Chemistry help please

The mineral composition of a rock determines its properties.

The mineral composition of a rock determines its properties. Rocks are made up of different combinations of minerals or sometimes just one mineral. For example, a rock called granite is made up of a combination of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica. The mineral composition of a rock can be observed and analyzed to understand its characteristics.

molar concentration = number of moles / volume  

number of moles = molar concentration × volume

Number of moles of HCl = 0.25 × 45 = 11.25 mmoles

From the reaction:

11.25 mmoles of HCl will neutralize 11.25 mmoles of NH₃

Molar concentration of NH₃ solution = 11.25 / 25 = 0.45 M

Answer:

The balanced chemical equation is

[tex]1HCl+1NH_3>1NH_4 Cl[/tex]

The conversions are  

Molarity of HCl and volume gives us moles HCl

Moles HCl to moles [tex]NH_3[/tex] (using mole ratio 1 : 1)

Moles [tex]NH_3[/tex] to Molarity [tex]NH_3[/tex]

Molarity  HCl = (moles solute HCl) / (volume of solution in L)

Rearranging the formula

We get moles HCl = Molarity × volume

[tex]=0.25M \times 45.0mL = 0.25 mol/L \times 0.045L = 0.01125 mol HCl[/tex]

moles HCl = moles [tex]NH_3[/tex] = 0.01125 mol [tex]NH_3[/tex]

Molarity  [tex]NH_3[/tex] =(moles solute [tex]NH_3[/tex]) / (volume of solution in L)

[tex]=\frac {(0.01125 mol )}{25.0mL} = \frac {(0.01125 mol )}{0.025L}[/tex]

=0.450 mol/L or M (Answer)

(i) We start by calculating the mass of sugar in the solution:

mass of sugar = concentration × solution mass

mass of sugar = 2.5/100 × 500 = 12.5 g  

Then now we can calculate the amount of water:

solution mass = mass of sugar + mass of water

mass of water =  solution mass - mass of sugar

mass of water = 500 - 12.5 = 487.5 g

(ii) We use the following reasoning:

If       500 g solution contains 12.5 g sugar

Then    X g solution contains 75 g sugar

X=(500×75)/12.5 = 3000 g solution

Now to get the amount of solution in liters we use density (we assume that is equal to 1):

Density = mass / volume

Volume = mass / density

Volume = 3000 / 1 = 3000 liters of sugar solution

To prepare 500g of a 2.5% sugar solution, 487.5g of water is required. To get 75g of sugar from the solution, 3 liters of the solution are needed.

In a 2.5% solution of sugar, 2.5g of sugar are present in 100g of solution. To prepare a 500g solution, you need to calculate the amount of water to be added to the given weight of sugar. We start by deducing that a 500g sugar solution requires 12.5g of sugar (since 2.5% of 500g equals 12.5g). Therefore, the amount of water needed is 487.5g (by deducting 12.5g of sugar from 500g of solution).

For the second part of your question, if we want to get 75g of sugar and we know we get 2.5g of sugar from 100g of solution, we can deduce that it will take 3000g (or 3 litres) of the (Mass/volume) sugar solution to get 75g of sugar (since 75 divided by 2.5 equals 30, so 30 times 100 equals 3000).

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Answer: A single oxygen atom is gaining 2 electrons in the given reaction.

Explanation:

Oxidation reaction is defined as the chemical reaction in which an atom looses its electrons. The oxidation number of the atom gets increased during this reaction.

[tex]X\rightarrow X^{n+}+ne^-[/tex]

Reduction reaction is defined as the chemical reaction in which an atom gains electrons. The oxidation number of the atom gets reduced during this reaction.

[tex]X^{n+}+ne^-\rightarrow X[/tex]

For the given chemical reaction:

[tex]H_2+\frac{1}{2}O_2\rightarrow H_2O[/tex]

The half cell reactions for the above reaction follows:

Oxidation half reaction:  [tex]H_2\rightarrow 2H^{+}+2e^-[/tex]

Reduction half reaction:  [tex]\frac{1}{2}O_2+2e^-\rightarrow O^{2-}[/tex]

As, hydrogen is loosing 2 electrons to form hydrogen cation. Thus, it is getting oxidized. Oxygen is gaining 2 electrons to form oxygen anion. Thus, it is getting reduced.

Hence, a single oxygen atom is gaining 2 electrons in the given reaction.

In the reaction [tex]H_2 + O_2 - H_2O,[/tex] oxygen (O2) gains two electrons.

Oxidation reaction is described as the chemical reaction in which an atom looses its electrons and we see that the oxidation number of the atom gets increased during this reaction.

we need to consider the oxidation states of the elements involved in order to determine the electron gain or loss,

In its elemental form , oxygen is in a neutral state with an oxidation state of 0. However, in the water molecule , oxygen has an oxidation state of -2.

In conclusion, since oxygen gains two electrons to achieve an oxidation state of -2 in the water molecule, we can say that oxygen gains two electrons in the reaction.

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Answer:

We will use the combined gas equation.

The final volume V₂=931.74 mL

Explanation:

The combined gas equation shows the interrelationship between the volume, the pressure and the absolute temperature of a fixed mass of an ideal gas,

P₁V₁/T₁=P₂V₂/T₂

Because we are looking for the volume after the initial conditions havre been varied, we will call this volume, volume 2 ( V₂)

Let us make it the subject of the equation.

V₂=(P₁V₁T₂)T₁P₂

P₁=1.50 ATM

P₂=1.20 ATM

V₁=800 mL

V₂=?

T₁=(20+273)K=293 K

T₂=0+273 K=273 K

V₂=(1.50 ×800×273)/(293×1.2)

V₂=931.74 mL

Answer:

Explanation:A sample of N2 gas occupying 800.0 mL at 20.0°C is chilled on ice to 0.00°C. If the pressure also drops from 1.50 atm to

1.20 atm, what is the final volume of the gas?

Which equation should you use

Hey there!:

V1 = 3.05 L

V2 = 3.00 L

P1 = 724 mmHg

P2 = to be calculated

T1 = 298 K

T2 = 273 K

Therefore:

P1*V1  / T1  = P2*V2 / T2

P2 = ( P1*V1 / T1  )   * T2 / V2

P2 = 724 * 3.05 * 273 / 298 * 3.00

P2 = 602838.6 / 894

P2 = 674.31 mmHg

1 atm ----------- 760 mmHg

atm ------------- 674.31 mHg

= 674.31 * 1 / 760

= 0.887 atm

Hope this helps!

Final answer:

The final pressure of the gas after being compressed and temperature changed is calculated using the combined gas law. By converting the initial pressure from mm Hg to atm and plugging the values into the equation, we find that the final pressure of the gas is approximately 0.885 atm.

Explanation:

To calculate the final pressure of the gas after it has been compressed and its temperature changed, we can use the combined gas law, which is derived from the ideal gas law and expressed as: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2, where P represents pressure, V represents volume, and T represents absolute temperature (in Kelvin). Because pressure is initially given in mm Hg, we need to convert it to atmospheres (atm) by using the conversion factor that 1 atm = 760 mm Hg. Now, we have:

First, convert P1 to atm:

P1 = 724 mm Hg * (1 atm / 760 mm Hg) = 0.953 atm

Now, apply the combined gas law and solve for P2:

P2 = (P1V1T2) / (V2T1) = (0.953 atm * 3.05 L * 273 K) / (3.00 L * 298 K)

Calculating this, we get:

P2 ≈ (0.953 * 3.05 * 273) / (3.00 * 298) atm ≈ 0.885 atm

Answer:

*Engineers can design better bridges because they know how metal changes shape.

*Scientists can easily classify mixtures of unknown substances.

Explanation:

Tensile strength and the properties of mixtures are physical properties because the substances are not changed into different ones.

A. and C. are wrong. Combustion and other reactions are chemical properties because the substances are changed into different ones

Answer: *Scientists can easily classify mixtures of unknown substances.

*Engineers can design better bridges because they know how metal changes shape.

*Engineers can design safer structures because they understand the flammability of building materials.

Explanation:

Physical properties of the material can be define as the properties which can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the material. These properties includes texture, odor, color, boiling point, density, polarity, solubility, melting point, and others.

*Scientists can easily classify mixtures of unknown substances. : The mixtures of the metals can be separated by their physical properties such as color, shape and size of the metal particles.

*Engineers can design better bridges because they know how metal changes shape.: The change in shape is a physical property, understanding this property can help the engineers to design the bridges better.

*Engineers can design safer structures because they understand the flammability of building materials. :

Flammability is indicating towards the melting point of the building materials. Thus engineers must design the materials which is safe from flammability and must have a high melting point.  

A reduction in a chemical reaction involves the gain of electrons by a reactant. The equation describing a reduction typically follows the format:

Reductant + e⁻ → Product of Reduction

In this equation, the reductant (the species being reduced) gains electrons (e⁻) and undergoes a reduction reaction, resulting in the formation of a product. The reduction process leads to a decrease in the oxidation state of the reductant as it becomes more negatively charged or less positively charged. It is a fundamental concept in redox reactions and plays a crucial role in various chemical and biological processes.

Reductant + e⁻ → Product of Reduction

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The unit conversion is a fundamental process that enables accurate and coherent communication and computation across various fields and applications.

Unit conversion maintains a quantity's value in different units, crucial for consistency and clarity.

It enables comparisons between measurements using diverse units.

Facilitates communication across different measurement systems.

Ensures meaningful and applicable calculation results in various contexts.

For instance, converting grams to ounces allows accurate measurement in recipes using different units.

[tex]\[ 500 \text{ grams} \times 0.035 \frac{\text{ounces}}{\text{gram}} = 17.5 \text{ ounces} \][/tex]

For the recipe, 17.5 ounces of flour are needed for precise measurement.

In scientific research, unit conversion is vital for standardizing data presentation.

International trade relies on unit conversion to ensure consistent pricing across different measurement systems.

Overall, unit conversion is fundamental for accurate communication and computation in diverse fields and applications.

Answer:

=759.95 grams.

Explanation:

The molar mass of chromium is 51.9961 g/mol

Therefore the number of moles of chromium in 156 grams is:

Number of moles =mass/RAM

=156g/51.9961g/mol

=3 moles.

From the equation provided, 3 moles of chromium metal produce 2 moles of Chromium oxide.

Therefore 3 moles of chromium produce:

(3×2)/4 moles =1.5 moles of chromium oxide.

I mole of chromium oxide has a mass of 151.99 g

Thus 1.5 moles= 1.5mole ×151.99 g/mol

=759.95 grams.

Final answer:

Strong and weak acids can both conduct electricity as they act as electrolytes. The difference lies in their ionization levels, determining their strength as electrolytes and affecting conductivity.

Explanation:

What strong and weak acids have in common is their ability to conduct electrical current because they contain dissolved ions in aqueous solutions. Both types of acids are characterized as electrolytes, but they differ in the degree of their electrolytic properties. Strong acids are strong electrolytes and ionize completely in water, resulting in high conductivity. In contrast, weak acids do not ionize completely, existing primarily in a non-ionized form, which makes them weak electrolytes with lower conductivity. To summarize, both strong and weak acids can conduct electricity but differ in their ionization and resulting conductivity levels. Therefore, the answer is 'A. Electrical current conduction.'

The correct answer is Chemical energy changes to mechanical energy. Chemical energy in the battery powers the mechanical fan. ON USA TEST PREP!!!!!

Answer:

The correct answer is Chemical energy changes to mechanical energy. Chemical energy in the battery powers the mechanical fan.

Explanation:

USA-TestPrep

Answer:

XY → X + Y general reaction represents a decomposition reaction where a molecule is “broken” in two separate molecules

Explanation:

In a double-displacement reaction two molecules will exchange atoms or group of atoms, and it should look like this:

XY + AB →  XA + YB

In a combustion reaction molecules are reacting with oxygen generating oxides.  

XY + O[tex]_{2}[/tex] → XO + YO

In a single-displacement reaction an atom or a group of atoms in a molecule are replaced by other atoms, and it should look like this:

XY + A → XA + Y

The equation represents a Decomposition reaction, where a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or compounds.

The general equation XY → X+Y represents a type of chemical reaction known as a Decomposition reaction. A Decomposition reaction is a type of reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds. This reaction is the exact opposite of a synthesis, or combination, reaction. It typically occurs when a compound is heated or subjected to an electric current. In the given equation XY → X+Y, a compound 'XY' is decomposing into its constituent elements 'X' and 'Y'.

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Answer:

The molecular shape Octahedral is the answer of this question

Answer:  Octahedral Geometry

Explanation:  There are two types of pairs of electrons which helps to define a geometry of the molecule. These are bonding pairs and non bonding pairs of electrons. The latter is also known as Lone pair of electrons.

Thus when a central atom is surrounded by 4 bonding pairs of electrons , it will result in tetrahedral geometry.

And when six bonding pairs of electrons are around the central atom then a Octahedral Geometry will be the resultant structure as shown in the diagram.

Answer:

1.26 x 10²³atoms

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Number of moles = 1mol

Unknown:

Number of atoms of sulfur = ?

Solution

From the given parameters, we can find the number of moles of sulfur in the given compound FeSO₄.

We use the formula mass of atoms to find the number of moles:

    Atomic number of Fe = 56g

                                     S = 32g

                                     O = 16g

Formula mass = 56 + 32 + 4(16) = 152

  Number of moles of sulfur = [tex]\frac{32}{152}[/tex] x 1

                                              = 0.21mol

Using the number of moles of sulfur, we can now calculate the number of atoms:

               Number of atoms = number of moles x 6.02 x 10²³

              Number of atoms = 0.21 x 6.02 x 10²³ = 1.26 x 10²³atoms

The answer is electrolysis

Answer:

Water electrolysis

Explanation:

Answer:

Hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonds are special dipole-dipole attraction between polar molecules in which a hydrogen molecule atom is directly joined to a highly electronegative atom.

This type of bond is an intermolecular bond caused by an electrostatic attraction between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electronegative atom(O or N or F) of a neighbouring molecule.

Answer:

Hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole dipole interaction. It exist between H atom bonded to electronegative atom; O, N, F and other O, N, F of another molecule.

Some of the examples of compounds having hydrogen bonding are:

[tex]NH_3,\ H_2O,\ HF,\ CH_3OH,\ etc.[/tex]

Hydrogen bonding exists because of development of dipole dipole interaction between H and electronegative atom.

As H is less electronegative as compared to O, N and F. So partial positive charge develop on H and partial negative chagre develop develop on the attached electronegative atom. Because of development of partial positive and partial negative charge, dipole dipole interaction occurs which leads to the development of hydrogen bonding.

Answer: During the Freezing stage

Explanation:

Solids are more dense than liquids because their molecules are pressed together.

Answer:

During solid phase change, the arrangement of water molecules become most orderly

Explanation:

Solids have a definite volume and definite shape

The particles present in a solid are very closely packed since the intermolecular forces between them are very strong. The molecules do not move apart.

This strong forces makes the solids to arrange the particles present in them to take up its position in an orderly arrangement in space. Vibrational motion exists among the particles making them not to move from its position.

Thus water molecules have an orderly arrangement in solid Ice rather than in liquid water.

Entropy is the disorderness or randomness of the molecules which are greater in gases > liquid > solid.

Entropy is less in solid due to the strong attractive forces which exist between the particles present in them.

Answer:

=1.4953 moles

Explanation:

Iron (III) Oxide is reduced by carbon (II) oxide into Iron. According to the following equation, One mole of Fe₂O₃ react with 3 moles of CO to produce  2 moles of Fe. Thus the reaction ratio of CO to Fe₂O₃ is 3:1  

Fe₂O₃₍s₎ + 3CO  → 2Fe₍s₎ + 3CO₂₍g₎

125.6 grams of CO is equivalent to: 125.6g/28.0g/mol

=4.486 moles.

The number of moles of Fe produced by the reaction is:

=(4.486 moles×1)/3

=1.4953 moles

Answer:

Explanation:

The half reactions are:

         Mg[tex]_{s}[/tex] → Mg²⁺[tex]_{aq}[/tex] + 2e⁻

        2H⁺[tex]_{aq}[/tex]  + 2e⁻ →  H₂[tex]_{g}[/tex]

The first equation is an oxidation half while the second is a reduction half. To get the overall reaction equation, we simply combine the two equations. The reactants combines at the left hand side with the products comes together at the right hand side.

Mg[tex]_{s}[/tex] +  2H⁺[tex]_{aq}[/tex]  + 2e⁻  → Mg²⁺[tex]_{aq}[/tex] + 2e⁻ +  H₂[tex]_{g}[/tex]

Now we cancel out the species that appear on both sides:

Mg[tex]_{s}[/tex] + 2H⁺[tex]_{aq}[/tex] → Mg²⁺[tex]_{aq}[/tex] + H₂[tex]_{g}[/tex]

Answer:answer is A on edg

Explanation:

Answer:

6.50 x 105M

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

People engineered things to help with irrigation to bring water to crops(food)

Answer:

A

Explanation:

engineering has to do with creating something, and A is the only option of that kind. process of elimination

Answer:

FALSE

Explanation:

[tex]E = \dfrac{hc}{\lambda}[/tex]

Energy is inversely proportional to wavelength.

∴ Waves with longer wavelengths have less energy than waves with shorter wavelengths.

Answer:

=11189 J

Explanation:

The temperature change i caused by the enthalpy change of the sand and the consequent increase in kinetic energy.

Change in enthalpy= Mass of substance × Specific heat capacity× Temperature change.

ΔH= MC∅

M=1000.0g

C= 0.670 Jg°C

∅= 37.8°C-21.1°C=16.7°C

ΔH= 1000.0g × 0.670J/g°C × 16.7 °C

=11189 J

Therefore the heat supplied to raise the temperature from 21.1 °C to 37.8°C is 11189 J.

Answer:

C.)house temperature increases cause the bimetallic coil to expand

Explanation:

A bimetallic strip is used in an air conditioner as a regulator. It is made up of two metals that behaves differently to a change in temperature.

To turn on the air conditoner, the circuit must be complete. When the temperature is high in a room, bimetallic strip responds by expanding and bending to complete the circuit. This puts on the air conditioner and the house begins to cool through exchange of warm and cold air.

When the temperature is too cold, the strip contracts and straightens. This process disconnects the circuit and the air conditioning system ceases to work.

Answer:

7 and 11

Explanation:

The amount of sand on the beaches can be found using this formula:

volume (m3) = length (m) × width (m) × depth (m)

(6 × 108 m) × 60 m × 20 m = 7 × 1011 m3

Therefore, there would be a total of 7 × 1011 cubic meters of sand on the beaches.

7 ×[tex]10^{11} m^3[/tex] cubic meters of sand are on the beaches.

Coastal areas are local administrative units (LAUs) that are bordering or close to a coastline.

The amount of sand on the beaches can be found using this formula:

volume = length (m) × width (m) × depth (m)

(6 × [tex]10^{8}[/tex]m) × 60 m × 20 m

= 7 × [tex]10^{11} m^3[/tex]

Therefore, there would be a total of 7 × [tex]10^{11}[/tex]cubic meters of sand on the beaches.

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Methane CH[tex]_{4}[/tex] does not have ionic bonds. Because of the close value of electronegativity of the carbon and hydrogen atoms the electrons are shared forming covalent bonds.

Answer:

[tex]CH_4[/tex]  is not likely to have ionic bonds

Explanation:

Ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non metal.

[tex]NaCl, LiF[/tex] and [tex]MgF_2[/tex] are examples in which we see metal bonded with a non-metal.

Na, Li, Mg are all metals and Cl, F are non metals.

[tex]CH_4[/tex] contains only non metals. Covalent bond is the bond present among non metallic compounds.

We can identify a bond as an ionic bond or a covalent bond based on the electronegativity values of the atoms present in it.

For example [tex]H_2 S[/tex]

Hydrogen --> electronegativity value is 2.1

Sulfur --> electronegativity value is 2.5

∆E, the electronegativity difference is 2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4

So, It is a non polar covalent bond present in [tex]H_2 S[/tex]

Examples :  

The electronegative values of H is 2.1

F is 4.0

O is 3.5  

N is 3.0

∆E value of HF Hydrogen bond  is

4.0 - 2.1 = 1.9

∆E value of H2O Hydrogen bond is

3.5 - 2.1 = 1.4

∆E value of NH3 Hydrogen bond is

3.0 - 2.1 = 0.9

∆E value between 0.5 to 1.7 is a polar covalent bond

∆E value btween 0 to 0.4 is a non polar covalent bond  

∆E above 1.7 is an ionic bond

Answer:

42.65g

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Mass of K = 4g

Unknown: Mass of KCl

Solution:

  Complete equation of the reaction:

              2K + Cl₂ → 2KCl

To solve this problem, we know that the reactant in short supply is potassium K and this dictates the amount of products that would be formed. The chlorine gas is in excess and we can't use it to determine the amount of product that would form.

Now, we work from the known to the unknown. Since we know the mass of K given in the reaction, we can simply find the molar relationship between the reacting potassium and the product. We simply convert the mass to mole and compare to the product. From there we can find the mass of KCl that would be produced.

Calculating number of moles of K

      Number of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]

        Number of moles of K =  [tex]\frac{4}{39}[/tex] = 0.103mol

From the given reaction equation:

   2 moles of K will produce 2 moles of KCl

 Therefore 0.103mol of K will produce 0.103mol of KCl

To find the mass of KCl produced,

   Mass of KCl = number of moles of KCl x molar mass

Molar mass of KCl = 39 + 35.5 = 74.5gmol⁻¹

Mass of KCl = 0.103 x 74.5 = 42.65g

Answer:

Grams of KCl produced = 7.60 g

Explanation:

The given reaction is:

2K + Cl2 → 2KCl

It is given that Cl2 is in excess which implies that potassium K is the limiting reagent

Based on the reaction stoichiometry:

2 moles of K produces 2 moles of KCl i.e the molar ratio of K:KCl = 1:1

[tex]Moles(K)= \frac{Mass}{Atomic mass}=\frac{4.00g}{39.09g/mol}=0.102moles[/tex]

Therefore, moles of KCl produced = 0.102

[tex]Mass(KCl)=moles*mol.wt = 0.102moles*74.55g/mol=7.60g[/tex]

Answer:

C. Oxidation

Explanation:

To make it short

Answer:

6

Explanation:

2×3=6,that is why it is the answer

Final answer:

The total number of electrons in p orbitals in a ground-state iron atom is 12, with 6 electrons each in the 2p and 3p subshells.

Explanation:

To find out the total number of electrons in p orbitals in a ground-state iron atom, we can look at the electron configuration of iron, which is Fe: 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¶4s²3d⁶. Iron has an atomic number of 26, which also equals the number of electrons in the neutral atom.

The p orbitals can be found in the 2p and 3p subshells. The 2p subshell can hold a maximum of 6 electrons, and the 3p subshell can also hold up to 6 electrons. As can be seen from iron's electron configuration above, both the 2p and the 3p subshells are fully occupied, therefore, the total number of electrons in p orbitals is 12 (6 from 2p and 6 from 3p).