Water is a polar molecule, meaning it carries partial charges (δ or δ–) on opposite sides of the molecule. for two formula units of kbr, drag two potassium ions and two bromide ions to where they would most likely appear based on the grouping of the water molecules in the area provided.
[tex]{{\mathbf{K}}^{\mathbf{+}}}[/tex] will be dragged towards the side of [tex]{\mathbf{O}}{{\mathbf{H}}^{\mathbf{-}}}[/tex] while [tex]{\mathbf{B}}{{\mathbf{r}}^{\mathbf{-}}}[/tex] will be dragged towards the side of [tex]{{\mathbf{H}}^{\mathbf{+}}}[/tex]. (Refer to the attached image)
Further explanation:
Electronegativity:
It is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared electrons in the bond towards itself is known as electronegativity. The more electronegative atom will more attract the bonding electrons towards itself than the less electronegative one. Therefore the electrons will spend more time with the more electronegative atom than an electropositive atom. The electronegative atom will acquire the partial negative charge, and the electropositive atom will acquire a partial positive charge.
The polarity of the bond can be estimated by the electronegativity difference [tex]\left({\Delta {\text{EN}}}\right)[/tex]. [tex]\Delta{\text{EN}}[/tex]is the electronegativity difference between the two atoms that are bonded to each other. The formula to calculate [tex]\Delta{\text{EN}}[/tex]in XY bond is as follows:
[tex]{\mathbf{\Delta EN=}}\left({{\mathbf{electronegativity of Y}}} \right){\mathbf{-}}\left({{\mathbf{electronegativity of X}}}\right)[/tex]
Here, X is the electropositive atom and Y is the electronegative atom.
Higher the electronegativity difference between the two atoms, more will be the polarity of the bond and vice-versa.
Water is a polar molecule. Hydrogen atom acquires partial positive charge while oxygen atom is partially negatively charged. So the end of the water molecule with hydrogen is positively charged, and that with oxygen is negatively charged.
In the case of a potassium-bromine bond, bromine is more electronegative than potassium. So the electrons will be more attracted towards bromine due to which it develops a partial negative charge. Potassium, being less electronegative than bromine, in turn, acquires a partial positive charge. This separation of charge results in the formation of a polar bond between potassium and bromine.
So [tex]{{\text{K}}^+}[/tex] will be dragged towards the side of [tex]{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^-}[/tex] while [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^-}[/tex] will be dragged towards the side of [tex]{{\text{H}}^+}[/tex].
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Covalent bonding and molecular structure
Keywords: electronegativity difference, electropositive, electronegative, electrons, polar, KBr, K, Br, K+, Br-, H+, OH-, potassium, bromine, hydrogen, oxygen.
How many grams nano3 add to 500g of h20 prepare solution .5 molal nano3?
What mass of potassium hydroxide is formed when 8.2 g of potassium oxide is added to 1.3 g of water? answer key?
In a molecule of methane (ch4), what type of bond joins the carbon atom to each of the hydrogen atoms?
In an experiment, you combine 83.77 g of iron with an excess of sulfur and then heat the mixture to obtain iron(III) sulfide. 2Fe(s) + 3S(s) → Fe2S3(s) What is the theoretical yield, in grams, of iron(III) sulfide?
The theoretical yield of iron (II) sulfide would be 155.92 g
Theoretical yieldIt is the total stoichiometric product from a reaction.
From the equation of the reaction:
2Fe(s) + 3S(s) → Fe2S3(s)
The mole ratio of Fe to Fe2S3 is 2:1
Mole of 83.77 g Fe = 83.77/55.85
= 1.4999 moles
Equivalent mole of Fe2S3 = 1.4999/2
= 0.75 moles
Mass of 0.75 mole Fe2S3 = 0.75 x 207.9
= 155.92 g
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moves river of ice fresh water made of fallen snow snow compressed to ice This is a list of features of a(n) A) glacier. B) ice age. C) iceberg. D) continent.
The answer is A. Glacier
Approximately how many moles of boron make up 1.20 × 10^24 atoms of boron?
A. 7.22 × 10^47 moles
B. 6.02 × 10^23 moles
C. 5.00 moles
D. 1.99 moles
Consider the reaction a + b c +
d. at biochemical equilibrium (25°c, ph of 7), the concentration of a is 0.2 m, the concentration of b is 0.2 m, the concentration of c is 0.8 m, and the concentration of d is 0.8 m. calculate δg and δg° ′ under these conditions.
Which is more stable hydroxyl isopropyl or benzhydrol radical?
The benzhydrol radical is more stable than the hydroxyl isopropyl radical because it can delocalize its unpaired electron through resonance across the aromatic ring, while the hydroxyl isopropyl radical lacks such extensive resonance stabilization.
When considering the stability of hydroxyl isopropyl and benzhydrol radicals, it's important to look at resonance stabilization. Radicals that can delocalize their unpaired electron through resonance are generally more stable. In the case of a benzhydrol radical, also known as a benzylic radical, there is significant stabilization due to the possibility of multiple resonance structures. This is because the unpaired electron in the benzhydrol radical can be delocalized through the aromatic ring's system of conjugated pi bonds.
On the other hand, the hydroxyl isopropyl radical, which is an alkyl radical, lacks the extended conjugated system that allows for such delocalization. While it may have some hyperconjugative stabilization, it does not benefit from the extensive resonance stabilization that the benzhydrol radical enjoys. As such, the benzhydrol radical is more stable than the hydroxyl isopropyl radical due to the resonance effects and the subsequent delocalization of the unpaired electron across the aromatic ring.
Write the chemical reaction that is responsible for the ph of a buffer which contains nh3 and nh4cl. write the reaction in such a way that is appropriate for a ka.
The pH of a buffer containing NH3 and NH4Cl is determined by the equilibrium between NH4+ and NH3 in water, with the reaction NH4+ (aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+ (aq) + NH3(aq). The reaction demonstrates the action of the ammonium ion as a weak acid, and its Ka is calculated using the Ka = Kw/Kb relationship. The chloride ion does not undergo significant hydrolysis, so it does not affect the pH of the buffer.
Explanation:The chemical reaction responsible for the pH of a buffer containing NH3 (ammonia) and NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) involves the equilibrium between NH4+ and NH3 in water:
NH4+ (aq) + H2O(l) ⇒ H3O+ (aq) + NH3(aq)
This represents the dissociation of the ammonium ion, which is a weak acid, in water to produce hydronium ions (H3O+) and ammonia. Since ammonia is a weak base, the corresponding acid dissociation constant (Ka) can be calculated using the relation Ka = Kw/Kb, where Kw is the ion product of water and Kb is the base dissociation constant of ammonia.
The chloride ion, being the conjugate base of the strong acid hydrochloric acid (HCl), does not undergo significant hydrolysis in water:
Cl-(aq) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) + OH−(aq)
Since HCl is a strong acid, the equilibrium constant (Ka) for its conjugate base, Cl-, is essentially zero, which means Cl- does not affect the buffer solution's pH appreciably.
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Scientists often investigate alternative explanations for the data and observations presented, even once a hypothesis has been tested and supported through an experiment. This investigation of alternative explanations ...
Answer:
Strengthens the evidence and support for a scientific theory.
Explanation:
Hello,
Scientific method provides a compelling tool scientists use to both develop and demonstrate new theories. As it involves both the observation and experimentation towards a specific subject of matter, it turns out convenient to consider alternative explanations substantiating such subject of matter in light of obtaining a more precise explanation for it. In such a way, this investigation of alternative explanations strengthens the evidence and support for a scientific theory.
Best regards.
What is the acid-base equilibrium reaction between ClO– and H2O.
Explain why c6h5ch2ch2br is not formed during the radical bromination of c6h5ch2ch3. select the single best answer.
Final answer:
C6H5CH2CH2Br is not formed during the radical bromination of C6H5CH2CH3 because the intermediate benzyl radical, formed at the carbon adjacent to the aromatic ring, is much more stable than the primary radical needed for the other product. Selectivity is due to bromine's preference for stable radicals, supported by Hammond's postulate.
Explanation:
The reason why C6H5CH2CH2Br is not formed during the radical bromination of C6H5CH2CH3 involves the relative stability of the radical intermediate. Radical bromination tends to occur at the position that forms the most stable radical, which for a benzyl compound is the carbon atom directly adjacent to the aromatic ring. The radical formed at this position, a benzyl radical, is highly stabilized by resonance. In contrast, the radical that would be required to form C6H5CH2CH2Br is a primary radical, which is less stable and thus less likely to form. This selectivity is due to the fact that bromine radicals are relatively selective and prefer to abstract hydrogen atoms from positions that lead to more stable radical intermediates. Moreover, Hammond's postulate suggests that since the radical formation with bromine is endothermic, the transition state will more closely resemble the stable radical intermediate, leading to more selective radical formation.
Write and balance the chemical equation for the reaction between carbon monoxide, co(g), and oxygen to form carbon dioxide, co2(g). use only integers (not fractions) and be sure to include the states of matter.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O₂) to form carbon dioxide (CO₂) is 2 CO(g) + O₂(g) → 2 CO₂(g), adhering to the law of conservation of mass.
Explanation:The reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O₂) to form carbon dioxide (CO₂) can be represented by the following balanced chemical equation:
2 CO(g) + O₂(g) → 2 CO₂(g)
In balancing this equation, it is important to ensure that the number of each type of atom on the reactants side is equal to the number on the products side. Here, we have two carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms from the CO molecules and two oxygen atoms from the O₂ molecule, giving us a total of four oxygen atoms on the reactants side, which balance with the four oxygen atoms in the two CO₂ molecules on the right side of the equation.
This reaction demonstrates the law of conservation of mass, where the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products. In this case, the coefficients used are the smallest possible whole numbers that maintain this balance.
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What is the smallest particle of an element that still retains all the properties of the element? a compound a mineral an atom an isotope
The basic building block of chemistry is known as the atom. The smallest particle of an element that still retains all the properties of the element is known as the atom. The correct option is C.
What is an atom?The atom can be considered as the basic building blocks of matter which possess the properties of the chemical element. An atom don't exist independently, instead they form ions and molecules which in turn combine in large numbers to form matter.
An atom is an indivisible particle and it contains the sub-atomic particles like protons, electrons and neutrons. The positively charged particles are called protons, the negatively charged particles are called electrons. The neutrons are chargeless particles.
All atoms of the same element are identical but different elements have different types of atoms. The chemical reactions occur when the atoms are rearranged.
Thus the correct option is C.
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The reaction of 0.779 g K with O2 forms 1.417 g potassium superoxide, a substance used in self-contained breathing devices. Determine the formula for potassium superoxide.
Final answer:
The correct formula for potassium superoxide formed when 0.779 g of potassium reacts with an excess of oxygen to form 1.417 g of the compound is[tex]KO_{2}[/tex]
Explanation:
The formula for potassium superoxide can be determined by considering the mass of potassium reacted and the mass of the resultant compound formed. In this case, 0.779 grams of potassium reacts with oxygen to form 1.417 grams of potassium superoxide. Knowing that the potassium has fully reacted and become part of the potassium superoxide, we can deduce that the difference in mass (1.417 g - 0.779 g = 0.638 g) must be due to the oxygen present in the compound.
The simplest ratio between potassium (K) and oxygen (O) that could form a compound would be a 1:1 ratio, which gives us KO. However, based on the provided information, potassium superoxide has a different stoichiometry where 1 mol of potassium reacts with oxygen to form a compound with the formula [tex]KO_{2}[/tex], which is a superoxide. This means there are two oxygen atoms for every potassium atom in the compound.
Therefore, the correct formula for potassium superoxide, as formed in the reaction with an excess of oxygen, is [tex]KO_{2}[/tex].
How many neutrons are found in Cr-54
Answer:
30
Explanation:
To find out the neutron number of an element we must first know what the mass value of that element is and the value of the atom number of that element. To find out these values, just look for the element in the periodic table. Once discovered simply subtract the values using the formula:
No. of neutrons = mass - atom number.
In the case of Cr, the mass is 54, while the atom number is 24. So we can find the number of neutrons.
Cr Neutrons = 54-24 = 30
Match the each term with its definition. 1) reaction coordinate a) the higher point on the energy curve 2) δg° b) the plot of the reaction progress as a function of time 3) δg‡ c) the free energy of the reaction
Draw the acetal produced when ethanol adds to ethanal.
Explanation:
Acetals are geminal diethers derivatives of aldehyde formed by the addition to equivalent molecules of an alcohol and removal of water.
When ethanol is added to the ethanal in acidic medium:
Ethanal + Ethanol → Hemiacetal
Hemiacetal + Ethanol → Acetal
Acetal produced when ethanol is added to ethanal are given in the image attached.
Minerals form from bodies of water by the process of _____. precipitation melting cooling condensation
Minerals form from water bodies by the process of [tex]\boxed{{\text{precipitation}}}[/tex].
Further Explanation:
The formation of minerals takes place in several ways. The mineral formation depends on the physical and chemical conditions. These conditions include temperature, pressure, pH, and time.
Precipitation
It is a process by which the dissolved minerals get free from water and as a result deposits are formed. It occurs when dissolved substances come out of water. Minerals form when precipitation takes place in aqueous solutions and from gaseous emissions as in case of volcanic eruptions.
Melting
The process that results in the conversion of any substance from a solid state to the liquid state is known as melting. Another term for this process is fusion.
Cooling
The process of removal of heat by lowering the temperature of any substance is known as cooling.
Condensation
This phase transition occurs when a substance is converted from its gaseous state to the liquid state. Variations in temperature and pressure are done in order to achieve this phase change.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Chapter: Phase transition
Subject: Chemistry
Keywords: minerals, precipitation, cooling, melting, condensation, pH, temperature, time, pressure, substance, phase transition, gaseous state, liquid state, heat, dissolved minerals, water bodies.
What products are formed from monochlorination of (2r)−2−bromobutane at c1 and c4? draw the products using skeletal structures?
For a particular first-order reaction, it takes 3.0 minutes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to 25% of its initial value. what is the value for rate constant (in s-1) for the reaction?
For a first-order reaction, the rate constant can be determined using the concentration of the reactant at a given time. In this case, the rate constant is 0.25 s^-1.
Explanation:A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. The rate law expression for a first-order reaction is given by rate = k[A], where [A] is the concentration of the reactant and k is the rate constant.
In this case, the concentration of the reactant decreases to 25% of its initial value in 3.0 minutes. We can use this information to determine the rate constant (k).
25% of the initial concentration corresponds to 0.25 times the initial concentration, so the concentration at that time is 0.25[A]. We can substitute this value into the rate law expression and solve for k:
0.25[A] = k[A]
0.25 = k
Therefore, the value for the rate constant (k) for the reaction is 0.25 s-1.
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To find the rate constant (k) for a first-order reaction, we can use the half-life formula. The given information states that it takes 3.0 minutes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to 25% of its initial value. By substituting these values into the equation, we can find the rate constant.
Explanation:To determine the rate constant (k) for the first-order reaction, we can use the formula for the half-life of a first-order reaction. The half-life is the amount of time it takes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to half of its initial value. In this case, it takes 3.0 minutes for the concentration to decrease to 25% of its initial value, which is equivalent to one half-life.
The formula for the first-order half-life is: t1/2 = ln(2)/k
Since the concentration decreases to 25% of its initial value after one half-life, we can use this information to solve for k:
25% = (1/2) * 100% = e-kt1/2
ln(1/2) = -k * t1/2
k = -ln(1/2) / t1/2
Substituting the given values, we have:
k = -ln(1/2) / 3.0 minutes
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Which of the following is a part of a land based carbon cycle ?coral reefs
Crab shells
Trees
Whales
Answer:
c
Explanation:
You are given a crushed sample that is a mixture of limestone (caco3), lime (cao), and sand. the calcium carbonate, limestone, is the only material present in the material that will decompose when heated. you subject a 6.4734 g sample of the mixture to strong heating and after the sample reaches a constant mass (no more mass is lost with additional heating), the sample has a final weight of 4.3385 g. what is the percentage of calcium carbonate present in the original mixture? (f.wt. caco3 = 100.1)
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Which of the following is a large body in space that orbits a star and does not produce its own light?
Moon
Planet
Sun
Universe
dentify the molecule with the highest boiling point.
CHCl3
OF2
NH3
C6H6
Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A molecule which has hydrogen bonding will have the highest boiling point. So, out of the given options only [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will have hydrogen bonding.
Whereas in [tex]CHCl_{3}[/tex] there will be dipole-dipole interactions and no hydrogen bonding within the molecule.
In [tex]OF_{2}[/tex] and [tex]C_{6}H_{6}[/tex], there will be dipole-dipole interaction in both the molecules.
Thus, we can conclude that [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will have the highest boiling point.
Hexanal would be soluble in water? True or false?
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
Hexanal is a non-polar compound while water is a polar solvent.
We have the role "Like dissolves like".
So, hexanal is insoluble in water.
H2+I2= 2HI+3 kcal Based on the reaction given above, as the temperature decreases, the formation of the reactants will: A. decrease B. increase C. remained consistent D. indeterminate
the answer is A: decrease
If a propane heater burns 38.95 g C3H8, it consumes 38.95 mol C3H8. 0.8830 mol C3H8. 1 mol C3H8. 44.10 mol C3H8.
Answer:
Option-2 (0.8830 mol C₃H₈) is the correct answer.
Solution:
In statement we are given with the amount of propane gas and are asked to find out the moles for given mass.
As we know mass is related to moles as follow,
Moles = Mass / M.mass ----- (1)
Data Given:
Moles = ??
Mass = 38.95 g
M.mass = (C)3 + (H)8 = (12)3 + (1)8 = 36 + 8 = 44 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1,
Moles = 38.95 g / 44 g/mol
Moles = 0.8854 Moles
If kc = 7.04 × 10-2 for the reaction: 2 hbr(g) ⇌h2(g) + br2(g), what is the value of kc for the reaction: 1/2 h2(g) + 1/2 br2 ⇌hbr(g)
The value of Kc for the second reaction is mathematically given as
Kc' = 3.769
What isthe value of Kc for the second reaction?
Question Parameters:
kc = 7.04 × 10-2 for the reaction
2 hbr(g) ⇌h2(g) + br2(g)
1/2 h2(g) + 1/2 br2 ⇌hbr(g)
Generally, the equation for the reaction is mathematically given as
2HBr(g) ⇄ H2(g) + Br2(g)
Therefore
Kc = [H2] [Br2] / [HBr]^2
7.04X10^-2 = [H2][Br] / [HBr]^2
Upon final reaction
Kc' = [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br2]^1/2
Hence
[tex]\sqrt{(1/7.04X10^-2)}= [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br]^1/2}\\\\Kc' = \sqrt{(1/7.04X10^-2)[/tex]
Kc' = 3.769
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