Calculate the freezing point of a 0.08500 m aqueous solution of nano3. the molal freezing-point-depression constant of water is 1.86°c/m. remember to include the value of i.

Carbon has a higher boiling point than [tex]CH_4[/tex].

The boiling point of a substance is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into vapor. This point of liquid varies depending on the surrounding environmental pressure.

The boiling point is the temperature at which the pressure exerted by the surroundings on a liquid is equal to the pressure exerted by the liquid's vapor, in which case the liquid changes to vapor without additional heat raising the temperature.

For above given example,

[tex]CH_4[/tex] is a gas at room temperature having a boiling point of -258.7 F (-161.5 C) which is why it’s boiling point is so low while Carbon is a solid at room temperature having a boiling point of 8,721 F (4,827 C)

Thus, Carbon has a higher boiling point than [tex]CH_4[/tex].

Learn more about Boiling point, here:

https://brainly.com/question/2153588

#SPJ5

Equilibrium in a reversible reaction is established when the rate of the forward reaction (reactants transforming into products) equals the rate of the backward reaction (products reconverting into reactants). This indicates that the amounts of products and reactants are no longer changing over time.

In a reversible reaction, equilibrium is established when option (b) is correct: the rate of the forward reaction (reactants transforming into products) becomes equal to the rate of the backward (or reverse) reaction (products converting back into reactants). This does not necessarily mean the concentrations of the products and reactants are equal. Rather, it means the amounts of products and reactants are no longer changing over time, demonstrating a state of dynamic equilibrium. The equilibrium can shift depending on external factors and conditions such as temperature, pressure, or concentration changes, which is described by Le Chatelier's Principle.

https://brainly.com/question/31950205

#SPJ6

Answer:

The procedure by which soil, land, or rock get slowly worn away by the natural elements like wind or water is known as erosion. The landforms refer to the natural characteristics found on the surface of the Earth that exhibit different shape and origin. The landforms can be destroyed and created by erosion.  

The landforms created by the process of erosion are known as fluvial erosion landforms. With the passing of water across the land, the sediments and other kinds of natural debris also get carried with it. With time, the gathering of the debris and sediments generate deposits that ultimately turn into a landform. Some of the examples of fluvial erosion landforms comprise flood plains, sandbars, and levees.  

The  skeletal structures of a 2° alkyl bromide with two  stereogenic centers is shown below.

A carbon atom in a molecule that is linked to four separate substituents is referred to as a stereogenic center, also referred to as a chiral center. Because secondary carbon atoms normally have two identical alkyl groups and two hydrogen atoms linked to them.

The two of the substituents (two alkyl groups) are the same. Tetrahedral carbon compounds with four distinct substituents are frequently where chirality occurs.

Learn more about 2° alkyl bromide :https://brainly.com/question/34427871

#SPJ4

The chemical reaction is given as:

[tex]2NaDP^{+} +2H_{2}O\rightarrow 2NaDPH+2H^{+}+O_{2}[/tex]

Here, oxygen is oxidised and [tex]NaDP^{+}[/tex] is reduced. Thus, redox reaction occurs.

For cell reaction, [tex]\Delta G^{o} = -nFE^{o}_{cell}[/tex]          (2)

where, [tex]\Delta G^{o} [/tex] = standard state free energy

n= number of electrons

F= Faraday constant ([tex]96485.33 C/mol[/tex])

[tex]E^{o}_{cell}[/tex] = cell potential

Substitute the value of number of electrons i.e. 2, Faraday constant and cell potential in the formula to determine the value of  [tex]\Delta G^{o} [/tex].

Now, calculate the value of cell potential

[tex]E^{o}_{cell} = E^{o}_{cathode}- E^{o}_{anode}[/tex]           (1)

[tex]E^{o}_{cathode}[/tex] = [tex]-0.324 V[/tex] (standard reduction potential of [tex]NaDP^{+}[/tex])

[tex]E^{o}_{anode}[/tex] = [tex]1.23 V[/tex] (standard reduction potential of [tex]O_{2}[/tex])

Put the above values in formula (1), we get:

[tex]E^{o}_{cell} = -0.324 V-1.23 V[/tex]

= [tex]-1.554 V[/tex]

Now, substitute above value in formula (2)

[tex]\Delta G^{o} = -2\times 96485.33 C/mol \times(-1.554 V) [/tex]  

= [tex]299876.40564 CV/mol[/tex]

Since, one coulomb volt is equal to one joule.

Thus, value of [tex]\Delta G^{o}[/tex] is equal to [tex]299876.40564 J/mol[/tex] or [tex]299.87640564 kJ/mol[/tex]

The ideal gas relates to the pressure, temperature, pressure, and mole of the gas. The volume of the sample at 423 K and 1 atm is 81.64L.

Charles law gave the relation between the temperature and the volume of gas. According to him, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.

Given,

Initial volume = 75.9 L

Initial temperature = 300 K

Final volume = ?

Final temperature = 423 K

The relation between the temperature and the volume of the two gases is shown as:

[tex]\rm \dfrac{V_{1}}{T_{1}} = \rm \dfrac{V_{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Substituting values in the above equation:

[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm V_{2}& = \rm \dfrac{T_{2}V_{1}}{T_{1}}\\\\&= \dfrac{57.9\times 423}{300}\\\\&= 81.64 \;\rm L \end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, 81.64 L is the final volume at 423 K.

Learn more about Charles law here:

https://brainly.com/question/20212888

For producing 61 L of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex], 227.23 grams of  [tex]\rm CaCO_3[/tex]. is required.

Any gas occupies 22.4 L/mol space at STP.

So, 61.0 L of gas will be;

Moles of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] = [tex]\rm \frac{61.0}{22.4}[/tex]

Moles of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] = 2.723 moles

From the reaction,

1 mole of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] has been produced by 1 mole of [tex]\rm CaCO_3[/tex].

2.723 moles of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] has been produced by 2.723 mole of [tex]\rm CaCO_3[/tex].

Mass = [tex]\rm moles\;\times\;molecular\;weight[/tex]

Mass of [tex]\rm CaCO_3[/tex]. = 2.723 [tex]\times[/tex] 100

Mass of [tex]\rm CaCO_3[/tex]. = 227.23 grams.

For producing 61 L of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex], 227.23 grams of  [tex]\rm CaCO_3[/tex]. is required.

For more information, refer the link:

https://brainly.com/question/20290065?referrer=searchResults

Reaction of reduction at cathode(-): Ba²⁺(l) + 2e⁻ → Ba(l).

Reaction of oxidation at anode(+): 2Cl⁻(l) → Cl₂(g) + 2e⁻.

The anode is positive and the cathode is negative.

For an atom, the atomic number is equal to number of protons and number of electrons. Mass number is sum of number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of an atom. Atomic number is denoted by symbol Z and mass number is denoted by symbol A.

The atomic number of strontium is Z=38 and mass number is A=90.

Now, [tex]Z=n_{p}=n_{e}=38[/tex]

Also, [tex]A=n_{p}+n_{n}=90[/tex]

Putting the value of [tex]n_{p}[/tex] in above equation,

[tex]A=38+n_{n}=90[/tex]

Or,

[tex]n_{n}=90-38=52[/tex]

Thus, number of neutrons are 52.

Now, after losing two electrons, number of protons and neutrons remains the same but number of electrons becomes 38-2=36

Therefore, a strontium-90 atom that has lost 2 electrons has 38 protons, 52 neutrons and 36 electrons.

A strontium-90 atom that has lost two electrons has 38 protons, 52 neutrons, and 36 electrons.

A strontium-90 atom originally has 38 protons, 52 neutrons, and 38 electrons. If it has lost 2 electrons, then it has 36 electrons left. So, a strontium-90 atom that has lost 2 electrons has 38 protons, 52 neutrons, and 36 electrons. The atomic number of strontium is 38, which tells us its number of protons, and by subtracting this number from the atomic mass, we get the number of neutrons. The number of electrons in a neutral atom should be equal to the number of protons, but if the atom becomes an ion and loses electrons in the process, the number of electrons decreases.

https://brainly.com/question/35522980

#SPJ6

By applying the modified Gibbs Free Energy formula with given values for equilibrium constants, atom concentrations, and other parameters, we find ΔG for nitrous acid at 25°C to be around 27.94 KJ/mol.

In chemistry, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is calculated using the equation ΔG = -RTlnK, where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and K is the equilibrium constant. However, since we're given Ka, the equation must be adapted. Therefore, we use ΔG = -RTlnKa + RTlnQ, where Q is the reaction quotient given by [NO₂⁻][H⁺] / [HNO₂].

Inserting the given values, such as Ka = 4.5×10⁻⁴, R (in appropriate units) as 0.0083145 KJ/(mol.K), T as 298.15K (25°C in Kelvin), and Q = ([NO₂⁻][H⁺]) / [HNO₂] = (6.3×10⁻⁴ × 5.9×10−2) / 0.21, we can now solve for ΔG. Doing the math, we find that ΔG ≈ 27.94 KJ/mol.

https://brainly.com/question/32260413

#SPJ12

To neutralize 20.0 mL of 0.250 M NaOH, you will need 50.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl.

To determine how much 0.100 M HCl is required to neutralize 20.0 mL of 0.250 M NaOH, we can use the balanced equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq). The mole ratio between HCl and NaOH is 1:1, meaning that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH. We can use this ratio to calculate the amount of HCl needed.

First, find the number of moles of NaOH:

0.250 M NaOH x 0.0200 L = 0.005 moles NaOH

Since the mole ratio between HCl and NaOH is 1:1, we need 0.005 moles of HCl to neutralize the NaOH.

Now, calculate the volume of 0.100 M HCl needed to contain 0.005 moles:

0.005 mol HCl / 0.100 mol/L = 0.050 L = 50.0 mL

Therefore, 50.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl is required to completely neutralize 20.0 mL of 0.250 M NaOH.

https://brainly.com/question/11403609

#SPJ11

The lowest energy Lewis structure for nitrogen oxide (NO) involves one nitrogen and one oxygen atom sharing a total of 11 valence electrons with an unpaired electron on Nitrogen. It's an odd-electron molecule with a resonance structure, where the electron distribution is a hybrid average of a single and double bond.

The lowest energy Lewis structure for nitrogen oxide (NO) has one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom with a total of 11 valence electrons. One of these electrons will remain unpaired, which is typical of chemicals that contain nitrogen. Therefore, the nitrogen has a single unpaired electron, while the oxygen atom is fully paired with two lone pairs and one shared pair.

Nitrogen oxide is an odd-electron molecule, meaning it has an unpaired electron which contributes to its reactive properties. Drawing a correct Lewis structure for such molecules involves the same steps as for other molecules, but there may be some unpaired electrons.

To summarize, nitrogen oxide (NO) has a resonance structure rather than a single Lewis structure, due to the presence of an unpaired electron. The representation of its electron distribution is an average of a single bond and a double bond, illustrated as a resonance hybrid of the individual resonance forms.

https://brainly.com/question/20300458

#SPJ11

The study of chemicals and bonds is called chemistry. There are two types of elements and these are metals and nonmetals.

The correct answer is -12.266.

Elevation in boiling point is mathematically expressed as

[tex]Tb = Kb * m[/tex]

Where

ΔTb[tex]= 2.53 * 3.47 = 8.779 oC[/tex]

But, the boiling point of benzene = 80.1 oC

Boiling point of solution = 88.879 oC

Now, Depression in freezing point = ΔTf[tex]= Kf * m[/tex]

where,

ΔTf =[tex]5.12 X*3.47 = 17.766 oC[/tex]

But the freezing point of benzene = 5.5 oC.

Freezing point of solution = -12.266 oC.

For more information about the boiling point, refer to the link:-

https://brainly.com/question/9864045

The average kinetic energy of hydrogen molecules at 100 K with three degrees of freedom can be calculated using the formula kavg = 3/2 * k * T, where k is Boltzmann's constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

The average kinetic energy kavg of hydrogen molecules at a temperature of 100 K with three degrees of freedom can be calculated using the formula:

kavg = 3/2 * k * T

where k is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x 10^-23 J/K) and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Plugging in the values:

Option B: Nuclear fission reactions rarely occur naturally while nuclear fusion reactions occur in the stars.

Nuclear fission reaction is defined as formation of two or more atoms by splitting of large atoms. On the other hand, nuclear fusion reaction is formation of large atom from small atoms.

The splitting of large atoms into small atoms (nuclear fission) generally does not occur naturally because it requires high speed neutrons and critical mass of the substance undergoing fission.

Nuclear fusion reaction occurs in stars such as sun because it requires extremely high energy to bring two more proton closer to each other by overcoming electronic repulsion.

Therefore, nuclear fission reactions rarely occur naturally while nuclear fusion reactions occur in the stars.

The new freezing point of the solution is -8.63 °C.

Using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, we need to convert 4.00 L of gas at 27°C (which is 300 K) and 748 mmHg to moles of gas.

P = 748 mmHg / 760 mmHg atm = 0.984 atm

[tex]n = \frac{PV}{RT} = \frac{0.984 \, \text{atm} \times 4.00 \, \text{L}}{0.0821 \, \text{L atm / K mol} \times 300 \, \text{K}} = 0.160 \, \text{mol}[/tex]

Calculate molality:

Molality (m) = moles of solute / kg of solvent = 0.160 mol / 0.0580 kg = 2.759 m

Calculate freezing point depression (ΔTf):

ΔTf = i * Kf * m

For non-electrolytes, i = 1.

ΔTf = 1 * 5.12 °C/m * 2.759 m = 14.13 °C

Determine the new freezing point:

The freezing point of pure benzene is 5.5 °C.

New freezing point = 5.5 °C - 14.13 °C = -8.63 °C

Thus, the freezing point of the solution is -8.63 °C.

Answer:

∆G° = -185 kJ

Explanation:

First, use the half-reaction method:

OX: Cd ⟶ Cd2+ + 2e- where E° = -0.40 V (anode)

RED: 2MnO-4 + e- ⟶ 2MnO2-4 where E° = 0.56 V (cathode)

Balance the chemical equation with the correct stoichiometric coefficients:

2 × (2MnO-4 + e- ⟶ 2MnO2-4) = 4MnO-4 + 2e- ⟶ 4MnO2-4

1 × (Cd ⟶ Cd2+ + 2e-) = Cd ⟶ Cd2+ + 2e-

Cancel out e- on both sides to get:

4MnO-4 + Cd ⟶ 4MnO2-4 + Cd2+

Using this balanced equation, we can determine:

number of moles of electrons exchanged in the cell reaction, n = 2

E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode = 0.56 - (-0.40) = 0.96 V

F, Faraday's constant: 96485 / mol e-

∆G° = -nFE°cell = -(2)(96485)(0.96)

∆G° = -185251.2 J = -185 kJ

When copper reacts with nitric acid, then cooper nitrate, water, and nitrogen dioxide are produced. In this reaction, copper gets oxidized by nitric acid.

Oxidation is a type of chemical reaction involving the sharing of electrons and an increase or decrease of the oxidation number. When a chemical species loses an electron, it is said to be oxidized.

The balanced chemical reaction is given as:

Cu(s) + 4HNO₃(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

In the reaction, copper forms copper nitrate, and its oxidation changes from 0 to +2. On the other hand, nitrate species get reduced to nitrogen dioxide and change the state from +5 to +4.

Therefore, copper gets oxidized by nitric acid.

Learn more about oxidization here:

https://brainly.com/question/9256742

#SPJ2