When 6.01 g of NH₃ reacts with 4.91 g of HCl, there are 3.71 grams of excess NH₃. HCl is the limiting reactant in this reaction based on the number of moles available.
The reaction between ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) to form ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is described by the balanced equation:
NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl
First, we need to determine the number of moles of each reactant.
Molar mass of NH₃ = 14.01 (N) + 3 × 1.01 (H) = 17.04 g/mol
Moles of NH₃ = 6.01 g / 17.04 g/mol = 0.3526 moles
Molar mass of HCl = 1.01 (H) + 35.45 (Cl) = 36.46 g/mol
Moles of HCl = 4.91 g / 36.46 g/mol = 0.1347 moles
From the balanced equation, the mole ratio of NH₃ to HCl is 1:1, meaning they react on a 1:1 basis. Therefore, HCl is the limiting reactant because we have fewer moles of HCl than NH₃.
Since the reaction is 1:1, 0.1347 moles of HCl will fully react with 0.1347 moles of NH₃. We started with 0.3526 moles of NH₃ and used up 0.1347 moles:
Moles of NH₃ remaining = 0.3526 - 0.1347 = 0.2179 moles
To find the mass of the excess NH₃:
Mass of excess NH₃ = 0.2179 moles × 17.04 g/mol = 3.71 g
Therefore, when 6.01 g of NH₃ reacts with 4.91 g of HCl, there are 3.71 grams of excess NH₃.
How many moles of copper are 4.57 x 1013 atoms of copper?
Taking into account the definition of avogadro's number, 7.59×10⁻¹¹ moles of copper are 4.57×10¹³ atoms of copper.
Avogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant is called the number of particles that make up a substance (usually atoms or molecules) and that can be found in the amount of one mole of said substance. Its value is 6.023×10²³ particles per mole. Avogadro's number applies to any substance.
Then you can apply the following rule of three: if 6.023×10²³ atoms are contained in 1 mole of copper, then 4.57×10¹³ atoms are contained in how many moles of copper?
amount of moles of copper= (4.57×10¹³ atoms × 1 mole)÷ 6.023×10²³ atoms
amount of moles of copper= 7.59×10⁻¹¹ moles
Finally, 7.59×10⁻¹¹ moles of copper are 4.57×10¹³ atoms of copper.
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https://brainly.com/question/11907018?referrer=searchResultshttps://brainly.com/question/1445383?referrer=searchResultshttps://brainly.com/question/1528951?referrer=searchResultsGenes help determine a person's traits or characteristics. scientific investigations into genes have helped scientists solve major societal issues. which issue would most likely benefit from these investigations?
A. treating inherited diseases
B. improving nutrition
C. preventing food borne illness
D. accessing clean drinking water
Answer:
The correct answer is option A, that is, treating inherited diseases.
Explanation:
Genetic testing comprises testing the DNA, that is, the chemical database, which conducts instructions for the functions of the body. Investigation of genes can demonstrate modifications in the genes, which may lead to a disease or illness.
If someone is exhibiting signs of a disease, which may be a result of genetic modifications, also known as mutated genes. Then in such cases, the examination of genes can show if one is exhibiting a suspected disorder. For example, genetic testing may be done to confirm a diagnosis of Huntington's disease or cystic fibrosis.
what kind of electrochemical cell might likely be used for a task such a electroplating?
Will the ph of a solution of kclo4 be >7, <7, or =7?
Write the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction: h2so4 (aq) → 2h+ (aq) + so−24 (aq)
Answer:
[tex]Keq =\frac{[H+]^{2} [SO4^{2-}]^{2} }{[H2SO4]}[/tex]
Explanation:
The equilibrium constant K is a parameter that relates the concentration of products to that of the reactants at equilibrium and under a given temperature.
Consider a hypothetical reaction:
xA + yB ↔ zC
where A and B are the reactants ; C is the product
x and y are the coefficients of the reactants; z is the product coefficient
The equilibrium constant is given as:
[tex]Keq = \frac{[C]^{z} }{[A]^{x}[B]^{y}}[/tex]
The given reaction is:
[tex]H2SO4(aq)\rightleftharpoons 2H+(aq)+ SO_{4}^{2-}(aq)[/tex]
[tex]Keq =\frac{[H+]^{2} [SO4^{2-}]^{2}}{[H2SO4]}[/tex]
Which statement best compare how coal is formed to the way natural gas and oil are formed
How does a turbine work to produce energy for electricity
Final answer:
Coal is formed from plant matter, while oil and natural gas are derived from marine organisms. A turbine produces electricity by spinning its blades with energy from different sources, transferring this motion to a generator.
Explanation:
The correct statement that compares the formation of coal to the way natural gas and oil are formed is: Coal results from the compressed remains of plant matter. Both oil and natural gas are compressed remains of marine organisms. So the correct answer is B. Coal, oil, and natural gas are all fossil fuels, but they form from different types of organic matter and under varying conditions of heat and pressure.
Coal is typically found as coal seams within rock layers and is formed from ancient swamp vegetation, whereas oil and natural gas originated from microorganisms in prehistoric water bodies and are often found together due to their similar formation processes.
A turbine works to produce energy for electricity by harnessing energy from various sources, such as the wind, water flow, or steam generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, to spin its blades. This motion is transferred to a generator, which converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy. The correct answer that describes this process is A: Energy from sources such as wind or from burning fossil fuels is used to spin the blades of the turbine. The turbine then powers a generator which produces electricity.
The reform reaction between steam and gaseous methane ( ch4 ) produces "synthesis gas," a mixture of carbon monoxide gas and dihydrogen gas. synthesis gas is one of the most widely used industrial chemicals, and is the major industrial source of hydrogen. suppose a chemical engineer studying a new catalyst for the reform reaction finds that 159. liters per second of methane are consumed when the reaction is run at 294.°c and 0.86atm . calculate the rate at which dihydrogen is being produced. give your answer in kilograms per second. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The rate of the dihydrogen production is 0.0175 kg/sec for the given reaction.
The given reaction
[tex]\bold {CH_4 + H_2O \rightarrow CO + 3H_2}[/tex]
One mole of Methane is react with one mole of water to form 1 mole of CO and 3 moles of Hydrogen.
The rate of hydrogen production can be calculated from ideal gas law
[tex]\bold {pV = nRT}[/tex]
Where,
p- pressure = 0,86 atm · 101,325 kPa/atm = 87,14 kPa.
V- volume of methane = 159 L
T - temperature= 294°C = 567 K.
R - gas constant = 8,314 J/K·mol.
n - number of moles = ?
Put the values in the formula, sole it for n,
[tex]\bold{n(CH₄) = \dfrac {pV} {RT}}\\\\\bold {n(CH₄) = \dfrac {87,14 kPa \times 159 L} {8,314 J/K.mol \times 567 K}.}\\\\\bold {n(CH₄) = 2,93 mol}[/tex]
Since, the molar ratio of methane to hydrogen is 3:1.
SO,
[tex]\bold {n(H_2) = 2,93 mol \times 3 }\\\\\bold {n (H_2) = 8,79 mol.}\\[/tex]
Hence, the mass of the dihydrogen produced,
[tex]\bold{ m(H_2) = 8.79 mol \times 2 g/mol.}\\\\\bold {m(H_2) = 17.58 g \times 0.001 kg/g}\\\\\bold {m(H_2) = 0.01758 kg}[/tex]
Therefore, the rate of the dihydrogen production is 0.0175 kg/sec for the given reaction.
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When vapors of a flammable or combustible liquid are mixed with air in the proportions in the presence of a source of ignition, rapid combustion or an explosion can occur. The proper proportion is called the _______________. A. Boiling range B. Flammable or explosive range C. Flash point
Answer: Option (B) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
When vapors of a flammable or combustible liquid are mixed together with air in the presence of a source of ignition in proportions rapid combustion or an explosion can occur. The proper proportion is called the flammable or explosive range.
Boiling range is defined as the range of temperature which is involved distillation of oil from the starting time to the time till it evaporates.
The lowest temperature at which an ignitable mixture can be formed from a liquid in air near its surface.
What is the term for a solid that forms when two solutions are mixed? a precipitate a gas a suspension a solution
the term for a solid when two solutions are mixed is a percipitate
Phosphoric acid has 3 pka values, which are 2.1, 6.9, and 12.4. draw the protonated form of phosphoric acid associated with the reaction whose pka value is 12.4. draw only one resonance form. do not draw lone electron pairs.
Which bond in the acetic acid molecule is the most polar?
The most polar bond in acetic acid is [tex]\boxed{{\text{O - H bond}}}[/tex].
Further explanation:
Electronegativity:
The tendency of an atom to attract the shared electrons in the bond towards itself is known as electronegativity. The more electronegative atom will more attract the bonding electrons towards itself than the less electronegative one.
Higher the electronegativity value of the element more will be its tendency to accept an electron towards itself.
A polar bond is defined as a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons that form the bond are unequally distributed. This is reason for the positive charge at one end and the negative charge at other end.
The bond or the molecular polarities are related to the electronegativity of the atoms or the molecules. The polarity of a bond is given by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms that form polar bond
The factors on which the polarity of bonds depends are as follows:
1) Relative electronegativity of participating atoms:
Since the bond polarity involves pulling of electrons towards itself, hence a more electronegative element will be able to attract the electrons more towards it. As a result, the electrons will definitely move towards the more electronegative element.
2) The spatial arrangement of various bonds in the atom:
The shared pair of electrons also experience pulling force from the other bonded and non-bonded pair of electrons. This results in different bond polarities between same participating atoms that are present in different molecules. For example, bond polarity of O-H bond in a water molecule and acetic acid molecule is different. This is due to the different spatial arrangements of various bonds in the molecule.
Acetic acid also called as ethanoic acid is a colorless organic compound. It consists of methyl group that is bonded to carboxyl group.
The structure of acetic acid is attached in the image.
In acetic acid, two oxygen atoms are present in which one oxygen atom is double-bonded to carbon atom, and another one is single bonded to the carbon atom. Also, oxygen is bonded to hydrogen.
As oxygen is electronegative, the two oxygen atoms draw electron density away from the O-H bond and make the bond polar. Also, the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen is high due to which electrons are attracted towards oxygen and make the bond most polar.
Hence, in acetic acid O-H bond is most polar.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Organic compounds
Keywords: acetic acid, polar bond, polarity, electronegativity, O-H bond, CH3COOH, and carboxylic group.
Final answer:
The O-H bond in acetic acid is the most polar due to a large difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen.
Explanation:
The bond in the acetic acid molecule CH3COOH that is the most polar is the O-H bond. This polarization is due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen (3.5) and hydrogen (2.1), which is 1.4 according to the Pauling scale. This significant difference leads to a highly polar covalent bond, meaning the electrons are more attracted to the oxygen atom, giving it a partial negative charge and the hydrogen a partial positive charge.
What kind of chemical reaction does the chemical equation sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride represent?
Answer: This chemical reaction is defined as synthesis reaction.
Explanation:
Synthesis reaction is defined as the reaction in which two or more substances combine in their elemental state to produce a single compound.
The general chemical equation representing this reaction is:
[tex]A+B\rightarrow AB[/tex]
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]2Na(s)+Cl_2(g)\rightarrow 2NaCl(s)[/tex]
Hence, this chemical reaction is defined as synthesis reaction.
When 12.6 grams of carbon monoxide is allowed to react with 5.22 grams of oxygen gas how many grams of carbon monoxide are formed?
Enter a balanced equation for the reaction of Na2S and CdSO4.
Answer: [tex]Na_2S+CdSO_4\rightarrow Cd_2S+Na_2SO_4[/tex]
Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.
Double displacement reaction is one in which exchange of ions take place.
The balanced chemical reaction will be:
[tex]Na_2S+CdSO_4\rightarrow Cd_2S+Na_2SO_4[/tex]
The MOST common mineral in Earth's outer layer is _____. A. mica B. pyrite C. calcite D. feldspar
What volume of a 0.716 m kbr solution is needed to provide 30.5 g of kbr?
Answer:
V_{solution}=0.355L
Explanation:
Hello,
Potassium bromide moles are computed as:
[tex]n_{KBr}=30.5gKBr*\frac{1molKBr}{119.9gKBr}=0.254gKBr[/tex]
Now, by recalling the molarity formula and solving for the volume, one obtains:
[tex]M=\frac{n_{KBr}}{V_{solution}} \\V_{solution}=\frac{n_{KBr}}{M}\\V_{solution}=\frac{0.254mol}{0.716mol/L}\\ V_{solution}=0.355L[/tex]
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There are two steps in the extraction of copper metal from chalcocite, a copper ore. in the first step, copper(i) sulfide and oxygen react to form copper(i) oxide and sulfur dioxide: (s) (g) (s) (g) in the second step, copper(i) oxide and carbon react to form copper and carbon monoxide:
The net chemical equation is 2 [tex]Cu_2S[/tex] (s) + 3 [tex]O_2[/tex] (g) + 2 C (s) → 4 Cu (s) + 2 [tex]SO_2[/tex] (g) + 2 CO (g).
The net chemical equation for the production of copper from copper(I) sulfide, oxygen, and carbon involves a two-step process: oxidation of copper(I) sulfide with oxygen followed by reduction of copper(I) oxide with carbon, yielding copper metal, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
The extraction of copper from its ore involves a two-step process. The first step is the oxidation of copper(I) sulfide (chalcocite) with oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and sulfur dioxide. The second step is the reduction of copper(I) oxide with carbon to obtain copper metal and carbon monoxide.
Step 1: Oxidation of Copper(I) Sulfide
2 [tex]Cu_2S[/tex] (s) + 3 [tex]O_2[/tex] (g) → 2 [tex]Cu_2O[/tex] (s) + 2 [tex]SO_2[/tex] (g)
Step 2: Reduction of Copper(I) Oxide
2 [tex]Cu_2O[/tex] (s) + 2 C (s) → 4 Cu (s) + 2 CO (g)
By adding the balanced equations from both steps together and eliminating the intermediate product, copper(I) oxide, which appears on both sides, we get the net chemical equation for the production of copper:
Net Chemical Equation
2 [tex]Cu_2S[/tex] (s) + 3 [tex]O_2[/tex] (g) + 2 C (s) → 4 Cu (s) + 2 [tex]SO_2[/tex] (g) + 2 CO (g)
The question is:
There are two steps in the extraction of copper metal from chalcocite, a copper ore. In the first step, copper(I) sulfide and oxygen react to form copper(I) oxide and sulfur dioxide. In the second step, copper(I) oxide and carbon react to form copper and carbon monoxide.
Write the net chemical equation for the production of copper from copper(I) sulfide, oxygen and carbon. Be sure your equation is balanced.
Suppose that a catalyst lowers the activation barrier of a reaction from 125 kj/mol to 57 kj/mol . by what factor would you expect the reaction rate to increase at 25 âc? (assume that the frequency factors for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions are identical.)
Factor would you expect the reaction rate to increase at 25 C is [tex]1.8*10^{12}[/tex]
Explanation:Suppose that a catalyst lowers the activation barrier of a reaction from 125 kj/mol to 57 kj/mol . Assume that the frequency factors for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions are identical: by what factor would you expect the reaction rate to increase at 25 C?
Catalysis is process of increasing the chemical reaction rate by adding a substance known as catalyst. Reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds. Activation energy is the energy which must be provided to a chemical or nuclear system with potential reactants to result in chemical reaction, nuclear reaction, etc
The rates of reaction question in Kelvin [tex]25 C = 273 + 25 = 298 K[/tex]
The rate constants under catalysed and non‐catalysed conditions:
Catalysed: [tex]k_{cat} = A e^{\frac{-Ea(cat)}{RT} } = A e^{\frac{‐55000}{(8.314 x 298)}} = A e^{-22.2}[/tex]
Uncatalysed: [tex]k_{uncat} = A e^{\frac{-Ea(uncat)}{RT} } = A e^{\frac{‐125000}{8.314* 298} } = A e^{-50.4}[/tex]
Ratio of catalysed to uncatalysed reaction rates is
[tex]\frac{k_{cat}}{k_{uncat}} = \frac{Ae^{-22.2}}{Ae^{-50.4}}[/tex]
The A values are the same for both processes, therefore [tex]\frac{A}{A} = 1[/tex]
[tex]\frac{k_{cat}}{k_{uncat}} =\frac{e^_{-22.2}}{e^{-50.4}} = 1.8 * 10^{12}[/tex]
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The factor by which reaction rate is more in the presence of catalyst as compared to uncatalysed reaction is 1.8 × 10¹².
What is Arrhenius equation?From the Arrhenius equation, we can calculate the effect of chnage in the activation energy as well as of temperature on the rate of the reaction.
Arrhenius equation will be represented as:
[tex]k = Ae^{-Ea/RT}[/tex], where
k = rate constant
A = frequency factor = 1 (given)
Ea = activation energy
R = universal gas constant = 8.314 J/ mol.K
T = temperature = 25 degree celsius = 298 K
Rate of reaction in the presence of catalyst will be calculated as:Activation energy = 57 kJ/mol = 57000 J/mol
[tex]k1 = e^{-57000/8.314\times 298}[/tex] = [tex]e^{-22} \\[/tex]
Rate of reaction in the absence of catalyst will be calculated as:Activation eneregy = 125 kJ/mol = 125000 J/mol
[tex]k2 = e^{-125000/8.314\times 298}[/tex] = [tex]e^{-50.4}[/tex]
Ratio of both the rates will be :
k1/k2 = [tex]e^{-22} \\[/tex] / [tex]e^{-50.4}[/tex] = 1.8 × 10¹²
Hence, the rate is 1.8 × 10¹² times more.
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Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) reacts with acetic acid (CH3COOH) to form sodium acetate (NaCH3COO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). A chemist carries out this reaction in a bomb calorimeter. The reaction causes the temperature of a bomb calorimeter to decrease by 0.985 K. The calorimeter has a mass of 1.500 kg and a specific heat of 2.52 J/g•K. What is the heat of reaction for this system?
The heat of reaction for this system can be calculated using the formula: Heat of reaction = mass of the calorimeter x specific heat of the calorimeter x change in temperature.
Explanation:The heat of the reaction for this system can be calculated using the formula:
Heat of reaction = mass of the calorimeter x specific heat of the calorimeter x change in temperature.
Plugging in the given values:
mass of the calorimeter = 1.500 kgspecific heat of the calorimeter = 2.52 J/g•K (converting to kg: 2.52 J/g•K / 1000 g = 0.00252 J/kg•K)change in temperature = 0.985 KUsing the formula, we can calculate:
Heat of reaction = 1.500 kg x 0.00252 J/kg•K x 0.985 K = 0.0037072 J
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Epirical formula of P4O10
The vapor pressure of water at 25.0°c is 23.8 torr. determine the mass of glucose (molar mass = 180 g/mol) needed to add to 500.0 g of water to change the vapor pressure to 22.8 torr.42.a solution is prepared from 53.8 g of a nonvolatile, nondissociating solute and 85.0 g of water. the vapor pressure of the solution at 60°c is 132 torr. the vapor pressure of water at 60°c is 150. torr. what is the molar mass of the solute?ans:epts:1dif:difficultref:11.4chemistry | general chemistry | solutions | colligative properties | vapor pressure of a solution | vapor pressure loweringmsc: quantitative43.an ideal solution is formed from a mixture of the nonvolatile solute urea, co(nh2)2, and methanol, ch3oh. the vapor pressure of pure methanol at 20°c is 89 mmhg. if 4.4 g of urea is mixed with 39.9 g of methanol, calculate the vapor pressure of the methanol solution.a) 4.9 mmhgb)80 mmhgc)74 mmhgd) 15 mmhge)84 mmhg44.a salt solution sits in an open beaker. assuming constant temperature and pressure, the vapor pressure of the solution
Calculate the concentration of chloride ions in a saturated lead
The concentration of chloride ions in a saturated lead solution can be calculated using the given solubility and the stoichiometry of the dissolution reaction. The concentration is determined to be 1.3 × 10-6 M.
Explanation:The concentration of chloride ions in a saturated solution is determined by the solubility product constant, Ksp, and the solubility of the particular compound. Using the provided information, the concentration of chloride ions is given as [Cl] = 7.6 × 10-³ M initially. However, with further calculations by applying quadratic equation and taking into account the dissolution stoichiometry, it is found that the concentration of chloride ions in the solution is [Cl] = 1.3 × 10-6 M. The composition of chlorine in its isotopic form is also considered which consists of 75.76% 35Cl and 24.24% 37Cl. Hence, consider all these factors when calculating the concentration of ions in a solution.
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How many grams of silver bromide could dissolve in one liter of 0.350 molar sodium thiosulfate solution?
Alanine, h2nch(ch3)co2h, has ka = 4.5 10–3 and kb = 7.4 10–5 . which species has the highest concentration at a ph of 7.00 in h2o?
The ph of 0.015 m hno2 (nitrous acid) aqueous solution was measured to be 2.63. what is the value of pka of nitrous acid?
Consider this reaction: 2al(s) + 3 cucl2(aq) → 2alcl3(aq) + 3 cu(s) if the concentration of cucl2 drops from 1.000 m to 0.655 m in the first 30.0 s of the reaction, what is the average rate of reaction over this time interval?
Fundamentally, how are ΔHrxnand ΔHfdifferent?Which part of the experiment demonstrated the change inenthalpy per mole of a reaction?
Final answer:
The difference between ΔHrxn and ΔHf lies in their application; ΔHrxn measures the energy change in a reaction, while ΔHf pertains to the formation of a compound from its elements. The change in enthalpy per mole of a reaction is demonstrated experimentally through methods like calorimetry, which measures temperature changes.
Explanation:
Fundamentally, ΔHrxn and ΔHf differ in their application within thermodynamics. ΔHrxn, or the enthalpy change for a reaction, measures the overall energy change when reactants turn into products under constant pressure. This encompasses the total heat absorbed or released, calculated as the difference between the enthalpy of products and reactants. In contrast, ΔHf, or the standard enthalpy of formation, is the enthalpy change accompanying the formation of 1 mole of a substance from its elements in their most stable states, under standard conditions (1 bar, 298.15 K).
The part of the experiment that demonstrates the change in enthalpy per mole of a reaction typically involves measuring the temperature change of the surroundings or the system itself during a chemical reaction. This temperature change, coupled with the specific heat capacity of the system and the number of moles of reactants or products, allows us to calculate the enthalpy change. Therefore, experimental methods such as calorimetry can directly measure the enthalpy changes, providing insights into whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic based on the ΔH values calculated.
In location B, what can you conclude about the sediments carried in the river?
They can form a delta, because the river location B leads into the Gulf of Mexico.