A student added an enzyme to a flask containing a substrate and placed the mixture over a flame. She observed the reaction for a few minutes when she noticed that the reaction appeared to have stopped. She was puzzled because there was still a large amount of substrate left in the reaction flask. A pH test confirmed that the pH of the solution was in an acceptable range. Which is the most likely explanation for the decreased reaction rate?

Answers

Answer 1
The reason should be denaturing of the active site of the enzyme.

The rate of the enzymic reaction depends on pH, concentration of substrate, enzyme molecule concentration and the temperature. With the increase of temperature, the rate of the enzymic reaction also increases.  But this only happens up to a certain point. After a certain temperature, the rate becomes to decrease and eventually will stop. This is because denaturing of the enzyme. Although other factors are perfect, the high temperature causes to break down of bond interactions and hence the active site will be changed. If the active site of an enzyme changed, then substrate cannot bind with that enzyme anymore.
The temperature which the rate of the reaction is maximum is called optimum temperature and it normally around 40°C. This can be varied from enzyme to enzyme

Related Questions

45 foxes of genotype aa (long ears), 30 foxes of genotype (aa), 25 foxes aa (short ears), what are the allele frequencies in this population?

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lkhffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

To calculate allele frequencies for the fox population, it's noted that all foxes have the genotype 'aa' indicating only one allele 'a' is present. Therefore, the frequency of allele 'a' is 1 or 100%, as there are no other alleles indicated.

To calculate the allele frequencies in the fox population with the given genotypes, we need to count the total number of alleles and then the number of each allele. Given the genotypes 'aa' for long ears, 'aa' (repeated, possibly a typo), and 'aa' for short ears, we can assume that there are only two phenotypes (long ears and short ears) associated with a single genotype (aa). This implies that there is only one type of allele present in the population, which is 'a'. Therefore, the frequency of allele 'a' is 1, or 100%, since no other allele type is present.

In cases where multiple alleles are present (e.g., A and a), one would count the number of 'A' and 'a' alleles separately, and then divide by the total number of alleles in the population. This would give the frequency of each allele, ensuring that the sum of frequencies for all alleles equals 1.

Asexual reproduction in which the body breaks into several fragments, which later develop into complete organisms.

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correct . . . . . . . .

"you are exercising doing aerobics or a stair climber at your fitness center. as you increase to a high intensity of exercise, you would expect the tidal volume to ______________ and the frequency of respiration to _____________."

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You are exercising, doing aerobics or a stair climber at your fitness center. as you increase to a high intensity of exercise, you would expect the tidal volume to increase and the frequency of respiration to increase. 

Some cancer treatments have a side effect of killing white blood cells. which best describes a person undergoing this treatment? apex

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The correct answer is this: THEY WOULD BE MORE LIKELY TO BE HARMED BY COMMON BACTERIA. This is because, the white blood cells, which act as the body's defender against diseases have been destroyed. Thus, in case of microbe invasion, there won't be any white blood cell to fight the invading microbes. 

Identify two ways in which animals can reduce the intensity of intraspecific competition

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Intraspecific competition involves an interaction where by members of the same species compete for limited supply of resources. The end result is the reduction in fitness for both individuals. Animals can reduce the intensity of intraspecific competition by exploiting different type of food resources and also moving to other areas that are sparsely populated and with high amounts of food. 

Final answer:

Animals can reduce intraspecific competition by changing behaviors to minimize competition and by niche differentiation, where they use different resources or habitats within the same environment.

Explanation:

Two ways in which animals can reduce the intensity of intraspecific competition include behavior changes and niche differentiation. Firstly, animals can change their behaviors to avoid direct competition for resources, such as switching their active hours to avoid competition for food. Secondly, they can engage in niche differentiation where individuals of the same species exploit different habitats or resources, reducing direct competition. An example of this in interspecific competition is observed in anolis lizards, where specialization in their habitat selection, such as being ground-dwellers or tree-dwellers, decreases the overlap in resource use among different species. Similarly, in intraspecific competition, animals of the same species can evolve different adaptations that allow them to use varied resources or live in different habitats, thus reducing direct competition for the same resources.

Breast milk _____. is more likely than formula to produce allergies is deficient in iron and vitamin c provides antibodies to fight diseases upsets the baby's digestive system more than formula

Answers

Breast milk provides antibodies to fight diseases.   

Breast milk is produced by mammary glands in the breasts and its main function is feeding an infant. Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns. The composition of the milk includes immune-boosting white blood cells, as well as stem cells, which can help organs develop, antibodies, proteins, amino-acids, oligosaccharides, growth factors, hormones, enzymes, vitamins, minerals…

Final answer:

Breast milk provides antibodies to fight diseases, which are crucial for the infant's developing immune system

Explanation:

Breast milk provides antibodies to fight diseases, which are crucial for the infant's developing immune system. These antibodies are passed to the infant through breast milk in what is known as active immunity. The immunoglobulins in colostrum and breast milk help increase the newborn's immune defenses. Breast milk contains all the necessary nutrients and hydration that a growing infant requires for the first 4–6 months of life and is tailored to suit each stage of the newborn's development.

The composition of breast milk helps the newborn's digestive system to expel meconium and clear bilirubin and is generally less likely to upset the baby's digestive system than formula. Compared to cow's milk, breast milk has more appropriate levels of fat and lactose for an infant's needs and contains proteins that are easier for the infant to digest. Cow's milk contains more protein and minerals, which are difficult for an infant's immature digestive system to metabolize, and therefore, it should not be given to infants.

Suggest an advantage to being able to tolerate variations in a wide range of environmental factors?

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Organisms have adaptations enabling them to survive within certain conditions in one's environment. One advantage in being able to tolerate variations in wide range of environmental factor is that organisms can adapt to any climate,seasonal temperature,light availability and weather conditions.

A serious, inflammatory condition in which the colon mucosa protrudes through the colon wall is called __________.

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A serious, inflammatory condition in which the colon mucosa protrudes through the colon wall is called diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is a related digestive condition that affects the colon. This condition occurs when naturally weak part of the colon tears which result in inflammation or infection. Symptoms of diverticulitis include severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea and constipation.






LD50 is used to express _____.

blood-alcohol levels
levels of impairment
toxicity of toxins and poisons
the amount of illicit drugs found in the system

Answers

LD50 is used to express TOXICITY OF TOXINS AND POISONS.
LD50 stands for Lethal Dose 50. This is the standard measure of the toxicity of a material, which will kill half of the sample population of a particular test animal in a defined time period, when they are exposed to the material.

Answer:

The answer is option C.

Explanation:

LD50 remains for Lethal Dose 50. This is the standard proportion of the poisonous quality of a material, which will kill half of the example populace of a specific guinea pig in a characterized day and age, when they are presented to the material.

In order to fertilize the egg, spermatozoa must release the enzymes hyaluronidase and acrosin that erode away two layers around the egg called the

Answers

The corona radiata and zona pellucida.

When can antlions experience competition

Answers

Answer:

It happens when there is extreme scarcity of the food items.

Explanation:

This would happening to take place as during the course of the larval stage at the time when there is an overlapping set of the reproduction. This is all possible at the time when the large ones are in consumption with the small set of the survivals.

Since antlions larvae are semi-sedentary and develop a sit-and-wait strategy to feed, they experience the strongest competition during this larval stage of their cycle.  

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The species receives its name because of the feeding habits of the larval stage. Larvae are strong predators that feed mainly on ants.

Since antlions larvae are semi-sedentary, their feeding strategy is sitting and waiting.

They dig conical-shaped holes in the substrate and remain hidden in the bottom, where they wait for prey to fall into the pit.

Competition is stronger during the larvae stage because they need to be strategic in positioning the pit.

Pits are usually built near the ant's nest to increase the probability of getting prey. However, the closer the pits are to each other, the fewer chances of getting prey. Pits that first block the ants' way will be the ones that get the prey and not the other ones. This competition is known as shadow-competition.

Larvae compete for the space in which to build their tramps. And dispersion turns a significant factor to avoid competition.

It has been hypothesized that antlion larvae reduce shadow competition and increase the feeding probability by building their pits away from others and closer to the source of prey.

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Related link: https://brainly.com/question/9919099

Philippe bouchet and colleagues conducted a massive survey of marine mollusks on the west coast of new caledonia. twenty percent of the species found had only a single specimen collected. what does that suggest about the diversity of mollusks in this area?

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The suggestion about the diversity of molluscs in the area is how many species from the twenty percent are probably rare. Biologists use different approaches to describe the levels of biological diversity in the marine environment.
One approach is quantitative ecologists and the other one is biogeographers who pool data on species.
Molluscs are phyla which are routinely considered in marine biodiversity surveys

Pamela has started to take antibiotics, which kills most of the helpful and harmful bacteria in her body. Her doctor suggested she eat yogurt containing helpful bacteria to reestablish the bacteria in her digestive tract. Why is this important?

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The helpful bacteria in the digestive tract break down our food for us. If we didn't have them, we wouldn't be able to digest as much food as we used to.

Answer: Yogurt contains good bacteria.

Explanation: Taking antibiotics for a longer duration of time kills the good bacteria present in the the gut of the human being. The gut of the human being consists of good bacteria as well as bad bacteria.

The good bacteria present in the gut of the human beings helps in the digestion of the food. Yogurt is a good source of good bacteria as it contains lactobacillus which is known as good bacteria that keeps the gut healthy.

Decomposers are part of a special class of consumers called

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saprophytic consumers
Saprophytic
Hope this helps

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of ________. question 6 options:

Answers

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy primarily used for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. This form of treatment helps trauma victims to remember distressing past encounters and to acquire new understanding of the events.






Describe pulmonary circulation pathway using the following terms: deoxygenated blood, left atrium, lungs, oxygenated blood, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, and right ventricle

Answers

Definition:
                  "The type of circulation pathway in which venous blood is passed
                   from the right atrium of the heart through the right ventricle  and 
                   pulmonary arteries to the lungs where it is oxygenated and its                             return via the pulmonary veins to enter the left auricle and                                                      participate in the systemic circulation".

Explanation:
                     There are two circulatory path in cardiovascular system namely pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation path allows for blood circulation through lungs for oxygenation while systemic circulation allows for transport of oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

Pulmonary Circulation Pathway:
                                                      Pulmonary circulation pathway consist of:

1. Superior and inferior vena cava:
                                                       De-oxygenated blood from lower parts of the body enter to right atrium through inferior vena cava. Similary, deoxygenated blood from upper parts of the body enter to right atrium through superior vena cava.

2. Right atrium and right ventricle:
                                                          From right atrium the blood passes to right ventricle through tricuspid valve. 

 3. Pulmonary artery:
                                Afterwards, the blood enters the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary artery divides into two arteries with one artery entering the right lung and the other artery entering the left lung. When the blood reaches the lungs through the left and right pulmonary arteries, it moves over alveoli via the capillary beds. 

4. Left atrium and left ventricle:
                                                 After the blood gets oxygenated, it moves back to the heart and this time moves into the left atrium, completing the pulmonary circulation path.
                        

The renin-angiotensin system activates to restore fluid to a normal level when a person is dehydrated.

Answers

The statement is true.
Renin-angiotensin system will be activated when there is a loss of blood volume (or decrease of blood pressure, such as in haemorrhage or dehydration. Renin is secreted by kidneys directly into the circulation when the blood flow is reduced. Renin then stimulates conversion of angiotensinogen, released by the liver, to angiotensin I which will then be converted to angiotensin II by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) found in the lungs. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor(increases the blood pressure) and also stimulates the secretion of the aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium and water into the blood and the excretion of potassium (to maintain electrolyte balance). This also increases blood pressure and retention of water.

The proper way to wash hands when handling foods is to:

Answers

Use soap and scrub all over your hands....

Which statement is supported by information presented in the graph? PLZ HELP ASAP

In 2010, the United States exported more to Mexico than it imported.

As a result of NAFTA, US exports to Mexico have declined.

NAFTA has boosted the US economy at the expense of Mexico’s.

Trade with Mexico increased following the passage of NAFTA.

Answers

D
Not A, cause the graph shows the US imported more in 2010
Not B, cause both countries increase in trade
Not C, because Mexico economy has increased as well, just not as much--so not at the expense of mexico
Letter D because NAFTA was passed between 1990 and 1995, so the imports and exports to and from both countries clearly increased after that time period, at least slightly more than it was beforehand.

D is the correct option just answered it:)

What controls activities in the brain such as breathing?

Answers

the brain stem controls vital functions of the human body

What did rosenberg and trevathan discover in their study comparing human and nonhuman primate birth?

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When comparing the birth patterns of humans and non-human primate, Rosenberg and Trevathan discovered some very clear differences:

1. The human period of labour and child birth is exceptionally long and painful compared to other non-human primates.
E.g. a human labour can last anywhere from 10-20 hours while that of a chimpanzee lasts only 2 hours.

2. Humans have the ability to walk straight, the trade off however is that it is extremely difficult and painful to give birth to a big brained human baby.

Answer: Rosenberg and Trevathan discovered birth patterns in primates and non human primates. They compared the birth patterns of human, gorilla, gibbon, monkey to understand the similarity and differences among them.

In case of monkey and gibbon the dimension of the neonatal cranium have very minute difference to that of their mother's pelvis. When we talk about great apes like gorilla and pan the size of pelvis is large as compared to the cranium size of their neonates and the pelvic inlet is spacious. In terms of human being the cranium size of the neonates is longer than the anterior and posterior dimensions of the pelvic inlet which requires the head to pass through the inlet facing transversely.





A molecule called ___________ is responsible for the rbc's ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Answers

A molecule called haemoglobin is responsible for the RBC's ability to transport [tex] 0_{2} [/tex] and [tex] CO_{2} [/tex].

Hope it helped!

As cold, briny water from the antarctic circulates to the equator, it warms and rises. as it does, this upwelling carries nutrients that produce ____ billion tons of phytoplankton that are eaten by fish and birds. those that are not eaten die, and fall back to the ocean floor, carrying nutrients with them.

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The answer is one (1) billion tons of phytoplankton at any one time. Annually, its recorded that there is approximately 45 billion tons of phytoplankton in the ocean. Other than being a source of food for fish, they are critical in the carb9n cycle. This phytoplankton incorporates 45–50 billion tons of inorganic carbon into their cells and are the largest source of atmospheric oxygen.
45 Billion Phytoplankton

Brackish water is water that has extra salt than original water. This may appear from the crossing of seawater by fresh water that may occur in brackish specimen aquifers.  The nutrients that produce 45 billion ton phytoplankton. The phytoplankton is bacteria that is a significant autotrophic element of the plankton community and a fundamental component of water that basin ecosystems. Though it is an essential source of food for larger animals as being the first form of food chain.

Explain how you could determine wheater seeds in packets of round pea seeds have a genotype rr or rr

Answers

I think you mean Round could be RR or Rr (round is dominant to wrinkled)
R=round
r=wrinkled
RR would be round phenotypically
Rr would be round phenotypically
To determine if they are RR or Rr you should perform a backcross with a wrinkled mutant!
I put a picture to demonstrate this.
If they are RR then if you cross with rr you would only get phenotypically Round pea plants.
If they are Rr then if you cross with rr you would get 50% round and 50% wrinkled. Any wrinkled? Definitely the heterozygote Rr!!

What would happen in a premature infant if insufficient surfactant were available? mastering easynote?

Answers

I think if insufficient surfactant were available then it would result to alveolar collapse. The alveoli collapses due to poor surfactant spreading during inspiration, causing the surface tension to be at its highest which tends to collapse smaller alveoli. Atelectasis may also occur during suction, as along with sputum, air is withdrawn from the lungs. 

Why is cell theory classified as theory and not a hypothesis

Answers

The cell theory is still a theory because there is still no proof of how the first cell was formed. Also, the cell theory isn't unanimously accepted worldwide.

The release of __________ encourages sustentocytes to release __________. the release of __________ encourages sustentocytes to release __________. inhibin; testosterone luteinizing hormone; testosterone luteinizing hormone; androgen-binding protein follicle-stimulating hormone; androgen-binding protein

Answers

The release of follicle stimulating hormone encourages sustentocytes to release of androgen-binding protein. Androgen binding protein is synthesized by the sertoli cells in the testis. The glycoprotein binds specifically to testis, dihydrotestosterone and 17-beta-estradiol. Its production is stimulated by the follicle stimulating hormone.

How does a phylogenetic tree indicate major evolutionary events within a lineage?

Answers

Each of the branching in the phylogenetic tree depicts how organisms evolved from a common ancestor. The closer they are to their common ancestors the closer the relationship between the organisms. Each internal node represents a divergence event. Examples of characteristics used in developing phylogenetic trees include morphology, DNA sequence, biochemical pathways, and etcetera.

A metastasis is _________. select one:
a. a secondary tumor in a different part of the body that arises from a cell from the primary tumor.
b. a cell that is dividing in defiance of normal constraints.
c. a part of the primary tumor that has invaded the surrounding tissue.
d. the portion of the cancerous tumor that displays genetic instability.

Answers

I think metastasis is a secondary tumor in a different part of the body that arises from a cells from the primary tumor. Metastasis means the spread of cancer cells. Cancer cells may break away from a primary tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system and is then spread to other parts of the body. 

Casey rides a very fast bicycle on flat terrain but has difficulty climbing hills. Which solution would improve the performance of the bicycle on hills

Answers

Casey should build more muscle by working out and continuing to ride up hill

Answer:

lower the gear ratio from 4:1 to 2:1

Explanation:

Other Questions
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