult, to find these connections. The development patterns can help distinguish between homologies and analogies, the latter being similarities due to convergent evolution rather than common ancestry.

For instance, while bats, birds, and insects all have evolved wings for flight, the embryonic origin and structural makeup of these wings differ significantly. Birds and bats have homologous structures in their wings suggesting a closer evolutionary relationship, whereas insect wings are analogous and do not imply close relatedness. Such comparisons enable researchers to construct phylogenetic trees, illustrating the evolutionary pathways of different species.

The answer is walnuts. Wall nuts are rich in vitamin E, omega – 3 fats and antioxidants; eating or consumption of walnuts everyday may support brain health and increase young adult’s inferential reasoning. It is recommended that an ounce or 28 grams of nuts per day is good, it is as much as the size of a palm of a hand.

Binary fission and budding are both the procedures of asexual reproduction. They are both very identical; however, they do possess certain differences. They are regarded as the most basic methods of asexual reproduction.  

Binary fission takes place majorly in unicellular species. When the species has to reproduce its cell goes via the phases of mitosis. However, when it attains cytokinesis it divides into two distinct organisms.  

Budding is another kind of asexual reproduction. In this process, a new species called bud originates from the original organism. As soon as the bud possess the tendency to survive on its own it distinguishes itself from the original organism.  

It takes place in both the multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms. However, unlike binary fission, it takes place from an unequal division of the reproducing organism.  

Answer: Pain at specific trigger points along the neck and back is associated with the condition of knots .

Explanation:

Pain at specific trigger points along the neck and back is associated with the condition of knots .

Knots refers to collection of tense and contracted muscles, when we pressed or moved the pain spread.

For example, trigger point may be in our shoulder but pain may be shoot up when pushed.

The correct order of steps in the process of genetic engineering is: identify desirable gene, isolate gene, insert gene into vector, introduce vector into host organism, allow replication and expression, and screen for successful incorporation and expression.

The correct order of steps in the process of genetic engineering is as follows:

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Answer:

Complete each statement to make it true.

Vascular tissue’s main function is

Vascular tissue runs

Select whether each statement is describing xylem or phloem.

This tissue’s function is to transport sugars from the leaves to the other areas of the plant.    

This tissue’s function is to transport water from the roots to the leaves.

Explanation:

Final answer:

Pyrimidines, such as cytosine and thymine, are single-ringed structures, while purines, like adenine and guanine, are double-ringed. Adenine bonds only to thymine because they can share two hydrogen bonds, maintaining DNA's stable helix structure.

Explanation:

Distinguishing Between Pyrimidines and Purines

The structure of DNA nucleotides includes two distinct types of nitrogenous bases known as pyrimidines and purines. Pyrimidines are single-ringed structures and include cytosine (C) and thymine (T). In contrast, purines are double-ringed structures represented by adenine (A) and guanine (G).

When it comes to the bonding of these bases, adenine forms bonds only with thymine due to the ability of these to share two hydrogen bonds. This selectivity in bonding is also facilitated by the way DNA structures its nucleotide pairings—one purine with one pyrimidine—providing the necessary spacing to maintain the helix's integrity. The double-ring of a purine and the single-ring of a pyrimidine together form a pairing of a consistent shape and size, critical for the DNA structure. For this reason, adenine cannot pair with another purine such as guanine because it would create too much spatial hindrance, nor can it pair with another pyrimidine like cytosine due to excessive spacing.

So, adenine bonds only to thymine due to their matching ability to create two hydrogen bonds and the structural conformity that results when a purine is paired with a pyrimidine, thereby maintaining the optimal width of the DNA helix.

The presence of mucus and pus in the stools typically indicates an infection in the digestive system. This could be caused by various bacteria, leading to intestinal inflammation and associated symptoms. A stool sample would be required to confirm the diagnosis and identify the cause.

The presence of mucus and pus in the stools suggests a condition involving an infection in the digestive system. This could be due to a bacterial infection such as Shigella, Salmonella, C. jejuni, or E. histolytica; or a result of the overgrowth of opportunistic bacteria like Clostridium difficile when the normal intestinal flora is disturbed. These infections generally cause inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining, leading to the presence of pus and mucus in the stools.

They can cause symptoms like diarrhea (which may also contain blood), stomach cramps, and fever. Due to the nature of these conditions, a physician may order a stool sample for testing in order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the causative agent. Treatment will then be prescribed based on the identified cause.

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Explanation:

Complex carbohydrates like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, peas etc. They contain vitamins, minerals and fibres, that's why they are the source of long lasting energy because they take long time to digest.

Complex carbohydrates are healthier than simple carbohydrates like sugar are present in fruits, table sugar, soft drinks, milk and milk products etc. They digested quickly not the long lasting as complex carbohydrates, they can easily broken down by the body.

Complex are better dietary choice because it contains more nutrients than simple carbs. They are high in fibre and digested slowly, this is the better way for weight control.

Answer:

2. December 21

3.  They move faster.

Explanation:

2. The midnight sun or polar day is a natural phenomenon observable in the north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle, consisting of that, on dates close to the summer solstice, the Sun is visible 24 hours a day.

3. The energy makes the air particles move faster, they collide with others that are at a lower temperature, that move more slowly. As they collide, fast particles yield some of their energy to slower ones. These in turn collide with other adjacent particles. This process continues until the energy is extended to all the particles of the air that was initially at a lower temperature. Finally they all reach the same kinetic energy and consequently the same temperature.

Deep ocean trenches are not associated with mid-ocean ridges. The correct option is A.

What is a Deep ocean trench?

Deep ocean trenches are actually associated with subduction zones, which are areas where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another plate.

They are typically located at the boundaries of tectonic plates where oceanic crust is being subducted beneath either another oceanic plate or a continental plate.

Mid-ocean ridges, on the other hand, are divergent boundaries where tectonic plates are moving away from each other, resulting in the upwelling of molten material from the mantle and the formation of a new oceanic crust.

These ridges are characterized by volcanic activity and the creation of new seafloor.

Therefore, the correct statement should be "A".

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the answer ould be d. all of the above

High blood viscosity increases the resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow. Thus, option B is correct.

The thickness of a liquid in known as viscosity or its property of being sticky and its consistency which is created due to the friction present inside it.The unit of viscosity is newton- second per square meter and it is written as pascal-second in SI system.

There are several methods by which viscosity is measured and these are rotational rheometry, non-contact rheology, vibrating viscometers, capillary viscometers.

The viscosity of honey is 3,200.0, viscosity of peanut butter is 250,000.0 it means different items have different viscosity.

Therefore, High blood viscosity increases the resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow. Thus, option B is correct.

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