Answer:
m= 1.84 m
M= 1.79 M
mole fraction (X) =
Xsolute= 0.032
Xsolvent = 0.967
Explanation:
1. Find the grams of FeCl3 in the solution: when we have a mass % we assume that there is 100 g of solution so 24% means 24 g of FeCl3 in the solution. The rest 76 g are water.
2. For molality we have the formula m= moles of solute / Kg solvent
so first we pass the grams of FeCl3 to moles of FeCl3:
24 g of FeCl3x(1 mol FeCl3/162.2 g FeCl3) = 0.14 moles FeCl3
If we had 76 g of water we convert it to Kg:
76 g water x(1 Kg of water/1000 g of water) = 0.076 Kg of water
now we divide m = 0.14 moles FeCl3/0.076 Kg of water
m= 1.84 m
3. For molarity we have the formula M= moles of solute /L of solution
the moles we already have 0.14 moles FeCl3
the (L) of solution we need to use the density of the solution to find the volume value. For this purpose we have: 100 g of solution and the density d= 1.280 g/mL
The density formula is d = (m) mass/(V) volume if we clear the unknown value that is the volume we have that (V) volume = m/d
so V = 100 g / 1.280 g/mL = 78.12 mL = 0.078 L
We replace the values in the M formula
M= 0.14 moles of FeCl3/0.078 L
M= 1.79 M
3. Finally the mole fraction (x) has the formula
X(solute) = moles of solute /moles of solution
X(solvent) moles of solvent /moles of solution
X(solute) + X(solvent) = 1
we need to find the moles of the solvent and we add the moles of the solute like this we have the moles of the solution:
76 g of water x(1 mol of water /18 g of water) = 4.2 moles of water
moles of solution = 0.14 moles of FeCl3 + 4.2 moles of water = 4.34 moles of solution
X(solute) = 0.14 moles of FeCl3/4.34 moles of solution = 0.032
1 - X(solute) = 1 - 0.032 = 0.967
Use the References to access important values if needed for this question There are 12 eggs in a dozen. If a farmer's chickens produce an average of 284 dozen eggs in a month, how many eggs are reported per month? 284 dozen x 12 eggs/dozen = eggs This answer has significant figures. Submit Answer Try Another Version 1 Item attempt remaining
Answer:
[tex]3.4\times 10^3 eggs[/tex] are produces are in a month.
Explanation:
Quantity of eggs produced by the chicken in a month = 284 dozens
1 dozen = 12 eggs
Number of eggs in a month:
[tex]284 dozens = 284\times 12 eggs =3,408 eggs\approx 3.4\times 10^3 eegs[/tex]
[tex]3.4\times 10^3 eggs[/tex] are produces are in a month.
Topic 1 Homework Homework – Due in 13 hours T2HW Question 16 - Challenge Homework – Unanswered The distance from San Francisco to Los Angeles is approximately 385 miles. You and your friends decide to cycle from San Francisco to Los Angeles. If the distance between the cities is about 385 miles and your doctor tells you that you need to drink 1 L of water for every 1 km that you cycle, how many Lof water will each cyclist need to drink on the journey? Enter your answer as a number using 3 significant figures without units. Do not enter the word "liters" as part of your answer. 1609 m = 1.0 mi Numeric Answer Unanswered
Answer:
Each cyclist will need to drink 619 l
Explanation:
Hi there!!
First, let´s convert the miles to kilometers:
If 1.0 mi = 1609 m, then 385 mi will be:
385 mi · (1609 m/ 1.0 mi) · (1 km/ 1000 m) = 619 km
Now, if each cyclist need to drink one liter water per kilometer ( I think that´s a lot of water!), for the entire journey each cyclist will need to drink:
619 km · 1 l/km = 619 l
Then, each cyclist will need to drink 619 l.
Ethyl acetate can be prepared by an SN2 reaction. Draw the alkylbromide and nucleophile used in the reaction. Remember to include formal charges (do not include counterions).
Answer:
Few important points related to [tex]S_N2[/tex] reaction:
1. [tex]S_N2[/tex] is a one-step reaction that follows second order kinetics.
2. In [tex]S_N2[/tex] reaction, a transition state is formed in situ.
3. Strong nucleophiles like [tex]OH^- \ or\ CN^-[/tex] are used in case of bi-molecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Ethyl acetate can be prepared by a second-order nucleophilic substitution reaction between acetic acid and ethyl bromide.
The reaction between acetic acid and ethyl bromide is drawn below:
In the SN2 reaction to create ethyl acetate, the nucleophile acetate ion attacks the alkyl bromide, leading to the formation of ethyl acetate and bromide ions.
Explanation:Ethyl acetate can be prepared by an SN2 reaction. In this context, an alkylbromide and nucleophile initiate the reaction. Ethyl bromide (CH3CH2Br) would be the alkylbromide used in the reaction. The nucleophile, in this case, would be acetate ion (CH3COO-).
Ethyl bromide is a good leaving group and acetate ion is a strong nucleophile, which comes from acetic acid (ethanoic acid). In SN2 reactions, the nucleophile attacks the substrate, and the leaving group (Br- in this case) leaves, leading to a reverse configuration. In this reaction, the nucleophile (acetate ion) will attack the alkyl bromide, resulting in the formation of ethyl acetate, CH3COOCH2CH3, and bromide ions, which is a good leaving group.
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As the volume of confined gas decreases at the constant temperature, the pressure exerted by the gas________________.
Fluctuates
decreases
Increases
stays the same
As the volume of confined gas decreases at the constant temperature, the pressure exerted by the gas increases . The correct option is C.
What is the Boyle's law?Boyle–Mariotte law is a gas law, shows the relation between pressure and volume. With the increase in the volume, the pressure decreases.
The pressure exerted by the mass, is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas.
Thus, the correct option is C, increases.
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Calculate the mass of manganese in potassium permanganate.
Answer:
The percentage mass of Manganese is 34.76%
Explanation:
The formula of potassium permanganate is KMnO4
Its molar mass is 158.034 g/mol.
The molar mass of Mn is 54.938 g/mol.
Percentage mass of Mn is:
[tex]Mn=\frac{54.938}{158.034}100[/tex]
Mn=34.76%
You have 114.0 g-moles of cumene. How many g are in the sample?
Answer:
13701.66 g
Explanation:
Moles is denoted by given mass divided by the molecular mass ,
Hence ,
n = w / m
n = moles ,
w = given mass ,
m = molecular mass .
From the question ,
114.0 g-moles of cumene means ,
Moles of cumene = 114.0 g-mol
The Chemical formula of cumene = C₉H₁₂
As we know the molecular mass of cumene = 120.19 g /mol
using the above formula ,
n = w / m
w = n * m
Putting the corresponding values -
w = (114.0 g-mol) * 120.19 g /mol
w = 13701.66 g
Is there a difference between the freezing temperature and the melting temperature? Explain your answer in terms of numerical values, physical change and energy changes
Answer:
Freezing temperature:
It is the temperature at which a liquid state of substance converts in to the solid state.
Ex :The freezing temperature of water is 0°C.
Melting temperature:
It is the temperature at which a solid state of any substance covert in to the liquid sates.
Ex : Temperature above the 0°C of water
The heat required to melt the solid is know as heat of fusion. Heat of fusion of water nearly about 334 J.
The heat required to covert liquid state to vapor state is known as heat of vaporization.The heat of vaporization of water nearly 2230 J.
Determine the amount of water that must be added to a 2-litre solution of sulphuric acid to dilute it from a pH of 2.7 to a pH of 3.
Answer:
Volume of water added = 2.0 L
Explanation:
Initial pH of the solution = 2.7
[H^+] concentration in 2 L solution of sulfuric acid,
[tex]pH = -log[H^+][/tex]
[tex][H^+] = 10^{-pH}\ M[/tex]
[tex][H^+] = 10^{-2.7} = 0.001995\ M = 0.002\ M[/tex]
Final pH of the solution = 3
Final [H^+] concentration of sulfuric acid,
[tex][H^+] = 10^{-pH}\ M[/tex]
[tex][H^+] = 10^{-3} = 0.001\ M[/tex]
Now,
[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex]
[tex] 0.002 \times 2.0 = 0.001 \times V_2[/tex]
[tex]V_2 = \frac{0.002 \times 2.0}{0.001} = 4.00\ L[/tex]
Volume added = Final volume - Initial volume
= 4.0 - 2.0 = 2.0 L
What is an isochoric process? (1 mark) b) Can heat be exchanged in an isochoric process? (1 mark) c) A 100L container holding an ideal gas at an initial pressure of 10MPa is raised to a pressure of 15MPa. How much work is done?
Explanation:
(a) An isochoric process is defined as the process in which volume of a system remains constant.
For example, an air conditioner follows an isochoric process.
(b) As pressure and temperature can change in an isochoric process but volume will remain the same.
Hence, heat can also be exchanged in an isochoric process. Whereas in an adiabatic process heat remains 0. Therefore, it means the in adiabatic process there occurs no exchange of heat between the system and its surrounding.
(c) It is given that V = 100 L = 0.1 [tex]m^{3}[/tex] (as 1 L = 0.001 [tex]m^{3}[/tex])
[tex]P_{1}[/tex] = [tex]10 \times 10^{6} Pa[/tex]
[tex]P_{2}[/tex] = [tex]15 \times 10^{6} Pa[/tex]
Relation between work, pressure and volume is as follows.
W = [tex]\Delta PV[/tex]
= PdV + VdP
= 0 + 0.1 [tex]m^{3} (15 - 10) \times 10^{6}[/tex]
(Since V = constant so, dV = 0)
= [tex]5 \times 10^{5} J[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that work done is [tex]5 \times 10^{5} J[/tex].
List and discuss two major sources of errors in numerical methods
Answer:
There are three major sources of errors in numerical method, namely human error, truncation error and round off error, but here we have to discuss only two sources-
Human error: This type of error occurs when the experiment is being performed but student isn't attentive during the experiment, or noted down the wrong observation, this error is very difficult to detect.There are rules for significant figures and rounding off, but if we round off the values incorrectly it will lead to error in final answer.Answer:
sdfsdfsdf
Explanation:dsf
Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have.. O a.... at least one triple bond between carbon atoms O b. None of the above. O c. ...all single bonds between carbon atoms. O d....at least one double bond between carbon atoms
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Alkynes are the hydrocarbons, that is, they contain only atoms of carbon and hydrogen. Their general chemical formula is [tex]C_{n}H_{2n-2}[/tex], where n is a whole number.
A compound that contains a double or triple bond is known as an unsaturated compound. An alkyne contains a triple bond and it is also an unsaturated compound.
Thus, we can conclude that alkynes are hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.
Explain based on the HSAB concept ("hard and soft acids and bases") why NaCl is very soluble in water, where as AgCl is not.
Answer:
Na⁺ tends to interact with the hardest base, which is water. Ag⁺ tends to interact with the softest (hardless) base, which is Cl⁻.
Explanation:
The HSAB concept says that hard acids are small ions with low electronegativity, while hard bases are electron donating groups with high electronegativity and low polarizability. The HSAB concept also says that hard acids will tend to react with hard bases. The opposite is valid for soft acids and soft bases.
Na⁺ is a hard acid
Ag ⁺ is a soft acid
Cl⁻ is a hard base
H₂O is a harder base than Cl⁻
Therefore, when in water, the Na⁺ tends to react with water, because it is a harder base than Cl⁻. However, as Ag⁺ is a soft acid, it will tend to stay with the less hard base, which is Cl⁻.
In parallel flow heat exchangers...
a-The exit temperature of hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of cold fluid
b-We cannot predict comparison between exit temperatures of hot fluid and cold fluid
c-The exit temperature of hot fluid is always more than the exit temperature of cold fluid
d-The exit temperature of hot fluid is always equal to the exit temperature of cold fluid
Answer:
The correct answer is letter c: The exit temperature of hot fluid is always more than the exit temperature of cold fluid
Explanation:
Heat exchangers are used to exchange heat between two fluids so they are helpfull in cooling and heating processes. After the exchange the temperatures of the fluids that participate are changed so both option d and b: (The exit temperature of hot fluid is always equal to the exit temperature of cold fluid) and (We cannot predict comparison between exit temperatures of hot fluid and cold fluid) are INCORRECT.
In which has to be with option a: (The exit temperature of hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of cold fluid). It is INCORRECT because the maximum temperature that can be reached by the cold fluid is the one that has the hot fluid. That is the ideal situation of thermal equilibrium in which both fluids leave the exchanger at the same temperature, that does no happen, so the real situation is the one described in option c "The exit temperature of hot fluid is always more than the exit temperature of cold fluid". Both fluids exchange heat till the force that may that possible allows that, that force is the difference of temperature between them so when that difference reachs a minimum the process stops.
Final answer:
In parallel flow heat exchangers, the exit temperature of the hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of the cold fluid, as heat transfer occurs from the hot to the cold fluid according to the second law of thermodynamics.
Explanation:
The correct answer to the question is The exit temperature of hot fluid is always less than the exit temperature of cold fluid. In parallel-flow heat exchangers, both the hot and cold fluids enter the exchanger at different ends and flow in the same direction. As heat is transferred, the temperature of the hot fluid decreases while the temperature of the cold fluid increases. Due to the second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer flows spontaneously from a hotter object to a cooler object but never in reverse. Therefore, the heat will always flow from the hot fluid to the cold fluid until they reaches equilibrium or until the hot fluid exits at a lower temperature than it entered.
Moreover, the efficiency of heat engines, which are related to heat exchangers, is higher when there is a large temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, as stated in the provided information. This implies that in most practical situations, especially when the hot and cold fluids are allowed to reach equilibrium, the exit temperature of the hot fluid will be less than that of the cold fluid (option a). However, if the length or design of the heat exchanger does not allow them to reach equilibrium, the exit temperatures may vary but the hot fluid is expected to cool down during the process.
List and discuss at least 4 reasons why a laboratory should operate using GLP.
Answer:
The list and discussions are stated below:
Explanation:
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is extremely important.
1. Organization
With GLP we can guarantee an organized work environment, which is essencial in a laboratory.
2. Safety
GLP promotes laboratory safety for personell, avoiding unecessary risks and preventing accidents.
3. Quality control
GLP ensures that experiments made and products developed in a laboratory have the demanded quality.
4. Reliability of results
GLP promotes quality of results reporting, wich directly influences the reliability of results.
A 1.28-kg sample of water at 10.0 °C is in a calorimeter. You drop a piece of steel with a mass of 0.385 kg at 215 °C into it. After the sizzling subsides, what is the final equilibrium temperature? (Make the reasonable assumptions that any steam produced condenses into liquid water during the process of equilibration and that the evaporation and condensation don’t affect the outcome, as we’ll see in the next section.)
Answer:
[tex]T_{2}=16,97^{\circ}C[/tex]
Explanation:
The specific heats of water and steel are
[tex]Cp_{w}=4.186 \frac{KJ}{Kg^{\circ}C}[/tex]
[tex]Cp_{s}=0.49 \frac{KJ}{Kg^{\circ}C}[/tex]
Assuming that the water and steel are into an adiabatic calorimeter (there's no heat transferred to the enviroment), the temperature of both is identical when the system gets to the equilibrium [tex]T_{2}_{w}= T_{2}_{s}[/tex]
An energy balance can be written as
[tex] m_{w}\times Cp_{w}\times (T_{2}- T_{1})_{w}= -m_{s}\times Cp_{s}\times (T_{2}- T_{1})_{s} [/tex]
Replacing
[tex] 1.28Kg\times 4.186\frac{KJ}{Kg^{\circ}C}\times (T_{2}-10^{\circ}C)= -0.385Kg\times 0.49 \frac{KJ}{Kg^{\circ}C} \times (T_{2}-215^{\circ}C)[/tex]
Then, the temperature [tex]T_{2}=16,97^{\circ}C[/tex]
The equilibrium temperature given that You drop a piece of steel at 215 °C into the water at 10.0 °C in the calorimeter is 16 °C
How to calculate the equilibrium temperature?The equilibrium temperature given that You drop a piece of steel at 215 °C into the water at 10.0 °C can be calculated as follow:
Mass of steel (M) = 0.385 KgTemperature of steel (T) = 215 °CSpecific heat capacity of steel (C) = 420 J/kg°CMass of water (Mᵥᵥ) = 1.28 KgTemperature of water (Tᵥᵥ) = 10.0 °CSpecific heat capacity of water (Cᵥᵥ) = 4184 J/Kg°CEquilibrium temperature of steel and water mixture (Tₑ) =?[tex]MC(T - T_e) = M_wC_w(T_e - T_w)\\\\0.385\ \times\ 420(215 - T_e) = 1.28\ \times\ 4184(T_e - 10)[/tex]
[tex]34765.5 - 161.7T_e = 5355.52T_e - 53555.2\\\\34765.5\ +\ 53555.2 = 5355.52T_e\ +\ 161.7T_e\\\\88320.7 = 5517.22T_e\\\\T_e = \frac{88320.7}{5517.22} \\\\T_e = 16\ \textdegree C[/tex]
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A consistent explanation of known observations is called A) an experiment. B) a prediction. C) a hypothesis. theory
A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of observed phenomena that has undergone rigorous testing and validation through the scientific method.
Explanation:A consistent explanation of known observations is called a theory. In the realm of science, a theory is more than just a simple guess; it is a well-substantiated explanation that is grounded in a significant body of evidence. This evidence consists of a series of facts and observations that, when considered collectively, give a reliable account of a part of the natural world. To arrive at a theory, the scientific method is typically employed, involving systematic observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and refining those hypotheses based on experimental results. When a hypothesis withstands rigorous testing and is capable of explaining a large and diverse range of phenomena, it can evolve into a theory. Scientific theories are valued because they offer comprehensive explanations that are testable and can be modified in the face of new evidence.
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Use the References to access imp A sample of hydrogen gas has a mass of 48.3 grams. How many H, molecules are there in the sample? molecules Submit Answer & Next
Answer: The number of hydrogen molecules in the given amount is [tex]1.454\times 10^{25}[/tex]
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
Given mass of hydrogen gas = 48.3 g
Molar mass of hydrogen gas = 2 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of hydrogen gas}=\frac{48.3g}{2g/mol}=24.15mol[/tex]
According to mole concept:
1 mole of a compound contains [tex]6.022\time 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules
So, 24.15 moles of hydrogen gas will contain = [tex]24.15\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=1.454\times 10^{25}[/tex] number of molecules.
Hence, the number of hydrogen molecules in the given amount is [tex]1.454\times 10^{25}[/tex]
A liquid mixture contains 1 kg of water, 1.9 lb of ethanol, and 4.6 lb of methyl acetate. What is the weight fraction of ethanol in this mixture? Report your answer to the nearest hundredths place.
Answer: The weight fraction of ethanol in the mixture is
Explanation:
We are given:
Mass of water = 1 kg = 2.205 lb (Conversion factor: 1 kg = 2.205 lb)
Mass of ethanol = 1.9 lb
Mass of ethyl acetate = 4.6 lb
Mass of mixture = [2.205 + 1.9 + 4.6] = 8.705 lb
To calculate the percentage composition of ethanol in mixture, we use the equation:
[tex]\%\text{ composition of ethanol}=\frac{\text{Mass of ethanol}}{\text{Mass of mixture}}\times 100[/tex]
Mass of mixture = 8.705 lb
Mass of ethanol = 1.9 lb
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\%\text{ composition of ethanol}=\frac{1.9lb}{8.705lb}\times 100=21.8\%[/tex]
Hence, the weight fraction of ethanol in the mixture is 21.8 %
A diner adds sugar into their coffee until the sugar starts to precipitate. If they then add more coffee to their drink, what type of solution have they created? Select the correct answer below: O A supersaturated solution O A dilute solution O An unsaturated solution A saturated solution
Answer:
unsaturated solution
Explanation:
This solution is made by the coffee, which is the solvent and the sugar, which is the solute. The solute dissolves in the solvent.
Sugar starts to precipitate because it cannot dissolve anymore. This means that the solution at the equilibrium point and is saturated. Since more coffee or solvent is added, the solution will now be able to dissolve more sugar. This means that the solution is unsaturated
In a first-order decomposition reaction. 20.8% of a compound decomposes in 7.8 min. How long (in min) does it take for 88.2% of the compound to decompose?
Answer:
t = 71.47 min
Explanation:
Using integrated rate law for first order kinetics as:
[tex][A_t]=[A_0]e^{-kt}[/tex]
Where,
[tex][A_t][/tex] is the concentration at time t
[tex][A_0][/tex] is the initial concentration
Given:
20.8 % is decomposed which means that 0.208 of [tex][A_0][/tex] is decomposed. So,
[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}[/tex] = 1 - 0.208 = 0.792
t = 7.8 min
[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}=e^{-k\times t}[/tex]
[tex]0.792=e^{-k\times 7.8}[/tex]
k = 0.0299 min⁻¹
Also,
Given:
88.2 % is decomposed which means that 0.882 of [tex][A_0][/tex] is decomposed. So,
[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}[/tex] = 1 - 0.882 = 0.118
t = ?
[tex]\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}=e^{-k\times t}[/tex]
[tex]0.118=e^{-0.0299\times t}[/tex]
t = 71.47 min
Water flows at the rate of 0.5 kg/s in a 2.5-cm-diameter tube having a length of 4 m. A constant heat flux is imposed at the tube wall so that the tube wall temperature is always 50°C higher than the water temperature. Calculate the heat transfer rate and estimate the temperature rise in the water as it exits the pipe if the water enters at 5°C. The water is pressurized so that boiling cannot occur. (Assume h 3000 W/m2 oC). Note the interplay between heat transfer and thermo!!
Answer:
Q = 47.1 kW
Texit = 25.93ºC
Explanation:
The heat transfer is occurring by convection, which means that the heat is flowing from different materials (tube for water). So, by Newton Cooling Law:
Q = h x A x ΔT
The area of the tube will be :
A = πdL
Where d is the diameter and L is the length.
d = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m
A = 3.14x0.025x4 = 0.314 m²
Then
Q = 3000x0.314x50
Q = 47100 W = 47.1 kW
By the heat equation for water, knowing that the specific heat (c) of water is 4.5 kJ/ºC
Q = mcΔT
47.11 = 0.5x4.5x(Texits - Tenters)
47.1 = 2.25x(Texits - 5ºC)
Texits - 5ºC = 20.93 ºC
Texits = 25.93ºC
47.1 kW is the rate of heat transfer and 25.93ºC is the temperature of the water at exit.
How we calculate the heat transfer?We can calculate the rate of heat transfer of the water by using the Newton's cooling law as:
Q = h x A x ΔT, where
h = heat transfer coefficient = 3000 W/m².°C (given)
A = surface area of heat transfer
ΔT = change in temperature = 50°C (given)
First we calculate the area by using the below formula:
A = πdL, where
d = diameter of tube = 2.5cm = 0.025m
L = length of tube = 4m
A = 3.14 x 0.025 x 4 = 0.314 m²
Therefore, rate of heat transfer is:
Q = 3000 x 0.314 x 50 = 47100 W = 47.1 kW
Now we calculate the rise in temperature by using the below formula:
Q = mcΔT
47.11 = 0.5 x 4.5 x (Texits - Tenters)
47.1 = 2.25 x (Texits - 5ºC)
Texits - 5ºC = 20.93 ºC
Texits = 25.93ºC
Hence, 47.1 kW is the rate of heat transfer and 25.93ºC is the temperature of exit water.
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Which of the following substances has the highest entropy? c. liquid water d. crushed ice
Answer: liquid water
Explanation:
Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder of a system. If a system moves from an ordered arrangement to a disordered arrangement, the entropy is said to decrease and vice versa.
[tex]\Delta S[/tex] is positive when randomness increases and [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is negative when randomness decreases.
Gases have more entropy than liquids and liquids have more entropy than solids due to movement of particles.
Thus liquid water will have more entropy than crushed ice.
The correct answer is liquid water. Liquid water has a higher entropy than crushed ice because the transition from solid to liquid increases the disorder and number of possible microstates for water molecules.
The question of which substance, liquid water or crushed ice, has the highest entropy touches upon the concept of phase transitions and the disorder of molecular systems. The entropy of a system is a measure of its randomness or disorder, where a greater number of possible microstates corresponds to higher entropy.
When ice melts into water, the structure of water molecules becomes less ordered, allowing more freedom of movement. This transition from a solid to a liquid state results in an increase in entropy. Therefore, liquid water has a higher entropy than crushed ice because the molecules in the liquid state have more freedom to move and occupy a greater number of microstates.
For the following pair, indicate which element has the lower first ionization energy: Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
1. Given the elements Cl and Ge ,_________ has the smaller first ionization energy.
2. Given the elements Te and Se , __________ has the smaller first ionization energy.
3. Given the elements Ba and Ti , __________ has the smaller first ionization energy.
4. Given the elements Cu and Ag ,___________ has the smaller first ionization energy.
to fill in the blank:
(A) Ag
(B) Ge
(C) Cl
(D) Ti
(E) Cu
(F) Ba
(G) Se
(H) Te
Answer:
For 1: The correct answer is Ge.
For 2: The correct answer is Te.
For 3: The correct answer is Ba.
For 4: The correct answer is Ag.
Explanation:
Ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell of an isolated gaseous atom. It is represented as [tex]E_i[/tex]
[tex]X(g)\rightarrow X^+(g)+1e^-;E_i[/tex]
Ionization energy increases as we move from left to right in a period. This happens because the atomic radius of an element decreases moving across a period, which increases the effective attraction between the negatively charged electrons and positively-charged nucleus. Hence, the removal of electron from the outermost shell becomes difficult and requires more energy.
Ionization energy decreases on moving from top to bottom in a group. This happens because the number of shells increases as we move down the group. The electrons get added in the new shell. So, the shielding of outermost electrons from the inner ones is more which decreases the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. Hence, the removal of electron from the outermost shell becomes easy and requires less energy.
For the given options:
Option 1:Chlorine is the 17th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 3 and Group 17.
Germanium is the 32nd element of the periodic table belonging to Period 4 and Group 14.
Hence, germanium will have smaller first ionization energy.
Option 2:Tellurium is the 52nd element of the periodic table belonging to Period 5 and Group 16.
Selenium is the 34th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 4 and Group 16.
Hence, tellurium will have smaller first ionization energy.
Option 3:Barium is the 56th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 6 and Group 2.
Titanium is the 22nd element of the periodic table belonging to Period 4 and Group 4.
Hence, barium will have smaller first ionization energy.
Option 4:Copper is the 29th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 4 and Group 11.
Silver is the 47th element of the periodic table belonging to Period 5 and Group 11.
Hence, silver will have smaller first ionization energy.
Ionization energy increases across the period but decreases down the group.
First ionization energy of an element refers to the energy required to remove an electron from the atom. Ionization energy is a periodic trend that increases across the period but decreases down the group.
The following are true regarding the statements in the question;
Given the elements Cl and Ge, Ge has the smaller first ionization energyGiven the elements Te and Se, Te has the smaller first ionization energy.Given the elements Ba and Ti, Ba has the smaller first ionization energy. Given the elements Cu and Ag, Ag has the smaller first ionization energy.Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/11969651
You have 15 grams of ice at 0°C. How much energy is needed to melt the ice and warm it to 25°C. Ice melts at 0°C. The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g*C. The heat of fusion of water is 80. calories per gram O a. 0.0075 calories O b. 380 calories O c. 1200 calories O d. 1600 calories Oe. 30,000 calories
Answer:
d. 1600 calories
Explanation:
The heat of fusion of water, L, is the amount of heat per gram required to melt the ice to water, a process which takes place at a constant temperature of 0 °C. The specific heat of water, c, is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
We will convert the units of c from Jg⁻¹°C⁻¹ to cal·g⁻¹°C⁻¹ since the answers are provided in calories. The conversion factor is 4.18 J/cal.
(4.18 Jg⁻¹°C⁻¹)(cal/4.18J) = 1 cal·g⁻¹°C⁻¹
First we calculate the heat required to melt the ice, where M is the mass:
Q = ML = (15 g)(80 cal/g) = 1200 cal
Then, we calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of water from 0 °C to 25 °C.
Q = mcΔt = (15 g)(1 cal·g⁻¹°C⁻¹)(25 °C - 0 °C) = 380 cal
The answer is rounded so that there are two significant figures
The total heat required for this process is (1200 cal + 380 cal) = 1580 cal
The rounded answer is 1600 calories.
How would you determine the formula weight of Naci? A) Add the mass of sodium (22.99 amu) plus the mass of chlorine together (35.45 amu). B) Multiply the mass of sodium (22.99 amu) by the mass of chlorine (35.45 amu). C) Divide the mass of chlorine (35.45 amu) by the mass by sodium (22.99 amu). D) Subtract the mass of chlorine (35.45 amu) from the mass of sodium (22.99 amu).
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The mass of a compound is the sum of the masses of its component (a total is equal to the sum of its parts).
If a substance increases the OH- concentration of pure water by 10^4. what is the pH of the solution?
Answer:
pH = 11
Explanation:
The concentration of OH⁻ in pure water is 10⁻⁷ M. If a substance increases OH⁻ concentration by 10⁴, the new concentration will be:
[OH⁻] = 10⁴ x 10⁻⁷ M = 10⁻³M
We can calculate pOH using it's definition:
pOH = -log[OH⁻] = -log (10⁻³) = 3
Then, we can find out pH using the following relation:
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 -3 = 11
Since pH = 11 is higher than 7, we can confirm that the substance is a base.
Vanessa pours 52 kilograms of table sugar into 100 mL of coffee. Some of the sugar dissolves, but most of it does not dissolve. The coffee solution is... a....unsaturated with sugar. Ob...saturated with sugar.
The coffee solution is unsaturated with sugar.
Explanation:A sugar and water solution is created when sugar dissolves in water. In this case, Vanessa pours 52 kilograms of table sugar, which is the solute, into 100 mL of coffee, which is the solvent. Since most of the sugar does not dissolve, the coffee solution can be considered unsaturated with sugar.
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Pressure drop in packed column ..... a tray column
a) More than
b) Less than
c) Equal to
d) No relation to
Answer:
The answer is b)
Explanation:
In packed column the mass transfer area is higher and the packing can be random, that could provoque an increase in the pressure, because obstruction of the mass flux, While in a tray column the sieves can have specific porosity and the flux of mass can be facilitated, thus the pressure drop.
Pure nitrogen (N2) and pure hydrogen (H2) are fed to a mixer. The product stream has 40.0% mole nitrogen and the balance hydrogen. The product flow rate is 1,368 kg/hr. Calculate the feed rate of pure nitrogen to the mixer in kg/hr.
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
Mass flow rate of mixture = 1368 kg/hr
[tex]N_{2}[/tex] in feed = 40 mole%
This means that [tex]H_{2}[/tex] in feed = (100 - 40)% = 60%
We assume that there are 100 total moles/hr of gas [tex](N_{2} + H_{2})[/tex] in feed stream.
Hence, calculate the total mass flow rate as follows.
40 moles/hr of N_{2}/hr (28 g/mol of [tex]N_{2}[/tex]) + 60 moles/hr of [tex]H_{2}/hr[/tex] (2 g/mol of [tex]H_{2}[/tex])
[tex]40 \times 28 g/hr + 60 \times 2 g/hr[/tex]
= 1120 g/hr + 120 g/hr
= 1240 g/hr
= [tex]\frac{1240}{1000}[/tex] (as 1 kg = 1000 g)
= 1.240 kg/hr
Now, we will calculate mol/hr in the actual feed stream as follows.
[tex]\frac{100 mol/hr}{1.240 kg/hr} \times 1368 kg/hr[/tex]
= 110322.58 moles/hr
It is given that amount of nitrogen present in the feed stream is 40%. Hence, calculate the flow of [tex]N_{2}[/tex] into the reactor as follows.
[tex]0.4 \times 110322.58 moles/hr[/tex]
= 44129.03 mol/hr
As 1 mole of nitrogen has 28 g/mol of mass or 0.028 kg.
Therefore, calculate the rate flow of [tex]N_{2}[/tex] into the reactor as follows.
[tex]0.028 kg \times 44129.03 mol/hr[/tex]
= 1235.612 kg/hr
Thus, we can conclude that the the feed rate of pure nitrogen to the mixer is 1235.612 kg/hr.
What is the chemical formula for Iron(III) hydroxide? Hydroxide is OH O a. Fe(OH)2 O b. FeOH Fe2OH O c. O d. Fe(OH)3 O e. Fe2(OH)3
The correct chemical formula for Iron(III) hydroxide is Fe(OH)3, which is formed by combining one iron ion with a +3 charge (Fe3+) with three hydroxide ions (OH-).
Explanation:The chemical formula for Iron(III) hydroxide is Fe(OH)3. This compound consists of an iron ion with a +3 charge (Fe3+) and three hydroxide ions (OH-). The number in parentheses after iron indicates the oxidation state of iron, which in this case is +3. The formula reflects the stoichiometry required to balance the charges, resulting in one Fe3+ for every three OH- ions to form the neutral compound. Therefore, the correct answer is Fe(OH)3.
The correct answer is d. Fe(OH)₃.