Hi !
Osteoarthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage joint surface wears out. ( in an isolated joint.)
Rheumatoid arthritis ( autoimmune disease), the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body instead of intruders.
Osteoarthritis is caused by 'wear and tear' of cartilage, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that attacks joints. Treatments for both conditions focus on alleviating symptoms.
Explanation:Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and is associated with aging and 'wear and tear' of the articular cartilage. It occurs when the cartilage that covers the surfaces of bones at synovial joints gradually becomes thinner, leading to pain, joint stiffness, and inflammation. Treatments for osteoarthritis focus on alleviating pain and may include lifestyle changes, medications, or joint replacement surgery if necessary.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial joints, causing inflammation, cartilage breakdown, and joint deformation. It primarily affects the hands, feet, and cervical spine, and is characterized by swollen, stiff, and painful joints. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, imaging tests, and blood tests. There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, but treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and may include exercise, medications, or surgery.
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What do you do when a victim with a foreign body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive?
Answer:
Explanation:
Real or imminent airway interference is a general reason for intubation of the trachea. Life-threatening airway interference may happen when the foreign substance grows lodged in the airway; this is particularly common in infants and toddlers. Severe blunt or penetrating trauma to the cheek or cut may be accompanied by swelling and the extending hematoma, or loss to those larynx, trachea or bronchi. Airway interference is also common at people who get had smoke medication or burns within or near the airline or epiglottitis. Sustained generalized attack action and angioedema are additional common cases of life-threatening airway interference, which may be tracheal intubation to ensure the airway.
Hector was employed by a machine shop. One day he made a delivery for his employer and proceeded back to the shop. When he was four miles from the shop and on the road where it was located, he turned left onto another road to visit a friend. The friend lived five miles off the turnoff. On the way to the friend’s house, Hector caused an accident. The injured person sued Hector’s employer. Is the employer liable? Discuss.
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Hector's employer is not liable because Hector turning left onto another road to visit his friend was not part of his employment. He did this on his own will and therefore his employer cannot be liable unless they instructed him to turn left on that road.
In which of the following cases would the dentist have an obligation to treat the patient?
A. A patient of the practice wants a certain procedure, but the dentist doesn't have the right equipment
B. A patient of the practice arrives with a dental emergency
C. A person who isn't a patient of the practice arrives with a dental emergency.
D. A patient of the practice is referred to another dentist (the practice's dentist is out of town), but the patient doesn't go
Answer: The correct answer is: [B]:
____________________________________________________
" A patient of the practice arrives with a dental emergency " .
____________________________________________________
Hope this helps!
Best wishes to you!
____________________________________________________
The dentist would have an obligation to treat the patient in case the of a person who isn't a patient of the practice arrives with a dental emergency
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Any doctor has dedicated his or her life for saving the lives of a patient on that note if a patient comes with a dental emergency it is a definite obligation for the doctor to treat the patient in spite of the patient not being his regular patient. At least a first aid is required to be done.
A new chemical signal is discovered. It is secreted in low concentrations from keratinocytes in the skin. True or False
Answer:
yes it is true and real.
The effects of general anesthesia are mediated by which receptors?
A) Both GABA and NMDA receptors in the CNS
B) Both GABA and NMDA receptors in the PNS
C) Mainly GABA receptors in the CNS
D) Mainly NMDA receptors in the CNS
Answer:
(A). Both GABA and NMDA receptors in the CNS
Explanation:
General anesthesia or general anesthetics can be defined as substances that triggers a loss of consciousness in individuals. These medications show their effect by activating inhibitory CNS and by inactivation of excitatory receptors of CNS.
They target both GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors of CNS. General anesthetics agonist effect with GABA receptors and antagonist effect with NMDA receptors, and induces state of unconsciousness.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
Jessica's mother takes her to see her pediatrician, who refers her to a rheumatologist, a doctor who specializes in rheumatic diseases. The doctor withdraws some synovial fluid using a small needle from Jessica's warm, swollen, tender knee that has limited motion. What types of joint are freely movable like the knee?
Answer:
1. Ankle
2. Wrist
3. Elbow
4. Hip
5. Shoulder
Imagine that a seven-year-old girl develops a hormone-secreting ovarian tumor derived from granulosa cells. What signs of the disease would you expect?
Answer:
Some of the signs of this disease can be- nausea, early onset of puberty, abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Explanation:
Granulosa cell tumors originate from the granulosa cells. Even though, granulosa cells are naturally present only in the ovary, the granulosa cell tumors can occur in both the ovaries and the testicles.
The Granulosa cell tumor releases the hormone estrogen which leads to increased estrogen levels.
The tumor can cause heavy or abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal discomfort and increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Juvenile granulosa cell tumor is similar to granulosa cell tumor but a very rare tumor, usually seen in children.
If a seven-year-old girl develops a ovarian tumor derived from granulosa cells, then some of the symptoms she might experience are- nausea, early onset of puberty, abnormal vaginal bleeding.
A seven-year-old girl with a granulosa cell tumor in her ovaries would likely exhibit signs of premature puberty due to excessive estrogen production, including breast development, pubic hair growth, and possibly early menstruation, similar to symptoms of PCOS.
If a seven-year-old girl develops a hormone-secreting ovarian tumor derived from granulosa cells, one could expect to see signs of premature puberty due to the production of excessive amounts of estrogen. This excess estrogen would stimulate the growth of secondary sex characteristics, such as breast development and pubic hair growth. Moreover, increased levels of estrogen could also lead to signs often associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including acne and excessive hair growth. Early menstruation may also occur. The hormones secreted by the pituitary gland, particularly luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), typically trigger puberty by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen, which is responsible for these changes.
However, with a granulosa cell tumor, the excess estrogen is produced independently of the normal regulatory mechanisms involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, leading to an abnormal timing of puberty. The situation is different from pituitary tumors, which directly affect the secretion of LH and FSH, but the result can still be precocious puberty, as both conditions lead to increased estrogen production.
The brain region that exerts the most direct effects on the endocrine system is the __________.
Answer:
The brain region that exerts the most direct effect on the endocrine systen is the HYPOTHALAMUS
The brain region that exerts the most direct effects on the endocrine system is the hypothalamus.
What is the Endocrine system?The Endocrine system may be characterized as the glands and organs that assemble hormones and discharge them instantly into the blood so they can traverse to tissues and organs over the whole body.
Hypothalamus is the region of the brain that is responsible for maintaining the process of homeostasis, coordinating your nervous system, and provoking hormone responses.
Therefore, the brain region that exerts the most direct effects on the endocrine system is the hypothalamus.
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List and describe one drug used to treat diseases of the Thyroid and Pituitary Glands
Answer:
- Levothyroxine and lanreotide, respectively.
Explanation:
Hypothyroidism is a disorder of thyroid gland, characterized by decreased production of thyroid hormones. Levothyroxine is a drug, which is similar to natural thyroid hormone.
Hence, levothyroxine can be used to treat hypothyroidism as it replaces the thyroid hormone that would be normally produced by thyroid gland and returns the level of thyroid hormones to normal.
Pituitary tumors represent a disorder of pituitary gland, characterized by abnormal growth of cells found in pituitary gland. It leads to disruption of normal hormonal balance in body and health by overproduction of hormones.
Pituitary tumors are treated by using drugs to control hormone synthesis by particular cells. For example, lanreotide is used to decrease production of growth hormone by cells of pituitary gland.
Thus, levothyroxine and lanreotide are drugs used to treat disorders of thyroid and pituitary glands, respectively.
Why is a person with type AB blood able to receive a blood transfusion from a donor with any of the major blood types (A, B, AB, and O) but is able to donate blood only to another type AB individual? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
I believe the correct answer is the presence of antigens.
Explanation:Red blood cells have specific antigens on their surface that determine the blood group are hereditable. For example, blood group A means the person has the A antigen, B means the B antigen and AB means the person has both A and B antigens. The other group is blood group O and that means the person lacks the antigens to to make a particular blood group. The human body produces other chemicals called antibodies that attacks antigens and that is why you can only recieve a blood group that is yours to prevent the antibodies from attacking you. Since there are only 2 antigens, a person with antigen A produces antibodies against the rival antigen B. In the case of blood group AB where a person has both antigens, the body lacks all the antibodies in order to prevent the body from attacking itself. So a person with blood group AB lacks antigens a and b.This means the person can receive blood from any blood group since there are no antibodies to attack any antigen. They however can only donate to a person who has the same AB bloodgroup since all the other blood groups have antibodies against antigens and adding blood that has antigens will cause a severe blood transfusion reaction.
A serving of food that has 10% to 19% of a nutrient based on a 2,000-calorie diet is considered to have __________.
A.low nutritional value
B.good nutritional value
C.average nutritional value
D.excellent nutritional value
Answer:
A serving of food that has 10% to 19% of a nutrient based on a 2,000-calorie diet is considered to have good nutritional value- B.
Answer:
B.good nutritional value
Explanation:
just took the test good luck!
The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are
Answer:
1. Alarm phase
2. Resistance phase
3. Exhaustion phase
Explanation:
General adaptation syndrome (GAS), is a three-stage process that describes the physiological changes that a body goes through when subjected to stress It includes three phases:
1. Alarm phase: promotes the activity of the sympathetic nervous system
2. A resistance phase: during this phase organisms makes efforts in order to cope with the threat.
3. An exhaustion phase: This phase occurs when the organism fail to overcome the stress and depletes the physiological resources.
The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion.
Explanation:The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are:
Alarm reaction: This is the body's immediate physiological reaction to a threatening situation or emergency. It is similar to the fight-or-flight response and involves a cascade of physiological reactions to provide the energy to manage the situation.Stage of resistance: After the alarm reaction, the body enters a stage of continued response to stress. This stage involves adaptation and the body's attempt to restore balance.Stage of exhaustion: If the stress persists or becomes chronic, the body eventually reaches a state of exhaustion. This stage is characterized by physical and emotional exhaustion, and it can lead to increased vulnerability to illness and disease.Learn more about General Adaptation Syndrome here:https://brainly.com/question/30542007
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Natural remedies for rheumatoid arthritis
Hi !
Natural remedies for rheumatoid arthritis
- relaxation
- Regular exercise
- Tai chi
- yoga
- Creams, gels, and lotions
- Plant oils
- Heat and cold
- homéopathie
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder affecting the joints, caused by the body's immune system attacking healthy tissue. While there is no cure, multiple treatment options exist, including rest, pain medications, anti-inflammatory medicines, and even surgery in severe cases. Drugs that reduce the autoimmune response have been developed to slow the progression of RA.
Explanation:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder that primarily affects synovial joints of the hands, feet, and cervical spine. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue causing cartilage breakdown and swelling of the joint lining. This condition is more common in women than men, and usually begins between 40-50 years of age.
Despite no known cure for RA, there are multiple treatment options available. The early stages can be managed with rest and the use of tools like a cane or joint splints to minimize inflammation. When inflammation has decreased, exercise can be applied to strengthen muscles surrounding the joint, maintain joint flexibility, and prevent further damage. Medications may also be required to relieve pain and decrease inflammation, such as aspirin and corticosteroid injections. For severe cases, surgery may be an option.
Lastly, there are drugs available that help reduce the damage to bones and cartilage caused by RA to slow its progression. These medicines work by reducing the impact of the autoimmune response. They may inhibit the inflammatory response or reduce the number of T lymphocytes, which are cells of the immune system.
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What type of living facility for older adults has separate apartments for each person but residents are provided meals in a common dining area, are offered housekeeping services, transportation for shopping and medical appointments, and access to social activities, as well as extensive medical care? Most residents are afflicted with dementia or other serious health problems.
Answer:
Nursing home
Explanation:
The nursing home is where the elderly take care of their health, their physical and psychological well-being. The nursing home is similar to a nursing home. A fixed monthly charge is required and in most of these spaces good services are offered. One of the main reasons for choosing the nursing home is socialization. That's right! In the nursing home, the elderly feel more protected and supported by several companies, that is, they feel at home.
In addition to socialization, the home of the elderly allows the elderly to have their privacy guaranteed, since they have a room for themselves, but they eat together, participate in activities, have access to a cleaning service and medical care, in addition to of other advantages.
Identify a disease state that could be treated with gene therapy.
Answer: Hemophilia
Explanation:
Gene therapy can be used to replace, mutate, add a new gene in order to cure disease. Gene therapy can be used to treat many genetic disorders that cannot be cured by the help of medications.
The gene responsible for producing the clotting factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) are inserted in the liver cells of the human body by the help of vector.
The gene responsible for producing the clotting factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) will start producing clotting factors and body will function properly.
This, is how gene therapy can be used to cure hemophilia.
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Which would occur if the retina is damaged?
The image will not be transferred to the back of the eye.
The eye cannot adjust for differences in light intensity.
Incoming light will not be focused onto the lens.
Nerve impulses will not travel down the optic nerve.
Answer:
Nerve impulses will not travel down the optic nerve.
Explanation:
If the retina is damaged, nerve impulses will not travel down the optic nerve.
Answer:
Nerve impulses will not travel down the optic nerve.
Explanation:
The retina is one of the membranes of the posterior follow-up of the eye, whose function is to transform the light stimulus into a nerve stimulus. The nerve membrane of the eye and its territory extend from the optic nerve to the pupil. It is formed by ten layers, of which stand out the pigment epithelium (the outermost layer) and the sensory layer (composed for photoreceptors). For this reason, we can conclude that if the retina were damaged the nerve impulses would not travel through the optic nerve.
An elderly man is brought to the clinic because he fatigues extremely easily. An examination reveals a heart murmur associated with the bicuspid valve during ventricular systole. What is the diagnosis? What is the possible treatment?
The elderly man with extreme fatigue and a heart murmur during ventricular systole likely has mitral valve prolapse. Treatment may involve medication or, in severe cases, surgical repair or replacement of the mitral valve.
An elderly man experiencing extreme fatigue and a heart murmur associated with the bicuspid valve during ventricular systole likely has mitral valve prolapse or another form of mitral valve disease. In this condition, the mitral (bicuspid) valve is unable to close completely, causing regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium during systole. This results in insufficient blood flow into the systemic circulation, contributing to the symptoms including fatigue. Possible treatments for mitral valve prolapse may include medication to manage symptoms, such as beta-blockers or diuretics, and in severe cases, surgical options like mitral valve repair or replacement surgery may be necessary. If a heart valve is significantly damaged, the surgical installation of artificial heart valves may be considered to restore proper heart function and improve the patient's quality of life.
Which of the following nutritional supplements are given to increase the amount of protein in the body?
Answer:
i believe you forgot to list the nutritional supplements for this question. without it, i am unable to help you unless you edit/make a new question!! 0:
Explanation:
6. A decrease in blood albumin level will cause a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure. This will lead to a rise in the net glomerular filtration pressure. Are these two statements true or false?
Answer:
Both statements are true.
Explanation:
Albumin is a type of globular protein present in the blood plasma. This albumin protein maintains the blood colloid osmotic pressure and may also affect the net glomerular filtration pressure.
Various factor can lead to the low level of albumin in blood like inflammation and malnutrition. The decrease in blood albumin can decrease the blood colloid osmotic pressure. The decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure can increase the net glomerulation filter pressure because the net movement of the fluid occurs towards the low pressure.
Thus, the answer is true.
Valve between right atrium and right ventricle is called
The answer is the Tricuspid Valve.
Answer: Tricuspid Valve
Explanation: The tricuspid valve is the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It’s important to the pumping of the blood throughout the body.
Sarah had been working with a personal trainer as she got started on a new fitness program. The first time Sarah went to the gym alone to work out she tried to remember all the safety tips her trainer gave her. Right away she started with the bench press exercise. She chose light weights and breathed in and out throughout the exercise. As Sarah finished her third set of bench presses, she realized she'd remembered everything right except to ________.
Answer:
Sarah forgot to arch her lower back and keep her feet even.
Explanation:
When bench pressing you should keep the lower back slightly arched on the bench press, and this is completely safe if done properly, because when performing the bench press the weight of the bar is on the shoulder line, so the lower back is not overloaded beyond the upper body. own body weight. Sarah forgot that recommendation.
In addition, she should have kept her feet even or even behind the knee line. In addition, it is essential that they are firmly supported on the floor, as this allows for a significant amount of leg strength.
The correlation between drinking alcohol and illicit drug use is: A) negative—drinkers are less likely to use illicit drugs than nondrinkers B) random—drinkers are equally as likely to use illicit drugs as nondrinkers C) positive—drinkers are more likely to use illicit drugs than nondrinkers D) unknown and unknowable with any available data
Answer:
The correct answer is c) positive- drinkers are more likely to use illicit drugs than nondrinkers.
Explanation:
Many surveys have been conducted by the CASA, which is National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia university and by National College Risk Behavior survey, also by Core Alcohol and Drug survey, and from all these surveys one thing that has come out as common is that the use of illicit drugs such as Tobacco , LSD, Marijuana is more common among those who are drinkers or you can binge drinkers than the ones who don't drink.
Parenteral administration includes which of the following?
A) Oral administration
B) Intramuscular (IM) injection
C) Intravenous (IV) injection
D) Both A and C
A ________ is a risk associated with exercising on hard surfaces, which causes pain in the front of the lower leg
Answer:
D. shin split
A shin splint is a risk associated with exercising on hard surfaces, which causes pain in the front of the lower leg. The correct option is D.
What is a shin splint?A Shin splint is a pain in the shin bone. The shin bone is the front and along the bone of the leg, called the tibia. The shin splint is caused by exercising and is a common pain, then can be avoided by using a soft surface for exercising.
This pain is normal and does not cause any further problems. Exercise is a common physical activity that is performed to maintain body weight and strengthen the body.
To avoid a shin splint and to minimize the pain, you should take a rest from exercise and use ice in the area of pain.
Thus, the correct option is D. shin splint.
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Your question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
A. Bone damage.
B. Muscle sore.
C. muscle pull.
D. shin splint.
A pregnant woman complains to her doctor that her ankles and feet stay swollen all of the time. She is very worried about this. As her doctor, what would you tell her?
A client with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been cleaning a bathroom for most of the morning. When the roommate demands that the client leave the bathroom so that the roommate can shower, the client becomes angry and says, "You can't make me leave, everything is still dirty." What is the best nursing action?
Hi !
Answer:
Say everything is very clean, reassure him, speak calmly.
You can say "You can finish that later, just please let me take a shower"
Vitamin C deficiency may lead to scurvy, a disease characterized by skin lesions and blood vessel hemorrhages due to weakened connective tissue. Vitamin C deficiency has this effect because the vitamin is a. a critical structural component of collagen. b. required for the enzymatic activity of prolyl hydroxylase. c. required for the enzymatic activity of cellulose synthase. d. required for the enzymatic activity of hydroxyprolyl hydroxylase.
Answer:
(b). required for the enzymatic activity of prolyl hydroxylase.
Explanation:
Scurvy is a disorder, caused by deficiency of vitamin C in diet as vitamin C is not synthesized in body.
Vitamin C acts as a cofactor for enzymatic activity of lysyl hydroxylase and prolyl hydroxylase. These two enzymes are required for the stabilizing cross-linking between peptides of collagen protein.
As collagen is a primary structural protein, rewired for healthy skin, blood vessels, and muscles, vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).
Final answer:
Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy because it impairs the enzymatic activity of prolyl hydroxylase, necessary for collagen stabilization, which leads to weakened connective tissue, bleeding gums, and delayed wound healing.
Explanation:
Vitamin C deficiency may lead to scurvy, a disease characterized by skin lesions, blood vessel hemorrhages, and delayed wound healing due to weakened connective tissue. This happens because vitamin C is b. required for the enzymatic activity of prolyl hydroxylase. Prolyl hydroxylase is an enzyme involved in the hydroxylation of proline, an amino acid found in collagen. This process is crucial for the collagen to maintain its triple-helix structure, which gives it the strength needed for proper connective tissue function.
Without vitamin C, prolyl hydroxylase cannot function correctly, and thus, hydroxylation does not occur properly, leading to the formation of unstable collagen fibers. This results in the symptoms associated with scurvy, such as bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and gums swollen, among others. Consumption of foods high in vitamin C, like citrus fruits, can prevent and treat scurvy due to the restoration of prolyl hydroxylase activity and therefore, proper collagen formation.
The __________ circulation collects nutrient-rich venous blood draining from the digestive viscera.
Answer:
The hepatic portal circulation is responsible for collecting the nutrient-rich venous blood draining from the digestive viscera.
Explanation:
The venous blood draining from the digestive viscera, present in the digestive system, that is rich in nutrients is returned to the liver via the hepatic portal circulation for further processing and detoxification. The hepatic portal circulation, also known as the portal venous system, consists of the hepatic portal veins.
This type of muscle works by helping the agonist so that it can act more efficiently.
Answer:
antagonist
Explanation:
antagonistic and agonist muscles work together in pairs.
General term for a disease that affects hemoglobin within red blood cells.
Hi !
Question
General term for a disease that affects hemoglobin within red blood cells.
Answer:
- anemia