Answer:
large punishment; small punishment
Explanation:
Punishment means to punish someone for commiting an offence or for wrong doing for a particular action or behaviour been carried out or done by the person in which it may take forms of ranging from capital punishment, flogging or forced labour.
Punishment can either be harsh or injurious depending on what the offender did wrong.
Therefore a LARGE PUNISHMENT can be use on someone in order to stop the person behavior immediately for the time being because large punishment can only stop the child behaviour for a while in which he will still continue to carryout such behavior while SMALL PUNISHMENT can be use on someone if the person wants to more permanently change the behavior because gradually using a small punishment may tend to change child behaviour to what she desire.
Therefore According to cognitive dissonance theory, if she wants to stop the child's behavior immediately for the time being, she should use a LARGE PUNISHMENT but if she wants to more permanently change the behavior, she should use a SMALL PUNISHMENT.
Answer:
large punishment; small punishment
Explanation:
A mother is trying to get her child to behave in the store and to stop running around, yelling, and grabbing things off the shelves. According to cognitive dissonance theory, if she wants to stop the child's behavior immediately for the time being, she should use a large punishment, but if she wants to more permanently change the behavior, she should use a small punishment.
This portion of the constitution outlines the powers of the legislative branch of the federal government.
Chuck has very strong opinions about his tuition increase. However, once he is the student representative for the College Board, he develops a more favorable attitude about the tuition increase. Which theory best explains why?
A. two-factor theory
B. cognitive dissonance theory
C. equity theory
D. social exchange theory
Answer:
B. cognitive dissonance theory
Explanation:
Twenty-nine-year-old Ginny, though having a strong sense of who she is, has not yet been able to find that significant other for whom she has been searching. She has decided that being on her own is a perfectly acceptable choice and is learning to enjoy it. What psychosocial stage of development best describes Ginny?
a) industry vs. inferiorityb) intimacy vs. isolationc) generativity vs. stagnationd) identity vs. role confusion
Answer:
Intimacy versus Isolation
Explanation:
Intimacy versus Isolation is the sixth stage of the psycho-social developmental stage. The psycho-social developmental stage was proposed by Erick-Erickson.
This stage happened within the age period of 19 to 40. At this stage, the person makes a relationship with others. Success leads to their fulfillment of the relationship. When a person gets failed in a relationship leads to isolation and depression.
Thus twenty-nine-year-old Ginny is at sixth stage intimacy versus isolation of developmental theory.
Natalie is a marital therapist who believes that marriage is a sacred institution. She is dedicated to preserving marital relationships whenever possible. She is working with a couple who is attempting to resolve their problems even though they have also considered the possibility of divorce. One could expect that she _________.
a. would set her values aside and work with any decision that her clients chose to make about their marriage.b. would place the primary focus on helping each person examine what is the best course of action forthemselves.c. might let it be known that she believes in the preservation of marriage and would urge the couple to work ontheir issues.d. would consider divorce as a viable option if the couple is unhappy with their relationship.
Answer:
might let it be known that she believes in the preservation of marriage and would urge the couple to work on their issues.
Explanation:
It is perhaps common for married people to seek the attention of a marital therapist whenever they feel distressed and are maybe contemplating divorce. A marriage therapist is a person who help couples or people who are engage and are seeking for counsel on a matter. Marriage therapists believe that marriage is sacred and hence all marriages are worth saving. Hence from the question, and with this definition, it is clear that the first instinct of a marital therapist would be to let the couples know that she believes in marriage preservation and would urge the couple to work on their issues.
Answer:
might let it be known that she believes in the preservation of marriage and would urge the couple to work on their issues.
Explanation:
A skilled marriage therapist does is to offers support and intervention that can help distrusting disengaged partners to safely address whatsoever they are having as difficulties and begin the process of problem solving and healing. He or she is not there to take side but to make them see why their marriage needs saving rather than just quit.
The unionized employees of the Premier Music Center, which owns and operates a large concert hall, have gone on strike and are picketing in front of the venue for alleged unfair labor practices. Premier and its employees have worked closely for years with the non-unionized security guards employed by Safe Event, Inc., who also work in the hall and the nearby parking lot. May the Premier employees picket in front of the Safe Event's office as well?
a. No, the union can only picket in front of the concert hall.
b. No, because Safe Event's employees are not unionized.
c. Yes, as long as the picket line is not violent.
d. Yes, if they have reason to believe that it will influence the Premier owners.
Answer: No, the union can only picket in front of the concert hall.
Explanation:
Answer:
A
Explanation:
No, the union can only picket in front of the concert hall.
Professor King approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective which emphasizes the rewards and punishments that maintain certain specific behaviors. He does not invoke the mind to explain behavior but sticks to what he can observe and measure directly. It is most likely that he accepts which of the following psychological approaches?
a. socioculturalb. learningc. cognitived. psychodynamic
Answer:
Learning
Explanation:
The learning approach is very famous in psychology. This approach described how behavior is acquired through learning. Through the learning approach, the theorist examines how a person acquires these approaches and underlie the learning system. The learning approach focused on observation, viewing, investigation, mental process, and unconscious forces.
Bandura has been proposed observational learning through modeling, role play, etc. Thus here professor King has been used learning approaches.
Professor King's emphasis on observable behaviors and external influencers, like rewards and punishments, suggests he is likely using the Learning psychological approach. This approach relies on environmental stimuli and observed behavior, rather than internal cognitive processes or unconscious drives.
Explanation:Based on the explanation provided, it seems Professor King likely aligns with the Learning psychological approach. This perspective focuses on how environmental factors, such as rewards or punishments, influence behavior. Actions are seen as dictated by learned responses to stimuli, rather than being influenced by internal processes like thoughts or feelings. Thus, this field of research is often characterized by observable and measurable phenomena, aligning with Professor King's methodology of sticking to what can be observed and directly measured. This contrasts with other psychological approaches like the cognitive or the psychodynamic, which emphasize internal mental processes or unconscious drives, respectively.
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An important feature of informational social influence is that it often leads to
Answer:
private acceptance
Explanation:
The influence of other people that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behavior; we conform because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ours and will help us choose an appropriate course of action.
Informational social influence is a type of social influence where people conform to the behavior or opinions of others because they believe they possess valuable information.
Explanation:Informational social influence is a type of social influence where people conform to the behavior or opinions of others because they believe they possess valuable information. This is often seen in situations where individuals are uncertain about the correct course of action and look to others for guidance. One important feature of informational social influence is that it often leads to more accurate and informed decision-making due to the pooling of knowledge and expertise.
For example, in a classroom setting, if a student sees the majority of their peers answering a question a certain way, they may be more likely to follow suit, assuming their classmates have more knowledge on the subject. In this case, the student is influenced by the informational social influence of their peers.
Overall, informational social influence can be beneficial as it helps individuals make better decisions by relying on the knowledge and expertise of others.
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What event showed the power and speed of locomotives? *
Answer:
A race against a horse drawn railcar in 1830
Explanation:
"When his overseer suggested that there was plenty of iron ore on the land, Cooper decided to set up an iron business. Here he invented a process for rolling steel and used it to make rails for horse driven trolleys. This later led to one of his most significant inventions, that is, the first steam powered locomotive."
Most democracies have a government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. In Canada, the legislative branch is the
Answer:Parliament
Hope this helped!
Miranda and her uncle see an interesting new car drive by. Later, after the car has gone, her uncle asks if she remembers the neat thing they saw minutes before. Miranda says, "Yes, we saw a car." Miranda is demonstrating
Answer: Symbolic Function
Explanation: Symbolic Function can be simply defined as the mental ability to recall or remember objects which are not present i.e not within sight. In piaget's theory, the symbolic Function is a subset of the second stage of cognitive development, at this stage children easily remember and represent pictures of object in their minds when the object is taken away from them or can't be sighted.
Miranda's ability to recall the object she saw earlier best illustrates that she is demonstrating symbolic Function.
Explain the effects of the oil industry on Texans.
Explanation:
The biggest effects of the oil industry on Texans are the economic impact due to the discovery of the oil glorified Texans to the national importance, changing the social, opportunities of job production and employment, and also decrease dependability on different countries.The oil industry leads to the accelerated industrialization of Texan.The effects of the oil industry in Texans helped to neutralize the impacts of depression and also changed the political atmosphere of the state.The heights of the starting 5 players on a basketball team are 60 inches, 67 inches, 64
inches, and 65 inches. If the mean or balance point of the players is 65, what is the
height of the 5th player?
The height of the 5th player is 69 inches.
The height of the 5th player would be as follows:
[tex]69[/tex] inches
Find the Height
No. of players [tex]= 5[/tex]
The height of 4 players [tex]= 60[/tex] inches, [tex]67[/tex] inches, [tex]64[/tex] inches, [tex]65[/tex] inches.
Mean of the [tex]5[/tex] players [tex]= 65[/tex]
To find,
Height of 5th player [tex]= ?[/tex]
As we know,
Assuming the height of the 5th player be [tex]x[/tex]
Mean [tex]=[/tex] Sum of observations[tex]/[/tex]No. of observations
[tex]65[/tex] [tex]= (60 + 67 + 64 + 65 + x)/5[/tex]
[tex]65[/tex] × [tex]5[/tex] [tex]=[/tex] [tex](60 + 67 + 64 + 65 + x)[/tex]
⇒ [tex]325[/tex] [tex]= 256 + x[/tex]
∵ [tex]x = 69[/tex] inches
Thus, the height of the 5th player is [tex]69[/tex] inches.
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Japanese gardens are an example of
Japanese gardens, particularly Zen gardens like Ryōan-ji and Saihō-ji in Kyoto, are significant in their meditative role in Zen Buddhism and are noted for their abstract designs which evolved from earlier Chinese influences.
Japanese gardens are renowned for their deep historical roots and their significance in Zen Buddhism. They evolved from Chinese garden designs and became associated with the meditative practices of Zen Buddhism, particularly during the Muromachi Period. Prominent examples that showcase the evolution and abstract nature of these gardens can be found in Kyoto, such as the famous Ryōan-ji and Saihō-ji, or the Moss Garden. Ryōan-ji, dated to the late 15th century, is acclaimed for its minimalist and purely abstract design, featuring fifteen carefully placed stones amidst white gravel, meant to be contemplated from the seated position. Saihō-ji, known for its moss gardens, displays a transition from the traditional Heian Period style to a more abstract representation of nature with its rock
Which of the following statements is correct regarding personality disorders?
A. There is more variance for personality disorders across cultures than within cultures.
B. There is more variance for personality disorders within cultures than between cultures.
C. There is no difference in variance for personality disorders across cultures and within cultures.
D. Personality disorders do not occur in cultures other than the United States.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
Personality disorders occurs virtually within all cultures,because people are different, the way people reason are different and we have diverse cultures so, the personality people display in culture is different, some are not culturally wise while some are, some are due to character defects. For their to exist character defects, certainly their will be personality disorder.
Which of the these is an example of episodic memory? Remembering the events of your high-school graduation Remembering the names of your high school teachers Remembering how to get from your home to your high school Remembering the name of your high school
Answer:
A: Remembering the events of your high-school graduation
Explanation:
This is an episodic memory because you are recalling a specific memory or event that happened.
Hope this helped :D
Remembering the details of your high school graduation is an example of episodic memory. So the correct option is A.
The capacity to recall particular prior events or experiences is referred to as episodic memory. It entails recalling the specifics, setting, and feelings connected to those occurrences. Here, remembering the events of your high school graduation entails thinking back on the particular ceremony, the attendees, the speeches, and the emotions of pride and accomplishment.
This kind of memory is particular and particular to the person. It enables us to mentally travel back in time and revisit the past. The names of your high school teachers, the route from your house to your high school, and the name of your high school, on the other hand, are not examples of episodic memory.
These are illustrations of semantic memory, which incorporates worldly knowledge and generic information. In general, episodic memory enables us to remember certain events from our life by aiding in the retention and recall of personal experiences. So the correct option is A.
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The complete question is:
Which of these is an example of episodic memory?
A. Remembering the events of your high-school graduation
B. Remembering the names of your high school teachers
C. Remembering how to get from your home to your high school
D. Remembering the name of your high school
Under Title 49 CFR Part 1542.209, all personnel with access to security identification display areas and secured areas are required to have successfully completed a fingerprint-based _________________________ before being issued any form of access media granting unescorted access authority to the security identification display area.
Answer:
Criminal History Record Check
Explanation:
Under Title 49 CFR Part 1542.209, all personnel with access to security identification display areas and secured areas are required to have successfully completed a fingerprint-based Criminal History Record Check before being issued any form of access media granting unescorted access authority to the security identification display area.
Answer:
Criminal history record Check
Explanation:
Under Title 49 CFR Part 1542.209, all personnel with access to security identification display areas and secured areas are required to have successfully completed a fingerprint-based Criminal history record Check before being issued any form of access media granting unescorted access authority to the security identification display area.
Their criminal history record check is considered the required screening which enable the necessary authority to view someone's available criminal history
While flipping through the channels, you stop on a television program about primate evolution. The host says that there is a six-million-year gap in the fossil evidence between the latest Oligocene catarrhines and the earliest Miocene proconsulids, which could mean that primates disappeared from Earth and evolved anew some time later. What do you tell your roommate about what you have just heard?
A. "The primates in that six-million-year gap were evolving in South America, not Africa!"
B. "The resemblance between the Fayum catarrhines and the Miocene proconsulids in skull form and dentition suggests an evolutionary relationship, even if the direct fossil evidence isn't there!"
C. "These primates were whisked away by aliens and put back a few million years later, so of course there is no fossil evidence!"
D. "It's unlikely that anything important evolved in that time, so the gap in the fossil record doesn't matter!"
Explanation:
pretty sure option B is the correct answer
Alexandra wants to buy a new car before she goes off to college. She wants one that looks good and has a nice stereo system so that she can listen to her favorite music while driving to class. Which form of persuasion would probably be more convincing to her?
Answer:
Peripheral route persuasion.
Explanation:
The persuasive routes concept was developed by Petty and Cacioppo in 1981. They defined two routes of persuasion. They are, central and peripheral.
The peripheral route to persuasion is a form of persuasive message that is based solely on appearance. This persuasive route is not based on argument or the content of the message but peripheral cues.
In the given case, the persuasion form that can be used to convince Alexandra to buy a car would not be based on why a car is good, or the speed, etc. The contents that are usually looked by a car buyer, but on peripheral cues.
Persuading someone based on peripheral cues involves less effort as it is only slightly related to the content. A seller can persuade Alexandra by showing good-looking cars with nice stereo system.
So, the correct answer is Peripheral Route to Persuasion.
When communicating with older children and teenagers, you should be sensitive to their: need for verbal instructions. natural urge to communicate. desire for adult companionship. typical reluctance to talk.
When communicating with older children and teenagers, you should be sensitive to their natural urge to communicate.
Explanation:
Older children and teenagers have developing brains that have begun to have a complex understanding of language and thus are prone to talking long and talking gibberish that would make little senses as their minds are experimenting with language and require support.
So it is important for the person to understand this and address it.
It is helpful to be supportive of the kids and not deride them for saying things that may not be making as much sense to someone else.
The establishment of three branches of government is meant to ensure that
Answer:
to ensure that powers of three branches of government are separated.
Explanation:
The establishment of three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial is meant to ensure separation of powers. Each branch of government has its own powers and responsibilities to ensure that the government works effectively and citizens' rights are protected.
The legislative branch makes laws, the judicial branch can declare those laws and the executive branch can veto those laws with the consent of the president.
the first battle of bull run was considered
A. a difficult victory for the union
B. a setback for the union
C. an easy victory for the union
D. a loss for both sides with no clear winner
Explanation:
The answer option should be B) a setback for the union.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
just did it
Put the events of the Tulsa race riot in the correct order.
Answer: 19 year old black shoe shiner was accused of assaulting 17 year old white elevator operator. immediately a gathering of angry white locals were formed outside the courtyard were the black boy was held. rumors spread that the black boy have been lynched.This makes the black locals to arrive the scene with their arms. shots were fired and 12 people were killed (10 whites and 2 blacks) As the news spread mob violence exploded. White rioters rampaged throughout the black neighborhood night and morning killing men , burning and looting stores and homes. Next day around noon Oklahoma national guard troops managed to get control of the situation by declaring martial law. Finally about 10000 blacks were left homeless.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
-Anonymous caller tells police, “We are going to lynch that negro.” Rowland is moved to the more secure jail on the top floor the Tulsa County Courthouse.
-Sheriff Bill McCullough orders three white men out of the courthouse, disables elevator and barricades himself and deputies inside the jail with Rowland.
-The police chief calls in all available officers, local guardsmen are dispatched, and hundreds of civilians are commissioned as “special deputies.” Black residents retreat into the Greenwood District.
-Signatures secured to send a telegram asking Gov. J.B.A. Robertson to deploy National Guard troops from Oklahoma City.
-Gunfire breaks out between black and white neighborhoods on North Detroit Avenue.
-Around dawn, a force of citizens, police and National Guard members moves into Greenwood under orders to take into protective custody unarmed black residents and to subdue any who resist. Mount Zion Baptist Church is set on fire after armed men inside refuse to surrender. Along the Frisco Railroad tracks, an angry horde of about 1,000 whites pushes through police lines and invades Greenwood, looting and burning much of the district.
-Six aircraft, probably JN-4 biplanes, are sent into the sky. Local authorities said they were for reconnaissance, but some on the ground said the planes were used to bomb and strafe Greenwood and its residents.
-Black residents are forced to march to Convention Hall (now the Brady Theater) with their hands in the air. Later, they are taken to McNulty Park at 10th Street and Elgin Avenue, and then to the fairgrounds at Admiral Boulevard and Lewis Avenue. Some are released after a white person vouches for them, and others are kept up to eight days. Those who remained are put to work at standard laborers’ wages, cleaning up Greenwood.
-Violence subsides. Tulsa National Guard members, reinforced by units from Oklahoma City, Bartlesville and other communities, begin securing the Greenwood area.
-Grand jury places blame mainly on armed blacks at the courthouse, along with agitation for social equality and lax enforcement of segregation laws.
Given the high level of uncertainty present at the onset of the entry phase, as the amount of verbal communication between strangers increases, the level of uncertainty for each interactant in the relationship will __________.
Answer:
Decrease
Explanation:
Given the high level of uncertainty present at the onset of the entry phase, as the amount of verbal communication between strangers increases, the level of uncertainty for each interactant in the relationship will decrease
Answer:
decrease
Explanation:
The uncertainty decreases, and chances of communicating better become a possibility:
When two strangers meet, the process of communicating makes feelings of uncertainty to decrease and distance to breach the gap, and this increases the chances for a better communication process to develop. Some other interactions may take place since the verbal communication helps build empathy and triggers interactions among people that would by other means be hindered.
At meetings, Peter is very direct with his statements. Because the group is familiar with Peter’s Myers-Briggs scores, his directness does not cause conflicts. Why is the conflict avoided?
a. People have become used to Peter’s direct style.
b. People recognize his directness as a personality style and know that it is not personal.
c. Others like hearing direct comments and opinions.
d. They know that Peter is getting help with his directness.
Answer:
B. people recognize his directness as a personality style and know that is is not personal
Explanation:
At meetings, Peter is very direct with his statements. Because the group is familiar with Peter’s Myers-Briggs scores, his directness does not cause conflicts. Conflict is avoided because people recognize his directness as a personality style and know that is is not personal.
Three-year-old Wendy is playing hide-and-seek with some older children. However, instead of running to find a hiding place away from the other children, Wendy simply covers her eyes and stands in place. Wendy is demonstrating which Piagetian concept?
Answer: Egocentric thought
Explanation: Egocentric thought can be simply defined as the inability of people to view things in other people's perspective. Egocentrism is a child's inability to see events or situations the way other people sees it.
According to Piagentian, Children believes that the way they view situation or event is exactly the same way others view that same situation. Children between the age of two to seven usually exhibit this thought.
Wendy believes that by closing her eyes, she can't see her self so she becomes invisible to others too because she thinks thats exactly how others will see her. This thought is called egocentric thought.
Wendy's action of covering her eyes during hide-and-seek is an example of the Piagetian concept of egocentrism, which occurs during the preoperational stage of cognitive development (ages 2-7). Children in this stage tend to have a limited perspective and may not fully grasp that others can see things differently from themselves.
Explanation:Three-year-old Wendy, by covering her eyes and standing in place during a game of hide-and-seek, is demonstrating a Piagetian concept known as egocentrism. This concept stems from the fact that very young children believe that if they cannot see others, others also cannot see them. This stage of cognitive development falls within what Jean Piaget described as the preoperational stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 2 and 7 years old.
During the preoperational stage, children are developing their symbolic-representation capabilities, which include drawing and using language. However, they also display limitations such as focusing on a single dimension of a problem and having difficulty understanding the perspectives of others.
Egocentrism in children is tied to their understanding of object permanence, which develops during Piaget's earlier sensorimotor stage. By age 3, children begin to develop theory of mind (TOM), which allows them to understand that others can have different thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. However, even after starting to grasp TOM, young children might still apply egocentric thinking in certain situations, like while playing games such as hide-and-seek, as demonstrated by Wendy covering her eyes to 'hide'.
Which is the correct order of tasks an officer should accomplish upon arriving at the scene of an assault after the perpetrator has left? a. Protect the crime scene.
b. Search the crime scene.
c. Administer first aid.
d. Begin initial questioning.
Answer:
Option C, A, B, D
Explanation:
In simple words, the reporting officer on the crime scene should first ask for first aid to the center if he or she finds someone injured. If there is no such condition then the officer must seal the crime scene to protect the evidence that the reinforcement teams might find earlier.
After protecting the crime scene from any infiltration, officer should himself or herself search for any instant evidence that might not be visible after time. And if the officer gets any eye witnesses then he or she should start questioning.
Why should teachers refrain from using extreme language, such as "I'm dying
of hunger," around four- and five-year-old children?
Answer:
The kids might take it to literal
Explanation:
Kids at a young age such as four and five years olds don't know what sarcasm is. They don't know the difference between sarcasm and literal meanings.
Final answer:
Teachers should avoid extreme language around young children as they often interpret words literally, which can cause confusion or worry. Children are prone to language overextensions and learn from adult speech patterns, hence the importance of using neutral, non-violent vocabulary.
Explanation:
Teachers should refrain from using extreme language around four- and five-year old children because these young learners are still developing their understanding of language. They tend to interpret phrases literally rather than figuratively. Expressions such as "I'm dying of hunger" might be misunderstood by children, causing unnecessary worry or confusion. During early childhood development, children are learning how to categorize sounds and words. They are prone to overextensions of concepts, where a single term might be broadly applied to many things incorrectly. They are also mastering the contexts and appropriate use of language by observing and repeating what they hear from adults and peers.
Using ageist or violent language around children can inadvertently teach them stereotypes or aggression. Teachers should opt for neutral terms that convey the same message without supporting age-based stereotypes or encouraging harm. For example, to replace "grandfathered," one might use "legacy status," and instead of saying "killing it," one could say "doing great." Appropriate language choices help in establishing a classroom setting that is conducive to positive learning and behavior.
Why do some people consider the way the media cover candidates for public office bad for democracy?
A. People tend to vote for the candidates who they find most appealing, rather than the ones whose beliefs
are most like their own.
B. The media are for-profit businesses, unable to be fair or objective in the interest of the public.
C. Candidates already in office receive more media attention than those who are trying to take their
positions.
D. People always vote for the person the media determine is most qualified, rather than the candidate who
can bring about change.
Answer:
B. The media are for-profit businesses, unable to be fair or objective in the interest of the public
Explanation:
The media are businesses whose main objective is profit maximization. It is also true that they are required by law to care for certain ethical standards but, in general, they show the contents that will attract a larger audience. They do not care on whether these contents can be giving visibility to candidates whose political proposals are bad for the welfare of citizens
What is the Great Britain's "Railway Act of 1844." ?
Answer:
The Railway Regulation Act 1844 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom providing a minimum standard for rail passenger travel. It provided compulsory services at a price affordable to poorer people to enable them to travel to find work.
Explanation:
The Railway Act of 1844 was developed by William Ewart Gladstone, the president of the Board of Trade. The act established minimum standards for railroad businesses and made provisions for eventual purchase of the railway lines.
At the time this act was established, there was a man from Yorkshire named George Hudson, who made remarkable achievements in the establishment of British rail network. The Railway Act led to a closer scrutiny of George’s account and certain discoveries were made which showed that he was swindling shareholders.
The Railway Act of 1844 likely responded to the rapid expansion and challenges of the railway industry in Great Britain during the 19th century, set against a backdrop of technological advances and intense competition.
Explanation:The Railway Act of 1844 is not directly mentioned in the provided text, which instead offers a rich historical context on the development of railways in Great Britain and elsewhere. From the given information, we understand that the basic idea of transport by rail in Great Britain began in the 1700s, initially used by coal mines. The adoption of the steam locomotive, thanks to improvements to James Watt's steam engine and advances in purifying iron, led to a significant boom in railway construction across the globe. This environment of rapid expansion and technological improvement, combined with the intense competition among railways and other transportation methods, likely set the stage for legislative actions such as the Railway Act of 1844. Though not detailed here, the Railway Act of 1844 would have been a legislative response to the unprecedented growth and challenges faced by the railway industry during this transformative period.
Mandy grew up believing that everyone from California was "weird." But at school, Mandy’s new roommate and best friend is from California, so she reasons that maybe Californians aren’t all that bad. What best accounts for her attitude shift?
Mandy's change in attitude towards Californians can be explained by cognitive dissonance, a psychological concept that describes the discomfort felt when one's beliefs conflict with their experiences. Mandy resolves this discomfort by changing her initial belief about Californians being 'weird'.
Mandy's attitude shift towards people from California can be best explained by the concept of cognitive dissonance in psychology. Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation where a person's beliefs are contradictory to his or her actual experiences. In this case, Mandy believed that all Californians were 'weird', but her experiences with her Californian roommate challenged this belief, creating an inconsistency. To resolve this inconsistency or dissonance, Mandy changed her belief and decided that Californians aren't all that bad. This is a typical cognitive response to conflicting information or experiences.
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Mandy's change in attitude toward Californians is a result of cognitive dissonance, where she modifies her beliefs due to her positive experience with her new roommate from California.
Mandy's attitude shift best accounts for the psychological concept known as cognitive dissonance. This occurs when someone has conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes, and they change their thoughts or behaviors to reduce the discomfort caused by the inconsistency. In Mandy's case, her belief that all Californians were "weird" was challenged by her positive experience with her roommate, leading her to reassess her stereotype and adopt a more favorable view of Californians.