Amino acids with hydrophobic r groups are most often found buried in the interior of folded proteins. true or false

Final answer:

Amylose and cellulose differ in their glycosidic linkages and overall structure. Amylose has alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages and a helical structure, while cellulose has beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages and a more extended structure. Cellulose is insoluble in water and has mechanical strength, while amylose can form a colored product with iodine.

Explanation:

Amylose and cellulose are both linear polymers of glucose units, but they differ in the glycosidic linkages between the glucose units. Amylose has alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages, while cellulose has beta-1,4-glycosidic linkages.

Cellulose has a more extended structure than amylose due to the beta-1,4-linkages, allowing for extensive hydrogen bonding between adjacent chains. This close packing results in cellulose being insoluble in water and having mechanical strength.

On the other hand, amylose has a helical structure formed by the alpha-1,4-linkages, and it can form a colored product when bound to iodine.

Amylose has α-1,4-glycosidic linkages leading to a helical structure, while cellulose has β-1,4-glycosidic linkages resulting in a straight chain that enables tight packing and significant mechanical strength.

The difference in the structure of amylose and cellulose lies in the type of glycosidic linkages that bind the glucose units together. In amylose, the glucose units are connected through α-1,4-glycosidic linkages, which promote a helical structure. On the other hand, cellulose is characterized by β-1,4-glycosidic linkages, which result in a straight, extended polymer chain. This structure of cellulose encourages extensive hydrogen bonding between adjacent chains, making them pack closely into fibers, giving cellulose its great mechanical strength and making it insoluble in water.

Due to the different linkages, amylose, and cellulose exhibit distinct physical properties. Amylose can interact with iodine to form a colored complex, which allows it to be identified in starch. In contrast, the lack of a helical structure in cellulose means it cannot bind to iodine to form a colored product.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option-D

Explanation:

Polymerase chain reaction or PCR is the technique which creates the copy or replicates the DNA from a sample.  The PCR technique is based on the DNA replication mechanism which employs the DNA polymerase enzymes and primers.

Since PCR is a technique therefore, to break the hydrogen bonds of the DNA, the sample is heated at a temperature above 94° C in which the natural DNA Polymerase will not withstand. So, an equivalent enzyme called Taq polymerase enzyme is used.

Since the Taq polymerase enzyme is extracted from a Thermophilic bacteria known as Thermus aquaticus therefore, the temperature can withstand the high temperature which is provided during the PCR.

Thus, option-D is the correct answer.

Answer:

D) do not have a cellular structure.

Explanation:

Viruses are known to be acellular  as they do not have cellular structure. they do not have most of the cellular components i.e they dont have

 Plasma membrane

  ribosomes

although viruses consist of nucleic acids, proteins,lipids and carbohydrates but they dont have the ability to perform and function and divide unless they enter any other living host cell. viruses uses the machinery of the living host cell and without the cells viruses are unable to divide.

Answer:

The answers are: NUCLEIC ACID, TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION, DNA, AND MRNA.

Explanation:

A promoter and a start codon are similar in that both are sequences of____NUCLEIC ACID______ that are required to start important processes, and both determine the sites where the process will begin. The key differences are that the promoter is needed to start__TRANSCRIPTION___and the start codon is needed to start____TRANSLATION____. Also, the promoter is a___DNA _____ sequence only, and the start codon is a sequence found within a(n)___MRNA.____.

Answer:

Explanation:

An error in cell division occurred in the known species, leading to the development of an autopolyploid tetraploid offspring that evolved into the new species.

Answer:

The correct option is C. A gene is a specific segment of DNA on a chromosome

Explanation:

Option A is false because a gene is a segment on a chromosome.

Option B is false because a chromosome carries many genes.

Option D is false because a gene carries a segment of DNA, not all of the DNA.

Option C is correct because there are many genes present on a single chromosome. Each gene carries a segment of DNA. The position of a gene on the chromosome is known as its loci.

Answer:

c,

Explanation:

a gene is a specific sediment of DNA on a chromosome

Answer:

1. ask seperate questions

2. i look it up to get an answer

3. i dont find it

4. now im here explaining to you that you need to

5. ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS

Explanation:

ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONSASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONSASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONSASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONSASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONSASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONSASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONSASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONSASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS ASK SEPERATE  QUESTIONS. thank you.

Answer:

Option C, Positive control

Explanation:

This process (as described in question) is termed as positive control of transcription. This is a positive control as it causes up regulation. Up regulation enhances or increases the rate at which an operon transcripts.  

This is also known as glucose effect and was first discovered in E.coli. To understand the glucose effect, a graph was plotted which depicted that bacteria utilizes glucose as an energy source till it get exhausted. After exhaustion of glucose, lactose is used for exponential growth

Hence, option C is correct

Answer:

biogeochemical cycle

Explanation:

A biogeochemical cycle is the one in which an element, molecule or compound circulate between living and non living things. It is also known as an inorganic-organic cycle. A chemical, element or molecule changes its form while moving from one biotic or abiotic component to another biotic or abiotic component. These elements in a cycle are usually converted into usable forms and then transferred from one stage to other where they remain in sink for some period of time and lastly released to the environment in their original form.

Some common biogeochemical cycles are – sulfur cycle, phosphorus cycle, nitrogen cycle etc.  

Using parasites for biological control of pests to increase crop yields is the human activity that would have the most positive impact on the environment.

The human activity that would most likely have a positive impact on the environment is using parasites for biological control of pests to increase crop yields. This method of pest control involves introducing natural enemies, such as predators or parasites, that prey upon and destroy pest species. It is an effective and sustainable alternative to using synthetic chemical pesticides, which can harm non-target species and have negative effects on human health.

Answer:

Explanation:

If the patient makes any statement that includes the wrong measures or actions that should be taken to prevent side effects then it is clear that they need further teaching. On the basis of treatment for psychosis with perphenazine then such  wrong statement may be something like the following: "If I have a dry mouth then I need to take lozenges or eat hard candy for a period of 2 weeks"

Answer:

a. Calcium is an electrolyte that assists in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Explanation:

In the process of muscle contraction, the action potential (electrical impulse) releases the calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum located in the muscle.

Calcium then flows into the cytoplasm, where the actin and myosin filaments are located, which will interact with each other to promote muscle contraction.

Thus, it can be concluded that calcium does play an important role in nerve impulse transmission.

Given the above statements, it is concluded that the correct alternative is "A" .

As for the other statements: Calcium, as described above, also participates in the process of muscle contraction, however it is the muscle cells that contract, not the nerve cells (Statement B).

In addition, calcium does not participate in the formation of muscle cells (Statement C), nor can it make the blood slightly acidic (Statement D) because it has alkaline (basic) character.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option-A

Explanation:

The Mosses are the non-vascular plants that were developed from the aquatic plants and the ferns are the vascular plants which developed from the bryophytes.

Their life cycle shows alternation of generation and is largely dependent on the water for reproduction mainly fertilization or fusion of gametes.

The male gametes produced in these plant groups are haploid and are released in water which fuses in water with female gamete which is distinct from the higher plant groups gymnosperms and angiosperms where fertilization is mediated by mostly the wind or insects.

Thus, option-A is the correct answer.

Answer:

C) Bacteria are responsible for converting sunlight into usable chemical energy.

**This is the role of producers, mostly plants and algae, on Earth. Producers start a food chain; decomposers like bacteria complete it.

Bacteria have many important roles in nature except being responsible for

converting sunlight into usable chemical energy.

Bacteria are organisms and are prokaryotes and have some beneficial

uses e.g in decomposition as well as non-beneficial uses e.g pathogens for

illnesses.

Bacteria however don't convert sunlight into usable chemical energy as this

is done by the primary producers such as plants. This process is regarded as

photosynthesis in which plants convert light energy from the sun to

chemical energy needed by the consumers.

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Answer:

The correct oder is given below:

Explanation:

The oder of the events during muscle conratction as as follows:

Answer:

P. aeruginosa

Explanation:

P. aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the family Pseudomonadaceae.

From the given question the following points lead us to conclude that the colony that will be growing would be of P. aeruginosa :

1. Flat spreading colonies with a metallic sheen on SBA - P. aeruginosa is known to produce smooth colonies with flat edges.

2. Fluorescent green color in the media with clear colonies on cetrimide agar - P. aeruginosa is known to produce pyoverdin which is a fluorescent pigment under low iron conditions.

3. Medium clear colonies that have a "fruity or grape-like odor" on MacConkey Agar - P. aeruginosa has a sweet fruity odor which is its characteristic odor because of the production of trimethylamine.

Thus, from all these characteristics one can conclude that the organism in the culture is P. aeruginosa.

Answer: The circumflex artery

Explanation: the circumflex artery curves to the left around the heart inside the coronary sulcus, there by forming one or more left marginal arteries. the marginal arteries are also called obtuse marinal artery.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option-The bird songs are analogous traits

Explanation:

Analogous traits are the traits which evolved independently in the unrelated organisms but they perform the same functions.

The analogous traits are derived due to the process of convergence that is to perform the same function depending on the habitat thus, development of analogous traits explains the convergent evolution.

The convergence could be observed not only anatomically but in the behavior as well as the physiology. In the given question, since the unrelated species of bird sing songs with similar qualities shows that the singing trait is an analogous trait.

Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.

Final answer:

The phenomenon where unrelated bird species have similar song qualities is an example of convergent evolution, indicating the songs are analogous traits, developed independently due to similar environmental pressures.

Explanation:

When we observe that some bird species that are not closely related have very similar song qualities, this is an example of convergent evolution. Here, the bird songs are analogous traits, meaning they perform similar functions but do not share a common evolutionary origin. This is akin to how the wings of bats and insects function similarly but have evolved independently from different ancestral structures. Convergent evolution arises when different species face similar environmental pressures and select for the same adaptations, leading to similar traits.

Answer:

Not enough information is given to answer the question.

Explanation:

The top strand has the inititation codon, ATG, so by logic this should be the coding strang. However, considering that is a complete sequence for a short peptide, it fails to have a termination codon, since in this case the last codon is TCA, which codes for the aminoacid Serine. The termination codons for DNA are TAA Termination (ochre), TAG Termination (amber) or TGA Termination (opal or umber). So, the top strand has the iniciaiton codon, but lacks the termination, so this is incomplete to make the statement of this strand being coding the short peptide.

Answer:

The answer is C

Explanation:

Answer: I think c) "She's eating high-calorie foods, and we encourage fluids, too."  is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Answer:

a

Explanation:

the rate of oxygen consumption were lower than rates of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs at a faster rate than oxygen consumption, more oxygen present in atmosphere than carbon dioxide

Answer:

The correct answer will be options-B and D

Explanation:

The studies on the history of origin and evolution of life on Earth shows that all the organisms have evolved from a common descendant. This indicates that they possessed the same chemical-genetic or heredity molecule called Nucleic acid whether DNA or RNA.

DNA acts as the universal genetic material as it is present in all organisms except few. The process related to the DNA molecule is the same in all the organisms.

Since in the given question, the transfer of genes to plants via Agrobacterium and then the expression of the gene in plants shows that the passing of DNA has no barrier as  DNA is the genetic material and the enzyme RNA polymerase recognized the gene which could help produce the mRNA from the gene.

Thus, options-B and D is the correct answer.

Tobacco plants can express the hemagglutinin gene and produce the hemagglutinin protein due to a universal genetic code and the action of promoters. The universal genetic code allows the foreign gene to be read and expressed by the plant's cellular machinery. Promoters facilitate the initiation of transcription, allowing the tobacco plant's RNA polymerase to recognize and transcribe the foreign gene.

The ability of the tobacco plants to express the inserted hemagglutinin gene and produce the hemagglutinin protein is primarily driven by the presence of a universal genetic code and the action of specific promoters. The genetic code is a set of rules that almost all life on earth follows, it dictates how sequences of nucleotides, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. Thus, the inserted gene can be read and expressed by the tobacco plant's cellular machinery in a similar way as its own genes would be.

Moreover, the process of transcription - the first step in gene expression - needs to be initiated. This is where promoters come into play. They are DNA sequences located upstream of a gene that provide a binding site for RNA polymerase and other transcription factors, facilitating the accurate initiation of transcription. Hence, correct promoters are crucial for the tobacco plant's RNA polymerase to recognize and transcribe the foreign hemagglutinin gene into messenger RNA.

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Answer: The answer is A Panic Disorder

Explanation:

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder which usually causes recurring and unexpected panic attacks. The individual feels sudden episodes of intense fear and anxiety and terror when there is no real danger and feels like they are losing control.

It can be caused by severe stress, medical conditions or physical causes.

Answer:

The answer is the subdivisions of the Autonomic nervous system.

Explanation:

The sympathetic and parasympathetic are the subdivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System. Their actions are usually antagonistic to each other.

Answer & explanation:

Hypopituitarism is a rare disorder in which the pituitary gland of the brain cannot produce one or more hormones in sufficient quantity. When this happens, various body mechanisms may not function properly, especially those related to growth, blood pressure or reproduction.

Depending on the hormone that is affected, symptoms may vary, but usually the doctor may suspect a case of hypopituitarism when a child is not growing at a normal pace or when a woman has fertility problems, for example.

The most common signs of hypopituitarism include: easy tiredness, constant headaches,  weight loss for no apparent reason, excessive sensitivity to cold or heat, poor appetite, and difficulty to increase in size for children.

Answer:

bc, pigs smell and they love mud and mostly in cartoons they feed them leftovers.

Explanation:

when in reality mud keeps them cool and the stink is just poop and they dont eat leftovers, they eat oats and some weird white powder that makes them fat.

Answer:

because they are in the mud along time but it is to cool down and pigs are one of the cleanest know animals

Answer: True

Explanation:

The statement is true; skeletal muscle contraction results in the production of heat as an integral part of maintaining thermal homeostasis within the body, particularly noticeable during exercise and shivering.

The statement that one of the functions of skeletal muscle contraction is the production of heat is True. Skeletal muscles do more than facilitate locomotion and voluntary movements; they also play a crucial role in thermal homeostasis. When muscles contract, they utilize ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for energy, a process that inevitably leads to the generation of heat as a byproduct. During exercise, for instance, the body's temperature rises, a direct outcome of sustained muscle movement.

In addition to the heat produced during routine movements, skeletal muscles also respond to cold temperatures through shivering, an involuntary process where random muscle contractions produce heat to help raise the body's temperature. Shivering is an effective means of combating the cold and is a survival mechanism to prevent hypothermia. Aside from these functions, even when muscles are not actively creating movement, they exhibit a degree of tension known as muscle tone, which stabilizes joints and assists in maintaining posture.

Answer:

A. the hippocampus is one of the last brain structures to mature

Explanation:

hippocampus is the part of brain which plays an important role in learning an d memory. AS infantile amnesia is the inability of the person to recall the events occurs between 2 to 4 years and also before the age of 10 with passage of time.

the fast birth of cells in the hippocampus during prenantal period and neurogenesis is responsible for having inability of long lasting memories.

Infantile amnesia, or the inability to recall early childhood experiences, is best explained by the fact that the hippocampus, a critical brain structure for memory formation, matures late. Other factors like accumulated experiences or infant emotional reactivity might have some impact, but the brain's biological development offers a broader perspective.

The best explanation for infantile amnesia, the inability of adults to remember early childhood experiences, is given by option e. The hippocampus, a central structure for memory formation in the brain, is one of the last brain structures to mature. This delayed maturation can provide a plausible explanation for infantile amnesia, as it suggests that the brain's capacity for creating lasting, retrievable memories isn't fully developed in infancy. While other options like accumulating life experiences or the emotional reactivity of infants might contribute to some degree, the biological development of the hippocampus brings a more comprehensive perspective.

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Answer: It takes longer for hormones to be released into the bloodstream and taken to target cells than it does for electrical signals to be transmitted.

Explanation:

Answer:

   In humans, biotin is involved in important metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Biotin regulates the catabolic enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase at the posttranscriptional level whereas the holo-carboxylase synthetase is regulated at the transcriptional level.

Biotin functions as a cofactor that aids in the transfer of CO2 groups to various target macromolecules. Biotin has nine host enzymes with which it is associated. Humans only have four of these enzymes:

Pyruvate carboxylase (formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate)  

beta-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase  

Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA)  

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA)  

Biotin's other target enzymes include Steptividin, Avidin, homocitrate synthetase, and isopropylmalate synthase.

  In order to provide glucose for vital functions such as the metabolism of RBC's and the CNS during periods of fasting (greater than about 8 hrs after food absorption in humans), the body needs a way to synthesis glucose from precursors such as pyruvate and amino acids. This process is referred to as gluconeogenesis.