Answer:
E. rER \to Golgi \to secretory vesicle \to environment
Explanation:
A protein that is normally localized in the cytoplasm has been engineered so that it will be secreted from the cell instead will follow the following sequence:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) (where the protien is being snthesized)-------------> Golgi apparatus (where the sorting and packaging of the protien occurs)-----------------------> Secretory vesicles-------------------------> Environment.
Hence E. rER \to Golgi \to secretory vesicle \to environment is the right answer.
what is heterotrophs
Answer:
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food
Explanation:
Final answer:
Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and must obtain it by consuming other organisms. They are dependent on autotrophs for energy-rich compounds, highlighting the interconnectedness of ecosystems. Heterotrophs include animals, fungi, and many protists and bacteria.
Explanation:
Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot manufacture their own food through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis and must, therefore, acquire it by consuming other organisms. These organisms gain the energy and carbon they require from food sources ranging from plants to other animals or organic molecules, which trace back to autotrophs that convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. Heterotrophs can be classified as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers, based on their dietary habits.
Heterotrophs include not only animals and fungi but many protists and bacteria as well. Their survival is intricately linked to the presence of autotrophs, as the latter produce the fundamental energy-rich organic compounds that heterotrophs consume. Even in more complex food chains, the energy ingested by heterotrophs originates from autotrophs, showcasing the interconnected nature of all life within an ecosystem.
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing is a symptom of
Explanation:
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing is a symptom of damage to the premotor cortex
Every move the body makes is due to the brain's ability to send signals to the right muscles
All of this occurs in a part of the brain called the motor cortex region
The motor cortex has three main parts: the primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the premotor cortex
The motor region controls all voluntary movements, from planning them to carrying them out
The premotor cortex is located just in front of the primary motor cortex in the brain
Its main role is to prepare the body's muscles for the exact movements that we will make or we can say it helps us to control our movements
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing is a symptom of Apraxia
Why can't he play the keyboard?The neurological condition known as apraxia is characterized by an inability to carry out or perform taught skillful motions or actions, even though one is physically capable of doing so.
It can affect many different aspects of motor function, including the fine motor abilities needed for activities like playing an instrument or making intricate movements. Brain injuries like strokes, severe brain injuries, or neurodegenerative illnesses are the most common causes of apraxia.
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The Miller-Urey experiment showed:_________
a) life could be generated in their apparatus after one week.
b) the essential biological molecules associated with living organisms could be generated in an "abiotic" environment.
c) the essential biological molecules associated with life cannot be generated in an "abiotic" environment.
d) conditions in the "primitive Earth environment" could have generated complex molecules.
Answer:
D. They used simple molecules from early times and put them in a simulation from that time and it made complex ones that we have now.
Describe how and why dichotomous keys are
used.
Answer:
A dichotomous key is a guide that helps the consumer to identify things such as plants, wildflowers, mammals, snakes, rocks and fish in the natural world. Keys are a set of options, which direct the user to a given item's correct name.
Explanation:
What are the primary atoms that make up the scents that we smell? 2. is scent subjective? why or why not? 3. what are the two different theories of odor? what does turin argue is wrong with one of the theories? 4. how is science contributing to the creation of scented products and perfumes? 5. how are scents or fragrances used in cosmetology? why would a cosmetologist need to be aware of scents and fragrances?
Answer: seen below
Explanation:
1) The olfactory receptor can recognize and respond to different ordor, For humans, most odorant molecules are made up of combinations of 5 kinds of atoms: these are, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
2) yes, scent is subjective. This is because there is likely variation in people's sensitivity to odor or personal appreciation of different odors. Not everyone smells the same thing.
3) The two proposed theories for the mechanics of scent recognition are; vibration theory and shape theory which is also called the lock and key model. The main problem with one of Turin theories is that we can't currently predict odor character from vibration any better than we can from shape. That is we are still terrible at predicting ordor character from molecular structure.
4) Science has contributed to the creation of scented products and perfumes by having chemical Mixtures Tested in labs and addition of substances for smell.
5) Scents or fragrances are used in cosmetology as perfumes, lotions, shampoos, face washes, body cream, conditioners, etc. Cosmetologist need to be aware of scents and fragrances because if a perfume had a scent that did not smell right then no one would want to purchase their product.
1) The olfactory receptor can recognize and respond to different odor, For humans, most odorant molecules are made up of combinations of 5 kinds of atoms: these are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
2) Yes, scent is subjective it is because there is likely variation in people's sensitivity to odor or personal appreciation of different odors. Not everyone smells the same thing.
3) The two proposed theories for the mechanics of scent recognition are: vibration theory and shape theory which is also called the lock and key model. The main problem with one of Turin theories is that it can't currently predict odor character from vibration any better than we can from shape.
4) Science has contributed to the creation of scented products and perfumes by having chemical Mixtures tested in labs and addition of substances for smell.
5) Scents or fragrances are used in cosmetology as perfumes, lotions, shampoos, face washes, body cream, conditioners, etc.
Cosmetologist need to be aware of scents and fragrances because if a perfume had a scent that did not smell right then no one would want to purchase their product.
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The function of antibodies is to A. inject toxins into living pathogens. B. mark pathogenic cells for destruction. C. act as Toll-like receptors. D. release perforins to disrupt infected cells. E. secrete cytokines that attract macrophages to infection sites.
Answer:
Mark pathogenic cells for destruction. (Ans. B)
Explanation:
Antibodies are generated by the plasma cells, and once these secreted, they attach quickly to the surface of the toxin and stop the toxin from infecting the normal body cell by blocking key extracellular sites.
Antibodies also help to mark pathogens for destruction by the help of macrophages or neutrophils and they are known as phagocytic cells because they are highly excited to macro-molecules complexed with antibodies.
Check all statements below that are true.
All organisms must compete for survival.
When organisms struggle to survive, they usually mutate to increase chances of reproduction.
Some organisms have phenotypes that make them better competitors than others in their
environment
Animals undergo natural selection, but plants and other organisms generally do not.
Natural selection continues to occur even today.
Phenotypes found in the most successful members of a species become the most prevalent afte
several generations.
A decrease in food availability will increase the variation in a population.
DONE
Answer:
1, 3, 5, & 6
Explanation:
Just did it
At 20°C the enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of polysaccharides functions at 1 reaction every 20 microseconds. If this enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis reactions of a very long polysaccharide molecule for 120 microseconds, into how many segments would this long polysaccharide be cut?
Answer:
Seven segments
Explanation:
As given in the question -
After every twenty microseconds one reaction occurs i.e breakdown of polysaccharides.
This means that after every twenty microseconds the polysaccharides is broken down
The total time for this hydrolysis reaction is [tex]120[/tex] micro seconds
Thus , there will be six phases of division each after every twenty microseconds
After 1st twenty microseconds , total segments is equal to two
After 2nd twenty microseconds , total segments is equal to three
After 3rd twenty microseconds , total segments is equal to four
After 4th twenty microseconds , total segments is equal to five
After 5th twenty microseconds , total segments is equal to six
After 6th twenty microseconds , total segments is equal to seven
The enzyme amylase would cut the long polysaccharide into 6 segments.
Explanation:Enzymes play a crucial role in breaking down macromolecules in our bodies. Specifically, amylase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down polysaccharides such as starch into smaller glucose molecules. Given that the enzyme functions at a rate of 1 reaction every 20 microseconds at 20°C, and it catalyzes the reaction for 120 microseconds, we can calculate the number of segments the long polysaccharide would be cut into.
First, we can determine the number of reactions that occur in 120 microseconds by dividing the total time by the rate of the enzyme: 120 microseconds / 20 microseconds per reaction = 6 reactions.
Since each reaction cuts the polysaccharide into smaller segments, the long polysaccharide would be cut into 6 segments in this case.
After the drought of 1977, researchers on the island of Daphne Major hypothesized that medium ground finches that had large, deep beaks, survived better than those with smaller beaks because they could more easily crack and eat the tough Tribulus cistoides fruits. If this hypothesis is correct, what would you expect to observe if a population of these medium ground finches colonizes a nearby island where Tribulus cistoides is the most abundant food for the next 1000 years?
Assume that (1) even the survivors of the 1977 drought sometimes had difficulty cracking the tough T. cistoides fruits and would eat other seeds when offered a choice; and (2) food availability is the primary limit on finch fitness on this new island.
A) evolution of yet larger, deeper beaks over time
B) evolution of smaller, pointier beaks over time
C) random fluctuations in beak size and shape
D) no change in beak size and shape
How might an RNA-based genome result in an increased infection rate? What are some potential complications to this infection strategy?
RNA-based genomes can increase infection rates due to RNA viruses' adaptability and mutation rates. However, there are potential complications, such as drug resistance and the generation of new viral strains through recombination events.
Explanation:Viruses can increase infection rates with an RNA-based genome through various mechanisms. For example, RNA viruses generally have higher mutation rates than DNA viruses, allowing them to adapt quickly to evade the host's immune system. This increased adaptability can result in higher infection rates. Additionally, some RNA viruses encode their own enzymes to replicate their genomes, which can result in errors during replication and lead to generating new viral strains with increased infectivity.
However, there can be potential complications to this infection strategy. The high mutation rate of RNA viruses can also lead to the development of drug resistance, making it difficult to treat infections effectively. Furthermore, some RNA-based genomes may have a higher likelihood of recombination events, which can generate new viral strains with different virulence or host tropism, contributing to the potential complications of RNA-based infection strategies.
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I don't usually ask questions for school, I'm just curious. Well, if you look up 'savant syndrome', you'll understand this better. But, I'll give a run-down anyway. Savants are usually born with their condition. It is where the left side of the brain is malformed, or damaged in some way. Another common group is people with autism. This is called 'autistic savants'. Now, there is a way to acquire it after birth. If the left side of your brain gets damaged-from blunt head trauma or other- the right side will over-compensate, and you'll have savant-like abilities. Now, this isn't a guarantee, if you're going to hit your head like that, so put down that rock. Anyway, sorry for all that explaining. Now for my question: If acquired savant syndrome is a thing, can we do a 'controlled damaging' in someway? Because, if it's possible to make humans more efficient in some fields of skill like this, wouldn't it be possible to do it on purpose?
Answer:
yeah
Explanation:
everything is possible. thats why we scientists are here in this world. to create things for the benefit of mankind. i personally believe its possible
explain how a gene from one organism can be inserted into a bacterium yo produce a genetically modified bacterium
Answer:
The genetically modified plasmid is introduced into a new bacteria or yeast cell.
Explanation:
This cell then divides rapidly and starts making insulin. To create large amounts of the cells, the genetically modified bacteria or yeast are grown in large fermentation vessels that contain all the nutrients they need.
A certain substance inhibits sleep, increases alertness, and speeds up central nervous system. It easily becomes habit forming, with rapid development of tolerance. Chronic users experience paranoid delusions and brain damage. What drug is this?
When they sleep the want to reduce the high number of risk in the chronic.
What is nervous system?Signals are sent from the brain to the rest of the body, including the internal organs, via the nervous system.
Thus, the nervous system's activity regulates a variety of functions, including the capacity to move, breathe, see, and think.
The nerve cell, or neuron, is the building block of the neurological system. There are around 100 billion neurons in the human brain. A neuron has a cell body, which contains the cell nucleus, as well as distinct extensions known as axons and dendrites.
Therefore, When they sleep the want to reduce the high number of risk in the chronic.
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Fungi:_____
a) are single-celled organisms are filled with chlorophyll release enzymes that digest cells.
b) are least likely to attach hair covered areas of the body obtain their food by photosynthesis
The island of Guam traditionally has not had any snakes that prey on birds; however, brown tree snakes that prey upon birds were introduced. Use your knowledge of wolf-moose population dynamics to determine what happened to the population dynamics of birds and the new snakes on Guam. Which statement is probably one of the results of the snake introduction?
Since, the options have not been given the question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows:
The island of Guam traditionally has not had any snakes that prey on birds; however, brown tree snakes that prey upon birds were introduced. Use your knowledge of wolf-moose population dynamics to determine what happened to the population dynamics of birds and the new snakes on Guam. Which statement is probably one of the results of the snake introduction?
Because prey was abundant and few predators existed, snakes spread throughout the island.; Snake populations increased exponentially as they preyed upon birds that had no defenses against the predators.; As snake populations became very large, they reached the carrying capacity of Guam and caused bird populations to crash.; Because bird populations crashed, one of the birds' main prey items, spiders, increased their population size.
Answer: Because bird populations crashed, one of the birds' main prey items, spiders, increased their population size.
Explanation:
The wolf-moose population dynamics suggests that if the population of the moose increases the wolves will get more food and will increase in number whereas if the population of moose decrease the wolves will also decrease. This describes the predator-prey relationship.
According to the given situation, all the statements describes the predator prey relationship between birds and snake. The snake population will increase in the Island due to the availability of birds as food. But the statement, Because bird populations crashed, one of the birds' main prey items, spiders, increased their population size. is not directly related to the predator prey relationship between bird and snake. This is one of the consequences of the decline or crash of the bird population after the introduction of the snake population.
Upon centrifugation of an antibody screen procedure done by the gel system, the red blood cell agglutinates are dispersed throughout the gel column with a few agglutinates at the bottom of the microtubes.
This reaction should be graded as a:
A. 4+
B. 3+
C. 2+
D. 1+
E. Negative
Answer:
The correct answer is option C. "2+".
Explanation:
A common procedure to test for the presence of antigens is to perform an agglutination reaction by performing an antibody screen. In an agglutination reaction that is graded 2+ the red blood cells start to be broken and medium-sized agglutinates are formed. In this reaction no red blood cells are free, only agglutinates are seen at the bottom of the microtubes. The characteristics of the reaction herein described concur with an agglutination reaction that is graded 2+.
When Mendel self-pollinated plants from the purple-flowered F1 generation, he saw that one out of every four plants in the F2 had white flowers. What reasoning did Mendel use to explain how the white, hidden trait reappeared?
Answer:
The reasoning that Mendel uses to explain how the white hidden trait reappeared was that only offsprings that have two recessive alleles show the hidden trait.
Explanation:
The F1 generation had two different alleles, one that coded for purples flowers and one that coded for white flowers, the allele for white flowers was hidden by the dominant allele, that is why the F1 generation were purple flowers. In the F2 generation, the two alleles that coded for flower color were the same, which means that they were both recessive and, as a result, the F2 generation of flowers was white because there was not a dominant allele that hid the other one.
A cardiac researcher is trying to determine if a pattern of very high blood cholesterol is genetic in a group of Pennsylvania Dutch. Therefore, the scientist looks through years of medical records, plus patterns of marriage through several generations. The investigator is doing a type of hereditary research called ________.
Answer:
Pedigree analysis
Explanation:
Pedigree analysis is a type of research used to study gene inheritance in humans. It is used to interpret genetic information or trait patterns displayed in a family tree. Pedigree analysis tries to analyze and determine the absence or the presence of a trait in relation to family members.
When a pedigree is done it shows the family history of a trait, hence can reveal, what chromosome the trait is linked to, family genotypes, dominant or recessive traits and phenotype probabilities in unborn children.
Therefore, from the question, the investigator is doing a type of hereditary research called pedigree analysis.
How many atoms of each element are in the chemical formula p2 O5
Answer:2 phosphorus and 5 oxygen
Explanation:
The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is ________.
Although bread has a water activity of approximately 0.96 (high enough to support bacteria, yeast and mold growth) refrigeration temperatures that slow down the rate of microbial growth are not ideal for bread due to the quality issues (i.e. starch retrogradation) that are actually accelerated at refrigeration temperatures.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
A.True
Explanation:
Although bread has a water activity of approximately 0.96 (high enough to support bacteria, yeast and mold growth) refrigeration temperatures that slow down the rate of microbial growth are not ideal for bread due to the quality issues (i.e. starch retrogradation) that are actually accelerated at refrigeration temperatures.
The statement is true. There is no as such explanation to this answer as everything is already mentioned in the question itself.
Fruit flies have 8 chromosomes in their body cells, while dandelion cells have 16 chromosomes. Which species do you predict makes the more genetically varied offspring?
Answer:
I think this might be the answer
Explanation: The answer is the same for every diploid species. It is half the number of chromosomes in somatic (body) cells. The number of cells in gametes (sex cells) is n and the number in somatic cells is 2n. For fruit flies gametes have 4 chromosomes, for mice, 20, for humans 23, for chimpanzees 24.
Hope this helps and stay safe.
The offspring of fruit fly and dandelion cells with 8 and 16 chromosomes, respectively has the same genetic variability as both the organisms are diploid in nature.
What are Genetic variations?
Genetic variation is the difference in the DNA molecules among the individuals or the differences between populations of different organisms. The multiple sources of genetic variation are mutation and genetic recombination. Mutations are the changes in the genetic material which are the ultimate sources of genetic variation in species, but other mechanisms, include genetic drift.
Offspring of Fruit flies and dandelion cells have the same genetic variability because both of the organisms are diploid. During Meiosis, each and every diploid species undergo similar mechanism.
During meiotic division, the genetic material of the cell is reduced to half. Gametes cells have n (haploid) cells, whereas somatic cells include 2n (diploid) cells.
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A bird species in danger of extinction has a population that is decreasing exponentially left parenthesis upper a equals upper a 0 e superscript kt right parenthesis . six years ago the population was at 1400 and today only 1000 of the birds are alive. once the population drops below 100 , the situation will be irreversible. when will this happen
Answer:
This will happen in 39 years.
Explanation:
The population of the birds varies as A = A.e^kt
The population of birds fell from 1400 from 1000
Time it will take for the population to fall below 100 = x years.
when t = 0, population = 1400
t= 3; Population = 1000
Therefore:
1400 = 1000e^5k
e^5k= 1400/1000
k= (In 1.4)/5
we need to find x, such that
1400/1000= (e^xk)
14=(e^xk)
In(14) =kx
x= 5In(14)/In(1.4)
x= 39 years
Suppose an object is moving through space in a straight line. What could cause the object to start moving in circles?
Answer:
a secondary force that pulls the object toward a center point
Explanation:
Cuticle, stomata, and vascular tissue are all key adaptations enabling land plants to _____.
A. grow more quickly
B. survive better in aquatic environments
C. reproduce more quickly
D. colonize land
Answer: (D) colonize land
Explanation:
What are the two identical offspring cells that come from the parent cell
Answer:
The process results in four daughter cells that are haploid, which means they contain half the number of chromosomes of the diploid parent cell. Meiosis has both similarities to and differences from mitosis, which is a cell division process in which a parent cell produces two identical daughter cells.
Explanation:
The process of recombination begins with the introduction of a double strand break into one of the homologs. This has led scientists to believe that the enzymatic machinery responsible for recombination first evolved _________.
Answer:
The process of recombination begins with the introduction of a double strand break into one of the homologs. This has led scientists to believe that the enzymatic machinery responsible for recombination first evolved as a mechanism for the repair of dsDNA breaks
Explanation:
The enzymatic machinery is what catalyzes genetic recombination. This process exchanges genetic material between different organisms which enables to production of offspring with different combinations from those in either parents. Recombination between homologous chromosomes is usually used in DNA repair.
What is not true about the lactiferous ducts and sinuses? what is not true about the lactiferous ducts and sinuses? they produce milk for the newborn their function is performed only by females they are part of the mammary glands they are part of the uterus?
Explanation:
They are part of the uterus is not true about the lactiferous ducts and sinuses
Lactiferous ducts are the 15-20 tubular drains for the lobes of the mammary glands which converge to open at the tip of the nipple; their distal ends are expanded to form lactiferous sinuses to store milk, which is produced gradually, until it can be released during bouts of nursing which stimulates an autonomic reflex and is assisted by oxytocin release for milk letdownLactiferous sinus is the short oval enlarged dilation of each lactiferous duct in the breast tissue just beneath the nipple; in lactating females, this is a storage depot for milk, which is produced gradually by the alveoli, and will be expressed from the nipple by compression as the infant begins to nurseThe registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about physiologic changes in the diuretic phase of a patient with acute kidney disease.
Which statement by the student nurse about the diuretic phase indicates effective learning? Select all that apply.
a) "The diuretic phase lasts for one to three weeks."
b) "Urine volume decreases in the diuretic phase."
c) "Hypovolemia occurs during the diuretic phase."
d) "The kidneys will have the ability to concentrate urine."
e) "The creatinine level increases drastically at the end of the diuretic phase."
Describe 2 homologies (structures that were shared from a common ancestor) between the Zeuglodon and the Orca.
The Zeuglodon and Orca share homologies in their streamlined bodies adapted for aquatic environments and in the skeletal structure of their flippers, both resulting from a shared ancestral origin. These homologies exemplify common evolutionary traits due to shared genetics and embryonic development.
Explanation:Two homologies between the Zeuglodon, an ancient whale, and the modern Orca (killer whale) include their overall bodily structure and specific skeletal elements. Both species have streamlined bodies adapted for efficient movement through water, a characteristic inherited from their common ancestor. This convergent evolution results in a similar body shape that is homologous due to a shared evolutionary history. Moreover, both creatures have homologous structures in their flippers. The bones within the flippers of both the Zeuglodon and Orca are homologous to the bones found in the forelimbs of other mammals. These structures are examples of homology because they have similar embryonic origins and genetic layouts, which are a result of their shared ancestry, despite the different functions the flippers serve in their aquatic environments.