RNA polymerase initiates transcription by binding to the promoter region on DNA, unwinding it, and then synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. Uracil is incorporated into RNA rather than thymine. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds to extend the RNA strand.
Explanation:The role of RNA polymerase in the initiation step of transcription is to bind to a specific region on the DNA called the promoter. This action signals the DNA to unwind, allowing RNA polymerase to read the template DNA strand and synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Transcription begins with RNA polymerase establishing the initiation site without the need for a primer, which is different from DNA replication. Unlike DNA nucleotides, which use thymine, RNA includes uracil nucleotides (U) in place of thymine (T). Once RNA polymerase has bound to the DNA at the promoter, it then catalyzes the joining of ribonucleotides, which form the backbone of the RNA strand, by creating phosphodiester bonds, elongating the transcript as it goes.
Do all cells in the body have the same growth rate
Some types of crops have been genetically-engineered to resist certain types of diseases and pests. How might these genetically-engineered crops impact the environment?
Answer: They will help the environment by allowing farmers to use fewer pesticides.
Explanation: Pest- and disease-resistant plants help farmers in many ways. This type of genetically-engineered plant allows the farmers to spray fewer pesticides on their crops. This saves farmers money and is beneficial to the environment, because it avoids the introduction of dangerous chemicals into local soil, groundwater, and runoff.
Proof that I am right look a the imagine below .
The activity of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles is regulated by the _____ in the brain.
Which ocean water would be the DENSEST?
transition zone
deep zone
The deep zone water in the ocean would be the densest. The deep zone is the area of the ocean below the thermocline, where the temperature and pressure are both high, causing the water to become denser.
What is deep zone water?Deep zone water is water found in the deep ocean, below the thermocline, which is the boundary between the warm and cold water layers. This water is characterized by high pressure and low temperature, which makes it denser than the water in the surface layer. The deep zone water also has a unique chemical composition, as it contains high levels of dissolved salts and nutrients from the deep ocean floor.
This water is important for the ocean's circulation patterns, as it helps to distribute heat, nutrients, and dissolved gases throughout the ocean. It also plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate by storing vast amounts of heat and carbon dioxide. The deep zone is an extremely inhospitable environment for most marine life, but it is home to a variety of unique and adapted species that are adapted to the harsh conditions.
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When scientists determined that the earth was round rather than flat, this was a ___________?
what is one advantage of sexual reproduction ?
A. The offspring are identical to the parents.
B. The offspring are resistant to viruses.
C. The offspring are born live, rather than from eggs.
D. The offspring inherit a wider variety of genetic information.
The offspring inherit a wider variety of genetic information is the one advantage of sexual reproduction.
What do you mean by sexual reproduction?Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes.
Three mechanisms contribute to genetic variation arising from sexual reproduction: independent assortment of chromosomes, crossing over, and random fertilization.
The sexual response cycle has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Both men and women experience these phases, although the timing usually is different.
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A client waiting to be seen for a clinic appointment is observed periodically shaking the left wrist. on what should the nurse focus when assessing this client? carpal tunnel syndrome paralysis dupuytren contracture fractured wrist
It has been decided by a group of scientific experts that lack of internal temperature regulation, presence of waterproof skin made of scales, and a waterproof egg are the three main characteristics that should be used to classify organisms as reptiles. this decision is most consistent with: classical taxonomy. punctuated equilibrium. cladistic taxonomy. natural selection.
This is a genetic mutation caused by the replacement of a single base nucleotide with another nucleotide. This term also includes insertions or deletions of a single base pair.
Answer:
The correct answer is point mutation.
Explanation:
A substitution or a point mutation refers to a genetic modification where a single nucleotide base is inserted, modified, or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence. Point mutations exhibit different effects on the downstream protein product.
A point mutation generally occurs at the time of the replication of DNA. The origination of point mutations may take place due to spontaneous mutations, which occur at the time of the replication of DNA.
A meander that is cut off to become completely isolated from the main channel and that dries up is a(n) ____________. meander neck cut bank oxbow lake abandoned meander
In what order do these three organ systems of the human body operate during a reflex arc in response to a stimulus of sharp pain to the hand?
The information may or may not be processed in the brain.
Some stimuli lead to 'reflex responses' that can be described in terms of the 'Simple Reflex Arc', whereas other stimuli (such as all visual stimuli) always involve processing by the brain. More information about the simple reflex arc is shown in Figure (2), below.
Following either simple reflex arc response, or processing by the brain, neural 'instructions' may be sent via a motor neurone to an effector (usually a muscle or gland). In this way, the effector is instructed to take action. The action may be physical movement of a muscle - hence perhaps also a body part such as a limb, or e.g. a chemical action by a gland. Whatever the consequent action, this has occurred due to the function of the nervous system, in response to the initial stimulus or stimuli.
A 'Simple Reflex Arc'The following diagram shows the sequence of events described above in more detail, specifically for the case of the 'simple reflex arc'. i'm unsure if this helps at all or is even truley fully related as im not the best with this kind of thing but when i was doing studies about the human bodies i noted that.
The answer is B. Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal. The nerves send impulses to the muscles and they send them to the skeleton. And your body registers that as pain.
The ultimate source of energy to support most life on earth is _____. see concept 10.1 (page 189)
Geologist who studied the strata and discovered that organisms deeper in the strata were most dissimilar to current living forms. also wrongly concluded that this was from catastrophic events and surrounding organisms repopulated the strata.
What happens to a lizard's metabolic rate when the temperature increases 10°c? what happens to a lizard's metabolic rate when the temperature increases 10°c? the metabolic rate approximately quadruples. the metabolic rate approximately doubles. the metabolic rate approximately triples. the metabolic rate stays constant?
The ultimate energy source that supports most life on earth is _____.
"what is the term for intentional injury or harm to another person?"
In which location would a population most likely be geographically isolated?
a wetland
a river
a rain forest
an island
How can a gene determine whether a person has albinism (give a molecular explanation.)?
Final answer:
Albinism occurs when an individual inherits two copies of a gene with mutations that lead to a nonfunctional tyrosinase enzyme, which is vital for melanin production. With the absence of melanin, pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair does not occur. It is a recessive trait, meaning a child must inherit the mutation from both parents to express the condition.
Explanation:
How Albinism is Determined by Genetics
Albinism is a condition characterized by the lack of pigment in the skin, eyes, and hair. It is caused by a mutation in a gene responsible for the production of melanin, the protein that gives color to these parts of the body. Specifically, albino individuals have a mutation in the gene that codes for an enzyme called tyrosinase. Tyrosinase is crucial for the synthesis of melanin; without functional tyrosinase, melanin is not produced, leading to the characteristics of albinism. This mutation is recessive, meaning that for an individual to display albinism, they must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent.
In the U.S., an individual's probability of receiving the albinism gene from a given parent is about 0.014. Consequently, the probability that a given child will be born albino, i.e., inheriting one copy of the mutated gene from each parent, is the product of the two probabilities: 0.014 x 0.014, which equals approximately 0.000196, or 1 in 5102.
This genetic mechanism is an example of epistasis, where the expression of one gene is suppressed by another. In the case of albinism, even if an individual has genes for normal skin pigment, the lack of tyrosinase due to the mutation overrides any color that might be produced, resulting in no pigment at all.
why can't astronomers measure the parallax of a star that is a million light years away?
One of the methods used widely to calculate the distance of nearby or closer objects in astronomy is Parallax. The distance of the stars are usually expressed in light years but the unit of distance is parsec or parallax second.
1 Parsec = 3.26 light years
Astronomers are not able to measure the parallax of a star that is a million light years away because the star is too far and the distance with which the start appears to move is too less to be calculated accurately.
Organisms that can survive well in conditions with changing salinity are well adapted to live in
a spit is when the land curves and longshore drift keeps going ? True or False
Compare the gill arches in marine vertebrates with the ribs in terrestrial vertebrates.
The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body is accomplished through ________ circulation.
The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body is accomplished through systemic circulation.
What is systemic circulation?Systemic circulation is simply the blood circulatory system of the body. The main purpose of transport of blood is to provide the oxygen and various nutrients to the desired part of the body. In return, the blood carries the carbon dioxide gas to the lungs and the blood is oxygenated again there.
The systemic circulatory system comprises of various parts like blood, heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, etc. All these components work regularly to carry out the transport efficiently.
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The cerebral cortex of humans is so large it should not fit in our skull. the only reason it does is because of its _____
Answer and Explanation:
Cerebral cortex is highly developed in humans. It is found in the cerebrum as the outer layer of neural tissue.
Cerebral cortex is divided into two zones.
Each of these zones has further divided into four lobes as follows:
Frontal,
Parietal,
Temporal,
Occipital.
And the lobes are further divided into number of bumps and grooves.
Folding of brain results in bumps and grooves makes the surface area increase due to which large cerebral cortex get fit into skull.
which of the following mutations will most likely not result in a change in phenotype of an individual?
a. a point mutation which does not change the amino acid
b. an inversion mutation
c. a nonsense mutation which stops the production of a protein prematurely
d. a missense mutation which results in valine being produced instead of glutamic acid
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Final answer:
A silent point mutation, which does not alter the resulting amino acid, is most likely not to cause a change in phenotype, as the protein produced remains the same. Other mutations such as nonsense, missense, and inversion generally lead to phenotypic changes.
Explanation:
The mutation most likely not to result in a change in the phenotype of an individual is a point mutation which does not change the amino acid, known as a silent mutation. Silent mutations occur when the change in the nucleotide sequence does not result in a different amino acid because of the redundancy in the genetic code. Consequently, the protein produced is unchanged, leading to no alteration in phenotype. In contrast, both nonsense mutations and missense mutations, as well as inversion mutations, typically result in changes to the phenotype because they cause the protein to be made incorrectly or not at all, or change the sequence in which genes are arranged, potentially disrupting gene function.
What structure forms during angiosperm fertilization but does not form during fertilization among other types of plants?
Heating and/or agitation of egg whites results in:
What principle of perception is at the heart of the Gestalt theory?
Answer:
There are five principles; Proximity, similarity, Continuity, Closure, and Connectedness. Gestalt theory's main principle of perception is that the whole has a greater meaning than the sum of its parts and, therefore, we do not need to look at its individual parts to understand the whole. This principle of perception is divided into others, subdividing different forms in which this phenomenon happens - similarity, closure, proximity, and continuity.
Explanation:
Edge 2020
Answer:
There are five principles; Proximity, similarity, Continuity, Closure, and Connectedness.
Explanation:
Gestalt theory's main principle of perception is that the whole has a greater meaning than the sum of its parts and, therefore, we do not need to look at its individual parts to understand the whole. This principle of perception is divided into others, subdividing different forms in which this phenomenon happens - similarity, closure, proximity, and continuity.
Which statements about the regulation of transcription initiation in these genes are true? select all that apply. select all that apply. the imaginin gene will be transcribed at a high level when repressors specific for the imaginin gene are present in the cell?
Regarding gene regulation in biology, the presence of gene-specific repressors often results in decreased transcription of the associated gene. Repressors, activators, and inducers are all regulatory molecules that significantly influence gene expression by interacting with specific DNA regions. Transcription factors, including transcriptional repressors, regulate gene expression by affecting the binding of RNA polymerase to certain genes.
Explanation:In the context of gene regulation, the presence of gene-specific repressors typically leads to a decrease in transcription of the corresponding gene, not an increase. Therefore, it is unlikely that the imaginin gene will be transcribed at a high level when specific repressors for the imaginin gene are present. Regulatory molecules such as repressors, activators, and inducers play crucial roles in gene expression. In general terms, repressors bind to operator regions to prevent gene transcription, while activators increase gene transcription by binding to promoter sites.
Transcription factors are proteins that influence the binding of RNA polymerase to specific genes, thereby regulating gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some of these transcription factors, also known as transcriptional repressors, can bind to promoter or enhancer regions and block transcription in response to external stimuli.
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What is the condition in which the patient's pupils are normally unequal?