Answer:
See explanation below
Explanation:
First, you are not providing any data about the mass of ice and the innitial temperature of water, so, I'm gonna use data from a similar exercise, so in order for you to get the accurate and correct answer, just replace the data in this procedure, and you should be fine.
Now, For this exercise, I will assume we have an 8 g ice cube pounded into 230 g of water. The expression to use here is the following:
q = m*Cp*ΔT (1)
Solving for ΔT:
ΔT = q / m*Cp (2)
Where:
q: heat of the water
m: mass of water
Cp: specific heat of water which is 4.18 J /g °C
Now, we don't know the heat emmited by water, we need to calculate that. To do this, we have data for ice and water, so, let's find first the heat absorbed by the melting ice, and then, the water.
Converting the grams into moles, using the molar mass of water which is 18 g/mol rounded:
moles of ice = 8 g / 18 g/mol = 0.44 moles of water
Now, we'll use the molar heat of fusion of water to convert the moles to kJ:
qi = 0.44 mol * 6.02 kJ/mol =¨2.6488 kJ
Now, as the ice is the system and water the surroundings, the melting of ice in endothermic therefore the heat of water should be the same of ice but negative, therefore:
qi = -qw = -2.6488 kJ or -2648.8 J
Finally, replace this value in equation (2) to get the temperature change:
ΔT = -2648.8 / (230 * 4.18)
ΔT = -2.75 °C
Now, use your data of ice and water and replace them here in this procedure to get the correct and accurate answer.
Calculate to three significant digits the density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at exactly 15°C and exactly 1atm . You can assume sulfur hexafluoride gas behaves as an ideal gas under these conditions.
The density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at 15°C and 1 atm is approximately 6.52 g/L. This calculation is done using the ideal gas law and assuming sulfur hexafluoride behaves as an ideal gas under these conditions.
Explanation:To calculate the density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at 15° C and 1 atm, we can use the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law states PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. First, convert 15°C to Kelvin by adding 273.15, which gives 288.15 K. The molar mass of sulfur hexafluoride is around 146.06 g/mol. R is 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol), and P is 1 atm. So, you can solve for density (d) which is mass/volume, or essentially (n*M)/V.
By rearranging the ideal gas law, V=nRT/P, and substituting into the density equation, we get d=P*M/(R*T) = (1 atm * 146.06g/mol) / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 288.15 K) = approximately 6.52 g/L to three significant figures.
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The density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at 15°C and 1atm, assuming it behaves as an ideal gas, is approximately 6.52g/L.
Explanation:The question asks for the density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at exactly 15°C and 1atm. We can calculate this by using the ideal gas law which states PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. We rearrange this to n/V=P/RT which gives us the molar density. From the molar density, we can easily determine the density by multiplying it by the molar mass. To convert 15°C to Kelvin, we add 273.15 to give us 288.15K. This gives us a molar density of 1atm/(0.0821 L.atm/K.mol * 288.15K) = 0.0446 mol/L. The molar mass of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is about 146g/mol. Multiply this by the molar volume gives us a density of 6.52g/L, to three significant figures.
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identify all statements are true
1. zeroth order rate constants have units of inverse seconds
2. first order reactions have half lives that are dependent on time
3. catalysts cannot appear in the rate law for a reaction.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
Explanation:
Identify all statements are true
1. zeroth order rate constants have units of inverse seconds. FALSE.
The rate law for a zeroth order rate reaction has the following form:
r = k
where,
r is the rate of the reaction
k is the rate constant
k has the same units than r, that is, M . s⁻¹.
2. first order reactions have half lives that are dependent on time . FALSE.
Half-life (t1/2) of a first order reaction can be calculated using the following expression.
[tex]t_{1/2}=\frac{ln2}{k}[/tex]
As we can see, half-life does not depend on time.
3. catalysts cannot appear in the rate law for a reaction. TRUE.
The rate law has the following form:
r = k . [A]ᵃ . [B]ᵇ
where,
[A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants
a and b are the reaction orders
Catalysts do not appear in the rate law.
You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?
Explanation:
Endothermic animals are also known as warm-blooded, they have the capacity to regulate their body temperature independent of the environment. They have mechanisms to compensate if heat loss exceeds heat generation (shivers) Or if heat generation exceeds the heat loss (panting, sweating).
On the other hand, ectothermal animals are known as cold blooded organisms and depend on external sources, like sunlight, to regulate their body temperature, reptiles are ectothermals.
To determine if the animal of interest is endo or ectothermal you’ll have to consider that is a reptile, you’ll also observe that it consumes less food and finally it’ll have more difficulties to adapt to sudden temperature changes.
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
To determine if a tropical reptile is an endotherm or an ectotherm, observe its behavior in response to environmental temperature changes and test its metabolic rate and body temperature in various conditions.
To determine whether a large tropical reptile with a high and relatively stable body temperature is an endotherm or an ectotherm, one should observe the animal's behavior and response to changes in environmental temperature. If the reptile is an endotherm, it would generate its own heat through metabolic processes and maintain a stable body temperature regardless of the environment.
Endotherms demonstrate behaviors like shivering to generate heat when cold. Ectotherms, on the other hand, rely on the environment to regulate their body temperature, and this can be observed if the animal basks in the sun to warm up or seeks shade to cool down.
Most reptiles are known to be ectotherms and can exhibit behaviors such as brumation in response to cold temperatures. This state is similar to hibernation but doesn't rely on fat reserves. Therefore, if the reptile is less active in colder conditions and depends on external heat sources like sunlight, it is likely an ectotherm. However, if the reptile maintains an active metabolism and body temperature in colder environments without relying on external heat sources, it may be an endotherm.
Specific tests could include monitoring the reptile's body temperature in controlled environments with varying temperatures and measuring the metabolic rate under these conditions to see if there is internal heat production.
Based on the activity series, which one of the reactions below will occur? Mn (s) + NiCl2 (aq) → MnCl2 (aq) + Ni (s) Fe (s) + ZnCl2 (aq) → FeCl2 (aq) + Zn (s) Pb (s) + NiI2 (aq) → PbI2 (aq) + Ni (s) SnBr2 (aq) + Cu (s) → CuBr2 (aq)
Answer:
The reaction that will occur are:
[tex]Mn(s)+NiCl_{2}(aq)->MnCl_{2}(aq)+Ni(s)[/tex]
Explanation:
In the activity series, a higher metal can displace a lower metal from its salt.
Mn is placed in a higher position than Ni in the activity series. Hence, it is able to displace Ni from its salt [tex]NiCl_{2}[/tex].
All the other reactions are not feasible based on the activity series.
The link for the activity series I referred is given below:
https://studylib.net/doc/9281468/topic-9.1-activity-series
What is the difference between electronegativity and ionization energy
Answer:
These properties are basically the inverse of each other.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract an electron and make it a part of its orbital.Ionization enthalpy, is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
More electronegative atoms have high ionization enthalpies If the energy required to remove an electron is less, i.e. the atom has more tendency to give electron, it would thus have less tendency to take electron. Values and tendency of electronegativity in the periodic table: In general, the electronegativity of a non‐metal is larger than that of metal. For the elements of one period the electronegativities increase from left to right across the periodic table. For the elements of one main group the electronegativities decrease from top to bottom across the periodic table. To the subgroup elements, there’s no regular rule.Values and tendency of ionization potential in the periodic table: The first ionization energy is the energy which is required when a gaseous atom/ion loses an electron to form a gaseous +1 valence ion. The energy which is required for a gaseous +1 valence ion to loose an electron to form a gaseous +2 valence ion, is called the second ionization energy of an element. In general, the second ionization energy is higher than the first ionization energy of an element. The first ionization energies of the elements of one period increase from the left to the right across the periodic table. According to the elements of main group, the first ionization energies generally decreases from top to bottom across the periodic table.Ionization energy is the reverse of electronegativity. Ionization energy tells you how easily or how attracted you are to your own electrons so how hard is for somebody to steal them so it's about how much you hold on to your electrons.
Electronegativity is a chemical property and it's about how much can I steal somebody else's electrons. They are like two sides of the same coin. Electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number (number of protons in the core of an atom) and how far the valence electrons (the outermost electrons) are from the core.
a. Match each type of titration to its pH at the equivalence point.
Weak acid, strong base
Strong acid, strong base
Weak base, strong acid
pH less than 7
pH equal to 7
pH greater than 7
b. A 56.0 mL volume of 0.25 M HBr is titrated with 0.50 M KOH. Calculate the pH after addition of 28.0 mL of KOH.
c. Consider the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.20 M NH3 (Kb=1.8 x 10^-5) with 0.20 M HNO3. Calculate the pH after addition of 50.0 mL of the titrant.
d. A 30.0 mL volume of 0.50 M CH3COOH (Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5) was titrated with 0.50 M NaOH. Calculate the pH after addition of 30.0 mL of NaOH.
Answer:answers are in the explanation
Explanation:
(a). pH less than 7 between 1 - 3.5 are strong acid, and between 4.5-6.9 weak acid.
pH greater than 7; between 10-14 is a strong base, and between 7.1 - 9, it is weakly basic.
(b). Equation of reaction;
HBr + KOH ---------> KBr + H2O
One mole of HBr reacts with one mole of KOH to give one Mole of KBr and one mole of H2O
Calculating the mmol, we have;
mmol KOH = 28.0 ml × 0.50 M
mmol KOH= 14 mmol
mmol of HBr= 56 ml × 0.25M
mmol of HBr= 14 mmol
Both HBr and KOH are used up in the reaction, which leaves only the product,KBr and H2O.
The pH here is greater than 7
(C). [NH4^+] = 0.20 mol L^-1 × 50 ml. L^-1 ÷ 50 mL + 50mL
= 0.10 M
Ka=Kw/kb
10^-14/ 1.8× 10^-5
Ka= 5.56 ×10^-10
Therefore, ka= x^2 / 0.20
5.56e-10 = x^2/0.20
x= (0.20 × 5.56e-10)^2
x= 1.05 × 10^-5
pH = -log [H+]
pH= - log[1.05 × 10^-5]
pH = 4.98
Acidic(less than 7)
(c). 0.5 × 20/40
= 0.25 M
Ka= Kw/kb
kb= 10^-14/1.8× 10^-5
Kb = 5.56×10^-10
x= (5.56×10^-10 × 0.5)^2
x= 1.667×10^-5 M
pH will be basic
Final answer:
In titrations, the pH at the equivalence point depends on the type of titration. For part b, the pH after adding 28.0 mL of KOH can be calculated by determining the moles of HBr and KOH and using the stoichiometry of the reaction. Similarly, for part c and part d, we can calculate the pH by determining the moles of the reactants and using stoichiometry.
Explanation:
For the first part of the question, the pH at the equivalence point depends on the type of titration. In a titration between a weak acid and a strong base, the pH at the equivalence point will be greater than 7. In a titration between a strong acid and a strong base, the pH at the equivalence point will be equal to 7. In a titration between a weak base and a strong acid, the pH at the equivalence point will be less than 7.
For part b, we have a titration between a strong acid (HBr) and a strong base (KOH). The initial volume of HBr is 56.0 mL and the volume of KOH added is 28.0 mL. To calculate the pH after the addition of 28.0 mL of KOH, we need to determine the moles of HBr and KOH and use the stoichiometry of the reaction to find the concentration of the resulting solution, which will give us the pH.
For part c, we have a titration between a weak base (NH3) and a strong acid (HNO3). The initial volume of NH3 is 50.0 mL and the volume of HNO3 added is 50.0 mL. Similarly to part b, we need to determine the moles of NH3 and HNO3 and use the stoichiometry of the reaction to find the concentration of the resulting solution, which will give us the pH.
For part d, we have a titration between a weak acid (CH3COOH) and a strong base (NaOH). The initial volume of CH3COOH is 30.0 mL and the volume of NaOH added is also 30.0 mL. Again, we need to determine the moles of CH3COOH and NaOH and use the stoichiometry of the reaction to find the concentration of the resulting solution, which will give us the pH at this point.
The elements of which group in the periodic table release the most energy by gaining an electron?
Answer:
The halogens located in group 17
Explanation:
The change in energy of a neutral atom when an electron is added is known as electron affinity. Fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At) are known as halogens and conform the group 17 of the periodic table, the group that presents higher electron affinity. This characteristic happens because of their atomic structures, it is easier for them to gain electrons because they are closer to form octets.
Here I present you halogens' electron affinities values:
Fluorine (F) -328 kJ mol-1 Chlorine (Cl) -349 kJ mol-1 Bromine (Br) -324 kJ mol-1 Iodine (I) -295 kJ mol-1The use of negative signs is to indicate the RELEASE of energy.
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
as you move from bottom on the periodic table to the top shielding
Answer:
AS we move from bottom to top on periodic table shielding decreased.
Explanation:
As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction.
As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.
As we move from bottom to top the energy level decreased because of decreased in electron thus shielding decreased and atomic size also decreased.
The reaction N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 is used to produce ammonia. When 450. g of hydrogen was reacted with nitrogen, 1575 g of ammonia were actually produced. What is the percent yield of this reaction?
a. 20,7%
b. 41,5%
c. 62,1%
d. 30,8%
e. More information is needed to solve this problem
Answer:
61.76%
Explanation:
Percent yield = Actual yield/Theoeetical yield × 100%
We need to calculate the theoretical yield for this reaction.
Firstly, we need to know the number of moles of hydrogen reacted = mass of hydrogen ÷ molar mass = 450 ÷ 2 = 225 moles
From the reaction, we can see that 3 moles of hydrogen yielded 2 moles of ammonia. Hence 225 moles of hydrogen will yield:
(225 × 2) ÷ 3 = 150 moles
The actual mass of ammonia yielded = number of moles × molar mass = 150 × 17 = 2550g
Actual yield = 1575g
Theoretical yield = 2550g
Percentage yield = 1575/2550 × 100% = 61.76%
The correct option is (c). The percent yield of this reaction is 62.1%
To calculate the percent yield of the reaction, we need to compare the actual yield to the theoretical yield. The balanced chemical equation for the production of ammonia is:
[tex]\[ N_2 + 3H_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3 \][/tex]
From the equation, we see that 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia. The molar masses of[tex]\( N_2 \), \( H_2 \), and \( NH_3 \)[/tex] are approximately 28.02 g/mol, 2.016 g/mol, and 17.031 g/mol, respectively.
First, we calculate the number of moles of hydrogen gas that reacted:
[tex]\[ \text{moles of } H_2 = \frac{\text{mass of } H_2}{\text{molar mass of } H_2} = \frac{450 \text{ g}}{2.016 \text{ g/mol}} \approx 223.2 \text{ moles} \][/tex]
Since the stoichiometric ratio of[tex]\( H_2 \) to \( NH_3 \)[/tex] is 3:2, we can find the theoretical yield of ammonia:
[tex]\[ \text{moles of } NH_3 \text{ produced theoretically} = \frac{2}{3} \times 223.2 \text{ moles} \approx 148.8 \text{ moles} \][/tex]
Now, we calculate the theoretical mass of ammonia that could be produced:
[tex]\[ \text{mass of } NH_3 \text{ theoretically} \approx 148.8 \text{ moles} \times 17.031 \text{ g/mol} \approx 2533.5 \text{ g} \][/tex]
The actual yield is given as 1575 g of ammonia. The percent yield is calculated by:
[tex]\[ \text{Percent Yield} = \left( \frac{\text{actual yield}}{\text{theoretical yield}} \right) \times 100\% \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Percent Yield} = \left( \frac{1575 \text{ g}}{2533.5 \text{ g}} \right) \times 100\% \approx 62.1\% \][/tex]
Therefore, the percent yield of this reaction is 62.1%.
Given any two elements within a group, is the element with the larger atomic number likely to have a larger or smaller atomic radius than the other element
Answer:
Atomic radius of sodium = 227 pm
Atomic radius of potassium = 280 pm
Explanation:
Atomic radii trend along group:
As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.
Consider the example of sodium and potassium.
Sodium is present above the potassium with in same group i.e, group one.
The atomic number of sodium is 11 and potassium 19.
So potassium will have larger atomic radius as compared to sodium.
Atomic radius of sodium = 227 pm
Atomic radius of potassium = 280 pm
alculate the enthalpy of the reaction 4B(s)+3O2(g)→2B2O3(s) given the following pertinent information: B2O3(s)+3H2O(g)→3O2(g)+B2H6(g), ΔH∘A=+2035 kJ 2B(s)+3H2(g)→B2H6(g), ΔH∘B=+36 kJ H2(g)+12O2(g)→H2O(l), ΔH∘C=−285 kJ H2O(l)→H2O(g), ΔH∘D=+4
Answer:
-2312 kJ
Explanation:
By the Hess Law, when a reaction is formed by several steps, the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the global reaction can be calculated by the sum of the enthalpy changes of the steps reactions.
Besides that, when a reaction is multiplied by a constant, ΔH must be multiplied by the same constant, and when the reaction is inverted, the signal of ΔH must be inverted.
B₂O₃(s) + 3H₂O(g) → 3O₂(g) + B₂H₆(g) ΔH = +2035 kJ (multiply by 2 and inverted)
2B(s) + 3H₂(g) → B₂H₆(g) ΔH = +36 kJ (multiply by 2)
H₂(g) + 1/2O₂(g) → H₂O(l) ΔH = -285 kJ (multiply by 6 and inverted)
H₂O(l) → H₂O(g) ΔH = +4 kJ (multiply by 6 and inverted)
-------------------------------------------------------
6O₂(g) + 2B₂H₆(g) → 2B₂O₃(s) + 6H₂O(g) ΔH = -4070 kJ
4B(s) + 6H₂(g) → 2B₂H₆(g) ΔH = +72 kJ
6H₂O(l) → 6H₂(g) + 3O₂(g) ΔH = +1710 kJ
6H₂O(g) → 6H₂O(l) ΔH = -24 kJ
Summing the equation, simplifying the equal terms in both sides:
4B(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2B₂O₃(s)
ΔH = -4070 + 72 + 1710 - 24
ΔH = -2312 kJ
gold(iii) chloride reacts with Antimony(III) oxide and water to produce Gold Antimony(V) oxide and Hydrochloric acid balanced equation
A 6.53 g sample of a mixture of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate is treated with excess hydrochloric acid. The resulting reaction produces 1.73 L of carbon dioxide gas at 26 ∘C and 745 torr pressure.
a)Calculate the total number of moles of carbon dioxide that forms from these reactions.
Express your answer using three significant figures.
b) Assuming that the reactions are complete, calculate the percentage by mass of magnesium carbonate in the mixture.
a. [tex]\[ n \approx 0.0711 \, \text{moles} \][/tex]
b. the percentage by mass of magnesium carbonate in the mixture is [tex]\(100\%\)[/tex].
a) To find the total number of moles of carbon dioxide formed, we first need to calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide using the ideal gas law. Then, we can use stoichiometry to relate the moles of carbon dioxide to the moles of magnesium carbonate reacted.
Given:
- Mass of mixture = 6.53 g
- Volume of carbon dioxide = 1.73 L
- Temperature = 26 °C = 26 + 273.15 K = 299.15 K
- Pressure = 745 torr
First, let's calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide using the ideal gas law:
[tex]\[ PV = nRT \][/tex]
Where:
- P is the pressure in atm (convert 745 torr to atm),
- V is the volume in liters,
- n is the number of moles,
- R is the gas constant (0.0821 atm L/mol K),
- T is the temperature in Kelvin.
[tex]\[ P = \frac{745 \, \text{torr}}{760 \, \text{torr/atm}} = 0.980 \, \text{atm} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n = \frac{PV}{RT} = \frac{(0.980 \, \text{atm})(1.73 \, \text{L})}{(0.0821 \, \text{atm} \cdot \text{L/mol} \cdot \text{K})(299.15 \, \text{K})} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n \approx 0.0711 \, \text{moles} \][/tex]
b) Now, let's use stoichiometry to relate the moles of carbon dioxide formed to the moles of magnesium carbonate reacted. From the balanced chemical equation:
[tex]\[ \text{MgCO}_3 + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{MgCl}_2 + \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \][/tex]
We see that 1 mole of magnesium carbonate [tex](\( \text{MgCO}_3 \))[/tex] reacts to produce 1 mole of carbon dioxide [tex](\( \text{CO}_2 \))[/tex].
So, the moles of magnesium carbonate reacted is also [tex]\(0.0711 \, \text{moles}\)[/tex].
Now, let's use the mass of magnesium carbonate and the moles reacted to find the percentage:
[tex]\[ \text{mass of MgCO}_3 = 6.53 \, \text{g} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{percentage of MgCO}_3 = \frac{\text{mass of MgCO}_3}{\text{total mass of mixture}} \times 100\% \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{percentage of MgCO}_3 = \frac{6.53 \, \text{g}}{\text{total mass of mixture}} \times 100\% \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{percentage of MgCO}_3 = \frac{6.53 \, \text{g}}{6.53 \, \text{g}} \times 100\% \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{percentage of MgCO}_3 = 100\% \][/tex]
Therefore, the percentage by mass of magnesium carbonate in the mixture is [tex]\(100\%\)[/tex].
(a)The total number of moles of carbon dioxide that forms is [tex]\( 0.0691 \)[/tex] moles. (b) The percentage by mass of magnesium carbonate in the mixture is [tex]\( 30.9\% \)[/tex].
To solve this problem, we need to use the given data to find the total number of moles of carbon dioxide produced and then use stoichiometry to determine the percentage by mass of magnesium carbonate in the mixture.
Part (a): Calculate the total number of moles of carbon dioxide
First, we use the ideal gas law to find the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas produced. The ideal gas law is given by:
[tex]\[ PV = nRT \][/tex]
Where:
- P is the pressure in atmospheres (atm)
- V is the volume in liters (L)
- n is the number of moles
- R is the ideal gas constant [tex](0.0821 LatmK\(^{-1}\)mol\(^{-1}\))[/tex]
- T is the temperature in Kelvin (K)
We need to convert the given pressure from torr to atm and the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin.
[tex]\[ P = 745 \, \text{torr} \times \frac{1 \, \text{atm}}{760 \, \text{torr}} = 0.980 \, \text{atm} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ T = 26^\circ \text{C} + 273 = 299 \, \text{K} \][/tex]
Given [tex]\( V = 1.73 \, \text{L} \)[/tex], we can solve for n:
[tex]\[ n = \frac{PV}{RT} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n = \frac{(0.980 \, \text{atm})(1.73 \, \text{L})}{(0.0821 \, \text{LatmK}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1})(299 \, \text{K})} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n = \frac{1.6954 \, \text{atmL}}{24.5479 \, \text{LatmK}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n = 0.0691 \, \text{mol} \][/tex]
Part (b): Calculate the percentage by mass of magnesium carbonate in the mixture
The reactions are:
[tex]\[ \text{MgCO}_3 (s) + 2\text{HCl} (aq) \rightarrow \text{MgCl}_2 (aq) + \text{CO}_2 (g) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (l) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{CaCO}_3 (s) + 2\text{HCl} (aq) \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2 (aq) + \text{CO}_2 (g) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (l) \][/tex]
Both reactions produce [tex]\( \text{CO}_2 \)[/tex] gas in a 1:1 molar ratio with their respective carbonates.
Let x be the mass of [tex]\( \text{MgCO}_3 \)[/tex] and y be the mass of [tex]\( \text{CaCO}_3 \)[/tex]. We know:
[tex]\[ x + y = 6.53 \, \text{g} \][/tex]
The moles of [tex]\( \text{CO}_2 \)[/tex] produced from each carbonate are:
[tex]\[ \frac{x}{84.31} \, \text{mol} \, (\text{for} \, \text{MgCO}_3) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \frac{y}{100.09} \, \text{mol} \, (\text{for} \, \text{CaCO}_3) \][/tex]
The total moles of [tex]\( \text{CO}_2 \)[/tex] is the sum of the moles produced by each carbonate:
[tex]\[ \frac{x}{84.31} + \frac{y}{100.09} = 0.0691 \][/tex]
We have two equations:
1. [tex]\( x + y = 6.53 \)[/tex]
2. [tex]\( \frac{x}{84.31} + \frac{y}{100.09} = 0.0691 \)[/tex]
Solve these equations simultaneously. First, solve equation 1 for y:
[tex]\[ y = 6.53 - x \][/tex]
Substitute into equation 2:
[tex]\[ \frac{x}{84.31} + \frac{6.53 - x}{100.09} = 0.0691 \][/tex]
Multiply through by [tex]\( 84.31 \times 100.09 \)[/tex] to clear the denominators:
[tex]\[ 100.09x + 84.31(6.53 - x) = 0.0691 \times 84.31 \times 100.09 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 100.09x + 84.31 \times 6.53 - 84.31x = 582.5 \][/tex]
Combine like terms:
[tex]\[ 15.78x + 550.56 = 582.5 \][/tex]
Solve for [tex]\( x \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ 15.78x = 31.94 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ x = 2.02 \, \text{g} \][/tex]
Now, calculate [tex]\( y \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ y = 6.53 - 2.02 = 4.51 \, \text{g} \][/tex]
Finally, calculate the percentage by mass of magnesium carbonate in the mixture:
[tex]\[ \text{Percentage of MgCO}_3 = \left( \frac{2.02 \, \text{g}}{6.53 \, \text{g}} \right) \times 100\% \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Percentage of MgCO}_3 = 30.9\% \][/tex]
Activation energy is the amount of energy required to__________.
A. break the bonds between the reacting molecules.
B. convert the reactants into the activated complex.
C. make the reacting particles collide.
D. form the bonds between the product molecules
Answer:
Activation energy is the amount of energy required to convert the reactants into the activated complex (option B)
Explanation:
The activation energy is the minimum needed energy to make a reaction occurs. When the reaction occurs, the molecules of reactants joins together in a determined position, so when they bond all the molecules reactants, they make the activated complex. That's why we say, that the energy needed to make the molecules of reactants form the activated complex is finally the activation energy.
When the activated complex is formed, there is a few moment with all the molecules from reactants bonding together. By the end, they are separated so the products are been formed.
Activation energy is the amount of energy required to convert the reactants into the activated complex.
What is activated complex?
Activated complex is the specie which is obtain in the transition state of the chemical reaction, and in this complex partial bond of reactants as well as partial bond of products are present.
So, the minimum amount of energy required by the reactant molecules to reach the threshold point where this activated complex is formed, known as the activation energy. After that state complex will finally convert in the product.
Hence, option (B) is correct.
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What is a metabolic pathway? What is a metabolic pathway?
A) A process that results in mutations in genes.
B) A series of chemical reactions where enzymes work one at a time to convert a reactant into intermediates and the intermediates into a final product.
C) A series of steps that convert a precursor to arginine.
D) A series of steps only found in Neurospora crassa.
Answer:
B) A series of chemical reactions where enzymes work one at a time to convert a reactant into intermediates and the intermediates into a final product.
Explanation:
In our cells there are multiple chemical reactions happening all the time to convert the elements we ingest (food, water, air) into the products the organism needs.
This processes can be very complex and offen involves various reactions (steps). Also, many of this reactions need to by catalized by enzymes in order to happen.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A metabolic pathway is series of chemical reactions that are well organized, well co-ordinated, and purposeful manner; all these reactions are collectively called as metabolism.
Metabolic Pathways this is a series of biochemical reaction where enzymes work one at a time to convert a reactant into intermediates and the intermediates into a final product. The product of reactions serve as an a reactants for the next enzymatic reaction.
The reactants, intermediates, products of an enzymatic reaction are known as metabolites.
Types of Metabolic pathway
1. Catabolic
2. Anabolic
3. Amphibolic
A 250 ml flask contains 3.4 g of neon gas at 45°c. Calculate the pressure of the neon gas inside the flask.
Answer:
The answer to your question is P = 17.73 atm
Explanation:
V = 250 ml = 0.25 liters (L)
mass = 3.4 g
Temperature = 45°C = 45 + 273 = 318°K
Pressure = ?
R = 0.082 atm L / mol°K
Atomic mass Ne = 20.18 g
Process
1.- Calcule moles of Neon
20.18 g of Ne ------------------ 1 mol
3.4 g of Ne ------------------- x
x = (3.4 x 1)/20.18
x = 0.17 moles of Neon
2.- Find pressure
Ideal gases formula PV = nRT
[tex]P = \frac{nRT}{V}[/tex]
[tex]P = \frac{(0.17)(0.082)(318)}{0.25}[/tex]
[tex]P = \frac{4.433}{0.25}[/tex]
P = 17.73 atm
To calculate the pressure of the neon gas inside the flask, you can use the ideal gas law equation PV = nRT.
Explanation:To calculate the pressure of the neon gas, we can use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT. The given volume is 250 mL, which needs to be converted to liters (1 L = 1000 mL), so the volume is 0.25 L. The given temperature is 45°C, which needs to be converted to Kelvin by adding 273, so the temperature is 45 + 273 = 318 K. The given mass is 3.4 g, and we can use the molar mass of neon (20.18 g/mol) to convert grams to moles: 3.4 g / 20.18 g/mol = 0.1682 mol.
Now we can substitute the values into the ideal gas law equation:
P(0.25 L) = (0.1682 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(318 K)
Solving for P gives:
P = (0.1682 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(318 K) / 0.25 L = 7.22 atm
Therefore, the pressure of the neon gas inside the flask is 7.22 atm.
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For a gaseous reaction, standard conditions are 298 K and a partial pressure of 1 atm for all species. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) -----> 2NH(g).the standard change in Gibbs free energy is ΔG° = -32.8 kJ/mol. What is ΔG for this reaction at 298 K when the partial pressures are. Pn2= 0.1 atm, Ph2=.1 atm and P (NH3)=.6 atm. delta g=?
Answer:
Explanation:
It is possible to obtain ΔG of a reaction using:
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q
Where:
ΔG° is standard change in Gibbs free energy (-32,8 kJ/mol)
R is gas constant (8,314472x10⁻³ kJ/molK)
T is temperature (298 K)
And Q is reaction quotient. For the reaction:
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)
Q is: [NH₃]² /[H₂]³[N₂]
Replacing:
ΔG = -32,8kJ/mol + 8,314472x10⁻³ kJ/molK×298 K ln [0,6]² /[0,1]³[0,1]
ΔG = -12,5 kJ/mol
I hope it helps!
The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g) at 298 K with partial pressures Pn2= 0.1 atm, Ph2=.1 atm and PNH3=.6 atm, is about -29.6 kJ/mol.
Explanation:To calculate the Gibbs free energy change under nonstandard conditions, we should use the equation ΔG = ΔG° + RTlnQ, where ΔG° is the standard change in Gibbs free energy, R is the universal gas constant (in this case, 8.314 J/(mol·K)), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient.
Given that ΔG° = -32.8 kJ/mol, R = 8.314 J/(mol·K), and T = 298 K, we find the reaction quotient Q by substituting the partial pressures of the substances into the balanced chemical equation: Q = [NH3]² / ([N₂][H₂]³) = (0.6)² / ((0.1)(0.1)³) = 360.
Then, you substitute these values into the ΔG equation, making sure to convert ΔG° and the result of RTlnQ to the same units (either J or kJ): ΔG = ΔG° + RTlnQ = -32.8 kJ/mol + 8.314 J/(mol·K) x 298 K x ln(360), which gives ΔG = about -29.6 kJ/mol. The negative value indicates that the reaction is spontaneous under these conditions.
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Which of the following statements is true?
a. Processes are spontaneous because they occur at an observable rate.
b. Processes that are spontaneous in one direction are spontaneous in the opposite direction.
c. Spontaneity can depend on the temperature.
d. All of the statements are true.
Answer:C
Explanation:
A process is called spontaneous if the process takes place on its own without the intervention of external factors.
The spontaneous processes are generally quick with observable rates of reaction.But processes can be spontaneous even with negligible rates of reaction.
Spontaneity of reactions depend on temperature.
This is because spontaneity is measured by gibbs energy or enthalpy.
Both of these measures are dependent on temperature.
So,temperature affects spontaneity.
The coal with the highest energy available per unit burned is
Answer:
Anthracite
Explanation:
Anthracite variety of coal is the coal with the highest energy available per unit burned. Anthracite is hard, brittle, lustrous coal . They also often referred as hard coal. Anthracite has a high percentage of carbon and low percentage of volatile matter. Other varieties of coal are peat, lignite and bituminous.
In addition to intermolecular forces affecting liquid properties, they also influence gas properties but to a smaller degree. One property that is influenced for a gas is the pressure. Intermolecular forces make the molecules attracted to one another which will affect the pressure that they exert on the container walls. This is one of the reasons why not all real gases act "ideally" and why the ideal gas law is not 100% accurate. Consider that you have one rigid container filled with 1 mole of O2 gas and another rigid container filled with 1 mole of Cl2 gas, both of which have the same volume and temperature. Which gas is expected to have a higher pressure and why?
a. O2, because it has stronger intermolecular forces
b. O2, because it has weaker intermolecular forces
c. Cl2, because it has stronger intermolecular forces
d. Cl2, because it has weaker intermolecular forces
Answer:
b) O2, because it has weaker intermolecular forces
Explanation:
The preassure is produced by the collisions of the gas molecules with the walls of its container.
When the intermolecular forces between the gas molecules increase, those molecules start to "slow down" by effect of the interactions. The collisions decrease in frequency and intensity producing a smaller preassure in the container.
Both O2 and Cl2 are non-polar gases and the only intermolecular forces they have are the London ones. Given that the O2 molecules are smaller than the Cl2, the last ones attract each other with more strengh.
Being all that said, the container with the oxygen is expected to have a higher preassure.
Oxygen molecule exert a higer pressure because it has weaker intermolecular forces.
How pressure related to intermolecular force?The pressure is produced by the collisions of the gas molecules with the walls of its container. If the intermolecular forces between the gas molecules increase, those molecules start to slow down which leads to lowering of pressure on the wall of the container.
So we can conclude that decreasing intermolecular force, increase the pressure on the wall of the container.
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40.00 mL of 0.10 M KOH solution is titrated by 30.00 mL of 0.10 M HCl (adding HCl to KOH). What is the pH of the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask after the titration? Assume that the volumes of the solutions are additive.
The pH of the solution after the titration of 0.10M KOH solution with 0.10M HCl is 7. This is due to complete neutralization of the acid and base, leaving water which has a pH of 7 at 25 degrees Celsius.
Explanation:The question involves a titration process of KOH solution with HCl solution. KOH and HCl are a strong base and a strong acid respectively, and they react in stoichiometrically equal amounts. Since the molarities and amount of KOH and HCl are the same, it means all the KOH and HCl react completely, leaving no excess.
The result of the reaction is water (H2O) and a salt (KCl), and since KCl does not hydrolyze, the only contribution to the pH of the solution will be from the water itself. The pH of pure water is 7 at 25 degrees Celsius because it is neutral (neither acidic nor basic at this temperature).
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P-fluoroanisole reacts with sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. Draw the major product of this substitution reaction; if applicable
In the substitution reaction of P-fluoroanisole with sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid, the major product is P-fluoroanisole-sulfonic acid. This is an example of an Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution reaction.
Explanation:The question involves a reaction of P-fluoroanisole with sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. This is a substitution reaction that happens under the influence of a strong acid like sulfuric acid.
In this reaction, sulfur trioxide (SO3) reacts with P-fluoroanisole to replace a hydrogen atom with a sulfonic acid group (–SO3H), forming P-fluoroanisole-sulfonic acid as the major product of the reaction. This type of reaction is a part of a broader class of reactions known as Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution reactions.
However, it is important to note that drawing the resulting chemical structure requires knowledge of organic chemistry and its conventions. Given the complexity of this information, a written description may not fully capture the details, and it is recommended to refer to a textbook or online resource where visualizations of such substitutions are possible.
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What is the name of the hybrid orbitals used by chlorine in clf3?
Answer:
Sp^3d
Explanation:
Sp^3d hybridization invovles ther combination of 1s, 3p and 1d orbital to result in the production of sp3d orbital in which three lobes are oriented towards the corners of a triangle and the other lie perpendicular to them to minimize the repulsions. An important and relatively common type of this hybridization is found in Clf3.
In ClF3 (Chlorine Trifluoride), The central atom Cl needs three unpaired electrons to bond with three F-atoms. ClF3 consist of 3 bond-pairs and 2 lone-pairs. Here, one of the paired electrons of Cl in the 3p subshell remains as a lone pair or unpaired. During hybridisation, one 3s, three 3p and one of the 3d orbitals participate in the process which leads to the formation of five sp3d hybrid orbitals. Here two hybrid orbitals will contain a pair of electrons and three hybrids will contain unpaired electrons which will again overlap with the 2p orbital of F to form single bonds.
If a red blood cell is 100% saturated, how many molecules of O2 are bound to it?1 billion molecules of O24 molecules of O2250 million molecules of O2?
Answer:
1 billion molecules O₂
Explanation:
From my research, a human red blood cell contains approximately 270 million hemoglobin molecules.
A hemoglobin molecule contains four heme groups, each of which has an iron ion forming a coordination complex that carries every dioxygen molecule. Therefore for each hemoglobin molecule, we will have 4 dioxygen molecules. The heme groups are responsible for the transport of every dioxygen and other diatomic gases.
Hence, the number of O₂ molecules in a red blood cell saturated with 100% will be:
[tex] \frac{270 \cdot10^{6} hemoglobine molecules}{1 red blood cell} \cdot \frac{4 heme group}{1 hemoglobine molecule} \cdot \frac{1 O_{2} molecules}{1 heme group} = 1 \cdot 10^{9} O_{2} \frac{molecules}{red blood cell} [/tex]
So, the correct answer is 1 billion of O₂ molecules.
Have a nice day!
High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a method used in chemistry and biochemistry to purify chemical substances. The pressures used in this procedure range from around 500 kilopascals (500,000 Pa) to about 60,000 kPa (60,000,000 Pa). It is often convenient to know the pressure in torr. If an HPLC procedure is running at a pressure of 4.55×108 Pa , what is its running pressure in torr?
Answer:
3.41 x10⁶ torr
Explanation:
To solve this problem we need to remember the equivalency:
1 torr = 133.322 Pa
Then we can proceed to convert 4.55×10⁸ Pa into torr. To do that we just need to multiply that value by a fraction number, putting the unit that we want to convert from in the denominator, and the value we want to convert to in the numerator:
4.55x10⁸ Pa * [tex]\frac{1torr}{133.322Pa} =[/tex] 3.41 x10⁶ torr
Radioactive carbon-14 has a half life of 5730 years. Suppose a peice of wood has a decay rate of 15 disintegrations per minute. How many years would it take for the rate to decrease to 4 disintegrations per minute?
Final answer:
To determine the time taken for the decay rate to drop from 15 to 4 disintegrations per minute using a half-life of 5730 years, we calculate that it would take two half-lives, or 11460 years, for this reduction.
Explanation:
To calculate the time it would take for a piece of wood with an initial decay rate of 15 disintegrations per minute to decrease to 4 disintegrations per minute, we can use the concept of half-life, which for carbon-14 is 5730 years. By applying the decay constant and the exponential decay formula, we can find the time that corresponds to the rate of decay reaching 4 disintegrations per minute.
The relationship we use is N = N0e-λt, where N is the final number of disintegrations per minute, N0 is the initial number of disintegrations per minute, λ is the decay constant (which can be calculated using λ = 0.693 / 5730 years), and t is the time in years.
Using the concept of half-lives, we can determine that if after t years the disintegration rate is a quarter of its original rate (15 to 4 dpm), the wood must have gone through two half-lives, because each half-life reduces the rate of disintegration by half. Therefore, t would be equal to 2 × 5730 years = 11460 years.
An aqueous solution of 10.03 g of catalase, an enzyme found in the liver, has a volume of 1.05 L at 27°C. The solution's osmotic pressure at 27°C is found to be 0.745 torr. Calculate the molar mass of catalase._________ g/mol
Answer : The molar mass of catalase is, [tex]2.40\times 10^5g/mol[/tex]
Explanation :
Formula used :
[tex]\pi =CRT\\\\\pi=\frac{w}{M\times V}RT[/tex]
where,
[tex]\pi[/tex] = osmotic pressure = 0.745 torr = 0.000980 atm (1 atm = 760 torr)
C = concentration
R = solution constant = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K
T = temperature = [tex]27^oC=273+27=300K[/tex]
w = mass of catalase = 10.03 g
M = molar mass of catalase = ?
V = volume of solution = 1.05 L
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
[tex]0.000980atm=\frac{10.03g}{M\times 1.05L}\times (0.0821L.atm/mole.K)\times (300K)[/tex]
[tex]M=2.40\times 10^5g/mol[/tex]
Therefore, the molar mass of catalase is, [tex]2.40\times 10^5g/mol[/tex]
The molar mass of catalase is 326.99 g/mol.
Explanation:To calculate the molar mass of catalase, we can use the formula for osmotic pressure, II = MRT, where M is the molar concentration of the solution, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Rearranging the formula to solve for M, we get M = II / RT. Plugging in the given values, II = 0.745 torr, R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K, and T = 27°C = 300 K, we can solve for M. M = (0.745 torr) / (0.08206 L atm/mol K) / 300 K = 0.0306 mol/L. Since the solution has a volume of 1.05 L and contains 10.03 g of catalase, we can use the formula M = mass / (volume * molar mass) to solve for the molar mass. Rearranging the formula to solve for molar mass, we get molar mass = mass / (volume * M). Plugging in the given values, molar mass = 10.03 g / (1.05 L * 0.0306 mol/L) = 326.99 g/mol.
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Which element has n=4 and has three electrons in its valence p orbital?
A) As B) Se C) Br D) Kr E) Sc
Answer:
E) Scandium (Sc)
Hope this helps!
Here 'n' represents the principal quantum number. The element which has n=4 and has three electrons in its valence p orbital is scandium (Sc). The electronic configuration of 'Sc' is [Ar] 3d¹ 4s². The correct option is E.
What is principal quantum number?The quantum number which represents the main energy level or shell in which the electron is present. It also determines the average distance of the orbital or electron from the nucleus. It is denoted by letter 'n' and can have any whole number values like 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. These values represent different energy levels.
The atomic number of the element scandium is 21 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d¹ 4s². The total number of valence electrons present here is 3 and the energy level is 4.
The element scandium is a transition element and it has the highest melting point and low density.
Thus the correct option is E.
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Which pair of compounds are both products of photosynthesis?
Answer: Glucose and oxygen
Explanation:
The basic products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants produce there own food from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) and in the presence of energy from the sun to produce glucose(food) and oxygen
After series of reaction, the overall equation for photosynthesis is
6CO2 + 6H20 + (sunlight ) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water + energy from sunlight to produces glucose and oxygen.
Answer is glucose and oxygen
The mole fraction of CO2 in a certain solution with H2O as the solvent is 3.6 × 10−4. What is the approximate molality of CO2 in this solution? A.0.00036 m.B.0.0065 m.C.0.020 m.D.2.0 × 10−5 m.E.6.5 m
Answer: C) 0.020 m
Explanation:
Molality of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per kg of the solvent.
[tex]Molality=\frac{n\times 1000}{W_s}[/tex]
where,
n = moles of solute
[tex]W_s[/tex] = weight of solvent in g
Mole fraction of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is = [tex]3.6\times 10^{-4}[/tex] i.e.[tex]3.6\times 10^{-4}[/tex] moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is present in 1 mole of solution.
Moles of solute [tex](CO_2)[/tex] = [tex]3.6\times 10^{-4}[/tex]
moles of solvent (water) = 1 - [tex]3.6\times 10^{-4}[/tex] = 0.99
weight of solvent =[tex]moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=0.99\times 18=17.82g[/tex]
Molality =[tex]\frac{3.6\times 10^{-4}\times 1000}{17.82g}=0.020[/tex]
Thus approximate molality of [tex]CO_2[/tex] in this solution is 0.020 m