At the neuromuscular junction, what specific receptor is located at the muscle cell?
a. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
b. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
c. Glutamate receptor

Answer:

   Tissue Membranes

       Connective Tissue Membranes

       Epithelial Membranes

Explanation:

Tissue membranes are thin layers of cells that are covering the outside of our bodies, (ex; skin, ) organs ,  or like smotach they are internal passages that continue opening to the exterior of our bodies.

The mucosa of the stomach is a tissue membrane.  

Then we have connnective tissue membranes and epithelial membranes:

    Connective Tissue Membranes

The connective tissue membrane is composed only from connective tissues. These membranes encapsulate organs, examples arekidneys, and line our movable joints.

       Epithelial Membranes

An epithelial membrane will have epithelium attached to the layer that connects tissue, like the epidermis. Other epithelial membranes are the mucouses.

The two basic types of body membranes are connective tissue membranes and epithelial membranes. Connective tissue membranes encapsulate organs and line movable joints, with synovial membranes being a specific example. Epithelial membranes line passageways leading to the body's exterior, line closed internal cavities, and form the skin; they include mucous, serous, and cutaneous membranes.

Body membranes are thin layers or sheets of cells that cover and protect various parts of the body. There are two basic types of these membranes: connective tissue and epithelial membranes.

Connective tissue membranes include synovial membranes and are mostly found encapsulating organs, such as the kidneys, and lining our movable joints. A characteristic example of this type is the synovial membrane, which lines the cavity of freely movable joints (like the shoulder, elbow, and knee) and helps reduce friction during movement.

Epithelial Membranes include mucous, serous, and cutaneous membranes. Mucous membranes contain glands and line the passageways that lead to the exterior of the body. Serous membranes secrete a lubricating fluid and are found lining the cavities not open to the exterior, such as the thoracic and abdominal cavities, as well as enveloping internal organs within these cavities. Cutaneous tissue refers to skin – a protective barrier covering the body's external surface.

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Answer:

The blood pressure is the measure of the strength by which the blood pushes against the side of the blood vessels when it circulates inside the body.

Explanation:

When heart beats, the heart pumps the blood around the body to supply energy/oxygen to the various parts of the body where it is needed.

As the blood circulates, it pushes against sides of blood vessels. The strength of pushing of the blood is measured by blood pressure. Most of the pressure is due to the work done by the heart in pushing the blood.

It is measure by using sphygmomanometer. Two numbers are used to measure the blood pressure.

Systolic blood pressure is the first digit used for measuring blood pressure and it measures pressure in blood vessels when heart beats.

Disystolic blood pressure is the second digit used for measuring blood pressure and it measures the pressure of blood in the vessels when heart is resting between beats.

A hematoma, which is a collection of blood outside of blood vessels, commonly forms at a fracture site. The statement is true.

What is a hematoma?

A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels, usually within tissues or an organ.

When a bone is fractured, blood vessels in the surrounding area are often damaged, leading to bleeding and the accumulation of blood in the tissues.

This collection of blood forms a hematoma, which can cause swelling, pain, and discoloration around the fracture site.

The hematoma serves as a natural response to the injury and plays a role in the healing process by providing a scaffold for the influx of cells involved in bone repair.

Treatment options can include rest, application of ice or heat, compression, the elevation of the affected area, and, in some cases, medical drainage or surgical intervention.

Thus, the statement is true.

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Answer:

The answer is B, C, E

Explanation:

Older patients tend to be people with multiple pathologies, which forces them to be taking different medications for each of them, this polypharmacy can lead to an adverse alteration in the senile patient. knowing that they are older adults they will have a certain degree of renal dysfunction which will not allow the elimination of the metabolites of these medications.

Answer: Option d

Explanation:

In case of Cesarean section, large bleeders are clamped and not ligated because there is a chance of postpartum hemorrhage which is very fatal for the mothers.

It has been recorded that almost 1 to 5% of the women die after giving birth to the baby because of excessive blood loss.

So, it is better to clamp the placenta rather than to ligate it as it would not prevent blood loss.

Answer:

Both type 1 and type 2

Explanation:

Diabetes is a condition of the body in which an individual blood glucose levels remains high. The common form of diabetes is diabetes mellitus. Type I and Type II Diabetes are the types of diabetes mellitus.

Type I diabetes is more common in children and the individuals body does not produce insulin as the immune system attacks the beta cells of pancreas. Type II is most common diabetes in which body is not able to use insulin. Hence, the glucose levels remains high in both Type I and Type II diabetes.  

Thus, the correct answer is option (B).

Answer:

  A. Lungs.

Explanation:

  Pulmonology is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. It comes from the Greek and the world could be translated as the study of lungs.

  It is considered as a branch of internal medicine and is related to intensive care medicine.

  I hope this answer helps you.

Answer: a. lungs

Explanation: took the final

Answer:

The answer to the question: All EKG leads monitor the same electrical events but do so from different perspectives, is, true.

Explanation:

The EKG is a diagnostic test whose purpose is literally to observe the electrical current that circulates the myocardial muscle as the heart begins to move to pump blood towards the body and towards the lungs for oxygenation. The EKG is a machine, with electrodes, that are capable of tracing the pattern, direction, and strength, of these electrical currents as the heart muscle depolarizes and repolarizes during a cycle. This means that all the leads in the EKG perform the same task, to measure the electrical current, but they do so from different directions, to measure how the current activates and stimulates the contraction and relaxation of the different parts of the heart. The positions of the leads, will depend on what part of the heart, during a cycle, wants to be observed electrically. Usually, the most common EKG asked for by doctors is the 12-lead EKG, which literally monitors all surfaces of the heart involved with this electrical current.

Answer:

The answer is A choroid plexus

Explanation:

The choroid plexuses are not part of the brainstem, since the choroid plexuses are part of the brain's vascular system and are responsible for the formation of the cerebrospinal fluid, which serves as protection for the central nervous system (CNS).

The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. However, the choroid plexus, while part of the brain, is not part of the brainstem as it belongs to the ventricular system.

The brainstem is the part of the brain which connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord and comprises three important parts: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. The choroid plexus is not a part of the brainstem, but rather a part of the ventricular system in the brain involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

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Answer:

The correct answer is option D. all of the above.

Explanation:

The skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, that is controlled by the somatic nervous system. Tendons are the collagen fiber that binds these muscles to the bones.

Skeletal muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs so if a muscle helps a joint to move so the other muscle can bring it to its original resting position. The point where muscle binds to an immovable bone called the origin of the muscle and the point where muscle attached to a movable bone its termed as insertion.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Answer:

Cutting the nerves will open up the blood flow to the arteries. Since the sympathetic nerves will be severed, it will result in reduced vasoconstriction and vasodilation will occur.

Explanation:

The severe leg pain in the man could be due to atherosclerosis, reduced blood flow to his leg muscles during exercise. Surgery mentioned involves severing the sympathetic nerves, possibly removing plaque and inducing vasodilation improving blood flow. Lifestyle changes along with medication could also be part of the treatment plan.

The 60-year-old man's suffering could be due to atherosclerosis, characterized by the accumulation of fatty material that blocks the arteries. In this condition, there is a reduced blood flow especially during exercise, causing pain due to insufficient oxygen reaching the muscles in his legs (ischemia).

When the sympathetic nerves serving that body region are severed, the surgical procedure, which may be an endarterectomy, possibly removes the plaque surgically from the arteries, enhancing blood flow. Moreover, these sympathetic nerves are responsible for constricting the blood vessels; removing them will cause vasodilation (expansion of the vessels), further improving blood flow.

However, potential lifestyle changes and other non-surgical treatments, including weight loss, regular exercise, and certain medications, should also be considered as part of the man's overall treatment plan.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

progesterone and estrogen

Answer:

Explanation:

Nasal bones are normally oblong and small. The function of the nasal bone in human body is to bind with the cartilage tissues to form nose shape and contours.

The internal septum of the nasal bone separates the nasal cavity into two nostrils. The following are the 9 bones that makes up the nasal cavity.

The nasal bone includes the pair of maxilla and palatine bones and one nasal bone.

The nasal bone is associated with the two cranial and two facial bones.  

Answer:

B. Watery diahrrea

Explanation:

Clindamycin inhibits the synthesis of ARN proteins in chain elongation phase. As a result tRNA dissociates from the ribosome and does not allow to incorporate amino acids. They cover positive cocci, anaerobes and some anaerobic negative bacilli.

Side effects include:

Dermatological: rashes, erythema multiforme, anaphylaxis

Diarrhea

Colitis induced by antibiotics (pseudomembranous colitis)

Mild alteration of liver function tests

Rare: neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

The correct answer is B. Watery diarrhea

Explanation:

Clindamycin is an antibiotic commonly prescribed to treat serious infections, more specifically those caused by bacteria, this includes meningitis, tooth infections, and respiratory infections. This medicine can be prescribed in injection, capsules or intravenous solution. In terms of effects, common side effects of clindamycin include abdominal pain, rashes, nausea, and diarrhea, although if they persist the patient will need to go to the doctor. This implies the one that is an adverse effect of this medication is watery diarrhea; also others such as blurred vision, hypertension or agitation are not connected to this medication.

Answer:

(c) a relative data

Explanation:

in the given statement the exact birth date of neither jhon of joe is given but it is given that jhon is two years older than joe means bothe age are dependent on each other for example when age of joe will be 10 then age of jhin will be 12 similarly when age of joe will be 20 the age of jhon will be 22 means both are relative to each other so this is relative data

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During contraction of heart muscle cells C) some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium

Answer:

C Is the correct answer

Answer:

The function of the following tissues are as follows:

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium: These tissues cover the surface of the body and present at hair and skin. These tissues are keratinized to protect the surface of body from abrasion.

Simple squamous epithelium:  This tissue contain the single layer of flat cells. These tissues are thin and has the ability to pass some selected molecules through the cells.

Hyaline cartilage: Hyaline cartilage contains large amount of collagen that provides support and flexibility to the tissues.

Bone: Bones are made up of calcified material, phosphates and various inorganic ions. Bones provide stiffness and supports the weight of muscles in our body.

Answer: C) depolarization

Explanation:

The opening of Na+ voltage-gated channels is associated with depolarization as, it is defined as change in membrane potential it is known as depolarization. Due to influx of positive charge ions sodium and the membrane potential rise towards positive value in depolarization.

The opening of voltage gated sodium channel increases intra-cellular sodium ion concentration, which lead to depolarization.

The opening of Na+ voltage-gated channels is associated with the depolarization of a neuron's membrane. Depolarization is caused by the influx of Na+ ions into the cell when these channels open, which occurs when the voltage threshold is reached during an action potential.

The opening of Na+ voltage-gated channels is associated with depolarization of the neuronal membrane. During an action potential, when the neuronal membrane's voltage reaches a certain threshold, these channels open and allow Na+ ions to rush into the neuron. This rapid influx of positive Na+ ions decreases the charge difference across the membrane, leading to depolarization. If the threshold of excitation is reached, all Na+ channels open, leading to a further decrease in voltage across the membrane and propelling the action potential down the axon.

During repolarization, the inactivation gate of the Na+ channel closes, and no more Na+ can enter the cell. After repolarization, hyperpolarization may occur, but it is not associated with the opening of Na+ channels; instead, it is typically associated with the opening of K+ channels allowing K+ ions to leave the cell, making the inside of the cell more negative compared to the outside.

Answer:

The correct answer to the question: Which of the following instruments is often used to grasp the intestines, would be: C: Babcock clamps.

Explanation:

Surgery on the abdominal cavity, be it open, or through laparoscopy, is major, and requires specialized equipment, as destabilazation of the patient will be very fast, especially with the loss of temperature, and the possibility of coagulopathies. There are many types of equipment and tools that are required during a GI tract surgery, and most of them had to do with either the careful manipulation of the blood vessels around the abdominal cavity, or the intestines. In the case of the intestines, the instrument that must always be present are the Babcock clamps which are used to hold the intestinal tissue during surgery.

Answer: Agranulocytosis

Explanation:

Methimazole is used to cure hyperthyroid and and there are many side effects of this medicines.

It is one of the most widely used anti-thyroid drugs. They are given for a longer period of time and there are many side effects of this medicine.

The adverse reaction that is seen in 0.1 to 0.5 % patients is agranulocytosis. In this condition severe leukopenia and neutrophils lowers down in number. Neutropenia also takes place in this condition.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option D.

Explanation:

Excitation–contraction coupling is a link process which converts the electrical impulse to a mechanical response. It links the action potential of the sarcolemma to the muscle contraction.

In this process, when acetylcholine binds to the receptors it leads to the generation of the action potential. This action potential travels down via T-tubules from the sarcolemma to sarcoplasmic reticulum due to which calcium ions are released into the sarcoplasm. These calcium ions bind to the troponin which leads to the binding of the myosin to actin forming cross-bridge. This cross-bridge pulls the actin causing muscle contraction. This impulse generation and muscle contraction repeat again.

Thus, option D is the correct answer.

The coupling of muscle excitation and contraction is best described by calcium channels being stimulated by depolarizing T-Tubules, which then open and release calcium ions into the sarcoplasm. This leads to the initiation of muscle contraction.

The process you're referring to, which involves the coupling of muscle excitation and muscle contraction, is best described by option C: Ca2+ channels, stimulated by depolarizing T-Tubules, open and release Ca2+ ions to the sarcoplasm. This is an integral part of the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism which happens within muscle cells during contraction.

In this process, an action potential travels along the sarcolemma (the muscle cell membrane), and into the T-tubules, which are essentially inward extensions of the sarcolemma. The depolarization of the T-tubules causes the adjacent calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane to open and release calcium ions into the sarcoplasm, where they then interact with contractile proteins to initiate muscle contraction.

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Answer:

Its an abnormal rhythm of the heart at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute

Explanation:

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a type of heart rate disorder where there is abnormal electrical activity causing the heart to beat faster while maintaining multiple patterns. It disrupts the heart's function, making it less effective at pumping blood. Treatment options include defibrillators, medication, and possibly surgery.

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a form of ventricular tachycardia, a condition where the heart beats at a fast rate because of abnormal electrical activity. Such a state prevents the heart from effectively pumping blood which can lead to significant complications, up to and including brain death if left untreated. Ventricular tachycardia is regarded as a medical emergency, often addressed as "code blue" in a hospital setting.

In the case of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, the electrical variations seen on an Electrocardiogram (ECG) have multiple different forms. That's why it is called "polymorphic". This condition can make the heart even more susceptible to disturbances and pump blood less efficiently.

Treatments vary, but the use of defibrillators, devices that apply an electrical charge to the heart to establish a normal rhythm, is common. This treatment effectively stops the heart so that it can reestablish a normal conduction cycle. Other potential treatments, depending on the cause, may include medications, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, ablation, or surgery.

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Answer:

The referred pain in deep visceral pain can be diagnosed in the somatic locations. Example: stomach ulcers and heart problems.

Explanation:

Referred pain may be defined as the pain experienced at the location other than the site of origin. The referred pain can be used to diagnose the deep visceral pain as this pain is poorly localized. The damage in the visceral organs may leads to the characteristic pain in the somatic locations of the body.

Example:

In case of the heart problems (myocardial ischemia) the pain can be felt at arm, shoulder and left pectoral region.

The case of stomach ulcers includes the pain at the back, in between the scapulae.

Answer:

The test to determine the blood group is called ABO typing. A blood sample is mixed with the antibodies against blood type A and type B. Then, the sample is checked to see if the blood cells stick or not. If the blood cells remain together that means that the blood reacted with one of the antibodies.

Answer:

The answer is B. Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vasdeferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra.

Explanation:

The process of ejaculation that runs along the sperm through the male reproductive tract begins in the epididymis, then through the vas deferens which is a smooth muscle that, through its contractions, drives the semen into the urethra. The sperm arrives first in the blister where the secretions of the seminal bladders are added, and then the seminal fluid is propelled through the ejaculatory ducts to the urethra, previously passing through the prostat where a milk fluid is added, thus forming semen

Answer:

Xiphoid process.

Explanation:

Xiphoid process is also known as metasternum. The seven ribs articulate with the sternum in the xiphoid process.

This xiphoid process is important for the insertion of diaphragm at its correct place. The excess pressure on the xiphoid process can cause the laceration of the diaphragm.

Thus, the correct answer is option (a).

Answer:

Image below further illustrates

Explanation:

Free Radicals in the Body

Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage the cells in your organism. They result when atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons. They  are byproducts of ongoing metabolic processes.

Antioxidants are those molecules in cells that prevent loose radicals from taking electrons and causing celldamage. Antioxidants are capable to give an electron to a free radical without becoming destabilized themselves, thus hinder the free radical chain reactions

Nutrients that act as antioxidant

  Most cereals. vegetables and fruit every day. fish, coffe, strawberries or any kind of berries,etc.

Final answer:

An increase in blood viscosity increases the thickness of blood, making it flow less easily through blood vessels, which in turn increases peripheral resistance. The correct answer to the statement is 'True.'

Explanation:

An increase in blood viscosity will indeed cause an increase in peripheral resistance. This is because viscosity refers to the thickness or stickiness of a fluid, and blood is no exception. When blood viscosity increases, it flows less easily through the blood vessels. Just like sipping a milkshake through a straw would require more effort compared to sipping water, more effort (or higher pressure) is needed to pump thicker blood through the circulatory system.

Think of the circulatory system as a series of pipes: if the 'fluid' inside the pipes becomes thicker, it's naturally going to flow with more difficulty. This difficulty is what's referred to as resistance. Increased viscosity thus increases resistance and decreases flow. Therefore, the correct answer to the given statement would be:

a. True

Answer:

D) dense regular CT

Explanation:

There are four basic types of animal tissue:

Epithelial tissue, Muscle tissue, Nervous tissue and Connective tissue.

Connective tissues are found in between the other tissues in the body everywhere.The functions of connective tissues are:

1. Binding and support

2. Protection

3. Insulation

4. Transportation (for blood)

There are four main types of CT:

Connective Tissue Proper: 1. Loose connective (areolar, adipose, reticular) 2. Dense connective tissue (regular, irregular, elastic).

Bone Tissue: 1. Compact bone 2. Spongy bone.

Cartilage: 1. Hyaline cartilage 2. Elastic cartilage 3. Fibrocartilage.

Blood

Bone and cartilage are supportive and structural connective tissues which provide strength and structure to body. They also protect the soft tissues.

Hence, D) Dense regular CT is not a structural/supporting connective tissue.