Answer:
Fun Seeking GrandparentsExplanation:
As per the study conducted by Bernice Neugarten at the University of Chicago there are five type of grandparents; the formal, the fun seeker, the surrogate, the reservoir and the distant. Each type of grand parenting style has some unique characteristics. The fun seeker grandparent like to have fun with their grandchildren and like to bring their inner child out to play and entertain their grandchildren. They always have a good time with them. While the formal grandparents behave in traditional manner and believe that its their duty to give appropriate guidelines to their grandchildren s. They occasionally go out and are not overly involved with the children.
Final answer:
David and Tina are examples of companionate grandparents, characterized by spending enjoyable time with their grandson Dillon, focusing on being more like friends than authorities.
Explanation:
According to Neugarten and Weinstein, David and Tina display characteristics of companionate grandparents. This style of grandparenting is defined by doing things with the grandchild without exerting much authority or control, preferring instead to spend time with them without interfering in the parenting process. Companionate grandparents are more like friends to their grandchildren, focusing on creating enjoyable experiences and building a strong emotional bond rather than on discipline or daily care responsibilities.
David and Tina's regular weekend outings with Dillon, which include seeing movies or going to parks, exemplify the companionate style. They prioritize spending quality time with Dillon and engage in activities that both Dillon and his grandparents look forward to. This approach aligns with the companionate grandparenting style, where the main goal is to enjoy shared experiences and foster a close, friendly relationship with the grandchildren without imposing strict rules or taking on a parental role.
Julianna is a nine-year-old child diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Her mother was a chain smoker even after Julianna was conceived. Which of the following factors is chiefly responsible for her condition?
A. Julianna has one form of a dopamine gene but not the other.
B. Julianna has abnormal brain growth rate.
C. Julianna consumed excess amounts of sugar as an infant.
D.Julianna inherited both forms of a dopamine gene from her mother.
E. Julianna has one form of a dopamine gene but not the other
Answer:
The correct answer is a) Julianna has one form of a dopamine gene but not the other.
Explanation:
In neurodevelopmental disorders, there is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; it is usually observed in people who have difficulty paying attention, excessive activity, do not often measure the consequences of their actions before acting, and also show problems To regulate your emotions.
Symptoms usually occur in children before the age of twelve, and the signs can be observed steadily for six months; for a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it should be taken into account that the signs follow the criteria established in the DSM-IV or ICD-10.
The exact causes of why attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is still unknown, according to studies so far, talk about different factors that are relevant for this disorder in children. Among the causes are genetic factors and nicotine exposure during pregnancy, but parenting styles are not appropriate.
Genetics is one of the leading causes of the disorder, which usually involves different genes, especially dopamine neurotransmitters, so treatments are generally stimulants or dopamine receptors.
For example, in Julianna's case, she has problems with dopamine receptor genes, and possibly her treatment is for the stimulation of dopamine neurotransmitters.
I hope this information can help you.
Final answer:
While genetics play a key role in ADHD, in Julianna's case, the smoking habits of her mother during pregnancy are a significant environmental factor that may have contributed to her ADHD. The exact cause of ADHD is multifaceted, involving both genetic and environmental components.
Explanation:
Among the choices provided regarding factors responsible for Julianna's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), options A and E are duplicates, and there is no ample evidence to suggest that consumption of excess sugar (option C) or inheriting both forms of a dopamine gene (option D) are directly responsible for ADHD. Instead, research indicates that ADHD does have genetic influences and can be affected by environmental factors such as maternal smoking during pregnancy. Given the information that Julianna's mother was a chain smoker, this environmental exposure is a plausible contributing factor to Julianna's condition. Although other factors like abnormal brain growth rate (option B) might contribute, there's no clear evidence to single it out as the chief cause over the genetic and environmental influences mentioned.
ADHD is associated with dysfunction of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, and is thought to involve genetic components, as well as brain development processes. The role of genetics in ADHD is complex and involves multiple genes. ADHD treatments typically involve behavioral therapies and medications targeting neurotransmitter balance, especially dopamine levels.
___________ theories would study criminalization of the often voiceless, marginalized, oppressed individuals in a society.
Answer:
Critical Theories of Deviance
Explanation:
Answer:
crtical theories
Explanation:
Hillary's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Hillary is MOST likely undergoing:_________
Answer:
Client-centered
Explanation:
Client-centered therapy, also recognized as person-centered treatment, is a non-directive form of speech therapy created during the 1940s and 1950s by humanist psychologist Carl Rogers.
A major difference between humanistic therapists and other therapists is that they refer to "clients," not "patients" in counseling.
The psychologist must be truthful when expressing his or her feelings. The professional to help teach the client to develop this important skill by modeling this behavior.
Malik was severely depressed for two weeks, but then became very agitated, going on wild spending sprees and driving recklessly around town. He was arrested for running into a bar with no clothes while laughing and yelling very loudly. Malik's behavior illustrates:
Answer:
Bipolar disorder
Explanation:
Bipolar disorder, also referred as manic-depressive illness is a mental disorder in which a person experiences extreme mood swings that ranges from high to low, and vice versa, unusual shift in energy levels, etc
Highs mark maniac period, whereas lows are depressive periods.
Sometimes, these mood swings become mixed, and a person might feel both depressed and energetic at the same instant.
Thus the case of Malik where he was depressed for 2 weeks and then suddenly shows so much energy and unusual behavior represents the case of Bipolar disorder.
A person appointed by the court to represent or make decisions for a person (e.g., a minor or an incapacitated adult) who is legally incapable of doing so in a civil legal proceeding is known as a(n):
Answer:
The answer is guardian ad litem.
Explanation:
From latin ad litem, meaning "for the proceeding", this is the person in charge of a ward who cannot take care of himself. This concept is frequent among child custody cases, in which a guardian is assigned to the minor.
It's important to recognise that the court may assign a guardian ad litem without the ward's consent.
Data Bias On a survey of high school seniors they are asked: What state do you live in? How likely are you to attend college in your home state? (on a scale of 1-5, 5 meaning "very likely") What do you plan to study? A student, Amara, plans to use the survey data to create a visualization and short summary of students' plans for college. First she wants to learn more about how the data was collected. Of the following things she might learn about the survey, which are the most likely sources of bias in the results based how it was collected? Choose two answers.
a) She learns that the survey administrators only asked a representative sample of students, rather than every student in each state.
b) She learns that responses were collected only by mobile app.
c) She learns that the survey was only available to students who scored at the top 10% on the PSAT.
d) She learns the survey was available to complete in both digital and paper form.
Answer:
A and D
Explanation:
The common definition of data bias is that the available data is not representative of the population or phenomenon of study.
Just after they taste a sweet liquid, mice are injected with a drug that produces an immune response. Later, the taste of the sweet liquid by itself triggers an immune response. This best illustrates
A. operant conditioning.
B. cognitive learning.
C. classical conditioning.
D. observational learning.
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Classical conditioning is also referred as Pavlovian conditioning and can be defined as a process which in which living beings learn with the help of association and was discovered by Pavlov, a Russian physiologist.
This conditioning links two stimuli with each other to produce a new response, i.e. learned response.
In the case of mice also, two stimuli are linked together thus the case is that of classical conditioning.
_____________ is a dissociative anesthetic it induces a lack of responsive awareness not only of pain, but also of the general environment, without a corresponding depression of the autonomic nervous system.
Answer:
PCP
Explanation:
Phencyclidine ( PCP ) -
It is a drug , mostly used in the United States .
The drug is which can lead to a situation of hallucination , can even show some mild - altering effects .
The drug can be taken orally or injected . It can be consumed by mixing with tobacco .
Being a very strong drug , it resists the person from any kind of pain or sound or smell .
The extreme effects of this drug are addiction , coma and ultimately is fatal .
It's time for the Super Bowl, and the end-of-the-aisle displays at the supermarket feature chips, dips, and soft drinks. What type of sales promotion tool is this? A. Sponsorship B. Premium C. Point-of-purchase D. Allowance E. Sample
Answer:
The answer is C. Point-of-purchase.
Explanation:
This type of sales promotion tool is based on planning the location of a store or the products within it. This concept also applies to online stores, and the arrangement of the products on its home page, for example.
Some of the strategies to enhancing this tool are focusing on trends, as well as improving the asthetic of the products.
Many professions include _____ as a training mechanism so that people can learn by watching the actions of others. latent inhibition operant conditioning observational learning classical conditioning
There are several medicines that relieve allergy-related symptoms but only Sensitine comes in a quick-dissolving form that can be easily swallowed without water. The manufacturer of Sensitine hopes the fact that it dissolves and enters the system more quickly than other brands will create a _____.
Answer:
Competitive advantage
Explanation:
Competitive advantage:-
Competitive advantage in business, is the accredit which allows a particular organization to outperform and beat its competitors. Itcan be achieved by many factors. It may include low cost power source, access to the natural resources, demographic location, new technological assets, high skilled labors, etc.
Thus, from the question manufacturer of Sensitive will create a competitive advantage over the other brands as the medicine is quick dissolving and thus have a additional benefit in the business.
Final answer:
Sensitine is an antihistamine that may create a market niche through its quick-dissolving, easy-to-swallow form offering fast relief from allergy symptoms. While beneficial for short-term relief, long-term allergic reactions require medical consultation. Desensitization therapies can provide a long-term solution by reducing the body's sensitivity to allergens.
Explanation:
Antihistamines are medications used to treat symptoms associated with allergies, such as nasal congestion, sneezing, or hives. The quick-dissolving form of Sensitine may offer a competitive advantage by providing fast relief from allergy symptoms. As it dissolves and enters the system more quickly, it can start to work sooner than traditional antihistamines. This quicker onset could appeal to those seeking rapid relief from uncomfortable symptoms. Furthermore, the ability to take the medication without water adds convenience for users, potentially leading to a unique market niche for Sensitine.
It is important to note that while antihistamines like Sensitine offer short-term relief, they do not address long-term allergic reactions that could lead to more serious conditions like asthma, sinusitis, or lower respiratory tract infections. For chronic allergies, consultation with a medical professional is advised, especially when considering long-term use of antihistamines.
In terms of the immune response, therapies like desensitization shots work by gradually increasing a patient's exposure to allergens, aiming to shift the immune system's response and reduce overall sensitivity to allergens. This can lead to reduced severity of allergic reactions over time.
Delia has decided that she wants to reduce the frequency of her heavy drinking that leads to intoxication; her therapist suggests that she plan out her drinking behavior ahead of time. This includes what to drink, how much to drink, and when it is appropriate to drink. This type of approach to dealing with Delia's alcohol issue is called:
Answer:
Relapse-prevention training.
Explanation:
Relapse-prevention training -
It is one of recovery stage from a particular disorder , where the efforts are made in order to decrease the vulnerability to relapse substance use .
Same is the case with Delia ,
As , she has decided to reduce the intake of alcohol , and hence , her therapist has given her instructions in order to reduce her alcohol intake , as she told her to plan the drinks and the amount intake before hand , so as to avoid intoxication .
Which of the following statements is correct when considering the choice between active and passive policy making?
A. Economists believing that markets are stable and efficient support monetary policy; economists that believe that there are rigidities in markets support fiscal policy.
B. Economists believing that markets are stable and efficient support passive policy making; economists that believe that there are rigidities in markets support active policy making.
C. Economists believing that markets are stable and efficient support active policy making; economists that believe that there are rigidities in markets support passive policy making.
D. Economists believing that markets are stable and efficient support contractionary policy making; economists that believe that there are rigidities in markets support expansionary policy making.
Answer:
B. Economists believing that markets are stable and efficient support passive policy making; economists that believe that there are rigidities in markets support active policy making.
Explanation:
According to the active policy making, the economy should be under the control of the federal government. It is the type of policy making that is in response to the potential changes in the activities involving economics.
Whereas, passive policy making is not in response to the changes in the economic activities. According to the economist, the economy will be stable on its own when the government does involve in it.
Hence the answer is ---
B. Economists believing that markets are stable and efficient support passive policy making; economists that believe that there are rigidities in markets support active policy making.
Well into the mid-twentieth century, white planters gave blacks a small piece of land on which to grow crops and live (often in squalid shacks). In return, blacks gave white planters a portion of their crops. This process was called what?
Answer:
The answer is sharecropping.
Explanation:
As the passage explains, sharecropping consisted in allowing use of a piece of land in return of another. It could be either beneficial or disadvantageous; if the harvest was large and the prices were high, it encourgaged owners to develop more efficient agricultural methods. However, sharecropping was not as effective as slave plantation due to risks of having a small harvest.
In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a company names an "Employee of the Month" and "Employee of the Quarter," the company is addressing employees' ________ needs.
Answer:
Esteem needs
Explanation:
Esteem needs refer to the self-respect of a person. It is the basic need of the Mash-low hierarchy in which each person wants to be valued and respected by others. We all people in our lifetime period participated in activities that accomplished our sense of self-respect. If someone is not able to accomplish his/her self esteem, it creates an issue of self-respect and self-esteem and accompaniment about esteem.
For self-esteem, a person needs to appreciate self. The self-esteem divided into two ways the lower self-esteem and higher self-esteem. In lower self-esteem, people appreciate a person by their status, prestige, money standard but in higher esteem the belief in courage, strength, self confidence and independence.
Officers in World War II, the Vietnam War, and the war in Bosnia have explained some of their behavior with the reasoning: "I was just following orders." This is an example of which stage of moral development?
a) punishment-obedience
b) social-contract
c) military-contract
d) law and order
Answer:
The correct answer is: d) law and order
Explanation:
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development identifies three levels of moral thinking that leads to a person's cognitive development: preconventional, conventional and postconventional. Each level is comprised by two stages.
During the conventional level of morality, personal and societal relationships shape the individual's sense of morality, accepting authority and embracing social order. The two stages in this level of morality are: a) Good Boy, Nice Girl Orientation and b) Law and Order Orientation. In the latter, the individual accepts rules because of the importance of maintaining a functioning society. Morality is dictated from the outside.
Teaching people to be __________ rather than hostile and to __________ rather than explode interrupts the intense physiological response that intervenes between psychological stress and illness.
passive;
implode impulsive;
relax assertive;
negotiate passive;
avoid
Answer:
Assertive, negotiate
Explanation:
Assertion teaching is very simple and beneficial. The assertion of teaching motivated people for learning. Teach people in an assertive manner in which a teacher should be calm, and should use a clear and confident voice for people. Proper eye contact maintained with people respectfully.
Negotiation also an important role in assertive teaching. In this process, a teacher should use negotiation because teachers and students have a different relationship and they have a generation gap. In many ways, parents and students are more aware of their rights rather than a teacher. The teacher is always not right.
Thus these both terms are important in intervening the physiological response and psychological stress and illness.
In Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, what is the idée fixe?
a. a shepherd song in the third movement
b. the basic theme of the symphony, heard in every movement
c. a chant from the Mass for the Dead appearing in the finale
d. a theme and variations, heard in the march movement
In Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, idée fixe is the basic theme of the symphony, heard in every movement.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Symphonie fantastique is a program symphony composed by Hector Berlioz who was the greatest composer in 1830. He was also an important person in the early Romanic time period. Since his music was played behind the drama. His score had 90 instruments in total and his symphony had five movements.
He introduced a theme called idée fixe. And that theme appeared in all 5 of his movements. Berlioz's main goal is to comprise all the pieces into one while watching the drama that playing. He composed this Symphonie fantastique in order to get attention from Harriet who is a Novelist at that time.
In Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, the idée fixe is the basic theme of the symphony, heard in every movement. It is a recurring theme that depicts the protagonist's unending obsession with his beloved.
Explanation:In Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, the idée fixe is not a shepherd song in the third movement, or a chant from the Mass for the Dead appearing in the finale, or even a theme and variations, heard in the march movement. Rather, it is the basic theme of the symphony, heard in every movement. Essentially, the idée fixe is a recurring theme or musical idea that the composer returns to over the course of the symphony. Its recurrence symbolizes the protagonist's unending obsession with his beloved, and it is manipulated and altered in each movement to reflect the changing emotional states in the symphony's narrative.
Learn more about Idée fixe in Symphonie fantastique here:https://brainly.com/question/25578290
#SPJ12
"Which statement accurately explains the shift in society’s views toward sex in the nineteenth century (e.g., the idea that masturbation could lead to blindness or that oral sex could cause cancer)?"
Answer:
Religious presumptions replaced by medical ones
Explanation:
During the nineteenth century, there was a shift in the doctors' view of sexuality with that of Church. Traditionally, religion regarded any type of sexual behavior except reproduction, would do harm. There was a belief that masturbation leads to blindness, heart diseases, and oral sex could cause cancer. However, believes started to change in the following centuries where pre-marital sex is considered pleasurable and desirable. Tolerant attitudes towards sexual practices become more permissible, which could be seen in advertisements, plays, and movies.
The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at ________ of the demographic transition.
Answer: The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at:
STAGE 2
Explanation: Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by a rapid decrease in a country's death rate while the birth rate remains high. As such, the total population of a country in Stage 2 will rise because births outnumber deaths, not because the birth rate is rising.
The migration transition model, also known as the demographic transition theory, suggests international migration reaches a peak at Stage 2. This stage sees the beginning of industrialization, with high birth rates and declining mortality rates. Subsequent stages see a decline in birth rate and further increase in life expectancy.
Explanation:The migration transition model, also known as demographic transition theory, predicts that international migration reaches a peak at Stage 2 of the demographic transition. The demographic transition model splits the evolution of population growth in countries into four stages.
Stage 1 is characterized by high birth, death, and infant mortality rates. An example of this stage is the 1800s in the United States. In Stage 2, societies begin to industrialize - birth rates are higher while infant mortality and the death rates drop. Afghanistan is currently in this stage, and this is also the stage where international migration tends to peak.
By Stage 3, a society is thoroughly industrialized; birth rates decline, while life expectancy continues to increase. Death rates continue to decrease. Mexico's population is currently at this stage. In the final period, Stage 4, the society is in a postindustrial era. The birth and death rates are low, people live longer, and the population stabilizes or even declines, such as in Sweden.
Learn more about Migration Transition Model here:https://brainly.com/question/13963503
#SPJ3
Some consumers cope by making a purchase. After consumers have made acquisition, consumption, or disposition decisions, they also evaluate: their prepurchase decision-making process. their judgments. the outcomes of their decisions. the brand evaluation process.
Answer: The consumer behavior is the process whereby individuals decide whether, what, when, how and from whom to purchase goods and services.
Explanation: The consumer behavior of the brand evaluation process after making a acquisition, consumption or disposition decisions are, now, a important factor to take in consideration by marketers and brands.
In the eye of a consumer, your prepurchase decision-maing process are based on a several factors, like the functional and psychological benefits the product will offer, wich leads to the tought about your judgments, the outcomes of their decisions in positive and negative views.
According to Section 402A of the Restatement of Torts, Second, one who sells any product in a defective condition unreasonably dangerous to the users cannot be subject to liability for physical harm thereby caused to the ultimate user or consumer, or to his property, if _____ .
Answer:
A product that is safe when delivered is subsequently mishandled or changed.
Explanation:
This section of the Restatement of Torts explains how the seller of a good can't be held accountable of a safe delivered product if it is subsequently mishandled or changed. This protects that seller of any legal liability of, according to the example, physical harm caused to the ultimate user or consumer. To add an example: if a perfectly fine pizza is delivered but the consumer claims that it's not, the delivery won't be made accountable (as long they can prove that it was, in fact, perfect when delivered).
This is a monotheistic religion that originated from the teachings of the prophet muhammad.
Answer:
Islam
Explanation:
Islam is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion that teaches that there is only one God (Allah) and that Muhammad is a messenger of God.
It is also the second largest religion in the world with more than 1.9 billion adherents, or 24.4 percent of the world's population, commonly referred to as Muslims.
Islam believes that Allah is gracious, all-powerful, and special, and through prophets, revealing scriptures, has guided humanity.
Answer:
islam
Explanation:
Kevin wants to watch the football game and Mary wants to make an important phone call. One of them needs to watch the baby. Mary and Kevin agree that Kevin will watch the baby at halftime while Mary makes her phone call. This is an example of which type of communication?
Answer: Bargaining
Explanation: This type of communication generally involves negotiation, such as in some business transactions where there is an agreement reached during the negotiation of mutual benefit.
When it comes to bargaining communication in the social sense, and therefore also in the family, then this kind of communication is actually an adaptation of one's own needs, a position in order to come up with a mutually beneficial solution. Each participant in such communication starts from a certain position, and of course his / her position is important, but with such communication each participant makes a certain acceptable deviation from the starting position in order to reach a compromise, but a solution is reached that meets the needs of all participants, communication, that is, fulfils everyone's wishes and needs.
Most recent participants reported feeling more happy than sad after rubberbands secured to the sides of their faces were stretched over the tops of their heads. Their reactions best illustrated.
Answer:
the facial feedback effect
Explanation:
The facial feedback effect refers to the impact of facial expressions on the emotional state of the individual. Also, forced expressions tend to make people more uncomfortable and unhappy even if they are being forced to smile like on social gatherings. Here, it is said that 'most recent participants reported feeling more happy than sad after rubberbands secured to the sides of their faces were stretched over the tops of their heads'. Hence, this is clearly the facial feedback effect as it highlights the impact of facial expressions on the emotional state of the participants.
Shoshanna is hyperactive at school, often having trouble with instructions, sitting still in her seat, and focusing on her schoolwork. Shoshanna is most likely to be treated with a ________, such as ________.
Answer: The correct answer is : Be treated with a stimulant like Ritalin
Explanation: Stimulants are medications that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Stimulants increase alertness. Ritalin works by changing the levels of some natural substances in the brain.
Mary Beth is considering accepting some additional contract work. She is trying to evaluate whether the compensation for the job is worth the effort. Which tax rate should she use to calculate her after-tax proceeds of accepting the job?
Answer:
She should use marginal tax rate so she can calculate after-tax proceeds of accepting the job.
Explanation:
Marginal tax rate is defined as tax rate whose assessment is based on the next income. It is the amount of money you need to give from your nex taxable income and is expressed in percents - the limit above which it is paid is pre-set. It can include federal, state and local income taxes, federal payroll and self-employment taxes.
Philip argues that the medical system's main goal is to make profits and not to benefit people who need help. He says that medical care is not equally accessible to all individuals and that it benefits only certain groups of people. Philip's ideas represent the _____ perspective.
Answer:
The answer is conflict perspective.
Explanation:
This perspective has roots in the ideas of Karl Marx, who believed the changes of society over time occured due to class conflict. The conflict perspective views competition for resources, such as food or money, as the motor of society. It states that inequality exists to empower and benefit the rich, in expense of the poor.
Your southern region is not doing very well. You want to know why, so you ask for a special report showing the numbers for the southern region compared to the northern, eastern, and western regions. This is a(n) ________ report.
Answer: Comparative
Explanation:
The comparative report is one of the type of analytical report that basically determine the constituent of the report by proper survey the data across the demo-graphical group.
The comparative report mainly allow us to summarized the broken data and then compile it to form a proper report.
By using the comparative report, we can analyzes the overall activity of the campaign and also analyzing the specific parameter of the report.
Therefore, Comparative report is the correct answer.
A report comparing business performance or other statistics between different regions, such as the southern region and other areas, is known as a regional comparison report.
Explanation:The report you are asking for that shows the numbers for the southern region compared to the northern, eastern, and western regions is known as a regional comparison report. These reports are instrumental in analyzing performance, detecting patterns, and understanding the dynamics of different geographies in your business. Whether it's due to economic attributes, such as income disparities, or other factors like public policies affecting health and social outcomes, regional comparison reports highlight variances that may require strategic attention.
Which sociologist published a book in 1904 in which he noted that it was no mere coincidence that an overwhelming number of business leaders, owners of capital, and skilled workers were Protestants, not Catholics?
Answer:
The answer is Max Weber.
Explanation:
The book he published was called Protestant Ethic. He wrote it after noticing that the Protestant part of Europe was wealthier than the Catholic part, so he inferred the cause to be that Protestants continuously promoted hard work and money-saving.
These circumstances are believed to have facilitted capitalism in Western Europe.