All organisms use oxidation-reduction reactions to harness energy, and this newly harvested energy is used to produce atp. oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons. reduction is the gain of electrons. the energy in fuel molecules (often carbohydrates) is in the form of electrons. when electrons are removed from their high-energy state in fuel molecules (the electron donors), those molecules are oxidized. the electrons must be added to another molecule, which serves as the electron acceptor. as it gains electrons, the electron acceptor is reduced. when these electrons arrive at the final electron acceptor, they are at a lower-energy state compared to their original position in the electron donor. the goal is to harness the energy the electrons lose during this transfer process. in this activity, you will examine three equations and indicate which reactants are electron donors and which are receptors. in addition, you will identify the oxidized product and the reduced product
The source of Earth's magnetic field is _____. solid magnetized iron in the core liquid magnetized iron in the core liquid iron in the core liquid metallic hydrogen in the core
The answer is liquid iron in the core. As the liquid iron churns, due to convection currents and Coriolis effect of the earth’s spin, in the inner core of the earth. The iron molecules/atoms, which are in charged particle form due to the high temperatures, move become akin to an electric current and produce magnetic fields. These magnetic fields cause increases electric currents in the core as a result of induction. This produces even more powerful magnetic fields that span the outer space.
Answer:
liquid iron in the core
Explanation:
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What volume of 6.00 m naoh would be required to increase the ph to 4.93?
The Volume of NaOH is mathematically given as
V=3.2 L
Volume of NaOHGenerally the formula for PH is
Ph= Pka + log[A^-]/[HA]
4.93 = 4.76 + log((40+X)/(60-X))
0.17 = log ((40+X)/(60-X))
Therefore
X= 19.66 mmol = 0.019 mol
Generally the formula for molarity is
M= number of moles / volume
6 = 0.019 / V
V=3.2 L
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The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the products of burning a hydrocarbon molecule like candle wax. What are the condensed colourless drops formed called?
A. carbon dioxide
B. water
C. methane
D. oxygen
If you eat 3.00 moles of sugar, how many molecules did you consume?
3.00
2.00 x 10^23 molecules
5.00 x 10^ -24 molecules
1.81 x 10^24 molecules
Answer:
[tex]Molecules\ sugar=1.81x10^{24}molecules\ sugar[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, Avogadro's number help us to realize that 1 mole of any substance has 6.022x10²³ molecules of the same substance, in such way, by applying that relationship one computed the consumed molecules of sugar as shown below:
[tex]Molecules\ sugar=3.00mol\ sugar*\frac{6.022x10^{23}molecules\ sugar}{1mol\ sugar} \\Molecules\ sugar=1.81x10^{24}molecules\ sugar[/tex]
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A cell is put into a liquid and remains its original size. What is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this observation? The concentration of water is higher in the cell than in the liquid, so water is leaving the cell. The concentration of water is higher in the cell than in the liquid, so water is moving in and out of the cell at the same rate. The concentration of water in the cell is the same as in the liquid, so water is moving in and out of the cell at the same rate. The concentration of water in the cell is the same as in the liquid, so water is leaving the cell.
Answer:
The concentration of water in the cell is the same as in the liquid, so water is moving in and out of the cell at the same rate.
Explanation:
The cell is essentially placed in an isotonic solution. In an isotonic solution the concentration of water inside the cell is the same as the outside, causing no water to flow in and out of the cell and keeping the size of the cell intact. In a hypertonic solution the concentration of water inside the cell is higher than the outside, causing water to flow out of the cell and shrinking the cell. In a hypotonic solution the concentration of water inside the cell is lower than the outside, causing water to flow in of the cell and making the cell turgid.
Acid strength in a series of h−a molecules increases with increasing size of
a. acid strength in a series of molecules increases with increasing size of .
a. True
b. False
The statement that acid strength in a series of H-A molecules increases with increasing size of A is True because the strength of the bond decreases.
What is effect of the size of A on the strength of acid HA?The strength of an acid is related to the strength of the bond between the hydrogen atom and the negative atom.
Increasing the size of A in an acid HA will increase the acid strength because as size increases, the H-A bond will become weaker as the atoms will be farther apart.
The ability to release H⁺ ions will increase as the H-A bond becomes weaker.
Therefore, the statement that acid strength in a series of H-A molecules increases with increasing size of A is True because the strength of the bond decreases.
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Which one has the greatest number of atoms? 1. all have the same number of atoms 2. 3.05 moles of water 3. 3.05 moles of krypton 4. 3.05 moles of neon 5. 3.05 moles of nh3?
The greatest number of atoms is found in 3.05 moles of ammonia (NH₃) because, with one nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms per molecule, it results in a total of 12.20 moles of atoms. Water (H₂O) would come second with 9.15 moles of total atoms. Single-element samples like krypton and neon only have 3.05 moles of atoms since they are monatomic.
The question of which sample has the greatest number of atoms can be determined by understanding the concept of moles in chemistry. One mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of entities, which is approximately 6.022 * 10²³. In this case, whether we have 3.05 moles of water (H₂O), krypton (Kr), neon (Ne), or ammonia (NH₃), each mole of any of these substances would have the same number of molecules or atoms.
However, when we are looking for the total number of atoms, for compounds such as water and ammonia which are made up of multiple atoms, the total number of atoms is higher compared to elements like krypton and neon which are atomic. Thus, water, which has three atoms per molecule (two hydrogens and one oxygen), and ammonia, which has four atoms per molecule (one nitrogen and three hydrogens), would have more total atoms when compared with a single atom of krypton or neon per mole
Since 3.05 moles of ammonia (NH3) consist of 1 nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atoms per molecule, the total would be 3.05 moles * 4 atoms/molecule = 12.20 moles of atoms. The same calculation for water would give us 3.05 moles * 3 atoms/molecule = 9.15 moles of atoms. Therefore, 3.05 moles of ammonia have the greatest number of atoms.
An atom of an element with two valence electrons reacts with two atoms of an element with atomic number 17 to form an ionic compound. What is the compound MOST LIKELY formed as described? A) CaF2 B) MgCl2 C) CO2 D) BeBr2
Answer is: B) MgCl2.
Chlorine has atomic number 17, it means it has 17 protons and 17 electrons.
Electron configuration of chlorine atom: ₁₇Cl 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.
Chloride is negative ion of chlorine. Chloride is formed when chlorine gain one lectron.
Chloride anion has 17 protons and 18 electrons (like argon-noble gas).
The electron configuration for the chloride ion: ₁₇Cl⁻ 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶.
Magnesium has a 2+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number.
Magnesium is metal from second group of Periodic table of elements and it lost two electrons to have electron configuration as closest noble gas neon (₁₀Ne), chlorine is nonmetal from 17. group of Periodic table and it gains one electron to have electron configuration as argon (₁₈Ar).
Jason-1 was launched to:
measure ocean waves
determine air moisture
survey ocean currents
all of the above
Answer: survey ocean currents
The correct answer will be option- all of the above.
Explanation:
Jason or "Joint Altimetry Satellite Oceanography Network" is the satellite sent under the joint mission between NASA and CNES in France.
The satellite worked from 2001 to 2005 which was succeeded by Jason-2 in 2008.
The main aim of this was to measure climate change by measuring the valleys and hills of the ocean's surface. This helped to determine the direction of the ocean currents and global ocean circulation. This also helped the determine the air moisture.
Thus, All of the above is the correct answer.
A decrease in the concentration of reactants causes the rate of the _____ reaction to slow.
a. complete
b. incomplete
c. forward
d. reverse
The correct answer is option (c). A decrease in the concentration of reactants causes the rate of the forward reaction to slow.
The rate of a chemical reaction is influenced by several factors, including the concentration of reactants. According to the law of mass action, the rate of a forward reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants. This means that if the concentration of reactants is decreased, the rate of the forward reaction will slow down.
Let's consider a simple reaction:
[tex]\[ A + B \rightarrow C \][/tex]
The rate law for this reaction can be expressed as:
[tex]\[ \text{Rate} = k[A]^m[B]^n \][/tex]
where [tex]k[/tex] is the rate constant, [tex]\( [A] \) and \( [B] \)[/tex] are the concentrations of reactants A and B, and [tex]\( m \) and \( n \)[/tex] are the reaction orders with respect to A and B, respectively.
If the concentration of either A or B is decreased, the rate of the reaction will decrease as indicated by the rate law. This is because there are fewer reactant molecules available to collide and react with each other.
The other options can be ruled out based on the following reasoning:
a. Complete reaction: This term refers to a reaction that goes to completion, where all reactants are converted into products. The rate of a complete reaction is not relevant to the question about the effect of reactant concentration on the rate.
b. Incomplete reaction: This term refers to a reaction that does not go to completion, often due to equilibrium conditions. Again, the rate of an incomplete reaction is not specifically related to the concentration of reactants.
d. Reverse reaction: The rate of the reverse reaction would actually increase if the concentration of products is decreased, according to Le Chatelier's principle. However, the question specifically asks about the effect of a decrease in the concentration of reactants, not products.
For a particular redox reaction ClO2– is oxidized to ClO4– and Fe3 is reduced to Fe2 . Complete and balance the equation for this reaction in basic solution. Phases are optional.
Please HELP, I don't know how to balance redox reactions in basic solutions...!
In one process, 5.95 kg of caf2 is treated with an excess of h2so4 and yields 2.45 kg of hf. calculate the percent yield of hf.
Answer: The percentage yield of hydrogen fluoride is 80.3 %
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(1)
Given mass of [tex]CaF_2[/tex] = 5.95 kg = [tex]5.95\times 10^3g[/tex] (Conversion factor: 1 kg = 1000 g)
Molar mass of [tex]CaF_2[/tex] = 78.07 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of }CaF_2=\frac{5.95\times 10^3g}{78.07g/mol}=76.21mol[/tex]
The chemical equation for the reaction of calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid follows:
[tex]CaF_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2HF[/tex]
As, sulfuric acid is present in excess. It is considered as an excess reagent.
Calcium fluoride is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of calcium fluoride produces 2 moles of hydrogen fluoride
So, 76.21 moles of calcium fluoride will produce = [tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 76.21=152.42mol[/tex] of hydrogen fluoride
Now, calculating the mass of hydrogen fluoride by using equation 1, we get:
Molar mass of hydrogen fluoride = 20 g/mol
Moles of hydrogen fluoride = 152.42 moles
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]152.42mol=\frac{\text{Mass of hydrogen fluoride}}{20g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of hydrogen fluoride}=(152.42mol\times 20g/mol)=3048.4g=3.05kg[/tex]
To calculate the percentage yield of hydrogen fluoride, we use the equation:
[tex]\%\text{ yield}=\frac{\text{Experimental yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield}}\times 100[/tex]
Experimental yield of hydrogen fluoride = 2.45 kg
Theoretical yield of hydrogen fluoride = 3.05 kg
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\%\text{ yield of hydrogen fluoride}=\frac{2.45kg}{3.05kg}\times 100\\\\\% \text{ yield of hydrogen fluoride}=80.3\%[/tex]
Hence, the percentage yield of hydrogen fluoride is 80.3 %
If you react 0.85 mol of HCI with excess sodium carbonate then how much water will be produced in grams
To accurately measure out 35 milliliters of liquid, you should use:
a 10-mL glass pipette several times
a 50-mL beaker
a 25-mL graduated cylinder two times
a 50-mL graduated cylinder one time
A giant ball of hot gas mainly hydrogen and helium is
Most earthquakes occur along fractures in the Earth's crust called faults. Most faults occur along the edges of A) continents. B) polar regions. C) tectonic plates. D) mountain ranges.
Most earthquakes occur along fractures in the Earth's crust called faults. Most faults occur along the edges of tectonic plates. . thus option C is correct.
what is earthquake?A sudden release of stress along faults in the earth’s crust can be called as earthquake; the process is like where the tectonic plates move slowly , but they get stuck at their edges due to friction.
When the stress overcomes the friction causes earthquake and the resulting waves propagate through the ground and over its surface generate a shaking that we perceive as earthquakes.
The main causes of earthquakes include Plate tectonics which account for most earthquakes worldwide, Induced quakes caused by human activity, like tunnel construction, Volcanic quakes, Collapse quakes caused by cave-ins, mostly in karst areas.
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Water vapor in the earth's air is an example of a solution. what type of solution would this be
Answer:
gas in a gas
Explanation:
Because it is water VAPOR and not LIQUID water, it would be a gas in a gas. :)
Final answer:
Water vapor in the earth's air is a gaseous solution, where air acts as the solvent and water vapor is the solute. Water vapor plays a key role as a greenhouse gas and in the formation of clouds and precipitation, impacting the Earth's climate and weather patterns.
Explanation:
Water vapor in the earth's air is indeed an example of a solution, specifically, it is a gaseous solution. In this context, the air can be thought of as the solvent, and the water vapor as the solute. Starting with a basic understanding that air is a solution where nitrogen is the primary solvent, it is easy to then categorize the mixture of air and water vapor accordingly.
The Earth's atmosphere contains varying amounts of water vapor, which is crucial for climate and weather phenomena. It can range from less than one percent in the coldest environments to more than four percent in the warmest, humid air. Water vapor can act as a greenhouse gas, absorbing Earth's outgoing long-wave radiation, which influences the temperature of our planet. In the form of clouds, which are formed by water vapor condensing around condensation nuclei, water vapor also contributes to the Earth's albedo by reflecting incoming solar radiation. Whether in the form of vapor or condensed into clouds or precipitation, water plays a key role in atmospheric processes.
A molecule of antifreeze, ethylene glycol, has the formula c2h4(oh)2. how many atoms are there in one molecule of antifreeze?
Answer:
the total atoms in one molecule of antifreeze = 2 + 6 + 2 = 10
Explanation:
The number of atoms in the given ethylene glycol molecule can be calculated from its molecular formula.
The molecular formula is : [tex]C_{2}H_{4}(OH)_{2}[/tex]
The subscripts represent the multiplicity of the atoms present
Here the subscript on carbon = 2 so there are two carbon atoms
the subscript on hydrogen = 4 and two on OH, so the total hydrogen atoms = 6
The subscript on oxygen =2 so the total oxygen atoms= 2
Hence the total atoms in one molecule of antifreeze = 2 + 6 + 2 = 10
A solution is a mixture _____. in which a solid solute is always dissolved in a liquid solvent that is heterogeneous that has the same properties throughout from which the solute can be filtered
Answer: A solution is a homogeneous mixture inwhich a solid solute is dissolved in a solvent .
Example , milk in water.
Table salt in water.
Chemical solutions are homogeneous. Properties are same throughout.
While heterogeneous solution, there are more than two types of matter like solid, liquid.
Example, sand in water, ice cubes in drinks.
How many moles of H2SO4 are required to completely neutralize 0.10 moles of Ca(OH)2?
Answer:
0.10 mol of sulfuric acid will neutralize 0.10 mol of calcium hydroxide.
Explanation:
[tex]H_2SO_4+Ca(OH)_2\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O[/tex]
1 mol of sulfuric acid reacts or neutralizes with 1 mol of calcium hydroxide.
Then 0.10 mole of calcium hydroxide will be neutralized by:
[tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.10 mol= 0.10 mol[/tex] of sulfuric acid
0.10 mol of sulfuric acid will neutralize 0.10 mol of calcium hydroxide.
Ice has the density of 0.93 g/cm3, and water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3. Will ice float or sink in water?
Answer is ice will float on water as it is having lesser density than water .
As the object that is having low density will float on a substance that is having higher density. If we compare density of water and ice we will found that ice is having low density that is 0.93 g/cm3 and water is having high density that is 1.0 g/cm3. So as ice is having low density than water it will float on water.
Consider the following equation in chemical equilibrium. C2H4(g) + H2(g) mc009-1.jpg C2H6(g) + 137 kJ What happens to the amount of ethane (C2H6) when the temperature of the system is increased? The amount of ethane decreases. The amount of ethane increases initially and then decreases. The amount of ethane increases. The amount of ethane decreases initially and then increases.
Answer:
The correct answer is a) the amount of ethane decrease.
What is the boiling point of a solution made by mixing 75.0g ZnCl2 with 375.0 grams of water? (Kb for water is 0.512 C/m)
Final answer:
The boiling point of a solution made by mixing ZnCl2 with water can be calculated using the boiling point elevation formula. In this case, the boiling point of the solution is approximately 100.707°C.
Explanation:
Boiling point elevation formula: ΔTb = iKbm
Given: Mass of ZnCl2 = 75.0g, mass of water = 375.0g, Kb for water = 0.512°C/m, i = 2 (for ZnCl2)
Calculations: ΔTb = 2 * 0.512 * (75.0/136.30) = 0.707°C
Boiling point of solution: 100.0°C + 0.707°C = 100.707°C
Maya, a student, performs a titration. She completes the following steps as part of her titration procedure. 1. She cleans and rinses a burette with base solution. 2. She fills the burette with standardized base solution. 3. She adds a base from a burette to an acid. 4. She observes a color change in the Erlenmeyer flask. 5. She continues to add more base. Based on the above procedure, will she obtain accurate results? Yes, because the more base there is, the better the results will be. No, because she initially contaminated the burette with base. Yes, because she used a standardized base solution in the burette. No, because she did not stop adding base once the color changed.
Which is not used in integrated pest management?
A. synthetic pesticides
B. bacteria
C. natural ladybugs
D. viruses
PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!
When silver tarnishes, a _____ reaction happens.
1. combustion
2. decomposition
3. double replacement
4. single replacement
5. synthesis
When silver tarnishes, a single replacement reaction occurs, during which silver is replaced by sulfur atoms, forming silver sulfide and changing the oxidation state of the silver.
Explanation:When silver tarnishes, a single replacement reaction happens. This is because the silver metal reacts with sulfur, commonly found in traces in the air or from certain foods like eggs, and undergoes a reaction where the silver is replaced by sulfur atoms, forming silver sulfide.
During this process, the oxidation state of the silver changes, which is another characteristic of a single replacement reaction. Other possible reaction categories could include synthesis, decomposition, double replacement, and combustion, but these do not accurately describe the tarnishing of silver. In a synthesis reaction, multiple substances combine to form a single new substance, while in decomposition, a single compound breaks down to form multiple new substances. Combustion typically involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light.
The tarnishing of silver thus illustrates an oxidation-reduction, or “redox” reaction, encompassing aspects of a single replacement reaction in which the element sulfur replaces the silver in a compound, altering the silver's oxidation state in the process.
what effect does adding a solute have on the boiling point of a solution? a. the temp. at which the solution boils is lowered b. the temp. at which the solution boils is unchanged c. the temp. at which the solution boils is raised d. the solution will never reach a boiling point temp.
A dissolved solute raises the boiling point of a solvent.
Increasing the total pressure above a liquid raises the boiling point. Which of the following best explains why?
Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCl, to form magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. The reaction is: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 What is the mass of HCl that would be required to completely react with 5.2 grams of Mg? 6.9 6.934 16 15.60
the answer above is wrong