Answer:
a). The potential is highest at the center of the sphere
Explanation:
We k ow the potential of a non conducting charged sphre of radius R at a point r < R is given by
[tex]E=\left [ \frac{K.Q}{2R} \right ]\left [ 3-(\frac{r}{R})^{2} \right ][/tex]
Therefore at the center of the sphere where r = 0
[tex]E=\left [ \frac{K.Q}{2R} \right ]\left [ 3-0 \right ][/tex]
[tex]E=\left [ \frac{3K.Q}{2R} \right ][/tex]
Now at the surface of the sphere where r = R
[tex]E=\left [ \frac{K.Q}{2R} \right ]\left ( 3-1 \right )[/tex]
[tex]E=\left [ \frac{2K.Q}{2R} \right ][/tex]
[tex]E=\left [ \frac{K.Q}{R} \right ][/tex]
Now outside the sphere where r > R, the potential is
[tex]E=\left [ \frac{K.Q}{r} \right ][/tex]
This gives the same result as the previous one.
As [tex]r\rightarrow \infty , E\rightarrow 0[/tex]
Thus, the potential of the sphere is highest at the center.
Please show all your work
After an initially neutral glass rod is rubbed with an initially neutral silk scarf, the rod has a charge of 89.0 µC. Estimate the fractional increase or decrease in the scarf's mass. (Assume the scarf had a mass of 100 g.)
delta M / M = ?
Would this change in mass be easily noticed? (Assume that this change is noticeable if it is more than 1 mg.)
yes or no
Answer:
5.062 x 10^-9 mg
Explanation:
Charge on glass rod = 89 uC
Charge on silk cloth = - 89 uC
mass of scarf, M = 100 g
Number of excess electrons on silk cloth = charge / charge of one electron
n = (89 x 10^-6) / ( 1.6 x 10^-19)
n = 5.5625 x 10^14
mass of one electron = 9.1 x 10^-31 kg
Mass of 5.5625 x 10^14 electrons = 5.5625 x 10^14 x 9.1 x 10^-31 kg
ΔM = 5.062 x 10^-16 kg
Δ M / M = (5.062 x 10^-16) / 0.1 = 5.062 x 10^-15 kg = 5.062 x 10^-9 mg
It is not noticeable.
Intensity of a wave is the. (a) Power per unit area (b) Power per unit volume (c) Power per unit time (d) All of the above
Answer:
Intensity of a wave is Power per unit area.
Explanation:
The intensity of wave is defined as the power per unit area in the direction of motion of wave i.e.
[tex]I=\dfrac{P}{A}[/tex]
Also, the intensity of a wave is directly proportional to the square of its amplitude. Let a is the amplitude of a wave. So,
[tex]I\propto a^2[/tex]
The SI unit of power is watt and the SI unit of area is m². So, the SI unit of intensity is W/m². Hence, the correct option is (a) "Intensity of a wave is Power per unit area".
A pump lifts water from a lake to a large tank 20 m above the lake. How much work against gravity does the pump do as it transfers 5.0 m^3 if the density is ?=1000kg/m^3?
Answer:
980 kJ
Explanation:
Work = change in energy
W = mgh
W = (1000 kg/m³ × 5.0 m³) (9.8 m/s²) (20 m)
W = 980,000 J
W = 980 kJ
The pump does 980 kJ of work.
The work done by the pump against gravity in transfering 5 m³ of water to a tank 20 m above the lake is 980000 J
We'll begin by calculating the mass of the water. This can be obtained as follow:
Volume of water = 5 m³
Density of water = 1000 Kg/m³
Mass of water =?Mass = Density × Volume
Mass of water = 1000 × 5
Mass of water = 5000 KgFinally, we shall determine the work done by the pump. This can be obtained as illustrated below:Mass of water (m) = 5000 Kg
Height (h) = 20 m
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²
Work done = ?Work done = mgh
Work done = 5000 × 9.8 × 20
Work done = 980000 JThus, the work done by the pump is 980000 J
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In a Young's double-slit experiment the wavelength of light used is 466 nm (in vacuum), and the separation between the slits is 1.3 × 10^-6 m. Determine the angle that locates: (a) the dark fringe for which m = 0 (b) the bright fringe for which m = 1 (c) the dark fringe for which m = 1 and (d) the bright fringe for which m = 2.
The question requires determining angles for bright and dark fringes in a double-slit experiment using the formula d sin(\theta) = m\lambda. The student should apply this formula, adjusting it for dark fringes, and solve for the angles for each order m, considering the wavelength and slit separation given.
Explanation:The question relates to Young's double-slit experiment, which demonstrates the wave nature of light through the interference pattern produced when light passes through two closely spaced slits. The angles locating the fringes can be calculated using the formula
d sin(\theta) = m\lambda, where d is the separation between the slits, \theta is the angle of the fringe from the central maximum, m is the order of the fringe (which can be an integer or half-integer value depending on whether it's a bright or dark fringe), and \lambda is the wavelength of the light.
(a) For the dark fringe with m=0, we expect no fringe to appear as m=0 corresponds to the central maximum which is bright, not dark.
(b) For the bright fringe with m=1, we rearrange the formula to \theta = arcsin(m\lambda / d). Substituting the given values, the angle can be calculated.
(c) For the dark fringe with m=1, the condition is changed to d sin(\theta) = (m + 0.5)\lambda, as dark fringes occur at half-wavelength shifts from the bright fringes.
(d) The calculation for the bright fringe with m=2 follows the same procedure as for m=1, using the appropriate value for m.
An electron is travelling East through a magnetic field directed South. In which direction is the force on the electron?
Answer:
Vertically upwards
Explanation:
Fleming's left hand rule: it states taht when we spread our fore finger, middle finger and thumb in such a way that they are mutually perpendicular to each other, theN thumb indicates the direction of force, fore finger indicates the direction of magnetic field and the middle finger indicates the direction of current.
So according to this rule the direction of force is vertically upwards.
A stone is dropped from the edge of a roof, and hits the ground with a velocity of -180 feet per second. How high (in feet) is the roof? Note: the acceleration of an object due to earth's gravity is 32 f t sec 2
Answer:
d = 506.25 ft
Explanation:
As we know by kinematics that
[tex]v_f^2 - v_i^2 = 2 a d[/tex]
here we know that initially the stone is dropped from rest from the edge of the roof
so here initial speed will be zero
now we have
[tex]v_i = 0[/tex]
also the acceleration of the stone is due to gravity which is given as
[tex]g = 32 ft/s^2[/tex]
now we have
[tex]v_f = 180 ft/s[/tex]
so from above equation
[tex]180^2 - 0 = 2(32)d[/tex]
[tex]d = 506.25 ft[/tex]
Using the equation of motion, we find that the height of the roof from which the stone was dropped is approximately 506.25 feet.
Explanation:The subject question involves a physics concept relating to the motion of objects under the influence of gravity, in particular, the calculation of displacement during free fall. We can solve this problem using one of the fundamental equations of motion: final velocity2 = initial velocity2 + 2*a*d. In this case, initial velocity (u) = 0 (as the stone was dropped), final velocity (v) = -180 feet per second (negative as the stone is moving downwards), and acceleration (a) due to gravity is -32 feet/second2 (negative as gravity acts downward).
Substituting these values, we get:
(-180)2 = (0)2 + 2*(-32)*d.
This simplifies to:
32400 = -64d.
Solving for d (which represents the height of the roof), we get:
d = -32400 / -64 = 506.25 feet. Hence, the roof is approximately 506.25 feet high.
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What is the resistance ofa wire made of a material with resistivity of 3.2 x 10^-8 Ω.m if its length is 2.5 m and its diameter is 0.50 mm?
R = 0.407Ω.
The resistance R of a particular conductor is related to the resistivity ρ of the material by the equation R = ρL/A, where ρ is the material resistivity, L is the length of the material and A is the cross-sectional area of the material.
To calculate the resistance R of a wire made of a material with resistivity of 3.2x10⁻⁸Ω.m, the length of the wire is 2.5m and its diameter is 0.50mm.
We have to use the equation R = ρL/A but first we have to calculate the cross-sectional area of the wire which is a circle. So, the area of a circle is given by A = πr², with r = d/2. The cross-sectional area of the wire is A = πd²/4. Then:
R =[(3.2x10⁻⁸Ω.m)(2.5m)]/[π(0.5x10⁻³m)²/4]
R = 8x10⁻⁸Ω.m²/1.96x10⁻⁷m²
R = 0.407Ω
To determine the resistance of this wire is equal to 0.4082 Ohms.
Given the following data:
Resistivity = [tex]3.2 \times 10^{-8}[/tex] Ω.m.Length = 2.5 mDiameter = 0.50 mm to m = [tex]5\times 10^{-4}[/tex]To determine the resistance of this wire:
How to calculate the resistance.First of all, we would determine the area of the wire by using this formula:
[tex]A =\frac{\pi d^2}{4} \\\\A =\frac{3.142 \times (5\times 10^{-4})^2}{4}\\\\A = 1.96 \times 10^{-7}\;m^2[/tex]
Now, we can determine the resistance of this wire:
[tex]R=\frac{\rho L}{A} \\\\R=\frac{3.2 \times 10^{-8} \times 2.5}{1.96 \times 10^{-7}}[/tex]
Resistance = 0.4082 Ohms.
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Convert the value 43.28 lbf/in3 to standard SI units
Answer:
[tex]43.28\frac{lbf}{in^3}=43.28\times 27460.68\frac{kg}{m^3}=1188498.44\frac{kg}{m^3}[/tex]
Explanation:
Here the given values corresponds to the density of a substance
The density of a substance in standard SI unit is given as Kg/m³.
Given value = 43.28lbf/in³
also
we know,
1 lbf = 0.45kg
1in = 0.0254 m
thus,
[tex]\frac{1lbf}{1in^3}=\frac{0.45kg}{0.0254^3m^3}=27460.68\frac{kg}{m^3}[/tex]
therefore,
[tex]43.28\frac{lbf}{in^3}=43.28\times 27460.68\frac{kg}{m^3}=1188498.44\frac{kg}{m^3}[/tex]
In a region where there is a uniform electric field that is upward and has magnitude 3.80x104 N/C a small object is projected upward with an initial speed of 2.32 m/s The object travels upward a distance of 5.98 cm in 0 200 s. What is the object's charge-to-mass ratio q/m (magnitude and sign)?Assume g 9.80 m/s and ignore air resistance E3? C/kg q/m
Answer:
6.03 x 10^-3 C/Kg
Explanation:
E = 3.8 x 10^4 N/C, u = 2.32 m/s, s = 5.98 cm = 0.0598 m, t = 0.2 s, g = 9.8 m/s^2
Acceleration on object is a .
Use second equation of motion.
S = u t + 1/2 a t^2
0.0598 = 2.32 x 0.2 + 0.5 x a x 0.2 x 0.2
0.0598 = 4.64 + 0.02 x a
a = - 229 m/s^2
Now, F = ma = qE
q / m = a / E = 229 / (3.8 x 10000)
q / m = 6.03 x 10^-3 C/Kg
Calculate the charge-to-mass ratio of the object given initial speed, distance, time, and electric field strength.
Given: Electric field magnitude = 3.80 x 10^4 N/C, initial speed = 2.32 m/s, distance traveled = 5.98 cm, time = 0.200 s, acceleration due to gravity = 9.80 m/s^2.
To find: The object's charge-to-mass ratio (q/m).
Calculations: Determine the acceleration using the provided data, then relate the forces acting on the object (gravity and electric field) to find q/m.
Two cars are initially moving with speeds vA and vB. The cars are decelerated at the same rate until they come to a stop. If it takes car A four times as far to stop as car B, then how do their initial speeds compare?
Answer:
[tex]v_a = 2 v_b[/tex]
Explanation:
As we know that the speed of car A and car B is given by
[tex]v_a[/tex] & [tex]v_b[/tex]
now we know that both cars are decelerated by same deceleration and stopped finally
so the distance moved by the car is given by the equations
[tex]v_f^2 - v_i^2 = 2a d[/tex]
[tex]0 - v_a^2 = 2(-a) d_a[/tex]
[tex]d_a = \frac{v_a^2}{2a}[/tex]
similarly we have
[tex]d_b = \frac{v_b^2}{2a}[/tex]
now we know that
[tex]d_a = 4 d_b[/tex]
[tex]\frac{v_a^2}{2a} = 4 \frac{v_b^2}{2a}[/tex]
[tex]v_a = 2 v_b[/tex]
A motorcycle is moving at 15 m/s when its brakes are applied, bringing the cycle to rest in 5.3 s. To the nearest meter, how far does the motorcycle travel while coming to a stop?
Answer:
Motorcycle travel 39.75 m while coming to a stop
Explanation:
We have equation of motion
v = u + at
Final velocity, v = 0 m/s, u = 15 m/s, t = 5.3 s
0 = 15 + a x 5.3
a = -2.83 m/s²
Now we have the other equation of motion
v² = u² + 2as
0² = 15² - 2 x 2.83 x s
s = 39.75 m
Motorcycle travel 39.75 m while coming to a stop
You know from experiment that a certain solution of fissile material dissolved in liquid is almost exactly critical when placed in a cubical "tank" 40 cm in width. The mixture has thermal diffusion length Lth- 5 cm and thermal diffusion coefficient Dah 1 cm. You need to pump lots of this solution through a long, straight, thin-walled pipe, but you want to make sure that it remains subcritical in the pipe. What is the largest pipe diameter you can use if you want to make sure that the multiplication factor remains smaller than 0.95 no matter how long the pipe is? [For purposes of generating this estimate, assume that PFNL, p, and e remain the same in the pipe as in the cubical tank.]
Ham como assim pq ta em ingles
A light ray incident on a block of glass makes an incident angle of 50.0° with the normal to the surface. The refracted ray in the block makes an 27.7° with the normal. What is the index of refraction of the glass?
Final answer:
To find the index of refraction of the glass, we can use Snell's law, which states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the velocities of the light in the two media.
Explanation:
To find the index of refraction of the glass, we can use Snell's law, which states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the velocities of the light in the two media:
n1 * sin(θ1) = n2 * sin(θ2)
Given that the incident angle is 50.0° and the refracted angle is 27.7°, we can plug in the values to find the index of refraction:
n1 * sin(50.0°) = n2 * sin(27.7°)
The index of refraction of the glass is the ratio of the index of refraction of the glass to the index of refraction of air, which is approximately 1:
n2 / n1 = 1 / sin(27.7°)
A planet is 15 light years from earth. At which of the following speeds will the crew of a spaceship complete the trip to the planet in 8 years?
A) 0.78c
B) 0.85c
C) 0.88c
D) 0.92c
Answer:
option c) 0.88c is the correct answer
Explanation:
using the Lorrentz equation we have
[tex]t=\frac{d}{v}\sqrt{1-(\frac{v}{c})^2}[/tex]
where,
t = time taken to cover the distance
d = Distance
v = velocity
c = speed of light
given
d = 15 light years
Now,
[tex]8years=\frac{15years\times c}{v}\sqrt{1-(\frac{v}{c})^2}[/tex]
or
[tex](\frac{v}{c})^2\times (\frac{8}{15})^2=1-(\frac{v}{c})^2[/tex]
or
[tex](\frac{v}{c})^2\times 0.284=1-(\frac{v}{c})^2[/tex]
or
[tex](\frac{v}{c})^2\times 0.284 + (\frac{v}{c})^2 =1[/tex]
or
[tex](1.284\times \frac{v}{c})^2 =1[/tex]
or
[tex] (\frac{v}{c}) =\sqrt{\frac{1}{0.284}}[/tex]
or
[tex]v=0.88c[/tex]
A spring that has a force constant of 1050 N/m is mounted vertically on the ground. A block of mass 1.95 kg is dropped from rest from height of 1.75 m above the free end of the spring. By what distance does the spring compress?
Answer:
25.2 cm
Explanation:
K = 1050 N/m
m = 1.95 kg
h = 1.75 m
By the conservation of energy, the potential energy of the block is converted into the potential energy stored in the spring
m g h = 1/2 x k x y^2
Where, y be the distance by which the spring is compressed.
1.95 x 9.8 x 1.75 = 1/2 x 1050 x y^2
33.44 = 525 x y^2
y = 0.252 m
y = 25.2 cm
The spring will compress by approximately 25.3 cm when a 1.95 kg block is dropped from a height of 1.75 m due to the conversion of gravitational potential energy into elastic potential energy.
Explanation:The student's question is regarding the compression of a spring due to the gravitational potential energy of a mass that was dropped onto it. This problem can be solved by using the conservation of energy principle, where the potential energy of the block (due to its height) is converted into the spring's elastic potential energy when the spring is compressed.
To find the compression distance (x), we use the following steps:
Calculate the gravitational potential energy (PE) of the block using PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the block, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2), and h is the height from which the block is dropped.Set the potential energy equal to the spring's elastic potential energy formula Us = 1/2 kx2, where k is the spring constant, and x is the compression distance.Solve for x to find the compression distance.First we calculate the gravitational potential energy:
PE = mgh = (1.95 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(1.75 m) = 33.637875 J
Then we set this equal to the spring's potential energy and solve for x:
33.637875 J = 1/2 (1050 N/m) x2
x2 = (2 * 33.637875 J) / (1050 N/m)
x2 = 0.064067619
x = 0.253 J
Therefore, the spring compresses by approximately 0.253 meters or 25.3 centimeters.
A 0.0811 kg ice cube at 0 °C is dropped into a Styrofoam cup holding 0.397 kg of water at 14.8 °C. Calculate the final temperature of the system. Assume the cup and the surroundings can be ignored.
Final answer:
The question revolves around the final temperature of a mixture of ice and water in a thermally insulated system. The specific heats and enthalpy of fusion are required to solve, but the proper method involves using the conservation of energy.
Explanation:
The student is asking about the final temperature of a system consisting of a 0.0811 kg ice cube at 0°C and 0.397 kg of water at 14.8°C. To solve this, we can use the principle of conservation of energy, stating that the heat lost by the water will equal the heat gained by the ice cube as it warms up, melts, and then possibly continues to heat up as water. However, without knowing the specific heat capacities and the enthalpy of fusion, we cannot provide a numerical answer. Given the specific heats and the heat of fusion, one would set up an equation where the heat lost by the water equals the heat gained by the ice, and solve for the final temperature. The specific heat of water, the specific heat of ice, and the enthalpy of fusion of ice would be necessary information to perform actual calculations.
A rock climber hangs freely from a nylon rope that is 15 m long and has a diameter of 8.3 mm. If the rope stretches 5.1 cm, what is the mass of the climber? Young's modulus for nylon is Y=0.37Ã10^10N/m^2.
Answer:
Mass of the climber = 69.38 kg
Explanation:
Change in length
[tex]\Delta L=\frac{PL}{AE}[/tex]
Load, P = m x 9.81 = 9.81m
Young's modulus, Y = 0.37 x 10¹⁰ N/m²
Area
[tex]A=\frac{\pi (8.3\times 10^{-3})^2}{4}=5.41\times 10^{-5}m^2[/tex]
Length, L = 15 m
ΔL = 5.1 cm = 0.051 m
Substituting
[tex]0.051=\frac{9.81m\times 15}{5.41\times 10^{-5}\times 0.37\times 10^{10}}\\\\m=69.38kg[/tex]
Mass of the climber = 69.38 kg
The diffusion rate for a solute is 4.0 x 10^-11 kg/s in a solvent- filled channel that has a cross-sectional area of 0.50 cm^2 and a length of 0.25 cm. What would be the diffusion rate mlt in a channel with a cross- sectional area of 0.30 cm^2 and a length of 0.10 cm?
To find the diffusion rate in the second channel, we can use a formula that takes into account the cross-sectional area and length of the channels. Substituting the given values and simplifying the expression will give the diffusion rate in the second channel.
Explanation:The diffusion rate is determined by several factors, including the concentration difference, the diffusion constant, temperature, and the size of the molecules. In this case, the diffusion rate in the first channel is given as 4.0 x 10^(-11) kg/s. To find the diffusion rate in the second channel, we can use the formula:
diffusion rate = (cross-sectional area of second channel / cross-sectional area of first channel) x (length of second channel / length of first channel) x diffusion rate of first channel
Substituting the given values:
diffusion rate = (0.30 cm^2 / 0.50 cm^2) x (0.10 cm / 0.25 cm) x (4.0 x 10^(-11) kg/s)
Simplifying the expression will give the diffusion rate in the second channel.
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The new diffusion rate in a channel with a cross-sectional area of 0.30 cm² and a length of 0.10 cm would be 6.0 x 10⁻¹¹ kg/s.
The diffusion rate for a solute in a solvent-filled channel is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area and inversely proportional to the length of the channel. Given that the initial diffusion rate is 4.0 x 10-11 kg/s in a channel with an area of 0.50 cm² and length 0.25 cm, to calculate the diffusion rate in a new channel with a different area and length, we use the equation:
Diffusion rate (new) = (Area (new) / Area (old)) x (Length (old) / Length (new)) x Diffusion rate (old)
Substituting the given values:
Diffusion rate (new) = (0.30 cm² / 0.50 cm²) x (0.25 cm / 0.10 cm) x 4.0 x 10⁻¹¹ kg/s
Diffusion rate (new) = (0.60) x (2.50) x 4.0 x 10⁻¹¹ kg/s
Diffusion rate (new) = 6.0 x 10⁻¹¹ kg/s
This calculation shows how the diffusion rate changes when altering the channel's dimensions.
A spring suspended vertically is 11.9 cm long. When you suspend a 37 g weight from the spring, at rest, the spring is 21.5 cm long. Next you pull down on the weight so the spring is 25.2 cm long and you release the weight from rest. What is the period of oscillation?
Answer:
Time period of oscillations is 0.62 s
Explanation:
Due to suspension of weight the change in the length of the spring is given as
[tex]\Delta L = L_f - L_i[/tex]
[tex]\Delta L = 21.5 - 11.9 = 9.6 cm[/tex]
now we know that spring is stretched due to its weight so at equilibrium the force due to weight is counter balanced by the spring force
[tex]mg = kx[/tex]
[tex]0.037 (9.81) = k(0.096)[/tex]
[tex]k = 3.78 N/m[/tex]
Now the period of oscillation of spring is given as
[tex]T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}[/tex]
Now plug in all values in it
[tex]T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{0.037}{3.78}}[/tex]
[tex]T = 0.62 s[/tex]
The period of the oscillation for the spring with a spring constant of 3.78 N/m will be 0.7316 sec.
What is the value of the spring constant?We know that the formula of the spring force is written as,
[tex]F = k \times \delta[/tex]
Given to us,
weight on the spring, F = 37 g = (9.81 x 0.037) = 0.36297 N
Deflection in spring, δ = (21.5 - 11.9) = 9.6 cm = 0.096 m
Substitute the value,
[tex]0.36297 = k \times 0.096\\k= 3.78\rm\ N/m[/tex]
What is the force that is been applied to the spring?We know that the weight is been pulled down therefore, an external force is been applied to the spring to extend it further to 25.2 cm.
We know that the formula of the spring force is written as,
[tex]F = k \times \delta[/tex]
Given to us
Deflection in the spring, δ = (25.2 - 11.9) = 13.3 cm = 0.133 m
Spring constant, k = 3.78 N/m
Substitute the values,
[tex]F = 3.78 \times 0.133\\\\F = 0.5\\\\m \times g = 0.5\\\\m = 0.05125\rm\ kg[/tex]
What is the period of oscillation?We know the formula for the period of oscillation is given as,
[tex]T = 2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{m}{k}}[/tex]
Substitute the values,
m = 0.05125 kg
k = 3.78 N/m
[tex]T = 2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{0.05125}{3.78}}\\T = 0.7316\rm\ sec[/tex]
Hence, the period of the oscillation for the spring with a spring constant of 3.78 N/m will be 0.7316 sec.
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At the equator, near the surface of Earth, the magnetic field is approximately 80.0 μT northward and the electric field is about 150 N/C downward in fair weather. Find the gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces on an electron with instantaneous velocity of 6.00 106 m/s directed to the east in this environment.
Answer:
Gravitational force = 89.18 x 10^-31 N
Electric force = 2.4 x 10^-17 N
Magnetic force = 7.68 x 10^-17 N
Explanation:
B = 80 micro tesla = 80 x 10^-6 T north
E = 150 N/C downward
v = 6 x 10^6 m/s east
Gravitational force = m g = 9.1 x 10^-31 x 9.8 = 89.18 x 10^-31 N
Electric force = q E = 1.6 x 10^-19 x 150 = 2.4 x 10^-17 N
Magnetic force = q v B Sin 90 = 1.6 x 10^-19 x 6 x 10^6 x 80 x 10^-6
= 7.68 x 10^-17 N
The total electromagnetic power emitted by the sun is 3.8 × 1026 W. What is the radiation pressure on a totally absorbing satellite at the orbit of Mercury, which has an orbital radius of 5.8 × 1010 m?
Answer:
[tex]3.0\cdot 10^{-5} N/m^2[/tex]
Explanation:
The intensity of the radiation at the location of the satellite is given by:
[tex]I=\frac{P}{4\pi r^2}[/tex]
where
[tex]P=3.8\cdot 10^{26}W[/tex] is the power of the emitted radiation
[tex]4\pi r^2[/tex] is the area over which the radiation is emitted (the surface of a sphere), with
[tex]r=5.8\cdot 10^{10}m[/tex] being the radius of the orbit
Substituting,
[tex]I=\frac{3.8\cdot 10^{26}}{4\pi (5.8\cdot 10^{10})^2}=8989 W/m^2[/tex]
Now we can find the pressure of radiation, that for a totally absorbing surface (such as the satellite) is:
[tex]p=\frac{I}{c}[/tex]
where
[tex]c=3.0\cdot 10^8 m/s[/tex]
is the speed of light. Substituting,
[tex]p=\frac{8989}{3.0\cdot 10^8}=3.0\cdot 10^{-5} N/m^2[/tex]
A hoop (I = MR2) of mass 3 kg and radius 1.1 m is rolling at a center-of-mass speed of 11 m/s. An external force does 842 J of work on the hoop. What is the new speed of the center of mass of the hoop (in m/s)? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
Answer:
[tex]v_f = 20 m/s[/tex]
Explanation:
Since the hoop is rolling on the floor so its total kinetic energy is given as
[tex]KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 + \frac{1}{2} I\omega^2[/tex]
now for pure rolling condition we will have
[tex]v = R\omega[/tex]
also we have
[tex]I = mR^2[/tex]
now we will have
[tex]KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 + \frac{1}{2}(mR^2)\frac{v^2}{R^2}[/tex]
[tex]KE = mv^2[/tex]
now by work energy theorem we can say
[tex]W = KE_f - KE_i[/tex]
[tex]842 J = mv_f^2 - mv_i^2[/tex]
[tex]842 = 3(v_f^2) - 3\times 11^2[/tex]
now solve for final speed
[tex]v_f = 20 m/s[/tex]
By how much is the energy stored in a Hooke's law spring increased when its stretch is increased from 7.00 cm to 15.00 cm? a) 159% b) 259% c) 359% d) 459%?
Answer:
c) 359%
Explanation:
k = spring constant of the spring
x₁ = initial stretch of the spring = 7 cm = 0.07 m
x₂ = final stretch of the spring = 15 cm = 0.15 m
Percentage increase in energy is given as
[tex]\frac{\Delta U \times 100}{U_{1}}=\frac{((0.5)k{x_{2}}^{2} - {(0.5)k x_{1}}^{2})(100)}{(0.5)k{x_{1}}^{2}}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{\Delta U \times 100}{U_{1}}=\frac{({x_{2}}^{2} - {x_{1}}^{2})(100)}{{x_{1}}^{2}}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{\Delta U \times 100}{U_{1}}=\frac{({0.15}^{2} - {0.07}^{2})(100)}{{0.07}^{2}}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{\Delta U \times 100}{U_{1}}[/tex] = 359%
Three resistors, R1 = 10 Ω, R2 = 20 Ω and R3 = 30 Ω are connected in series to a 12 V battery. Find: a. The equivalent resistance of the circuit. b. The current in each resistor. c. The voltage across each resistor. d. The power lost in each resistor.
Explanation:
a) The equivalent resistance for resistors in series is the sum:
R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
R = 10 Ω + 20 Ω + 30 Ω
R = 60 Ω
b) The resistors are in series, so they have the same current.
I = V/R
I = 12 V / 60 Ω
I = 0.2 A
c) The voltage drop can be found with Ohm's law:
V₁ = I R₁ = (0.2 A) (10 Ω) = 2 V
V₂ = I R₂ = (0.2 A) (20 Ω) = 4 V
V₃ = I R₃ = (0.2 A) (30 Ω) = 6 V
d) The power lost in each resistor is current times voltage drop:
P₁ = I V₁ = (0.2 A) (2 V) = 0.4 W
P₂ = I V₂ = (0.2 A) (4 V) = 0.8 W
P₃ = I V₃ = (0.2 A) (6 V) = 1.2 W
(a) The equivalent resistance of the circuit is 60 Ω.
(b) The current in each resistor is 0.2 A.
(c) The voltage across each resistor is 2 V, 4 V, and 6 V respectively.
(d) The power lost in each resistor is 0.4 W, 0.8 W and 1.2 W.
Equivalent resistance
The equivalent resistance of the circuit is determined as follows;
Rt = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
Rt = 10 + 20 + 30
Rt = 60 Ω
Current in the resistorThe current in the resistors is calculated as follows;
V = IR
I = V/R
I = 12/60
I = 0.2 A
Voltage across each resistorV1 =IR1 = 0.2 x 10 = 2 V
V2 = IR2 = 0.2 x 20 = 4 V
V3 = 0.2 x 30 = 6 V
Power lost in each resistorP1 = I²R1 = (0.2)² x 10 = 0.4 W
P2 = I²R2 = (0.2)² x 20 = 0.8 W
P3 = I²R3 = (0.2)² x 30 = 1.2 W
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A uniform solid sphere of radius r = 0.490 m and mass m = 13.5 kg turns counterclockwise about a vertical axis through its center (when viewed from above). Find its vector angular momentum about this axis when its angular speed is 2.9 rad/s.
Answer:
Vector angular momentum about this axis of the sphere is:
L= 3.76[tex]\hat k[/tex] kg-m²/sec
Explanation:
The formula for the moment of inertia of a sphere is:
[tex]I=\frac{2}{5}\times MR^2[/tex]
Given:
Mass of the sphere = 13.5 kg
Radius of the sphere = 0.490 m
Thus, moment of inertia :
[tex]I=\frac{2}{5}\times 13.5\times (0.490)^2 kg\ m^2[/tex]
[tex]I=1.29654 kg\ m^2[/tex]
The expression for the angular momentum is:
L=I×ω
Given:
Angular speed(ω) = 2.9 rad/s
I, above calculated = 1.29654 kgm⁻²
Thus, angular momentum is:
L= 1.29654×2.9 kg-m²/sec
L= 3.76 kg-m²/sec
Given, the sphere is turning counterclockwise about the vertical axis. Thus, the direction of the angular momentum will be on the upper side of the plane. ( [tex]+\hat k[/tex] ).
Thus, angular momentum with direction is:
L= 3.76[tex]\hat k[/tex] kg-m²/sec
Frequency and amplitude of a particle in simple harmonic motion A particle moves in simple harmonic motion. Knowing that the maximum velocity is 200 mm/s and the maximum acceleration is 13 m/s , determine the amplitude and frequency of the motion. Amplitude of the motion xm 1mm. Frequency of the motion勿 Hz.
Answer:
amplitude, a = 3.076 mm
frequency, f = 10.35 Hz
Explanation:
Vmax = 200 mm /s = 0.2 m/s
Amax = 13 m/s
Let f be the frequency and a be the amplitude.
Use the formula of maximum velocity.
Vmax = ω a
0.2 = ω a ..... (1)
Use the formula of maximum acceleration.
Amax = ω^2 x a
13 = ω^2 a ..... (2)
Divide equation (2) by (1)
ω = 13 / 0.2 = 65 rad/s
Put in equation (1)
0.2 = 65 x a
a = 3.076 x 10^-3 m
a = 3.076 mm
Let f be the frequency
ω = 2 π f
f = 65 / (2 x 3.14) = 10.35 Hz
A piece of cork (density 250 kg/m3 ) of mass 0.01 kg is held in place under water (density 1000 kg/m3 ) by a string. What is the tension, T, in the string? [Use g = 10 m/s2 ]
Answer:
0.3 N
Explanation:
mass of cork = 0.01 kg, density of cork = 250 kg/m^3
density of water = 1000 kg/m^3, g = 10 m/s^2
Tension in the rope = Buoyant force acting on the cork - Weight of the cork
Buoyant force = volume of cork x density of water x g
= mass x density of water x g / density of cork
= 0.01 x 1000 x 10 / 250 = 0.4 N
Weight of cork = mass of cork x g = 0.01 x 10 = 0.1 N
Thus, the tension in the rope = 0.4 - 0.1 = 0.3 N
Answer:
Tension = 0.3 N
Explanation:
As we know that the cork is inside water
so the buoyancy force on the cork is counter balanced by tension force in string and weight of the block
So the force equation is given as
[tex]F_b = T + mg[/tex]
now we will have
[tex]Volume = \frac{mass}{density}[/tex]
[tex]V = \frac{0.01}{250} = 4 \times 10^{-5} m^3[/tex]
now buoyancy force on the block is given by
[tex]F_b = \rho V g[/tex]
[tex]F_b = 1000(4 \times 10^{-5})(10)[/tex]
[tex]F_b = 0.4 N[/tex]
now by force balance equation
[tex]0.4 = T + 0.01(10)[/tex]
[tex]T = 0.4 - 0.1 = 0.3 N[/tex]
A tightly wound solenoid of 1600 turns, cross-sectional area of 6.00 cm2, and length of 20.0 cm carries a current of 2.80 A. (a) What is its inductance? (b) If the cross-sectional area is doubled, does anything happen to the value of the inductance? Explain your answer.
Answer:
(a) 9.65 mH
(b) doubled
Explanation:
A = 6 cm^2 = 6 x 10^-4 m^2, l = 20 cm = 0.2 m, i = 2.8 A, N = 1600
(a) The formula for the self inductance of a solenoid is given by
L = μ0 N^2 A / l
L = 4 x 3.14 x 10^-7 x 1600 x 1600 x 6 x 10^-4 / 0.2
L = 9.65 x 10^-3 H
L = 9.65 mH
(b) As we observe that the inductance is proportional to the area so if the area is doubled, then inductance is also doubled.
A spherical, non-conducting shell of inner radius r1 = 10 cm and outer radius r2 = 15 cm carries a total charge Q = 15 μC distributed uniformly throughout the volume of the shell. What is the magnitude of the electric field at a distance r = 12 cm from the center of the shell? (k = 1/4πε0 = 8.99 × 109 N ∙ m2/C2)
Answer:
Explanation: r₂ = 15 x 10⁻³ m ; r = 12 x 10⁻³m ; r₁ = 10 x 10⁻³ m
E = Q /4π∈r²x ( r³ - r₁ ³) / ( r₂³ - r₁³ )
= 15 x 10⁻⁶ x 8.99 x 10⁹x( 12³ - 10³ ) / ( 15³- 10³ ) X 12³
= 23.92 N/C
The electric field is the force acting on a charge located in a region in space. The electric field at a distance r from the center of the shell is 2.8x10⁶N/C
What is the electric field?The electric field (E) can be defined as a region in the space that interacts with electric charges or charged bodies through electric forces.
It is a vectorial field in which an electric charge (q) suffers the effect of the electric force (F). In other words, it represents the force that is acting on a charge located in a certain region.
E = F/q
It is expressed in newton/coulomb (N/C)
In the exposed example, we have the following data,
spherical, non-conducting shellinner radius r1 = 10 cmouter radius r2 = 15 cmcharge Q = 15 μC uniformly throughout the volume of the shelldistance r = 12 cm from the center of the shellk = 1/4πε₀ = 8.99 × 10⁹ N ∙ m²/C²We need to get the value of the electric field at the given distance r.
E = Q/4πεr² = kQ/r²
Since the r value is located between r1 and r2, we need to get the electric field at that intermedia distance, r. This is a new ratio.
The total charge Q is distributed in the whole area of the shell thickness or density, delimited by r1 and r2.
But to get the electric field at the intermedia distance, r, we only need to get the charge q lower than Q and distributed between the r and r1, which represents a volume v lower than the total volume V of the shell.
So to get the q value, we need to consider the charge volumetric density, σ.
σ = Q/V
Where
Q is the total chargeV is the total volumeBut to get Q/V, we need to get the total shell volume value, V.
V = 4/3 π r³
V = 4/3 π (r2³ - r1³)
V = 4/3 π (0.15³ - 0.1³)
V = 4/3 π (0.00237)
V = 0.00993m³
Now that we have the total volume, and we know the value of the total charge, we need to get the density of the shell.
σ = Q/V
σ = 15 μC / 0.00993m³
σ = 15x10⁻⁶ C / 0.00993m³
σ = 0.00151 C/m³
Now, we will calculate the volume v between r and r1, which is what we are interested in.
v = 4/3 π r³
v = 4/3 π (r³ - r1³)
v = 4/3 π (0.12³ - 0.1³)
v = 4/3 π (0.0007)
v = 0.00305m³
Finally, using this new v value and the σ value, we can get the charge q distributed throughout the volume v.
q = vσ
q = 0.00305m³ x 0.00151 C/m³
q = 4.6x10⁻⁶ C
Now we can get the electric field at a distance r from the center of the shell
E = kq/r²
E = ((8.99 × 10⁹ N ∙ m²/C²) x (4.6x10⁻⁶ C) ) / 0.12²m
E = 2.8x10⁶N/C
Hence, the electric field at a distance r is 2.8x10⁶N/C
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A space probe is orbiting a planet on a circular orbit of radius R and a speed v. The acceleration of the probe is a. Suppose rockets on the probe are fired causing the probe to move to another circular orbit of radius 0.5R and speed 2v. What is the magnitude of the probe’s acceleration in the new orbit?
Answer:
acceleration in the new orbit is 8 time of acceleration of planet in old orbit
[tex]a_{new} = 8a.[/tex]
Explanation:
given data:
radius of orbit = R
Speed pf planet = v
new radius = 0.5R
new speed = 2v
we know that acce;ration is given as
[tex]a = \frac{v^{2}}{R},[/tex]
[tex]a_{new} =\frac{(2v)^{2}}{0.5R},[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{4v^{2}}{0.5R}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{8 v^{2}}{R}[/tex]
[tex]a_{new} = 8a.[/tex]
acceleration in the new orbit is 8 time of acceleration of planet in old orbit
The magnitude of the probe’s acceleration in the new orbit is 8 times the magnitude of the probe’s acceleration in the old orbit.
What is centripetal acceleration?The acceleration acted on the body moving in a closed circular path towards the center of the curve is known as centripetal acceleration. Due to centripetal acceleration, the body is able to move in a closed circular path.
[tex]a_C=\frac{V^{2} }{R}[/tex]
For old orbit
the radius of orbit = R
Speed pf planet = v
[tex]a_C=\frac{V^{2} }{R}[/tex]
For new orbits
new radius = 0.5R
new speed = 2v
[tex]a_C=\frac{(2V)^{2} }{0.5R}[/tex]³
[tex]a_C=\frac{8V^{2} }{R}[/tex]
Hence,
[tex]a_C_{new}=8a_C__{old}[/tex]
The magnitude of the probe’s acceleration in the new orbit is 8 times the magnitude of the probe’s acceleration in the old orbit.
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