Answer:Their treatment of Alison most clearly illustrates Ostracism.
Explanation:
Ostracism occurs when a social group intentionally excludes someone and does not accept them as member of the group.
This forms part of social rejection when one is not being welcomed within a group or by a certain individual if this continues for a long time an ostracized individual may start to feel lonely which may lead to depression or aggression.
Like Alison is being ignored and excluded from after school activities which may make her be a loner and start to feel unworthy or if may start to make her violent towards others as a defensive mechanism or a way of taking her emotions out.
Maria knows that she likes working with people and that she's very motivated by being able to make a difference in the lives of others. She also wants to make enough money to have a financially stable life, but she's not sure what kinds of jobs are out there that might be a good fit for her. Maria is in what stage of the career development cycle?
Maria is in at the exploration stage of the career development cycle.
Explanation:
The exploration career stage is the first stage before employment where the individual just graduated college and ready to join the work environment. The individual also narrows down their preferences influenced by parents, friends and teachers to get a right career path.
There is also a tendency to have expectations that may be unrealistic, creating fantasies about the place of employment, work or work environment before being employed. For most people, the exploration stage is at mid-twenties while for some it might come late or earlier.
Some motivational researchers make an important distinction between _________ motivation, which involves performing an activity to obtain an external reward or prize, and ___________ motivation, which involves engaging in an activity for its own sake because it is enjoyable or engaging.
Answer:
The answer is extrinsic and intrinsic, respectively.
Explanation:
Extrinsic motivation comes from an external factor, such as money, a promotion or a good grade. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation reflects an attitude of enjoyment or self-improvement.
Some studies have shown that both types of motivation can be effective. However, too much extrinsic motivation can decrease already intrinsic motivation. In other words, offering a reward could give people the impression that a task is dull.
Larry suspects that his girlfriend wants to break up with him. Being a rather mean-spirited fellow, Larry tells his girlfriend that if she breaks up with him, she will be alone and will never find another boyfriend. To manipulate his girlfriend, Larry is drawing his girlfriend’s attention to the ________ component of Caryl Rusbult’s investment model of commitment.
Larry is drawing his girl friend's attention to the alternative quality component of Caryl Rusbult's investment model of commitment.
Caryl Rusbult's investment model of commitment suggests that commitment in a relationship is influenced by three components:
Satisfaction: This refers to how satisfied individuals are in their relationship.
Investment: This involves the resources, time, and energy that individuals have invested in the relationship.
Alternative Quality: This component considers the perceived desirability and availability of alternatives outside the current relationship.
By telling his girl friend that she will be alone and never find another , Larry is trying to manipulate her perception of the alternative quality.
He is making it seem less desirable or viable for her to consider alternatives outside the current relationship.
Ruthie is an elderly woman and has a very high fever. She normally is pretty sharp, but with this high fever, she seems to be almost out of her mind. She doesn't remember what she is doing, can't sustain a conversation, and is generally confused about any decisions that have to be made. A week or so later, the fever subsides and Ruthie seems back to her normal self. While the fever was high, Ruthie experienced _____.
Answer:Delirium
Explanation:
Delirium is a quick unexpected change in one's brain which may cause them to become emotional wrecked mental confused.
This cause a person to find it hard to recall things ,sleep,focus and think.
If occurs mostly after one has had surgery , they are trying to quit alcohol and to those who are suffering from dementia.
Kelly is studying for her introductory psychology exam and is struggling to learn the personality disorders. Her roommate helps her by explaining that all of the following disorders are part of the anxious cluster (cluster C) EXCEPT__________.
The correct answer would be, Paranoid.
Her roommate helps her by explaining that all of the following disorders are part of anxious cluster except Paranoid.
Explanation:
There are many personality disorders according to the studies of psychology. These are being grouped together in clusters. Some main personality disorders are:
Paranoid Personality DisorderSchizoid Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality DisorderBorderline Personality DisorderAvoidant Personality Disorder, and many more.The personality in Cluster C are Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders. This is called as the fearful and anxious cluster. This cluster has these disorders except Paranoid.
Paranoid is found in cluster A, along with Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorders.
Learn more about Personality Disorders at:
https://brainly.com/question/2462010
#LearnWithBrainly
Armond does not feel much emotion and does not really want to do anything. He has also completely withdrawn from his friends and family. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ schizophrenia.
A) active
B) positive
C) negative
D) psychomotor
Answer:
C) negative
Explanation:
Contrary to the classical delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect that are examples of a "positive" aspect of the sickness, the negative side also called residual effects will often follow a major episode or be present when someone with schizoprenia is being treated.
Residual effects, are those where a person experiences a lack of interest for life, low motivation levels, and often is lacking social behavior.
A person often will live isolated or show syptoms very close to anhedonia and depression, where no longer the major effects that were psychotic will occur.
Important is to be aware that these residual symptoms may prevent a person to carrying with life and experiencing recovery. The concience of these should be always best accompained by learning new coping strategies.
Explain why materiality is important but difficult to apply in practice.
A. Materiality is important because it sets a standard baseline for financial statements that auditors must adhere to before the audit opinion can be made. It is difficult to apply because the cost versus the benefit of the standard baseline can be extremely difficult to achieve under larger companies.
B. Materiality is important because it requires the auditor to exercise considerable professional judgment when applying the application to ensure financial gains. It is difficult to apply because the auditor's judgment is limited to the professional auditing standards guidelines.
C. Materiality is important because if financial statements are materially misstated, users' decisions may be affected, and thereby cause financial loss to them. It is difficult to apply because there are often many different users of the financial statements.
D. Materiality is important because it ensures third parties that every financial statement they review are not misstated. It is difficult to apply because there are often multiple auditors and they set materiality to different amounts depending upon what section of the financial statement they are auditing.
Materiality is important because if financial statements are materially misstated, users' decisions may be affected, and thereby cause financial loss to them. It is difficult to apply because there are often many different users of the financial statements is the correct statement for the difficulty of applying the materiality in practice.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Materiality is important but difficult to apply in practice because the user’s decisions may be hugely affected if the financial statements are misstated materially and this may cause a loss.
It is also very difficult in applying in practice due to having many different users of the financial statements. Making an assessment of the users is compulsory by the auditors and use the application of the materiality.
Your dog is barking so loudly that it's making your ears ring. You clap your hands, the dog stops barking your ears stop ringing, and you think to yourself, "I'll have to do that when he barks again." The end of the barking was for you aa. positive reinforcerb. negative reinforcerc. positive punishmentd. negative punishment
Answer:
positive reinforcement
Explanation:
i think so beacuse you are not abusing the dog and by clapping the dog can learn that he should stop without him being hit
Identify the displays of emotion as biologically innate or governed by cultural display rules.
Final answer:
Displays of emotion are both biologically innate and influenced by cultural display rules. Universal facial expressions suggest a biological basis, while cultural norms dictate socially appropriate ways to express emotions.
Explanation:
The display and recognition of emotions can be both biologically innate and culturally driven. The ability to produce and recognize facial expressions of emotions such as happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, and others, appears to be universal, even among individuals with no visual reference, suggesting a biological basis.
For example, studies have shown that congenitally blind individuals produce the same facial expressions as sighted individuals when expressing emotions, supporting the biological underpinning of emotional displays (Ekman & Keltner, 1997).
However, cultural display rules significantly affect how emotions are expressed. For instance, although the capacity to express emotions may be innate, individuals learn through socialization when and how it is appropriate to show emotions in their cultural context (Malatesta & Haviland, 1982). These rules can dictate the extent and manner in which emotions are expressed, thus influencing tone of voice and body language.
Moreover, studies like those of Matsumoto (1990) indicate cultural similarities and differences in display rules, showing that while our expressive capacity is shared, cultural norms shape the expression's socially acceptable form. Overall, emotion expression is an interplay between our biological makeup and the cultural norms we internalize.
Emotional expressions are biologically innate but are modulated by cultural display rules. Universality in recognizing and producing facial expressions exists alongside cultural variations in emotional display. Gender differences may also influence emotional processing and regulation.
Explanation:The capacity to produce and recognize facial expressions of emotions is generally considered a biologically innate ability and has been demonstrated across various cultures and even in individuals with congenital blindness. This suggests that such expressions are rooted in our genetic makeup. The work of Paul Ekman in New Guinea and the findings in Charles Darwin's book support the universality of certain emotional expressions. These expressions correspond to seven universal emotions: happiness, surprise, sadness, fright, disgust, contempt, and anger.
Nonetheless, while the basis for emotional expression might be universal, the way we express or regulate these emotions is subject to cultural display rules. These rules can dictate the appropriateness of expressing certain emotions in specific social contexts. They influence the intensity and manner of emotional expressions and can differ based on cultural norms and societal expectations.
Moreover, aspects like gender differences in emotional processing and the regulation of emotions suggest that while there are universal aspects to emotions, individual and cultural factors play a significant role in how emotions are displayed and perceived. This interplay between innate biological factors and learned cultural rules illustrates the complex nature of human emotionality.
"I'm fat", says 17-year-old Keli to her boyfriend, who is also 17 years old. There is some truth to Keli's statement because the average 17-year-old girl has _____ times the percentage of body fat as a 17-year-old boy.
Answer:
two
Explanation:
According to studies conducted by various medical professionals it is said that on average 17-year-old girls have two times the percentage of body fat as a 17-year-old boy. This is caused by the difference in hormones that exists between both genders that regulate many aspects of the individuals body, one of which is body fat.
In poorer nations, subjective well-being is especially likely to be influenced by satisfaction with one's ________. In wealthier countries, subjective well-being is especially likely to be influenced by satisfaction with one's ________.
Answer:
a. life b . achievements
Explanation:
In poorer nations, subjective well-being is strongly tied to the satisfaction of basic needs, while in wealthier countries, it's more related to social relationships and personal achievements.
In poorer nations, subjective well-being is especially likely to be influenced by satisfaction with one's basic needs, such as food, shelter, and income. In wealthier countries, subjective well-being is especially influenced by satisfaction with one's social relationships and personal achievements, career success, educational attainment, or personal development. The concept of subjective well-being encompasses both happiness and life satisfaction, where an individual evaluates their life based on personal and societal standards.
The Easterlin Paradox illustrates that while income in developed nations has increased over the years, happiness levels have remained relatively stable, indicating that factors beyond material wealth are critical for life satisfaction. However, in less affluent societies, meeting basic needs is of utmost importance for subjective well-being, which tends to focus on survival and satisfaction with life's necessities.
Big Bull Energy Drink focuses its marketing on young males engaged in athletics who are seeking thrills. The company advertises its product at skateboard parks and ski resorts. This customer group that Big Bull clearly focuses its marketing efforts toward represents the?
The correct answer would be, Target Market.
This customer group that Big Bull clearly focuses its marketing efforts towards represents The Target Market.
Explanation:
Target Marketing is a concept in Marketing, in which a specific group of consumers are targeted by the companies for the sale of their product or service.
Consumers can be targeting on the basis of
Region where they liveGenderAgeInterestsReligion, etc.For example when Big Bull Drink advertises its product at skateboard parks and ski resorts, they were actually targeting the thrilled young males to buy their Energy Drink.
Learn more about Target Marketing at:
https://brainly.com/question/9971374
#LearnWithBrainly
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a
clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What
does this exemplify?
A. archetype
B. collective unconscious
C. Freudian slip
D. repressed memory
Answer: freudian slip
Explanation:
Marisol was an avid runner but mostly ran for the social aspect of being with friends and to stay in shape. She surprised herself one day, however, when in the middle of a run, she became so engrossed with running that she ran an extra hour around the track. She described it as feeling free and wonderful. This is an example of:________
Answer:
The answer is flow.
Explanation:
In psychology, the flow is a state of mind in which someone feels comfortable and energised in the process of an activity. It is also known as "being in the zone", and is characterised by such a complete immersion in the task that a person can lose their sense of space and time.
Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo’s auditory canal?
A. The cochlea
B. The auditory nerve
C. The anvil
D. The stirrup
E. The eardrum
Answer:
The eardrum
Explanation:
The eardrum is the part of the ear structure. This part is very important. It plays a great role in hearing impairment. It is very important for listening. It is also called the tympanic membrane. This membrane separates the ear part ear canal from the middle ear.
Tympanic membrane proliferation occurs for many causes. It depends on the size and whole f the eardrum. If proliferation occurs it creates a conducive hearing impairment in a person or a child. Due to this the middle ear does not get wet or liquid form. But if water enters the middle ear it creates a middle ear infection.
Thus eardrum plays a vital role in hearing and impairment in the ear.
The first structure that sound waves encounter after moving through the auditory canal is The eardrum. The eardrum converts the energy of sound waves into mechanical vibrations, which then flow to various other parts of the ear.
Explanation:When Domingo hits play and starts listening to a new song, the sound waves will travel along the auditory canal and the first structure they will encounter in the ear is E. The eardrum. The eardrum, also known as the tympanic membrane, acts as a barrier between the outer ear and the middle ear, but it also functions as a transducer, converting the energy of sound waves into mechanical vibrations. Those mechanical vibrations are then transmitted to the auditory bone structures – including the anvil and the stirrup – before reaching the cochlea, and finally, the auditory nerve for processing in the brain.
Learn more about Ear anatomy here:https://brainly.com/question/30767831
#SPJ11
Personal selling can be more effective than advertising in complex selling situations because it is ______________________________. A. designed to reach large groups of consumers B. nonpersonal C. interpersonal D. only used for face-to-face customer interactions E. less engaging than advertising
The correct answer would be option C, Interpersonal.
Personal selling can be more effective than advertising in complex selling situations because it is Interpersonal.
Explanation:
Personal selling is a Marketing Strategy in which a sales representative meets a potential customer. This meeting is for the purpose of transacting a sale.
In personal selling, Interpersonal relationships play a vital role. Interpersonal basically means the relationships with people. So if relationship of a sales representative is good with the people, he is likely to do more sales due to his interpersonal skills. He will be able to influence his known people more effectively and are pretty good chances of completing the sale on his own.
Learn more about Personal Selling at:
https://brainly.com/question/14012530
#LeranWithBrainly
Ashley's mother is concerned as Ashley has become increasingly reclusive and prefers not to interact with anyone. She rarely shows any expression or emotion and remains cheerless all the time. Her mother is alarmed when she expresses a desire to live alone for the rest of her life. Ashley is most likely to be diagnosed with _____A) personality disorder.B) paranoidC) antisocialD) borderline schizoid
Answer:
The answer is D. borderline schizoid.
Explanation:
This disorder is characterised by a lack of social engagement. Schizoid people usually prefer solitude and show detachment or apathy. Another feature is lack of enjoyment from most activities.
The symtpoms for this disorder usually appear during adolescence, and has been linked to "low levels of success" in later stages of life (failure in building status and intimate relationships).
Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under a(n) _____.
a. A meritocracy
b. A class system
c. A caste system
Answer:
The answer is c. A caste system.
Explanation:
This system, very prominent in India, is based on castes: this is, a social structure characterised by the hereditary transmission of values and traditions, which include occupation, lifestyle and beliefs. Castes might exclude different social groups based on the concept of "purity" and "pollution".
This means that the lower castes are unlikely to advance economically, especially since caste systems are based on endogamy (marrying only people in the same class or ethnic group).
If a security threat is deemed drastic enough to declare war, then which branch in the government is allowed to declare war?
Answer:
The legislative branch (Congress), has to power to declare war.
Valerie is explaining to Mark how to multiply. "Five times three means you take three groups that each has five things in it. When you combine the groups together, you get the answer." Valerie’s understanding of the mental process that she goes through to explain multiplication is called:
Answer:
The answer is metacognition.
Explanation:
In simple words, metacognition is the process of thinking about the way we think. This can occur when we reflect on our feelings, or when we find the most effective way for us to learn.
When a child learns about multiplications, metacognition occurs after he/she understands the meaning of the concept (some children see it as adding the same number mutiple times).
The department that Andy supervises ranks highest among the company's profit centers. Andy works hard to maintain good interpersonal relationships with his employees. This example demonstrates which of the following principles?
a. Positive reinforcement may increase productivity.
b. Avoiding confirmation behaviors will increase productivity.
c. Strokes equal bucks.
d. Productive workers become happy workers.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Positive reinforcement may increase productivity. No doubt about it.
Final answer:
Andy's success in managing the top-ranking department through strong interpersonal relationships exemplifies the principle of positive reinforcement, where positive behavior is followed by positive consequences, enhancing productivity.
Explanation:
The example of Andy supervising the most profitable department in the company and maintaining good interpersonal relationships with employees demonstrates the principle of positive reinforcement. According to the concept of positive reinforcement, a positive behavior followed by positive consequences, such as a manager praising an employee, leads to an increase in the desired behavior. Andy's successful management style, which includes building strong relationships, likely contributes to the high productivity and profitability of his department, reinforcing the idea that when employees are treated well and feel valued, they are more likely to perform better and contribute to the success of the company.
__________needs to take place when there is accurate information about the behaviors that occur in crisis situations.
a) A through interview with the person you support.
b) A functional behavior assessment .
c) A review of the previous days notes.
d) A videotaped observation of the crisis.
Answer:
b) A functional behavior assessment
Explanation:
A functional behavior assessment can provide information about the behaviors that occur in crisis situations which can lead to the understanding of the purpose of the behavior and can also help in identifying the factors that are maintaining that behavior or assisting in occurrence of that behavior. Once there is accurate information about the behaviors, then functional behavior assessment must be conducted as soon as possible so that the negative impact on the individual's personal, academic or professional life can be minimized.
which of the following are results from twin and adoption personality studies?1. identical twins raised apart have similar personality traits2. there appears to be little parental influence on adopted children's personalities3. the correlations of personality traits between identical twins are higher than the correlations for fraternal twins4. adopted children's personalities are not similar to those of the parents who adopt and raise them
Identical twins raised apart have similar personality traits.
There appears to be little parental influence on adopted children's personalities.
Adopted children's personalities are not similar to those of the parents who adopt and raise them.
The correlations of personality traits between identical twins are higher than the correlations for fraternal twins.
Twin and adoption studies, particularly the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, show that identical twins display similar personalities even when raised separately, suggesting a strong genetic influence on personality. These studies also indicate that adoptive parental influence is relatively minor, and that genetic factors are more significant than environmental ones in determining personality traits.
Explanation:Twin and adoption studies have provided substantial evidence about the role of genetics in the development of personality traits. The noted Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart lends significant support to several key findings:
Identical twins raised apart have similar personality traits, indicating a strong genetic component to personality.Adoption studies reveal that there is little parental influence on adopted children's personalities, suggesting that genetics play a larger role than the home environment in personality development.The correlations of personality traits between identical twins are higher than those for fraternal twins, further demonstrating that genetics contributes more significantly to personality than does environment.Adopted children's personalities do not show significant similarities to the personalities of their adoptive parents, reaffirming the idea that genetics plays a more crucial role than upbringing in shaping personality.In sum, these studies highlight the importance of heredity in personality development, while also noting that the environment does indeed interact with genetic predispositions to shape an individual's personality.
To help officers understand when the employment of different types of force may be reasonable, most departments provide officers with a "continuum of force." True / False.
Answer: True
Every police training program begins with the study of a Continuum of Force. This consists of when the police must application the strength levels. In this use of force, it begins with the Presence, and continues with the Dialogue, to move to Physical Contact (defense with empty hands), then we have the Use of the Police Staff (objects) and ends with the Use of the Firearm.
Jack is dating LuAnn, a native oriental woman who just immigrated to the United States with her family. After having dinner with LuAnn and her family, Jack complemented LuAnn's mother on the meal and asked what the delicious entree was. She responds, "roast dog". Jack now feels uncomfortable with in LuAnn's home and has serious doubts about his future with her. Jack's sense of disorientation is an example of __________.
Answer:
Jack's sense of disorientation is an example of culture shock.
Explanation:
Culture shock can refer experiences that a person goes through when they move to anoher country, disorientation felt by people who emigrate to a new country, move to another type of life. Although it is common for individuals in foreign countires Jack demonstrates it here, since he is uncomfortable wiht LuAnn's customs. His cultureal views are contrasted with hers, and this leads to culture shock.
Final answer:
Jack's discomfort upon learning he had eaten "roast dog" at LuAnn's family dinner exemplifies 'culture shock,' a sensation of disorientation experienced when one encounters unfamiliar cultural practices.
Explanation:
Jack's sense of disorientation after learning that the meal he enjoyed was "roast dog" is an example of culture shock. Culture shock occurs when a person encounters cultural practices different from their own, leading to feelings of unease or discomfort as they try to reconcile these differences with their own beliefs and values. Jack's experience is similar to what a traveler might feel when faced with unfamiliar customs in a new environment, and it reflects the discomfort and doubts about how to behave appropriately in a new cultural setting.
Philosopher who wrote disobedience is the true foundation of liberty
Answer:
The Philosopher who wrote disobedience is the true foundation of liberty is:
- Henry David Thoreau.
Explanation:
Henry David Thoreau was an American philosopher, poet and writer from 19th century, who wrote "Walden and Civil Disobedience" where he lay the foundation the disobedience with his famous phrase, which complete is: "The disobedience is the true foundation of liberty, the obedient must be slaves", where he conceptualizes the requirements that have a person for being considered free.
Jakob likes to question everything, from why his parents keep plants in the house to why his teacher wants the class to make paintings for their class project. The exasperated teacher exclaims, "Because I said so, Jakob!" Jakob internalized the message that obedience is valued by his teacher. Obedience in Jakob's class is an example of a hidden _____.
Answer:
Obedience in Jakob's class is an example of a hidden curriculum.
Explanation:
curricula are the subjects that the courses of study in your school consists of. obedience was a hidden one!!!
bye!
Heather has been using a roadway at the back of the 22 acres Pam owns in order to access a fishing pond. She has been driving down the roadway almost every day without permission for over 20 years. This is called an:_______
Answer:
The correct answer is Easement by prescription.
Explanation:
Easement by prescription is defined as an easement obtained by prescription by using the sirvient land in a particular, openly, exclusively, adversely and uninterrupted way for a determined amount of time. The user gets the easement with the years specified by state statute. So in Heather case she's been using the 22 acres that Pam owns to get to the fishing pond, in an openly, adversely, exclusively and uninterrupted way for over 20 years, therefore this is called getting an Easement by prescription.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that people are unlikely to be motivated to obtain ________ if they are deprived of ________. a) good grades in school; b) love and safety sexual gratification; c) self-esteem friendship and love; d) religious fulfillment food and shelter; e) political freedom.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising of hierarchical levels within a pyramid. It depicts human needs and tells us that human beings are expected to accomplish the level below each other before moving up the hierarchy.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that people are unlikely to be motivated to obtain religious fulfillment if they are deprived of food and shelter.
Explanation:Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that people are unlikely to be motivated to obtain religious fulfillment if they are deprived of food and shelter. The hierarchy of needs, developed by Abraham Maslow, describes the different levels of human needs and how they motivate behavior. At the bottom of the pyramid are the physiological needs, such as food and shelter, which are necessary for survival. Only when these basic needs are met can an individual focus on higher-order needs, such as self-actualization.
Kelsey feels stressed because of her responsibilities of being a mom. However, she tends to be optimistic, engages in constructive coping, and is resilient. The likelihood of her developing a psychophysiological disorder is slim due to:
personality style.
biochemical activity.
social support.
behavioral changes.
Answer:
personality style
Explanation:
A personality style refers to the inclination or persistence of a person to use certain tools when faced by certain situations. This is based on personal traits and behaviors that have been developed over the years. Here, Kelsey has developed an optimistic, constructive coping mechanism based and resilience based personality style. This makes the development of a psycho-physiological disorder very slim. Hence, the answer is personality style.
Kelsey's reduced likelihood of developing a psychophysiological disorder is due to her personality style, which includes traits of optimism, constructive coping, and resilience, known as hardiness.
Explanation:Kelsey feels stressed due to her responsibilities as a mom, but her tendency towards optimism, engaging in constructive coping, and resilience contribute to a reduced likelihood of developing a psychophysiological disorder. These traits are part of her personality style, which includes hardiness, as per the research by Suzanne Kobasa and colleagues. Hardy individuals like Kelsey are optimistic, take direct action to understand and learn from life's stressors, and use effective coping strategies. This personal growth and ability to cope with stress positively influence mental and physical health, making such individuals less likely to succumb to stress-related disorders.